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Denmeade SR. Resolute Progress Down a Long and Winding Road Leads to the Promised Land of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Based Therapies for Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:852-856. [PMID: 38181307 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
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Chen M, Cai L, Xiang Y, Zhong L, Shi J. Advances in non-radioactive PSMA-targeted small molecule-drug conjugates in the treatment of prostate cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106889. [PMID: 37813074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) will develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy, at this time the tumor enters the end stage, and the clinical treatment is very complicated, which requires rationalization of drugs to prolong the life of patients while improving their quality of life. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising biological target for drug delivery in mCRPC due to its high level of specific expression in PCa cell membranes and low expression in normal tissues. Non-radioactive PSMA-targeted small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) are gradually becoming a heat of discovery due to their good affinity and specificity; simple synthesis steps and transport management methods. Non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs under investigation can be divided into two categories: SMDCs and dual-ligand coupled drugs, among which SMDCs are the most widespread form of this type of conjugate. SMDCs have three key components: cytotoxic load, linker, and small molecule targeting ligands. SMDCs are internalized into the cell after binding to PSMA on the cell membrane and stored in endosomes and lysosomes, where they are usually enzymatically cleaved to allow precise release of cytotoxic molecules and uniform diffusion into the tumor tissue. More than a dozen non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs have been developed, many of which have shown favorable properties in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations, demonstrating more favorable results than unmodified cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs have great therapeutic potential for mCRPC as a form of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Linxuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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3
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Zhao Y, Culman J, Cascorbi I, Nithack N, Marx M, Zuhayra M, Lützen U. PSMA-617 inhibits proliferation and potentiates the 177Lu-PSMA-617-induced death of human prostate cancer cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3315-3326. [PMID: 37284895 PMCID: PMC10567812 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is substantially up-regulated in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) cells. PSMA can be targeted by 177Lu conjugated to PSMA-617, a high-affinity ligand for the PSMA. The binding of the radioligand, 177Lu-PSMA-617, results in its internalisation and delivery of β-radiation into the cancer cells. However, PSMA-617, a component of the final product in the synthesis of the radioligand, may also play a role in the pathophysiology of PCa cells. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of PSMA-617 (10, 50 and 100 nM) on the expression of PSMA in PSMA-positive LNCaP cells, their proliferation, 177Lu-PSMA-617-induced cell death by WST-1 and lactate dehydrogenase assays, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and uptake of 177Lu-PSMA-617. PSMA-617 at 100 nM concentration induced cell-growth arrest, down-regulated cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 (by 43 and 36%, respectively) and up-regulated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1 (by 48%). Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated reduced content of DNA, pointing to a lower rate of cell division. PSMA-617 (up to 100 nM) did not alter the uptake of 177Lu-PSMA-617 into the LNCaP cells. Interestingly, simultaneous treatment with 177Lu-PSMA-617 and PSMA-617 for 24 and 48 h substantially potentiated the cell-death promoting effects of the radioligand. In conclusion, the combination of impeding tumour cell proliferation by PSMA-617 and its potentiation of the radiation-induced cell death brought about by 177Lu-PSMA-617 in PCa cells may considerably improve the outcome of the radiation therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617, especially in patients with decreased radiosensitivity of PCa cells to the radioligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging, Diagnostics and Therapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Juraj Culman
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Nithack
