Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing and Brief Interventions on tobacco use among healthy adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

EmpowerHer-a smoke-free future: a feasibility study examining the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally concordant tobacco treatment intervention in African American women

BACKGROUND

Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the USA. African Americans face a higher cancer mortality rate and disease burden due to modifiable health behaviors. Effective tobacco treatment programs must transition from research to accessible community settings, particularly targeting African American women who smoke. Research supports using motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapy alongside nicotine replacement therapy for effective tobacco cessation. Culturally tailored interventions can enhance risk perception, readiness to quit, and knowledge about smoking risks.

METHODS

We piloted the EmpowerHer: A Smoke-Free Future intervention in New Jersey among African American women (N = 22), which involved motivational interviewing, combination nicotine replacement therapy, at-home carbon monoxide testing, and culturally tailored newsletters.

RESULTS

The intervention showed high acceptability and satisfaction, with participants scoring a mean of 56.08 (SD = 5.14) out of a maximum possible score of 68 on the acceptability and satisfaction questionnaire, indicating strong endorsement of the intervention's usefulness, relevance, and cultural fit. Participants demonstrated reduced nicotine dependence and carbon monoxide levels, indicating promising reductions in smoking behavior. Median cigarettes smoked per day decreased from 15 to 3, highlighting substantial progress in reducing smoking behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

This community-based, culturally tailored intervention shows promise in reducing tobacco use among at-risk African American women, filling a critical gap in tobacco treatment options. The positive outcomes suggest increased potential for successful future tobacco cessation efforts in this population.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05878990) on 18 May 2023.

Nurse-Led Tobacco Cessation for Veterans Using Motivational Interviewing in a Lung Cancer Screening Program

Lung cancer screening (LCS) programs provide an optimal setting for interventions to help individuals quit smoking, and more than 50% of people who seek LCS actively smoke tobacco products. This quality improvement project ai.

An Evaluation of Health Behavior Change Training for Health and Care Professionals in St. Helena

Background: Health behavior consultations support self-management if delivered by skilled practitioners. We summarize here the results of a collaborative training intervention program delivered to health and care practitioners working in a remote-island context. The program was designed to build confidence in the implementation of communication and behavior change skills and to sustain their use in work settings. The setting for the behavior change training program was the South Atlantic island of St. Helena, a remote low-middle-income country which has a population with high levels of obesity and a prevalence of long-term conditions. Objectives: We aimed to increase knowledge, confidence, and implementation of behavior change techniques (BCTs) and communication skills of health and social care staff through delivering and evaluating training using the MAP (Motivation, Action, Prompt) behavior change framework. A successful training intervention could ultimately improve self-management and patient health outcomes. Methods: Co-production with onsite representatives adapted the program for local delivery. A two-day training program was delivered face-to-face to 32 multidisciplinary staff. Pre- and post-intervention and 18-month follow-up evaluation assessed reactions, learning and implementation using multiple methods, including participant feedback and primary care patient reports. Results: Positive reactions to training and significant improvement in confidence, perceived importance, intention to use and implementation of BCTs and communication skills immediately post-training and at long-term follow-up were observed. Patient reports suggested some techniques became routinely used. Methodological difficulties arose due to staff retention and disruption through the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The delivery of health behavior change training can be effective in remote contexts with sustainable impacts on healthcare. There are challenges working in this context including staff continuity and technological reliability.

Impact of brief smoking cessation intervention on quitting rate and glycemic control in patients with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the impact of a brief smoking cessation intervention among patients with diabetes.

METHODS

This randomized interventional clinical trial involved patients with diabetes who smoked tobacco and attended the outpatient diabetes clinic at Penang Hospital, Malaysia. Participants were randomized into a control group that usual care for patients with diabetes, or an intervention group that received a 5-minute physician-delivered brief counseling session on tobacco cessation using the 5A's strategy, in addition to usual care. Primary outcome measures were assessed over three visits (every 3-4 months) including mean glycated hemoglobin level, quitting rate, blood pressure, and mean number of cigarettes smoked per day.

RESULTS

In total, 126 participants were finally enrolled in the study, with 63 patients each in the intervention and control groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to glycemic control, blood pressure, and quitting rate. However, patients in both groups reduced their cigarette consumption.

CONCLUSIONS

The present brief smoking cessation intervention did not result in better glycemic control, blood pressure, or quitting rates among patients with diabetes. This patient group may require more intensive guidance for better outcomes.Trial registration: This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04864327); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?pg=1&load=cart&id=NCT04864327.