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Fatima Qadri A, Shaikh S, Chan Hwang Y, Ahmad K, Choi I, Ju Lee E. Effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis crude water extract on the expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 gene during myogenesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34747. [PMID: 39149015 PMCID: PMC11324967 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a traditional herbal medicine with significant bioactivity. This study investigated the effect of G. uralensis crude water extract (GU-CWE) on nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression during myogenesis. GU-CWE treatment increased myoblast differentiation by downregulating NOS2 and upregulating myogenic regulatory factors (MYOD, MYOG, and MYH). Notably, this effect was supported by an observed decrease in NOS2 expression in the gastrocnemius tissues of mice treated with GU-CWE. In addition, GU-CWE treatment and NOS2 knockdown were associated with reductions in reactive oxygen species levels. We further elucidate the role of the NOS2 gene in myoblast differentiation, demonstrating that its role was expression dependent, being beneficial at low expression but detrimental at high expression. High NOS2 gene expression induced oxidative stress, whereas its low expression impaired myotube formation. These findings highlight that the modulation of NOS2 expression by G. uralensis can potentially be use for managing muscle wasting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsha Fatima Qadri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Ye Chan Hwang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
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Hjortshoej MH, Aagaard P, Storgaard CD, Juneja H, Lundbye‐Jensen J, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. Hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses to blood flow-restricted exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14030. [PMID: 37732509 PMCID: PMC10909497 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy-load free-flow resistance exercise (HL-FFRE) is a widely used training modality. Recently, low-load blood-flow restricted resistance exercise (LL-BFRRE) has gained attention in both athletic and clinical settings as an alternative when conventional HL-FFRE is contraindicated or not tolerated. LL-BFRRE has been shown to result in physiological adaptations in muscle and connective tissue that are comparable to those induced by HL-FFRE. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear; however, evidence suggests that LL-BFRRE involves elevated metabolic stress compared to conventional free-flow resistance exercise (FFRE). AIM The aim was to evaluate the initial (<10 min post-exercise), intermediate (10-20 min), and late (>30 min) hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses observed following acute sessions of LL-BFRRE compared to FFRE in healthy adults. METHODS A systematic literature search of randomized and non-randomized studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2, ROBINS-1) and TESTEX were used to evaluate risk of bias and study quality. Data extractions were based on mean change within groups. RESULTS A total of 12525 hits were identified, of which 29 articles were included. LL-BFRRE demonstrated greater acute increases in growth hormone responses when compared to overall FFRE at intermediate (SMD 2.04; 95% CI 0.87, 3.22) and late (SMD 2.64; 95% CI 1.13, 4.16) post-exercise phases. LL-BFRRE also demonstrated greater increase in testosterone responses compared to late LL-FFRE. CONCLUSION These results indicate that LL-BFRRE can induce increased or similar hormone and immune responses compared to LL-FFRE and HL-FFRE along with attenuated oxidative stress responses compared to HL-FFRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Hjortshoej
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - P. Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - C. D. Storgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - H. Juneja
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - J. Lundbye‐Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - S. P. Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
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Parafati M, Giza S, Shenoy TS, Mojica-Santiago JA, Hopf M, Malany LK, Platt D, Moore I, Jacobs ZA, Kuehl P, Rexroat J, Barnett G, Schmidt CE, McLamb WT, Clements T, Coen PM, Malany S. Human skeletal muscle tissue chip autonomous payload reveals changes in fiber type and metabolic gene expression due to spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:77. [PMID: 37714852 PMCID: PMC10504373 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems provide the opportunity to model accelerated changes at the human tissue level in the extreme space environment. Spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy experienced by astronauts shares similar physiological changes to muscle wasting in older adults, known as sarcopenia. These shared attributes provide a rationale for investigating molecular changes in muscle cells exposed to spaceflight that may mimic the underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia. We report the results from three-dimensional myobundles derived from muscle biopsies from young and older adults, integrated into an autonomous CubeLab™, and flown to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard SpaceX CRS-21 as part of the NIH/NASA funded Tissue Chips in Space program. Global transcriptomic RNA-Seq analyses comparing the myobundles in space and on the ground revealed downregulation of shared transcripts related to myoblast proliferation and muscle differentiation. The analyses also revealed downregulated differentially expressed gene pathways related to muscle metabolism unique to myobundles derived from the older cohort exposed to the space environment compared to ground controls. Gene classes related to inflammatory pathways were downregulated in flight samples cultured from the younger cohort compared to ground controls. Our muscle tissue chip platform provides an approach to studying the cell autonomous effects of spaceflight on muscle cell biology that may not be appreciated on the whole organ or organism level and sets the stage for continued data collection from muscle tissue chip experimentation in microgravity. We also report on the challenges and opportunities for conducting autonomous tissue-on-chip CubeLabTM payloads on the ISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Parafati
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Shelby Giza
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Tushar S Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jorge A Mojica-Santiago
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Meghan Hopf
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | | | - Don Platt
- Micro Aerospace Solutions, INC, Melbourne, FL, 32935, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Kuehl
- Space Tango, LLC, Lexington, KY, 40505, USA
| | | | | | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | | | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Siobhan Malany
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Parafati M, Giza S, Shenoy T, Mojica-Santiago J, Hopf M, Malany L, Platt D, Kuehl P, Moore I, Jacobs Z, Barnett G, Schmidt C, McLamb W, Coen P, Clements T, Malany S. Validation of Human Skeletal Muscle Tissue Chip Autonomous Platform to Model Age-Related Muscle Wasting in Microgravity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2631490. [PMID: 37034730 PMCID: PMC10081368 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2631490/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Microgravity-induced muscle atrophy experienced by astronauts shares similar physiological changes to muscle wasting experienced by older adults, known as sarcopenia. These shared attributes provide a rationale for investigating microgravity-induced molecular changes in human bioengineered muscle cells that may also mimic the progressive underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia. Here, we report the results of an experiment that incorporated three-dimensional myobundles derived from muscle biopsies from young and older adults, that were integrated into an autonomous CubeLabâ"¢, and flown to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard SpaceX CRS-21 in December 2020 as part of the NIH/NASA funded Tissue Chips in Space program. Global transcriptomic RNA-Seq analysis comparing the myobundles in space and on the ground revealed downregulation of shared transcripts related to myoblast proliferation and muscle differentiation for those in space. The analysis also revealed differentially expressed gene pathways related to muscle metabolism unique to myobundles derived from the older cohort exposed to the space environment compared to ground controls. Gene classes related to inflammatory pathways were uniquely modulated in flight samples cultured from the younger cohort compared to ground controls. Our muscle tissue chip platform provides a novel approach to studying the cell autonomous effects of microgravity on muscle cell biology that may not be appreciated on the whole organ or organism level and sets the stage for continued data collection from muscle tissue chip experimentation in microgravity. Thus, we also report on the challenges and opportunities for conducting autonomous tissue-on-chip CubeLab TM payloads on the ISS.
