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Sayed ME, Jain S, Jokhadar HF, Alshahrani AA, AlResayes SS, Alqahtani SM, Alqarni H, Anab NA, Alsubeaie NH, Alsubaie SH, Khalid A, Franco R, Minervini G. Effect of smokeless tobacco on color stability and surface roughness of CAD/CAM milled, 3D printed, and conventional provisional crown and fixed dental prosthesis materials: An in vitro study. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:1697-1711. [PMID: 37694329 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provisional fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) plays an important role during fixed prosthodontic therapy till the definitive. Discoloration of materials used for provisional FDPs can cause patient dissatisfaction and may create doubt about the color stability of the definitive FDP. Surface roughness is the other major property to be taken into consideration for provisional FDP materials. Smokeless tobacco is reported to affect the color stability and surface roughness of different prosthetic materials. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of two types of smokeless tobacco (black and white) on color stability and surface roughness of 3D printed, CAD/CAM milled, and conventional provisional FDP resin materials. METHODS A total of 144 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated using four techniques CAD/CAM subtractive technique (milling), CAD/CAM additive technique (3D Printing), and conventional technique using autopolymerized PMMA, and autopolymerized Bis-acrylic resins. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups of twelve specimens each, and were submerged into three solutions (artificial salivary substitute, black smokeless tobacco, white smokeless tobacco). The change in color and surface roughness was evaluated and the data collected were statistically analyzed. RESULTS It was observed that black smokeless tobacco caused the maximum color change and the effect was highest in autopolymerized PMMA resin specimens (ΔE = 9.343 ± 0.489), followed by 3D printed (ΔE = 7.187 ± 0.391), autopolymerized Bis-acryl (ΔE = 6.464 ± 0.453) and milled (ΔE = 4.978 ± 0.227). White smokeless tobacco was found to cause a maximum change in surface roughness and the effect was highest in autopolymerized Bis-acryl specimens (ΔRa = 0.321 ± 0.015 μm), followed by autopolymerized PMMA (ΔRa = 0.297± 0.015 μm), 3D printed (ΔRa = 0.191 ± 0.019 μm), and milled (ΔRa = 0.168 ± 0.014 μm). Statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) differences were observed among all techniques and solutions. CONCLUSIONS The change in color and surface roughness were maximum in the case of FDPs prepared using autopolymerizing resins, followed by 3D printed, and CAD/CAM milled reins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam F Jokhadar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahid Amer Alshahrani
- Department of Dental Technology, Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Saleh AlResayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Alqarni
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah, Saudi Arabia
- International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najwa Ali Anab
- Resident Services in Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery (OMFS), Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rocco Franco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergate", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, India
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GC-MS/MS Quantification of EGFR Inhibitors, β-Sitosterol, Betulinic Acid, (+) Eriodictyol, (+) Epipinoresinol, and Secoisolariciresinol, in Crude Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Thonningia sanguinea. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134109. [PMID: 35807354 PMCID: PMC9268025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Thonningia sanguinea Vahl is widespread in African traditional medicine, and exhibits antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer activities. T. sanguinea is a source of phytomedicinal agents that have previously been isolated and structurally elucidated. Herein, gas chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to quantify epipinoresinol, β-sitosterol, eriodictyol, betulinic acid, and secoisolariciresinol contents in the methanolic crude extract and its ethyl acetate fraction for the first time. The ethyl acetate fraction was rich in epipinoresinol, eriodictyol, and secoisolariciresinol at concentrations of 2.3, 3.9, and 2.4 mg/g of dry extract, respectively. The binding interactions of these compounds with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were computed using a molecular docking study. The results revealed that the highest binding affinities for the EGFR signaling pathway were attributed to eriodictyol and secoisolariciresinol, with good binding energies of −19.93 and −16.63 Kcal/mol, respectively. These compounds formed good interactions with the key amino acid Met 769 as the co-crystallized ligand. So, the ethyl acetate fraction of T. sanguinea is a promising adjuvant therapy in cancer treatments.
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Challenges and Opportunities in the Application of Chemometrics in the Pharmaceutical and Food Science Industries. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9823497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Chemo-Profiling of Illicit Amphetamine Tablets Seized from Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Chemometric Techniques. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1517785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of illegal drug tablets with unknown constituents are supplied to countries around the world, most of which are habit forming. Amphetamine constitutes the majority of illegal tablets supplied to Saudi Arabia. In this study, we investigated illicit amphetamine tablets seized from Jazan region located in the southwest of Saudi Arabia to identify the insidious additives present in them and their health-related risks. Tablets were analyzed for the presence of amphetamine and other additives using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. Amphetamine was detected in good to high area % values in all analyzed tablets in the range of 16.29–41.23%. Interestingly, a number of other additives were also detected with amphetamine in most of the tested samples including caffeine, lidocaine, diphenhydramine, and 8-chlorotheophylline in considerable area %. Caffeine may have been added to enhance the psychotic effect of amphetamine, whereas lidocaine was added to prevent the cardiovascular side effects of amphetamine. Diphenhydramine was probably added to prevent other undesirable side effects of amphetamine such as insomnia and tremors. Chemometric hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out to make samples clusters which have similar characteristics. It resulted into a dendrogram tree showing eight clusters signifying different sources of tablet samples. Owing to the toxic effects of amphetamine and other psychoactive constituents in the tested tablets, the illegal trafficking of these tablets should be prevented by all means and public awareness should be increased.
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Tripathi P, Alshahrani S, Alhazmi HA, Tripathi R, Siddiqui AH, Ahsan W, Al Bratty M. In vivo assessment of genotoxic potential of brown shammah (smokeless tobacco) in bone marrow cells of mice. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:480-486. [PMID: 32273808 PMCID: PMC7132595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the genotoxicity of brown shammah (BS), a local form of smokeless tobacco, popular in Middle East countries including Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. The genotoxicity was explored using in vivo chromosomal aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN) and sperm abnormality (SA) assays. In addition, oxidative stress was also determined using various hepatic markers. Swiss albino mice were selected for the study, which were divided in to 5 groups of six animals each. They include, negative control (NC, received only vehicle) as well as positive control group (PC, received vehicle for 2 weeks followed by administration of cyclophosphamide, CP). Depending upon their dose, three BS treated animal groups were BS-100, 300 and 900 mg/kg. Doses of BS were obtained by suspending BS in 0.5% CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) and orally administered once a day for 2 weeks. Significant augmentation of the average percentage of aberrant metaphase (AM), CA per cells and suppressed mitotic activity was observed on post administration of BS. In addition, BS increased the occurrence of MNPCEs (micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes) formation, induced cytotoxicity and increased percentage of abnormal sperms as compared to NC. Moreover, BS also induced oxidative stress as the activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were reduced and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased by BS. Cyclophosphamide was utilized as clastogen, showed anticipated positive results and confirmed the sensitivity of test system. Therefore, it may be deduced from the study that the BS possesses genotoxic effects on mice bone marrow and germ cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rina Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hakeem Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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