- Central Rhine Community Hospital-Clinic for Urology and Pediatric Urology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Marlies Marx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging, Diagnostics and Therapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maaz Zuhayra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging, Diagnostics and Therapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulf Lützen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging, Diagnostics and Therapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Kuzmanov A, Salemi S, Schmid FA, Burger IA, Eberli D, Kranzbühler B. Improved Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Stimulation Using a Super Additive Effect of Dutasteride and Lovastatin In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12338. [PMID: 37569712 PMCID: PMC10419009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based imaging improved the detection of primary, recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer. However, in certain patients, a low PSMA surface expression can be a limitation for this promising diagnostic tool. Pharmacological induction of PSMA might be useful to further improve the detection rate of PSMA-based imaging. To achieve this, we tested dutasteride (Duta)-generally used for treatment of benign prostatic enlargement-and lovastatin (Lova)-a compound used to reduce blood lipid concentrations. We aimed to compare the individual effects of Duta and Lova on cell proliferation as well as PSMA expression. In addition, we tested if a combination treatment using lower concentrations of Duta and Lova can further induce PSMA expression. Our results show that a treatment with ≤1 μM Duta and ≥1 μM Lova lead to a significant upregulation of whole and cell surface PSMA expression in LNCaP, C4-2 and VCaP cells. Lower concentrations of Duta and Lova in combination (0.5 μM Duta + 0.5 μM Lova or 0.5 μM Duta + 1 μM Lova) were further capable of enhancing PSMA protein expression compared to a single compound treatment using higher concentrations in all tested cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2 and VCaP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kuzmanov
- Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian A. Schmid
- Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene A. Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Baden Cantonal Hospital, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Kranzbühler
- Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Tseng JC, Wang BJ, Wang YP, Kuo YY, Chen JK, Hour TC, Kuo LK, Hsiao PJ, Yeh CC, Kao CL, Shih LJ, Chuu CP. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses EGFR/FAK/Akt signaling, migration, and tumor growth of prostate cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154860. [PMID: 37201366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). However, suppression of EGFR did not improve the patient outcome, possibly due to the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling in PCa. Compounds able to suppress both PI3K/Akt and EGFR signaling may be effective for treating advanced PCa. PURPOSE We examined if caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) simultaneously suppresses the EGFR and Akt signaling, migration and tumor growth in PCa cells. METHODS Wound healing assay, transwell migration assay and xenograft mice model were used to determine the effects of CAPE on migration and proliferation of PCa cells. Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to determine the effects of CAPE on EGFR and Akt signaling. RESULTS CAPE treatment decreased the gene expression of HRAS, RAF1, AKT2, GSK3A, and EGF and the protein expression of phospho-EGFR (Y845, Y1069, Y1148, Y1173), phospho-FAK, Akt, and ERK1/2 in PCa cells. CAPE treatment inhibited the EGF-induced migration of PCa cells. Combined treatment of CAPE with EGFR inhibitor gefitinib showed additive inhibition on migration and proliferation of PCa cells. Injection of CAPE (15 mg/kg/3 days) for 14 days suppressed the tumor growth of prostate xenografts in nude mice as well as suppressed the levels of Ki67, phospho-EGFR Y845, MMP-9, phospho-Akt S473, phospho-Akt T308, Ras, and Raf-1 in prostate xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that CAPE can simultaneously suppress the EGFR and Akt signaling in PCa cells and is a potential therapeutic agent for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chih Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Juan Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Pei Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80737, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80737, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80737, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuo Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 104217, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Mackay Medical College, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Hsiao
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yeh
- Department of Education and Medical Research, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Kao
- Division of Urology, Departments of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jane Shih
- Department of Education and Medical Research, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32031, Taiwan; PhD Program for Aging and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