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Marques J, Shokry E, Uhl O, Baber L, Hofmeister F, Jarmusch S, Bidlingmaier M, Ferrari U, Koletzko B, Drey M. Sarcopenia: investigation of metabolic changes and its associated mechanisms. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:2. [PMID: 36658632 PMCID: PMC9850598 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is one of the most predominant musculoskeletal diseases of the elderly, defined as age-related progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass with a simultaneous reduction in muscle strength and/or function. Using metabolomics, we aimed to examine the association between sarcopenia and the plasma metabolic profile of sarcopenic patients, measured using a targeted HPLC-MS/MS platform. METHODS Plasma samples from 22 (17 men) hip fracture patients undergoing surgery (8 sarcopenic, age 81.4+6.3, and 14 non-sarcopenic, age 78.4±8.1) were analyzed. T test, fold change, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, and sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis were used for mining significant features. Metabolite set enrichment analysis and mediation analysis by PLSSEM were thereafter performed. RESULTS Using a univariate analysis for sarcopenia z score, the amino acid citrulline was the only metabolite with a significant group difference after FDR correction. Positive trends were observed between the sarcopenia z score and very long-chain fatty acids as well as dicarboxylic acid carnitines. Multivariate analysis showed citrulline, non-esterified fatty acid 26:2, and decanedioyl carnitine as the top three metabolites according to the variable importance in projection using oPLS-DA and loadings weight by sPLS-DA. Metabolite set enrichment analysis showed carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency (II) as the highest condition related to the metabolome. CONCLUSIONS We observed a difference in the plasma metabolic profile in association with different measures of sarcopenia, which identifies very long-chain fatty acids, Carn.DC and citrulline as key variables associated with the disease severity. These findings point to a potential link between sarcopenia and mitochondrial dysfunction and portraits a number of possible biochemical pathways which might be involved in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair Marques
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Paediatrics, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstr, 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Engy Shokry
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Paediatrics, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstr, 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Paediatrics, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstr, 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Baber
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Hofmeister
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jarmusch
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Ferrari
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Department of Paediatrics, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstr, 4, D-80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michael Drey
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Samoilova YG, Matveeva MV, Khoroshunova EA, Kudlay DA, Oleynik OA, Spirina LV. Markers for the Prediction of Probably Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged Individuals. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111830. [PMID: 36579539 PMCID: PMC9692986 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition that is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, resulting in reduced quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the significance of pro-inflammatory markers in the prognostic diagnosis of sarcopenia. The participants were divided into two groups: the main group of 146 people and the control-75 people. The complex of examinations included neuropsychological testing (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with sarcopenia (SarQoL), and short health assessment form (MOS SF-36)), a 6 m walking speed test, manual dynamometry, bioimpedancemetry, and metabolic markers (nitrates, fibroblast growth factor 21, and malondialdehyde). When analyzing metabolic markers in the main group, a twofold increase in nitrates in the main group was recorded in a subsequent analysis adjusted for multiple variables, there was a negative association between the nitrate levels for weak grip strength and appendicular muscle mass. An additional analysis revealed that the complaint of pain in the lower extremities was more frequent in patients of the main group, as well as constipation and the pathology of thyroid gland, and they were more frequently diagnosed with arterial hypertension. At the same time, patients from the main group more frequently took vitamin D. When conducting body composition, the main group recorded a higher weight visceral fat content, as well as a decrease in appendicular and skeletal muscle mass; these changes were accompanied by a decrease in protein and minerals. Among the markers that differed significantly were nitrates, and it was this that was associated with decreased muscle strength and appendicular mass, which may indicate both a possible mechanism and a possible predictive marker. The results of this study can be used to develop a screening method for diagnosing sarcopenia at the outpatient stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia G. Samoilova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Siberian State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mariia V. Matveeva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Siberian State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-913-815-2552
| | - Ekaterina A. Khoroshunova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Siberian State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Kudlay
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “First Moscow State Medical University Named after I.I. THEM. Sechenov” of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya 8, Building 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “State Research Center “Institute of Immunology”” FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana A. Oleynik
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Siberian State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liudmila V. Spirina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Siberian State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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7
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Xiang Y, You Z, Huang X, Dai J, Zhang J, Nie S, Xu L, Jiang J, Xu J. Oxidative stress-induced premature senescence and aggravated denervated skeletal muscular atrophy by regulating progerin-p53 interaction. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:19. [PMID: 35906707 PMCID: PMC9335985 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progerin elevates atrophic gene expression and helps modify the nuclear membrane to cause severe muscle pathology, which is similar to muscle weakness in the elderly, to alter the development and function of the skeletal muscles. Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), a state of cell growth arrest owing to such stimuli as oxidation, can be caused by progerin. However, evidence for whether SIPS-induced progerin accumulation is connected to denervation-induced muscle atrophy is not sufficient. Methods Flow cytometry and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitors were used to assess the effect of oxidation on protein (p53), progerin, and nuclear progerin–p53 interaction in the denervated muscles of models of mice suffering from sciatic injury. Loss-of-function approach with the targeted deletion of p53 was used to assess connection among SIPS, denervated muscle atrophy, and fibrogenesis. Results The augmentation of ROS and iNOS-derived NO in the denervated muscles of models of mice suffering from sciatic injury upregulates p53 and progerin. The abnormal accumulation of progerin in the nuclear membrane as well as the activation of nuclear progerin–p53 interaction triggered premature senescence in the denervated muscle cells of mice. The p53-dependent SIPS in denervated muscles contributes to their atrophy and fibrogenesis. Conclusion Oxidative stress-triggered premature senescence via nuclear progerin–p53 interaction that promotes denervated skeletal muscular atrophy and fibrogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13395-022-00302-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxian Xiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongqi You
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxi Dai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Nie
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjian Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Malla J, Zahra A, Venugopal S, Selvamani TY, Shoukrie SI, Selvaraj R, Dhanoa RK, Hamouda RK, Mostafa J. What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia? Cureus 2022; 14:e26798. [PMID: 35971351 PMCID: PMC9372379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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9
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E L D, T J W, A R F, A B P, K M R, C P D, C R G, J E W, K V S, R J U, M SM. Cancer and Associated Therapies Impact the Skeletal Muscle Proteome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:879263. [PMID: 35694399 PMCID: PMC9184684 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Both cancer and cancer associated therapies (CAT; including chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation) disrupt cellular metabolism throughout the body, including the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function. Adjunct testosterone therapy during standard of care chemotherapy and chemoradiation modulates CAT-induced dysregulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and protects lean body mass during CAT. However, the extent to which the skeletal muscle proteome is altered under these therapeutic conditions is unknown. Objective: We probed the skeletal muscle proteome of cancer patients as an ancillary analysis following a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial investigating the effect of adjunct testosterone on body composition in men and women with advanced cancers undergoing CAT. Methods: Men and women diagnosed with late stage (≥IIB) or recurrent head and neck or cervical cancer who were scheduled to receive standard of care CAT were administered an adjunct 7 weeks treatment of weekly intramuscular injections of either 100 mg testosterone (CAT+T, n = 7; 2M/5F) or placebo/saline (CAT+P, n = 6; 4M/2F). Biopsies were performed on the vastus lateralis before (PRE) and after (POST) the 7 weeks treatment. Extracted proteins were separated with 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), and subjected to analyses of total protein abundance, phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation. Proteoforms showing significant 1.5 fold differences (t-test p ≤ 0.05) between PRE and POST timepoints were identified by mass spectroscopy (MS), and lists of altered proteins were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify affected pathways. Results: A total of 756 distinct protein spots were identified. Of those spots, 102 were found to be altered in terms of abundance, phosphorylation, or S-nitrosylation, and identified by mass spectroscopy analysis to represent 58 unique proteins. Among the biological processes and pathways identified, CAT+P predominantly impacted metabolic processes, cell assembly, oxygen transport, and apoptotic signaling, while CAT+T impacted transcription regulation, muscle differentiation, muscle development, and contraction. Conclusion: Cancer and CAT significantly altered the skeletal muscle proteome in a manner suggestive of loss of structural integrity, reduced contractile function, and disrupted metabolism. Proteomic analysis suggests that the addition of adjunct testosterone minimized the structural and contractile influence of cancer and its associated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon E L
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Wright T J
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Filley A R
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Pulliam A B
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Randolph K M
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Danesi C P
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Gilkison C R
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Wiktorowicz J E
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Soman K V
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Urban R J
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sheffield-Moore M
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Córdova A, Caballero-García A, Noriega-González D, Bello HJ, Pons A, Roche E. Nitric-Oxide-Inducing Factors on Vitamin D Changes in Older People Susceptible to Suffer from Sarcopenia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105938. [PMID: 35627475 PMCID: PMC9141722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and magnesium, together with vitamin D and the hormones testosterone and cortisol, are key elements in muscle function, to maintain physical fitness. This study aims to analyze if supplementation with NO precursors (L-arginine, L-citrulline and beetroot extract) modulates the circulating levels of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D and steroid hormones in elders. Sixty-one volunteers (65.1 years old, 164.6 cm of height and 71.2 kg of weight) susceptible to develop sarcopenia participated in a physical activity program for 6 weeks. Participants were divided into four groups: one placebo and three taking one of the indicated supplements. Physical capacity was assessed through the following tests: (a) distance covered in 6 min by walking (endurance indicator); (b) hand grip (upper-body strength indicator); (c) time to cover 4 m by walking (speed indicator); and (d) time to perform five full squats (lower-body strength indicator). We concluded that there is a disparity in the association of steroid hormones, vitamin D levels and physical fitness. However, a significant inverse correlation between speed and endurance indicators was observed. Higher circulating vitamin D levels were observed in the L-arginine- and beetroot-supplemented groups. In conclusion, vasodilators increase vitamin D circulating levels that, in the long term, could maintain mineral homeostasis, improving muscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - David Noriega-González
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Hugo J. Bello
- Department of Mathematics, Escuela de Ingeniería de la Industria Forestal, Agronómica y de la Bioenergía, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Antoni Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (E.R.)
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11
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Zhang F, Teng Z, Wang L, Wang L, Huang T, Zhang X. Dietary Selenium Deficiency and Excess Accelerate Ubiquitin-Mediated Protein Degradation in the Muscle of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) via Akt/FoxO3a and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1361-1375. [PMID: 33928590 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency and excess can lead to protein degradation in fish. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main pathway of muscle proteolysis. This study aimed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of dietary Se on ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein degradation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish were fed with the Se-deficient diet (0 mg/kg, DSe), Se-adequate diet (4 mg/kg, ASe), and Se-excessive diet (16 mg/kg, ESe), respectively. After a 10-week feeding trial, the growth performance, body composition, antioxidant enzyme activities, and UPS-related gene and protein expressions were detected. Results indicated that DSe and ESe diets significantly decreased the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and muscle crude protein content compared with ASe diet. The histological analysis showed that the mean diameter of muscle fibers was significantly decreased in DSe and ESe groups. And DSe and ESe diets significantly increased the contents of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, but reduced the glutathione peroxidase activity. Additionally, the abundance of muscle ubiquitinated proteins and the expression levels of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 were significantly increased in DSe and ESe groups. Compared to ASe diet, DSe and ESe diets significantly decreased the phosphorylation level of Akt Ser473 and the ratio of p-FoxO3a/FoxO3a, but significantly increased the phosphorylation level of IκBα and upregulated the expressions of TNF-α, IL-8, and NF-κB. Overall, this study indicated that dietary Se deficiency and excess accelerated the ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein degradation through regulating Akt/FoxO3a and NF-κB signaling pathways in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlei Teng
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Geppert J, Walth AA, Expósito RT, Kaltenecker D, Morigny P, Machado J, Becker M, Simoes E, Lima JDCC, Daniel C, Berriel Diaz M, Herzig S, Seelaender M, Rohm M. Aging Aggravates Cachexia in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010090. [PMID: 35008253 PMCID: PMC8750471 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cachexia is a deadly disease that accompanies many different types of cancers. Animal studies on cachexia have so far mostly been conducted using young mice, while cancer in humans is a disease of high age. Mouse models used to date may therefore not be suitable to study cachexia with relevance to patients. By comparing young and old mice of three different strains and two different tumor types, we here show that the age of mice has a substantial effect on cachexia progression (specifically body weight, tissue weight, fiber size, molecular markers) that is dependent on the mouse strain studied. This is independent of glucose tolerance. The cachexia markers IL6 and GDF15 differ between ages in both mice and patients. Future studies on cachexia should consider the age and strain of mice. Abstract Background: Cancer is primarily a disease of high age in humans, yet most mouse studies on cancer cachexia are conducted using young adolescent mice. Given that metabolism and muscle function change with age, we hypothesized that aging may affect cachexia progression in mouse models. Methods: We compare tumor and cachexia development in young and old mice of three different strains (C57BL/6J, C57BL/6N, BALB/c) and with two different tumor cell lines (Lewis Lung Cancer, Colon26). Tumor size, body and organ weights, fiber cross-sectional area, circulating cachexia biomarkers, and molecular markers of muscle atrophy and adipose tissue wasting are shown. We correlate inflammatory markers and body weight dependent on age in patients with cancer. Results: We note fundamental differences between mouse strains. Aging aggravates weight loss in LLC-injected C57BL/6J mice, drives it in C57BL/6N mice, and does not influence weight loss in C26-injected BALB/c mice. Glucose tolerance is unchanged in cachectic young and old mice. The stress marker GDF15 is elevated in cachectic BALB/c mice independent of age and increased in old C57BL/6N and J mice. Inflammatory markers correlate significantly with weight loss only in young mice and patients. Conclusions: Aging affects cachexia development and progression in mice in a strain-dependent manner and influences the inflammatory profile in both mice and patients. Age is an important factor to consider for future cachexia studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Geppert
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Alina A. Walth
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Raúl Terrón Expósito
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Doris Kaltenecker
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Pauline Morigny
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Juliano Machado
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Maike Becker
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Estefania Simoes
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (J.D.C.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Joanna D. C. C. Lima
- Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (J.D.C.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Carolin Daniel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, TUM School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (J.D.C.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Kumar V, Matai I, Kumar A, Sachdev A. GNP-CeO 2- polyaniline hybrid hydrogel for electrochemical detection of peroxynitrite anion and its integration in a microfluidic platform. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:436. [PMID: 34837536 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) is an important in vivo oxidative stress biomarker whose aberrant levels have pathophysiological implications. In this study, an electrochemical sensor for ONOO- detection was developed based on graphene nanoplatelets-cerium oxide nanocomposite (GNP-CeO2) incorporated polyaniline (PANI) conducting hydrogels. The nanocomposite-hydrogel platform exhibited distinct synergistic advantages in terms of large electroactive surface coverage and providing a conductive pathway for electron transfer. Besides, the 3D porous structure of hydrogel integrated the GNP-CeO2 nanocomposite to provide hybrid materials for the evolution of catalytic activity towards electrochemical oxidation of ONOO-. Various microscopic and spectroscopic characterization techniques endorsed the successful formation of GNP-CeO2-PANI hydrogel. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements of GNP-CeO2-PANI hydrogel modified screen-printed electrodes (SPE) were carried out to record the current changes influenced by ONOO-. The prepared sensor demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in CV peak current within a linear range of 5-100 µM (at a potential of 1.12 V), and a detection limit of 0.14 with a sensitivity of 29.35 ± 1.4 μA μM-1. Further, a customized microfluidic flow system was integrated with the GNP-CeO2-PANI hydrogel modified SPE to enable continuous electrochemical detection of ONOO- at low sample volumes. The developed microfluidic electrochemical device demonstrated an excellent sensitivity towards ONOO- under optimal experimental conditions. Overall, the fabricated microfluidic device with hybrid hydrogels as electrochemical interfaces provides a reliable assessment of ONOO- levels. This work offers considerable potential for understanding the oxidative stress-related disease mechanisms through determination of ONOO- in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayesh Kumar
- Materials Science & Sensor Application Division, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Ishita Matai
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University Punjab, Mohali, 140306, India.
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Sachdev
- Materials Science & Sensor Application Division, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh, 160030, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 211002, India.
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14
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Arneson-Wissink PC, Doles JD. Disrupted NOS2 metabolism drives myoblast response to wasting-associated cytokines. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112779. [PMID: 34428455 PMCID: PMC8440454 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting drives negative clinical outcomes and is associated with a spectrum of pathologies including cancer. Cancer cachexia is a multi-factorial syndrome that encompasses skeletal muscle wasting and remains understudied, despite being a frequent and serious co-morbidity. Deviation from the homeostatic balance between breakdown and regeneration leads to muscle wasting disorders, such as cancer cachexia. Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are the cellular compartment responsible for muscle regeneration, which makes MuSCs an intriguing target in the context of wasting muscle. Molecular studies investigating MuSCs and skeletal muscle wasting largely focus on transcriptional changes, but our group and others propose that metabolic changes are another layer of cellular regulation underlying MuSC dysfunction in cancer cachexia. In the present study, we combined gene expression and non-targeted metabolomic profiling of myoblasts exposed to wasting conditions (cancer cell conditioned media, CC-CM) to derive a more complete picture of the myoblast response to wasting factors. After mapping these features to annotated pathways, we found that more than half of the mapped pathways were amino acid-related, linking global amino acid metabolic disruption to conditioned media-induced myoblast defects. Notably, arginine metabolism was a highly enriched pathway in combined metabolomic and transcriptomic data. Arginine catabolism generates nitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule known to have negative effects on mature muscle. We hypothesize that tumor-derived disruptions in Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)2-regulated arginine catabolism impair differentiation of MuSCs. The work presented here further investigates the effect of NOS2 overactivity on myoblast proliferation and differentiation. We show that NOS2 inhibition is sufficient to rescue wasting phenotypes associated with inflammatory cytokines. Ultimately, this work provides new insights into MuSC biology and opens up potential therapeutic avenues for addressing disrupted MuSC dynamics in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige C Arneson-Wissink
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905 USA
| | - Jason D Doles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905 USA.,Corresponding Author: Jason D Doles, Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Guggenheim
16-11A1, Rochester, MN 55905, Tel: (507) 284-9372, Fax: (507) 284-3383,
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15
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Sadek J, Hall DT, Colalillo B, Omer A, Tremblay AK, Sanguin‐Gendreau V, Muller W, Di Marco S, Bianchi ME, Gallouzi I. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of iNOS prevents cachexia-mediated muscle wasting and its associated metabolism defects. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13591. [PMID: 34096686 PMCID: PMC8261493 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia syndrome develops in patients with diseases such as cancer and sepsis and is characterized by progressive muscle wasting. While iNOS is one of the main effectors of cachexia, its mechanism of action and whether it could be targeted for therapy remains unexplored. Here, we show that iNOS knockout mice and mice treated with the clinically tested iNOS inhibitor GW274150 are protected against muscle wasting in models of both septic and cancer cachexia. We demonstrate that iNOS triggers muscle wasting by disrupting mitochondrial content, morphology, and energy production processes such as the TCA cycle and acylcarnitine transport. Notably, iNOS inhibits oxidative phosphorylation through impairment of complexes II and IV of the electron transport chain and reduces ATP production, leading to energetic stress, activation of AMPK, suppression of mTOR, and, ultimately, muscle atrophy. Importantly, all these effects were reversed by GW274150. Therefore, our data establish how iNOS induces muscle wasting under cachectic conditions and provide a proof of principle for the repurposing of iNOS inhibitors, such as GW274150 for the treatment of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Sadek
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Derek T Hall
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell ResearchRegenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Bianca Colalillo
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Amr Omer
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Anne‐Marie K Tremblay
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Virginie Sanguin‐Gendreau
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - William Muller
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Marco Emilio Bianchi
- Division of Genetics and Cell BiologyChromatin Dynamics UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Imed‐Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- KAUST Smart‐Health Initiative and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)JeddahSaudi Arabia
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16
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Zheng Y, Liu T, Li Q, Li J. Integrated analysis of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNA expression profiles identifies lncRNA PRKG1-AS1 playing important roles in skeletal muscle aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15044-15060. [PMID: 34051073 PMCID: PMC8221296 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involving in the skeletal muscle aging process. Skeletal muscle samples from old and young subjects were collected for lncRNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DElncRNAs between young and old groups were identified and a co-expression network was built. Further, a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy cell model was established to characterize the function of a critical lncRNA. A total of 424 DEGs, including 271 upregulated genes and 153 downregulated genes as well as 152 DElncRNAs including 76 up-regulated and 76 down-regulated lncRNAs were obtained. Functional analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were significantly related to immune response. Coexpression network demonstrated lncRNA AC004797.1, PRKG1-AS1 and GRPC5D-AS1 were crucial lncRNAs. Their expressions were further validated by qRT-PCR in human skeletal muscle and the muscle atrophy cell model. Further in vitro analysis suggested that knock-down of PRKG1-AS1 could significantly increase cell viability and decrease cell apoptosis. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses demonstrated that knock-down of PRKG1-AS1 could increase the expression of MyoD, MyoG and Mef2c. This study demonstrated that lncRNAs of GPRC5D-AS1, AC004797.1 and PRKG1-AS1 might involve the aging-associated disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P.R. China
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Pancreatic cancer cachexia: three dimensions of a complex syndrome. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1623-1636. [PMID: 33742145 PMCID: PMC8110983 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that is characterised by a loss of skeletal muscle mass, is commonly associated with adipose tissue wasting and malaise, and responds poorly to therapeutic interventions. Although cachexia can affect patients who are severely ill with various malignant or non-malignant conditions, it is particularly common among patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer often leads to the development of cachexia through a combination of distinct factors, which, together, explain its high prevalence and clinical importance in this disease: systemic factors, including metabolic changes and pathogenic signals related to the tumour biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; factors resulting from the disruption of the digestive and endocrine functions of the pancreas; and factors related to the close anatomical and functional connection of the pancreas with the gut. In this review, we conceptualise the various insights into the mechanisms underlying pancreatic cancer cachexia according to these three dimensions to expose its particular complexity and the challenges that face clinicians in trying to devise therapeutic interventions.