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Sarkis M, Minassian G, Mitri N, Rahme K, Fracasso G, El Hage R, Ghanem E. D2B-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Promising Vehicles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Prostate Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:819-827. [PMID: 36755401 PMCID: PMC9945086 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the multitude of therapeutic agents available to treat prostate cancer (PC), there are still no effective and safe measures to treat the tumor. It remains a challenge to develop a simple approach to target PC with specific antibodies. In our study, D2B monoclonal antibodies against a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) were used. We investigated the functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with D2B to generate favorable physicochemical and biological properties that mediate specific binding to PC. For this purpose, AuNPs with a size of about 25 nm were synthesized in water using sodium citrate as a reducing and stabilizing agent and then coated with D2B. Major physicochemical properties of naked and D2B-coated AuNPs were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. The successful binding of D2B to AuNPs-citrate caused a 15 nm red shift in the UV-vis. This was assessed by DLS as an increase in zeta potential from ∼-45 to ∼-23 mV and in the size of AuNPs from ∼25 to ∼63 nm. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the size shift of AuNPs, which was detected as an exterior organic layer of D2Bs surrounding each AuNP. Even at high exposure levels of the bioconjugates, PSMA-PC-3 cells exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. The specific and dose-dependent binding of AuNPs-D2B to PC-3-PSMA cells was validated by flow cytometry analysis. Our data provide effective drug delivery systems in PC theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monira Sarkis
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Georges Minassian
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Nadim Mitri
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Kamil Rahme
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.,School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roland El Hage
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LCPM), PR2N (EDST), Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Campus Fanar P.O. Box 90656, 1103 Beirut, Lebanon.,Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, France
| | - Esther Ghanem
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.,biobank.cy-Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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7
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PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13010158. [PMID: 36611450 PMCID: PMC9818911 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 100 kD, 750 amino acid (AA) long type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has a short N-terminal intracellular domain with 19 AA, 24 AA transmembrane proteins and a large C-terminal extracellular domain with 707 AA. PSMA has been mapped to chromosome 11p 11-12 in the region of the folate hydrolase gene (FOLH1) and has no known natural ligand. The protein possesses enzymatic activity-glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP-II)-and is thought to have role in folate uptake (FOLH1 gene). 'PSMA' expression, although significantly up-regulated in prostate carcinoma (more in high-risk and aggressive variants), is not exclusive for it and is noted in various other benign and malignant conditions, especially in the neovasculature. Currently, PSMA PET-CT is approved for high-risk and biochemically recurrent prostate carcinoma (PCa), and in patient selection for PSMA based theranostics. This review aims to highlight the clinical evolution of the PSMA molecule and PSMA PET-CT as a diagnostic modality, various indications of PSMA PET-CT, the appropriateness criteria for its use, pitfalls and artefacts, and other uses of PSMA PET apart from prostate carcinoma.
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Gómez V, Galazi M, Weitsman G, Monypenny J, Al-Salemee F, Barber PR, Ng K, Beatson R, Szokol B, Orfi L, Mullen G, Vanhaesebroeck B, Chowdhury S, Leung HY, Ng T. HER2 Mediates PSMA/mGluR1-Driven Resistance to the DS-7423 Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor in PTEN Wild-type Prostate Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:667-676. [PMID: 35086953 PMCID: PMC7612588 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a major cause of male mortality. Genetic alteration of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the key events in tumor development and progression in prostate cancer, with inactivation of the PTEN tumor suppressor being very common in this cancer type. Extensive evaluation has been performed on the therapeutic potential of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors and the resistance mechanisms arising in patients with PTEN-mutant background. However, in patients with a PTEN wild-type phenotype, PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors have not demonstrated efficacy, and this remains an area of clinical unmet need. In this study, we have investigated the response of PTEN wild-type prostate cancer cell lines to the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor DS-7423 alone or in combination with HER2 inhibitors or mGluR1 inhibitors. Upon treatment with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor DS-7423, PTEN wild-type prostate cancer CWR22/22RV1 cells upregulate expression of the proteins PSMA, mGluR1, and the tyrosine kinase receptor HER2, while PTEN-mutant LNCaP cells upregulate androgen receptor and HER3. PSMA, mGluR1, and HER2 exert control over one another in a positive feedback loop that allows cells to overcome treatment with DS-7423. Concomitant targeting of PI3K/mTOR with either HER2 or mGluR1 inhibitors results in decreased cell survival and tumor growth in xenograft studies. Our results suggest a novel therapeutic possibility for patients with PTEN wild-type PI3K/AKT-mutant prostate cancer based in the combination of PI3K/mTOR blockade with HER2 or mGluR1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentí Gómez