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18
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Lithium Chloride Protects against Sepsis-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Cancer Cachexia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051017. [PMID: 33925786 PMCID: PMC8146089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle wasting occurs in patients with sepsis and cancer cachexia. Both conditions severely affect patient morbidity and mortality. Lithium chloride has previously been shown to enhance myogenesis and prevent certain forms of muscular dystrophy. However, to our knowledge, the effect of lithium chloride treatment on sepsis-induced muscle atrophy and cancer cachexia has not yet been investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of lithium chloride using in vitro and in vivo models of cancer cachexia and sepsis. Lithium chloride prevented wasting in myotubes cultured with cancer cell-conditioned media, maintained the expression of the muscle fiber contractile protein, myosin heavy chain 2, and inhibited the upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Atrogin-1. In addition, it inhibited the upregulation of inflammation-associated cytokines in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide. In the animal model of sepsis, lithium chloride treatment improved body weight, increased muscle mass, preserved the survival of larger fibers, and decreased the expression of muscle-wasting effector genes. In a model of cancer cachexia, lithium chloride increased muscle mass, enhanced muscle strength, and increased fiber cross-sectional area, with no significant effect on tumor mass. These results indicate that lithium chloride exerts therapeutic effects on inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle wasting, such as sepsis-induced muscle atrophy and cancer cachexia.
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19
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Pancreatic cancer induces muscle wasting by promoting the release of pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:432-445. [PMID: 33731895 PMCID: PMC8080719 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a highly debilitating condition characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting that contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of pancreatic cancer. The factors that induce cachexia in pancreatic cancer are largely unknown. We previously showed that pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) secreted by pancreatic cancer cells is responsible for tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we analyzed the relation between pancreatic cancer-derived PAUF and cancer cachexia in mice and its clinical significance. Body weight loss and muscle weight loss were significantly higher in mice with Panc-1/PAUF tumors than in those with Panc-1/Mock tumors. Direct administration of rPAUF to muscle recapitulated tumor-induced atrophy, and a PAUF-neutralizing antibody abrogated tumor-induced muscle wasting in Panc-1/PAUF tumor-bearing mice. C2C12 myotubes treated with rPAUF exhibited rapid inactivation of Akt-Foxo3a signaling, resulting in Atrogin1/MAFbx upregulation, myosin heavy chain loss, and muscle atrophy. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and body weight loss were significantly higher in pancreatic cancer patients with high PAUF expression than in those with low PAUF expression. Analysis of different pancreatic cancer datasets showed that PAUF expression was significantly higher in the pancreatic cancer group than in the nontumor group. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data found associations between high PAUF expression or a high DNA copy number and poor overall survival. Our data identified tumor-secreted circulating PAUF as a key factor of cachexia, causing muscle wasting in mice. Neutralizing PAUF may be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia.
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20
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Gorza L, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Master Regulators of Muscle Atrophy: Role of Costamere Components. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010061. [PMID: 33401549 PMCID: PMC7823551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and force characterizes muscle atrophy in several different conditions, which share the expression of atrogenes and the activation of their transcriptional regulators. However, attempts to antagonize muscle atrophy development in different experimental contexts by targeting contributors to the atrogene pathway showed partial effects in most cases. Other master regulators might independently contribute to muscle atrophy, as suggested by our recent evidence about the co-requirement of the muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin to inhibit unloading muscle atrophy development. Furthermore, melusin and other muscle mass regulators, such as nNOS, belong to costameres, the macromolecular complexes that connect sarcolemma to myofibrils and to the extracellular matrix, in correspondence with specific sarcomeric sites. Costameres sense a mechanical load and transduce it both as lateral force and biochemical signals. Recent evidence further broadens this classic view, by revealing the crucial participation of costameres in a sarcolemmal “signaling hub” integrating mechanical and humoral stimuli, where mechanical signals are coupled with insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor stimulation to regulate muscle mass. Therefore, this review aims to enucleate available evidence concerning the early involvement of costamere components and additional putative master regulators in the development of major types of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
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21
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Pascual-Fernández J, Fernández-Montero A, Córdova-Martínez A, Pastor D, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Roche E. Sarcopenia: Molecular Pathways and Potential Targets for Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228844. [PMID: 33266508 PMCID: PMC7700275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with sarcopenia. The loss of strength results in decreased muscle mass and motor function. This process accelerates the progressive muscle deterioration observed in older adults, favoring the presence of debilitating pathologies. In addition, sarcopenia leads to a decrease in quality of life, significantly affecting self-sufficiency. Altogether, these results in an increase in economic resources from the National Health Systems devoted to mitigating this problem in the elderly, particularly in developed countries. Different etiological determinants are involved in the progression of the disease, including: neurological factors, endocrine alterations, as well as nutritional and lifestyle changes related to the adoption of more sedentary habits. Molecular and cellular mechanisms have not been clearly characterized, resulting in the absence of an effective treatment for sarcopenia. Nevertheless, physical activity seems to be the sole strategy to delay sarcopenia and its symptoms. The present review intends to bring together the data explaining how physical activity modulates at a molecular and cellular level all factors that predispose or favor the progression of this deteriorating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Diego Pastor
- Department of Sport Sciences, University Miguel Hernández (Elche), 03202 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 3690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965222029
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22
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Antiseptic mouthwash, the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway, and hospital mortality: a hypothesis generating review. Intensive Care Med 2020; 47:28-38. [PMID: 33067640 PMCID: PMC7567004 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses and several large cohort studies have demonstrated that antiseptic mouthwashes are associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. A clear pathogenic mechanism is lacking, leading to controversy and a reluctance to abandon or limit the use of antiseptic mouthwashes. Here, we generate the hypothesis that a disturbance in nitric oxide homeostasis by antiseptic mouthwashes may be responsible for the observed increase in mortality risk. Nitric oxide is essential in multiple physiological processes, and a reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability is associated with the occurrence or worsening of pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and sepsis. Oral facultative anaerobic bacteria are essential for the enterosalivary nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway due to their capacity to reduce nitrate to nitrite. Nitrate originates from dietary sources or from the active uptake by salivary glands of circulating nitrate, which is then excreted in the saliva. Because antiseptic mouthwashes eradicate the oral bacterial flora, this nitric oxide-generating pathway is abolished, which may result in nitric oxide-deficient conditions potentially leading to life-threatening complications such as ischaemic heart events or sepsis.
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23
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Siqueira JM, de Oliveira ICL, Soares JDP, Pimentel GD. SARC-F has low correlation and reliability with skeletal muscle mass index in older gastrointestinal cancer patients. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:890-894. [PMID: 32907705 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The evaluation of function and muscle mass in older cancer patients is essential to reduce comorbidities. We hypothesized that Simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnose Sarcopenia (SARC-F) questionnaire is useful to assessment the muscle function, but not muscle mass. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation and reliability between the SARC-F and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in older gastrointestinal cancer patients. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study enrolled 108 (63.55 ± 8.9 y) gastrointestinal cancer patients. The patients were evaluated using the SARC-F questionnaire and the muscle mass index (SMI). SMI was calculated using Lee's equation: the appendicular muscle mass (ASM) was divided by height. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the correlation between SARC-F and SMI. The Bland-Altman plot and Cohen's kappa coefficient were used to determine the concordance and reliability between them. Statistical difference was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The Bland-Altman plot showed that the difference between methods were within agreement (±1.96; p = 0.001). However, SARC-F has low concordance (κ = 0.20; standard error = 0.14) and correlation (r = -0.303; p = 0.0014) with SMI. CONCLUSION In older cancer outpatients, we found that SARC-F has low correlation and reliability with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssika M Siqueira
- Laboratory of Research in Clinical Nutrition and Sports (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Izabella C L de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Research in Clinical Nutrition and Sports (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jéssika D P Soares
- Laboratory of Research in Clinical Nutrition and Sports (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D Pimentel
- Laboratory of Research in Clinical Nutrition and Sports (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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24
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Sharma B, Dabur R. Role of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: A Systematic Review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2161-2188. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181129095309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Metabolic pathways perturbations lead to skeletal muscular atrophy in the
cachexia and sarcopenia due to increased catabolism. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the catabolic
pathways that impair the muscle integrity and function. Hence, this review primarily concentrates
on the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism.
Objective:
This review will discuss the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscles during
muscle wasting conditions. Moreover, the coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines
and their regulated molecular signaling pathways which increase the protein degradation will be
discussed.
Results:
During normal conditions, pro-inflammatory cytokines are required to balance anabolism
and catabolism and to maintain normal myogenesis process. However, during muscle wasting their
enhanced expression leads to marked destructive metabolism in the skeletal muscles. Proinflammatory
cytokines primarily exert their effects by increasing the expression of calpains and E3
ligases as well as of Nf-κB, required for protein breakdown and local inflammation. Proinflammatory
cytokines also locally suppress the IGF-1and insulin functions, hence increase the
FoxO activation and decrease the Akt function, the central point of carbohydrates lipid and protein
metabolism.
Conclusion:
Current advancements have revealed that the muscle mass loss during skeletal muscular
atrophy is multifactorial. Despite great efforts, not even a single FDA approved drug is available
in the market. It indicates the well-organized coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines
that need to be further understood and explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
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25
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Mubaid S, Ma JF, Omer A, Ashour K, Lian XJ, Sanchez BJ, Robinson S, Cammas A, Dormoy-Raclet V, Di Marco S, Chittur SV, Tenenbaum SA, Gallouzi IE. HuR counteracts miR-330 to promote STAT3 translation during inflammation-induced muscle wasting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17261-17270. [PMID: 31405989 PMCID: PMC6717253 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905172116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Debilitating cancer-induced muscle wasting, a syndrome known as cachexia, is lethal. Here we report a posttranscriptional pathway involving the RNA-binding protein HuR as a key player in the onset of this syndrome. Under these conditions, HuR switches its function from a promoter of muscle fiber formation to become an inducer of muscle loss. HuR binds to the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) mRNA, which encodes one of the main effectors of this condition, promoting its expression both in vitro and in vivo. While HuR does not affect the stability and the cellular movement of this transcript, HuR promotes the translation of the STAT3 mRNA by preventing miR-330 (microRNA 330)-mediated translation inhibition. To achieve this effect, HuR directly binds to a U-rich element in the STAT3 mRNA-3'untranslated region (UTR) located within the vicinity of the miR-330 seed element. Even though the binding sites of HuR and miR-330 do not overlap, the recruitment of either one of them to the STAT3-3'UTR negatively impacts the binding and the function of the other factor. Therefore, together, our data establish the competitive interplay between HuR and miR-330 as a mechanism via which muscle fibers modulate, in part, STAT3 expression to determine their fate in response to promoters of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Mubaid
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jennifer F Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Amr Omer
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kholoud Ashour
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Xian J Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Brenda J Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Samantha Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Anne Cammas
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Dormoy-Raclet
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- College of Nanoscale Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203
- College of Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203
| | - Scott A Tenenbaum
- College of Nanoscale Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203
- College of Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
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26
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Kobayashi J, Uchida H, Kofuji A, Ito J, Shimizu M, Kim H, Sekiguchi Y, Kushibe S. Molecular regulation of skeletal muscle mass and the contribution of nitric oxide: A review. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:364-374. [PMID: 32123839 PMCID: PMC6996321 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of internal and external factors such as exercise, nutrition, inflammation, and cancer-associated cachexia affect the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. Because skeletal muscle functions as a crucial regulator of whole body metabolism, rather than just as a motor for locomotion, the enhancement and maintenance of muscle mass and function are required to maintain health and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with diseases involving muscle wasting. Recent studies in this field have made tremendous progress; therefore, identification of the mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle mass is necessary for the physical and nutritional management of both athletes and patients with muscle wasting disease. In this review, we present an overall picture of the interactions regulating skeletal muscle mass, particularly focusing on the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)/insulin-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, skeletal muscle inactivity, and endurance and resistance exercise. We also discuss the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the regulation of skeletal muscle mass based on the current knowledge of the novel role of NO in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Ayaka Kofuji
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Junta Ito
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Maki Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Hyounju Kim
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Yusuke Sekiguchi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Seiji Kushibe
- Department of Management, Faculty of ManagementJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
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27
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Hall DT, Griss T, Ma JF, Sanchez BJ, Sadek J, Tremblay AMK, Mubaid S, Omer A, Ford RJ, Bedard N, Pause A, Wing SS, Di Marco S, Steinberg GR, Jones RG, Gallouzi IE. The AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), but not metformin, prevents inflammation-associated cachectic muscle wasting. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708307. [PMID: 29844217 PMCID: PMC6034131 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of AMPK has been associated with pro-atrophic signaling in muscle. However, AMPK also has anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting that in cachexia, a syndrome of inflammatory-driven muscle wasting, AMPK activation could be beneficial. Here we show that the AMPK agonist AICAR suppresses IFNγ/TNFα-induced atrophy, while the mitochondrial inhibitor metformin does not. IFNγ/TNFα impair mitochondrial oxidative respiration in myotubes and promote a metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis, similarly to metformin. In contrast, AICAR partially restored metabolic function. The effects of AICAR were prevented by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C and were reproduced with A-769662, a specific AMPK activator. AICAR and A-769662 co-treatment was found to be synergistic, suggesting that the anti-cachectic effects of these drugs are mediated through AMPK activation. AICAR spared muscle mass in mouse models of cancer and LPS induced atrophy. Together, our findings suggest a dual function for AMPK during inflammation-driven atrophy, wherein it can play a protective role when activated exogenously early in disease progression, but may contribute to anabolic suppression and atrophy when activated later through mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Takla Griss
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer F Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brenda Janice Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Marie K Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Souad Mubaid
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amr Omer
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bedard
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon S Wing
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell G Jones
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada .,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, College of Sciences and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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28
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Endogenous CSE/Hydrogen Sulfide System Regulates the Effects of Glucocorticoids and Insulin on Muscle Protein Synthesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9752698. [PMID: 31089421 PMCID: PMC6476024 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9752698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims Insulin and glucocorticoids play crucial roles in skeletal muscle protein turnover. Fast-twitch glycolytic fibres are more susceptible to atrophy than slow-twitch oxidative fibres. Based on accumulating evidence, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a physiological mediator of this process. The regulatory effect of H2S on protein synthesis in fast-twitch fibres was evaluated. Results A NaHS (sodium hydrosulfide) injection simultaneously increased the diameter of M. pectoralis major (i.e., fast-twitch glycolytic fibres) and activated the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) pathway. Dexamethasone (DEX) inhibited protein synthesis, downregulated mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation, and suppressed the expression of the cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) protein in myoblasts. The precursor of H2S, L-cysteine, completely abolished the inhibitory effects of DEX. The CSE inhibitor DL-propargylglycine (PAG) completely abrogated the effects of RU486 on blocking the suppressive effects of DEX. The H2S donor NaHS increased the H2S concentrations and abrogated the inhibitory effects of DEX on protein synthesis. Insulin increased protein synthesis and upregulated CSE expression. However, PAG abrogated the stimulatory effects of insulin on protein synthesis and the activity of the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Innovation These results demonstrated that CSE/H2S regulated protein synthesis in fast-twitch muscle fibres, and glucocorticoids and insulin regulated protein synthesis in an endogenous CSE/H2S system-dependent manner. Conclusions The results from the present study suggest that the endogenous CSE/H2S system regulates fast-twitch glycolytic muscle degeneration and regeneration.
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29
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30
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Cramer Z, Sadek J, Vazquez GG, Di Marco S, Pause A, Pelletier J, Gallouzi IE. eIF4A inhibition prevents the onset of cytokine-induced muscle wasting by blocking the STAT3 and iNOS pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8414. [PMID: 29849089 PMCID: PMC5976662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a deadly muscle wasting syndrome that arises under conditions linked to chronic inflammation, such as cancer. Cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and their downstream effectors such as Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), have been shown to play a prominent role in muscle wasting. Previously, we demonstrated that Pateamine A (PatA), a compound that targets eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), could prevent muscle wasting by modulating the translation of the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) mRNA. Here we show that hippuristanol, a compound that impedes eIF4A in a manner distinct from PatA, similarly inhibits the iNOS/NO pathway and cytokine-induced muscle wasting. Furthermore, we show that hippuristanol perturbs the activation of the STAT3 pathway and expression of STAT3-gene targets such as IL-6. The decreased activation of STAT3, which resulted from a decrease in STAT3 protein expression, was due to the inhibition of STAT3 translation as there were no changes in STAT3 mRNA levels. These effects are likely dependent on the inhibition of eIF4A activity since we observed similar results using PatA. Our results identify the inhibition of eIF4A-responsive transcripts, such as STAT3, as a viable approach to alleviate cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Cramer
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason Sadek
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriela Galicia Vazquez
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), College of Science and Engineering, Life Sciences Division, Education City, Doha, PB, 5825, Qatar.
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31
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Fenton SAM, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Duda JL, Metsios GS, Kitas GD. Sedentary behaviour in rheumatoid arthritis: definition, measurement and implications for health. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:213-226. [PMID: 28398519 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by high grade-inflammation, and associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, rheumatoid-cachexia and functional impairment. Sedentary behaviour (SB) is linked to heightened inflammation, and is highly pervasive in RA, likely as a result of compromised physical function and persistent fatigue. This high sedentarity may exacerbate the inflammatory process in RA, and hold relevance for disease-related outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the definition, measurement and health relevance of SB in the context of RA. Contradictions are highlighted with regard to the manner in which SB is operationalized, and the significance of SB for disease outcomes in RA is outlined. The advantages and disadvantages of SB measurement approaches are also discussed. Against this background, we summarize studies that have reported SB and its health correlates in RA, and propose directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A M Fenton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - Joan L Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - George S Metsios
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - George D Kitas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
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32
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Xu T, Yang X, Wu C, Qiu J, Fang Q, Wang L, Yu S, Sun H. Pyrroloquinoline quinone attenuates cachexia-induced muscle atrophy via suppression of reactive oxygen species. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2752-2759. [PMID: 29997937 PMCID: PMC6006103 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, a wasting syndrome, is most commonly observed in individuals with advanced cancer including lung cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, etc. The characteristic sign of cachexia is muscle atrophy. To date, effective countermeasures have been still deficiency to alleviate muscle atrophy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulators of muscle atrophy. Therefore, the effects of a naturally antioxidant, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), were explored on muscle atrophy induced by cachexia in the present study. METHODS Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced C2C12 myotubes atrophy model was constructed. The atrophied C2C12 myotubes were dealt with the presence or absence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, an antioxidant for ROS abolition) (5 mM) or PQQ (80 µM) for 24 hours. ROS content was determined by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. The diameter of myotubes was analyzed by myosin heavy chain (MHC) staining. The protein levels of MHC, muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) in each group were observed by Western blotting. RESULTS First, ROS generation was enhanced in C2C12 myotubes treated with TNF-α. NAC treatments significantly avoided the reduction in the diameter of C2C12 myotubes, and concomitantly increased MHC levels, and decreased ROS contents, MuRF1 and MAFbx levels. These data suggested that the increased ROS induced by TNF-α might play a central role in muscle wasting. PQQ (a naturally occurring antioxidant) administration inhibited C2C12 myotubes atrophy induced by TNF-α, as evidenced by the increase of the diameter of C2C12 myotubes, together with increased MHC levels and decreased ROS, MAFbx and MuRF-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS PQQ resists atrophic effect dependent on, at least in part, decreased ROS in skeletal muscle treated with TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Xu
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Changyue Wu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiaying Qiu
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qingqing Fang
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lingbin Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shu Yu
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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L-Arginine Enhances Protein Synthesis by Phosphorylating mTOR (Thr 2446) in a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Manner in C2C12 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7569127. [PMID: 29854093 PMCID: PMC5944195 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7569127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy may arise from many factors such as inactivity, malnutrition, and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the stimulatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) on muscle protein synthesis. Primarily, C2C12 cells were supplied with extra L-arginine (L-Arg) in the culture media. L-Arg supplementation increased the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the rate of protein synthesis, and the phosphorylation of mTOR (Thr 2446) and p70S6K (Thr 389). L-NAME, an NOS inhibitor, decreased NO concentrations within cells and abolished the stimulatory effect of L-Arg on protein synthesis and the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K. In contrast, SNP (sodium nitroprusside), an NO donor, increased NO concentrations, enhanced protein synthesis, and upregulated mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation, regardless of L-NAME treatment. Blocking mTOR with rapamycin abolished the stimulatory effect of both L-Arg and SNP on protein synthesis and p70S6K phosphorylation. These results indicate that L-Arg stimulates protein synthesis via the activation of the mTOR (Thr 2446)/p70S6K signaling pathway in an NO-dependent manner.
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Ma JF, Sanchez BJ, Hall DT, Tremblay AMK, Di Marco S, Gallouzi IE. STAT3 promotes IFNγ/TNFα-induced muscle wasting in an NF-κB-dependent and IL-6-independent manner. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:622-637. [PMID: 28264935 PMCID: PMC5412921 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by involuntary muscle wasting that is triggered at the late stage of many cancers. While the multifactorial nature of this syndrome and the implication of cytokines such as IL‐6, IFNγ, and TNFα is well established, we still do not know how various effector pathways collaborate together to trigger muscle atrophy. Here, we show that IFNγ/TNFα promotes the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Y705 residue in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers by activating JAK kinases. Unexpectedly, this effect occurs both in vitro and in vivo independently of IL‐6, which is considered as one of the main triggers of STAT3‐mediated muscle wasting. pY‐STAT3 forms a complex with NF‐κB that is rapidly imported to the nucleus where it is recruited to the promoter of the iNos gene to activate the iNOS/NO pathway, a well‐known downstream effector of IFNγ/TNFα‐induced muscle loss. Together, these findings show that STAT3 and NF‐κB respond to the same upstream signal and cooperate to promote the expression of pro‐cachectic genes, the identification of which could provide effective targets to combat this deadly syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brenda J Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Derek T Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie K Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada .,Life Sciences Division, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Doha, Qatar
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35
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Significance of sarcopenia as a prognostic factor for metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients treated with systemic chemotherapy. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 23:338-346. [PMID: 29098519 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, numerous studies have reported an association between sarcopenia and poor outcomes in various kinds of malignancies. We investigated whether sarcopenia predicts the survival of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who underwent systemic chemotherapy. METHODS We reviewed 87 metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients who underwent chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin or gemcitabine plus carboplatin for cisplatin-unfit patients) between 2007 and 2015. A computed tomography scan prior to chemotherapy was used for evaluating sarcopenia, and we measured three cross-sectional areas of skeletal muscle at the third lumbar vertebra and calculated the skeletal muscle index (SMI), the paraspinal muscle index (PSMI), and the total psoas area (TPA) of each patient. Predictive values of survival were assessed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The median overall survival (OS) was 16 months (95% CI 13.5-18). Although SMI alone was not a significant predictor of shorter OS (P = 0.117) in univariate analysis, SMI stratified by the value of the body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor of shorter OS in univariate analysis (P = 0.037) and was also an independent predictor of shorter OS in multivariate analysis (P = 0.026). PSMI and TPA were not significant prognostic factors even when stratified by BMI (P = 0.294 and 0.448), respectively. CONCLUSION Neither PSMI nor TPA could substitute SMI as a predictor for poor outcomes in metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients treated with systemic chemotherapy in our study. SMI stratified by BMI is a useful predictor of prognosis in these patients.
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Pasolini MP, Pagano TB, Costagliola A, Biase DD, Lamagna B, Auletta L, Fatone G, Greco M, Coluccia P, Vincenzo V, Pirozzi C, Raso GM, Santoro P, Manna G, Papparella S, Paciello O. Inflammatory Myopathy in Horses With Chronic Piroplasmosis. Vet Pathol 2017; 55:133-143. [PMID: 28718360 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817716262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Horses affected by chronic piroplasmosis may develop poor performance and muscle atrophy. Here we investigate the pathological and immunopathological aspects of myopathy occurring in chronic equine piroplasmosis. The study included 16 horses serologically positive for equine piroplasms presenting with clinical signs and supporting serum biochemical evidence of a myopathy. Skeletal muscle was evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, indirect immunofluorescence, and molecular detection of piroplasms and inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle. Histologic lesions included muscle fiber atrophy (100% of cases), degenerative changes (13/16, 81%), and perivascular perimysial and endomysial lymphocytic infiltrates (81% of cases). In 15 cases (94%), muscle fibers had strong immunostaining for major histocompatibility complex classes I and II. T lymphocyte populations were mainly CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+ in equal proportions, with a lower number of CD79α+ cells. The serum from affected horses was tested by indirect immunofluorescence for binding of IgG, IgM, or IgA to sections of normal equine muscle to detect circulating autoantibodies against muscle antigen(s). In all cases, distinct sarcolemmal staining was detected in sections incubated with serum from affected horses, in contrast to sections incubated with phosphate-buffered saline or equine control sera. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of muscles from affected animals revealed a significant increase of interferon-γ, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression compared to healthy controls. Theileria equi or Babesia caballi was not detected in samples of affected muscle by RT-PCR. Thus, inflammatory myopathy associated with equine piroplasmosis may involve an autoimmune pathogenesis with upregulation of inflammatory cytokines that may cause myofiber atrophy and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Pasolini
- 1 Unit of Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa B Pagano
- 2 Unit of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Costagliola
- 2 Unit of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- 2 Unit of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Lamagna
- 1 Unit of Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Fatone
- 1 Unit of Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Greco
- 1 Unit of Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coluccia
- 1 Unit of Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Veneziano Vincenzo
- 3 Unit of Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Manna
- 6 National Reference Centre for Equine Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale "M. Aleandri," Rome, Italy
| | - Serenella Papparella
- 2 Unit of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- 2 Unit of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Lee YM, Kim OS. Jaeumganghwa-Tang, a traditional herbal formula, improves muscle function and attenuates muscle loss in aged mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2017; 21:48-53. [PMID: 28712265 PMCID: PMC5508054 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Jaeumganghwa-Tang (JGT), a traditional herbal formula composed of 12 medicinal herbs, is used for the treatment of age-related diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of JGT on muscle mass and function in aged mice. METHODS Young (5-month-old) and old (19-month-old) male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups each; one group received JGT (75 mg/d) and the other group received the vehicle for 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, muscle strength was examined using the wire hang test, and the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles were weighed. Muscle samples were further used for histological analysis to assess muscle damage, and the expression of transforming growth factor-beta was investigated via western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our results showed that treatment of old mice with JGT improved muscle strength, increased skeletal muscle mass, alleviated muscle damage, and suppressed intramuscular expression of transforming growth factor-beta. CONCLUSION In conclusion, JGT has beneficial effects on age-related loss of muscle mass and function. Thus, it might serve as a potential therapeutic agent for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Mi Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Ohn Soon Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, DaejeonRepublic of Korea
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38
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Li TH, Lee PC, Lee KC, Hsieh YC, Tsai CY, Yang YY, Huang SF, Tsai TH, Hsieh SL, Hou MC, Lin HC, Lee SD. Down-regulation of common NFκB-iNOS pathway by chronic Thalidomide treatment improves Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Muscle Wasting in rats with Biliary Cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39405. [PMID: 28009008 PMCID: PMC5180197 DOI: 10.1038/srep39405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide can modulate the TNFα-NFκB and iNOS pathway, which involve in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and muscle wasting in cirrhosis. In bile duct ligated-cirrhotic rats, the increased circulating CD16+ (inflammatory) monocytes and its intracellular TNFα, NFκB, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) and iNOS levels were associated with increased circulating MCP-1/soluable intercellular cell adehesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), pulmonary TNFα/NOx, up-regulated M1 polarization, exacerbated angiogenesis and hypoxemia (increased AaPO2) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and pulmonary homogenates. Meanwhile, a significant correlation was noted between circulating CD16+ monocyte/M1 (%) macrophages in BAL; M1 (%) macrophages in BAL/pulmonary iNOS mRNA expression; pulmonary iNOS mRNA expression/relative pulmonary MVD; pulmonary NOx level/AaPO2; circulating CD16+ monocyte/M1 (%) macrophages in muscle homogenates; 3-nitrotyrosine (representative of peroxynitrite) concentration/M1 (%) macrophages in muscle homogenates. The in vitro data demonstrated an iNOS-dependent inhibition of thalidomide on the TNFα-stimulated angiogenesis and myogenesis in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and C2C12 myoblasts. Significantly, the co-culture of CD16+ monocyte from different rats with HPAECs, or co-culture of supernatant of above mixed cultures with HPAECs or C2C12 myoblasts stimulated angiogenesis, migration and myogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that TNFα inhibitor thalidomide markedly diminishes the severity of experimental HPS and muscle wasting by down-regulation of common peripheral and local NFκB-iNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Li
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 600, Sec. 2, Shixian Rd., West District, Chiayi City, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Fen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Infection Diseases, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Dong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Cheng Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Cheng Hsin St., Beitou District, Taipei
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Leite JSM, Cruzat VF, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-016-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Otsuji H, Yokoyama Y, Ebata T, Igami T, Sugawara G, Mizuno T, Yamaguchi J, Nagino M. Surgery-Related Muscle Loss and Its Association with Postoperative Complications After Major Hepatectomy with Extrahepatic Bile Duct Resection. World J Surg 2016; 41:498-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-016-3732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Roy B, Curtis ME, Fears LS, Nahashon SN, Fentress HM. Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis and Muscle Atrophy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:439. [PMID: 27746742 PMCID: PMC5040721 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and osteoporosis are two alarming health disorders prominent among middle and old age populations, and the numbers of those affected by these two disorders are increasing. It is estimated that more than 600 million adults are obese and over 200 million people have osteoporosis worldwide. Interestingly, both of these abnormalities share some common features including a genetic predisposition, and a common origin: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Obesity is characterized by the expression of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), growth hormone (GH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), angiotensin II (Ang II), 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), Advance glycation end products (AGE), and myostatin, which exert their effects by modulating the signaling pathways within bone and muscle. Chemical messengers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, AGE, leptins) that are upregulated or downregulated as a result of obesity have been shown to act as negative regulators of osteoblasts, osteocytes and muscles, as well as positive regulators of osteoclasts. These additive effects of obesity ultimately increase the risk for osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. The aim of this review is to identify the potential cellular mechanisms through which obesity may facilitate osteoporosis, muscle atrophy and bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipradas Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary E Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Letimicia S Fears
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel N Nahashon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hugh M Fentress
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
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Alterations in inflammatory biomarkers and energy intake in cancer cachexia: a prospective study in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. Med Oncol 2016; 33:54. [PMID: 27119533 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammatory response is proposed as an underlying mechanism for development of cancer cachexia. We conducted a prospective study to examine changes in inflammatory biomarkers during the disease course and the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and cachexia in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. Twenty patients, median (range) age 67.5 (35-79) years, 5 females, were followed for median 5.5 (1-12) months. Cachexia was diagnosed according to the 2011 consensus-based classification system (weight loss >5 % past six months, BMI < 20 kg/m(2) and weight loss >2 %, or sarcopenia) and the modified Glasgow Prognostic score (mGPS) that combines CRP and albumin levels. Inflammatory biomarkers were measured by enzyme immunoassays. The patients had increased levels of most inflammatory biomarkers, albeit not all statistically significant, both at study entry and close to death, indicating ongoing inflammation. According to the consensus-based classification system, eleven (55 %) patients were classified as cachectic upon inclusion. They did not differ from non-cachectic patients with regard to inflammatory biomarkers or energy intake. According to the mGPS, seven (35 %) were defined as cachectic and had a higher IL-6 (p < 0.001) than the non-cachectic patients. They also had a slightly, but insignificantly longer survival than non-cachectic patients (p = 0.08). The mGPS should be considered as an additional framework for identification of cancer cachexia.
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43
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Costagliola A, Wojcik S, Pagano TB, De Biase D, Russo V, Iovane V, Grieco E, Papparella S, Paciello O. Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle of Cattle. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:436-46. [PMID: 26869152 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815624495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, is a multifactorial condition that represents a major healthcare concern for the elderly population. Although its morphologic features have been extensively studied in humans, animal models, and domestic and wild animals, only a few reports about spontaneous sarcopenia exist in other long-lived animals. In this work, muscle samples from 60 healthy Podolica-breed old cows (aged 15-23 years) were examined and compared with muscle samples from 10 young cows (3-6 years old). Frozen sections were studied through standard histologic and histoenzymatic procedures, as well as by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. The most prominent age-related myopathic features seen in the studied material included angular fiber atrophy (90% of cases), mitochondrial alterations (ragged red fibers, 70%; COX-negative fibers, 60%), presence of vacuolated fibers (75%), lymphocytic (predominantly CD8+) inflammation (40%), and type II selective fiber atrophy (40%). Immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex I in 36 cases (60%) and sarcoplasmic accumulations of β-amyloid precursor protein-positive material in 18 cases (30%). In aged cows, muscle atrophy was associated with accumulation of myostatin. Western blot analysis indicated increased amount of both proteins-myostatin and β-amyloid precursor protein-in muscles of aged animals compared with controls. These findings confirm the presence of age-related morphologic changes in cows similar to human sarcopenia and underline the possible role of amyloid deposition and subsequent inflammation in muscle senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Costagliola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Wojcik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - T B Pagano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - D De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - V Russo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - V Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - E Grieco
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Papparella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - O Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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44
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Hafner P, Bonati U, Erne B, Schmid M, Rubino D, Pohlman U, Peters T, Rutz E, Frank S, Neuhaus C, Deuster S, Gloor M, Bieri O, Fischmann A, Sinnreich M, Gueven N, Fischer D. Improved Muscle Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy through L-Arginine and Metformin: An Investigator-Initiated, Open-Label, Single-Center, Proof-Of-Concept-Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147634. [PMID: 26799743 PMCID: PMC4723144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered neuronal nitric oxide synthase function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy leads to impaired mitochondrial function which is thought to be one cause of muscle damage in this disease. The study tested if increased intramuscular nitric oxide concentration can improve mitochondrial energy metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a novel therapeutic approach through the combination of L-arginine with metformin. Five ambulatory, genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients aged between 7–10 years were treated with L-arginine (3 x 2.5 g/d) and metformin (2 x 250 mg/d) for 16 weeks. Treatment effects were assessed using mitochondrial protein expression analysis in muscular biopsies, indirect calorimetry, Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, quantitative thigh muscle MRI, and clinical scores of muscle performance. There were no serious side effects and no patient dropped out. Muscle biopsy results showed pre-treatment a significantly reduced mitochondrial protein expression and increased oxidative stress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients compared to controls. Post-treatment a significant elevation of proteins of the mitochondrial electron transport chain was observed as well as a reduction in oxidative stress. Treatment also decreased resting energy expenditure rates and energy substrate use shifted from carbohydrates to fatty acids. These changes were associated with improved clinical scores. In conclusion pharmacological stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway leads to improved mitochondria function and clinically a slowing of disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study shall lead to further development of this novel therapeutic approach into a real alternative for Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hafner
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Bonati
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Erne
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Schmid
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Rubino
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Pohlman
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peters
- Interdisciplinary Center of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, St. Claraspital, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Rutz
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Neuhaus
- Therapy Department, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Deuster
- Hospital Pharmacy, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Gloor
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Physics, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Physics, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne Fischmann
- Division of Neuroradiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nuri Gueven
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Ghrelin Actions on Somatotropic and Gonadotropic Function in Humans. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 138:3-25. [PMID: 26940384 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, a 28 amino-acid octanoylated peptide predominantly produced by the stomach, was discovered to be the natural ligand of the type 1a GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). It was thus considered as a natural GHS additional to GHRH, although later on ghrelin has mostly been considered a major orexigenic factor. The GH-releasing action of ghrelin takes place both directly on pituitary cells and through modulation of GHRH from the hypothalamus; some functional antisomatostatin action has also been shown. However, ghrelin is much more than a natural GH secretagogue. In fact, it also modulates lactotroph and corticotroph secretion in humans as well as in animals and plays a relevant role in the modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function. Several studies have indicated that ghrelin plays an inhibitory effect on gonadotropin pulsatility, is involved in the regulation of puberty onset in animals, and may regulate spermatogenesis, follicular development and ovarian cell functions in humans. In this chapter ghrelin actions on the GH/IGF-I and the gonadal axes will be revised. The potential therapeutic role of ghrelin as a treatment of catabolic conditions will also be discussed.
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Ham DJ, Gleeson BG, Chee A, Baum DM, Caldow MK, Lynch GS, Koopman R. L-Citrulline Protects Skeletal Muscle Cells from Cachectic Stimuli through an iNOS-Dependent Mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141572. [PMID: 26513461 PMCID: PMC4625972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary L-citrulline is thought to modulate muscle protein turnover by increasing L-arginine availability. To date, the direct effects of increased L-citrulline concentrations in muscle have been completely neglected. Therefore, we determined the role of L-citrulline in regulating cell size during catabolic conditions by depriving mature C2C12 myotubes of growth factors (serum free; SF) or growth factors and nutrients (HEPES buffered saline; HBS). Cells were treated with L-citrulline or equimolar concentrations of L-arginine (positive control) or L-alanine (negative control) and changes in cell size and protein turnover were assessed. In myotubes incubated in HBS or SF media, L-citrulline improved rates of protein synthesis (HBS: +63%, SF: +37%) and myotube diameter (HBS: +18%, SF: +29%). L-citrulline treatment substantially increased iNOS mRNA expression (SF: 350%, HBS: 750%). The general NOS inhibitor L-NAME and the iNOS specific inhibitor aminoguanidine prevented these effects in both models. Depriving myotubes in SF media of L-arginine or L-leucine, exacerbated wasting which was not attenuated by L-citrulline. The increased iNOS mRNA expression was temporally associated with increases in mRNA of the endogenous antioxidants SOD1, SOD3 and catalase. Furthermore, L-citrulline prevented inflammation (LPS) and oxidative stress (H2O2) induced muscle cell wasting. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel direct protective effect of L-citrulline on skeletal muscle cell size independent of L-arginine that is mediated through induction of the inducible NOS (iNOS) isoform. This discovery of a nutritional modulator of iNOS mRNA expression in skeletal muscle cells could have substantial implications for the treatment of muscle wasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Ham
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin G. Gleeson
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale M. Baum
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marissa K. Caldow
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon S. Lynch
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - René Koopman
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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47
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Paes LDS, Borges JP, dos Santos FM, de Oliveira TP, Dupin JG, Harris EA, Farinatti P. Effects of a 2-Year Supervised Exercise Program Upon the Body Composition and Muscular Performance of HIV-Infected Patients. Open AIDS J 2015; 9:80-8. [PMID: 26587076 PMCID: PMC4645897 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601509010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of research investigating long-term effects of exercise training upon the body composition and muscle function in HIV-infected patients (PHIV). The study investigated the influence of a 2-year supervised exercise program on body composition and strength of PHIV under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS A training program including aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises was performed by 27 PHIV (17 men/ 10 women; age: 48.7±7.0 years; HAART: 150.7±65.3 months) during 1 year and 18 PHIV (10 men/ 8 women; age: 50.6±5.2 years; HAART: 176.6±53.1 months) during 2 years. Body composition and knee isokinetic strength were assessed at baseline and at the end of each year of intervention. RESULTS Body composition remained stable along the whole experiment vs baseline (1-year - total muscle mass: Δ men=1.1%, P=0.21; Δ women=1.4%, P=0.06; trunk fat: Δ men=-0.1%, P=0.65; Δ women=-1.5%, P=0.45; 2 years - total muscle mass: Δ men=2.7%, P=0.54; Δ women=-1.9%, P=0.71; trunk fat: Δ men=4.4%, P=0.96; Δ women=10.0%, P=0.30). After 1-year, peak torque increased in men (Δ extension=4.2%, P=0.01; Δ flexion=12.2%, P=0.04) and total work reduced in women (Δ extension=-15.4%, P=0.01, Δ flexion=-17.5%, P=0.05). All strength markers remained stable vs baseline after 2 years of intervention (P>0.05). Only men showed significant reduction in the risk of disability due to sarcopenia (P=0.05) after 1 year of intervention, which remained stable after 2 years. CONCLUSION Long-term exercise training preserved strength and muscle mass in PHIV under HAART. Exercise programs should be part of HIV therapy to prevent sarcopenia of this population along the years. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12610000683033; UTN U1111-1116-4416.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena da Silva Paes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Monteiro dos Santos
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Taciana Pinto de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaciara Gomes Dupin
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Assumpção Harris
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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48
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De Lerma Barbaro A. The complex liaison between cachexia and tumor burden (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1635-49. [PMID: 26239384 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a wasting syndrome that afflicts end-stage cancer patients. Whereas a consensus statement for a definition of cachexia recently has been accomplished, a useful measurement for this condition at present is lacking. The aim of the present review is to discuss the advantage of introducing the measurement of tumor burden for a better overall evaluation of cachexia. Our suggestion ensues from a somewhat novel perspective in the field of infectious disease research where a careful measurement of the pathogen load, between i.e. different host genotypes, leads to the definition of the concept of tolerance to the infectious insult. Indeed tolerance concurs, together the more classical resistance, in maintaining the host reproductive fitness or health state. Noticeably a similar reasoning may apply to tumor biology as well. Whereas the extent of cachexia increases with tumor burden, the relationship between these two correlates of tumor progression fluctuates in a broad range. We have selected from the literature studies in the rodent model where significant variation in the course of the wasting illness during cancer was observed and quantitatively assessed comparing experimental groups marked by different genotype, drug treatment, diet or gender. These studies may be further classified in two categories: the former where the experimental condition associated to milder cachexia is accompanied to a lesser tumor burden, the latter where the inhibition of cachexia results disentangled from the tumor burden, that is the whole number of cancer cells results unchanged or even, paradoxically, is increased. In addition we survey, even in the context of human malignancy, the significance and feasibility of plotting quantitative estimates of cachexia against the whole tumor burden. Ultimately, the principal endeavor of introducing the measurement of tumor burden, in both experimental and clinical oncology, may be to achieve a better assessment of the inter-individual variation in the host vulnerability to cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Lerma Barbaro
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
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49
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Kim J, Kim KM, Noh JH, Yoon JH, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Long noncoding RNAs in diseases of aging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1859:209-21. [PMID: 26141605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a process during which progressive deteriorating of cells, tissues, and organs over time lead to loss of function, disease, and death. Towards the goal of extending human health span, there is escalating interest in understanding the mechanisms that govern aging-associated pathologies. Adequate regulation of expression of coding and noncoding genes is critical for maintaining organism homeostasis and preventing disease processes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulators of gene expression at all levels--transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational. In this review, we discuss our emerging understanding of lncRNAs implicated in aging illnesses. We focus on diseases arising from age-driven impairment in energy metabolism (obesity, diabetes), the declining capacity to respond homeostatically to proliferative and damaging stimuli (cancer, immune dysfunction), and neurodegeneration. We identify the lncRNAs involved in these ailments and discuss the rising interest in lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets to ameliorate age-associated pathologies and prolong health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Clues to long noncoding RNA taxonomy1, edited by Dr. Tetsuro Hirose and Dr. Shinichi Nakagawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kyoung Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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50
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Teixeira TG, Tibana RA, Nascimento DDC, de Sousa NMF, de Souza VC, Vieira DCL, Nóbrega ODT, de Almeida JA, Navalta J, Prestes J. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu298Asp gene polymorphism influences body composition and biochemical parameters but not the nitric oxide response to eccentric resistance exercise in elderly obese women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 36:482-489. [PMID: 26046684 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in important cardiovascular, muscular and inflammatory physiological mechanisms during ageing and response to exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the NO kinetic response following an acute eccentric resistance exercise (ERE) session and the possible effect of the Glu298Asp eNOS gene polymorphism in elderly obese women. Eighty-seven women (age 69·4 ± 6·1 years, body weight 74·9 ± 12·7 kg, height 151·9 ± 6·0 cm and BMI 32·5 ± 5·7 kg m-2 ) completed seven sets of ten eccentric repetitions at 110% of the ten repetitions maximum (10RM). NO concentrations remained elevated up to 48 h following the acute ERE session as compared with baseline, for GG and GT/TT groups (P<0·05), with no differences between genotypes. The GG genotype group had higher body weight, prevalence of obesity (BMI classification - 81% versus 56%), BMI and higher relative muscle strength, while they had significantly lower triglycerides, VLDL and urea concentrations as compared with TT/TG group. In conclusion, NO remains elevated for up to 48 h after an acute ERE session, without genotype interaction. The TT/TG genotype had a negative impact on triglycerides, VLDL and urea concentrations. Thus, T carriers should increase their attention to cardiovascular risk factor and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Gomes Teixeira
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Graduation Program on Physical Education, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Graduation Program on Physical Education, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinicius Carolino de Souza
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Graduation Program on Physical Education, Brasilia, Brazil.,University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - James Navalta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Graduation Program on Physical Education, Brasilia, Brazil.
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