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myria Galazi
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Weitsman
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Monypenny
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Barber
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenrick Ng
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Beatson
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - László Orfi
- Vichem Chemie Ltd., Veszprém, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Greg Mullen
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon Chowdhury
- Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, and Sarah Cannon Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hing Y. Leung
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Ng
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Validity of Anti-PSMA ScFvD2B as a Theranostic Tool: A Narrative-Focused Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121870. [PMID: 34944686 PMCID: PMC8698710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer among men, and its diagnosis and adequate staging are fundamental. Among the biomarkers identified in recent years for PCa management, prostate-specific-membrane-antigen (PSMA), physiologically expressed at a low level on healthy prostate and in other normal tissues and highly overexpressed in PCa, represents a reliable marker ideal for imaging and therapy. The development of anti-PSMA antibodies, such as D2B, demonstrated slow clearance of intact antibodies compared with fragments resulting in low tumor-to-blood ratios; however, the modular structural and functional nature of antibodies allowed the generation of smaller fragments, such as scFvs. In this review of the anti-PSMA antibody fragment scFvD2B, we combined further characterization of its biomolecular and tissue cross-reactivity characteristics with a comprehensive summary of what has already been performed in preclinical models to evaluate imaging and therapeutic activities. A molecular dynamics study was performed, and ScFvD2B occupied a limited conformational space, characterized by low-energy conformational basins, confirming the high stability of the protein structure. In the cross-reactivity study, the weak/absent immunoreactivity in non-tumor tissues was comparable to the PSMA expression reported in the literature. Biodistribution studies and therapeutic treatments were conducted in different animal models obtained by subcutaneous or locoregional injection of PSMA-positive-versus-negative xenografts. The maximum tumor uptake was observed for 123I(SPECT), 124I(PET), and optical imaging, which avoids kidney accumulation (compared with radiometals) and leads to an optimal tumor-to-kidney and tumor-to-background ratios. Regarding its possible use in therapy, experimental data suggested a strong and specific antitumor activity, in vitro and in vivo, obtained using CAR-T or NK-92/CAR cells expressing scFvD2B. Based on presented/reviewed data, we consider that scFvD2B, due to its versatility and robustness, seems to: (i) overcome some problems observed in other studied scFvs, very often relatively unstable and prone to form aggregates; (ii) have sufficient tumor-to-background ratios for targeting and imaging PSMA-expressing cancer; (iii) significantly redirect immune killing cells to PSMA-positive tumors when inserted in second-generation CAR-T or NK-92/CAR cells. These data suggest that our product can be considered the right reagent to fill the gap that still exists in PCa diagnosis and treatment.
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Interplay of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 in Prostate Cancer: Beyond Androgen Receptor Transactivation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143452. [PMID: 34298665 PMCID: PMC8307975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in the world and causes thousands of deaths every year. Conventional therapy for PCa includes surgery and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, about 10-20% of all PCa cases relapse; there is also the further development of castration resistant adenocarcinoma (CRPC-Adeno) or neuroendocrine (NE) PCa (CRPC-NE). Due to their androgen-insensitive properties, both CRPC-Adeno and CRPC-NE have limited therapeutic options. Accordingly, this study reveals the inductive mechanisms of CRPC (for both CRPC-Adeno and CRPC-NE) and fulfils an urgent need for the treatment of PCa patients. Although previous studies have illustrated the emerging roles of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in the development of CRPC, the regulatory mechanisms of this interaction between EGFR and STAT3 is still unclear. Our recent studies have shown that crosstalk between EGFR and STAT3 is critical for NE differentiation of PCa. In this review, we have collected recent findings with regard to the involvement of EGFR and STAT3 in malignancy progression and discussed their interactions during the development of therapeutic resistance for PCa.
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11
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Ullevig SL, Bacich DJ, Gutierrez JM, Balarin A, Lobitz CA, O'Keefe DS, Liss MA. Feasibility of dietary folic acid reduction intervention for men on active surveillance for prostate cancer. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:270-275. [PMID: 34330478 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fortification of the US food supply has increased folic acid intake and resulted in a concomitant decrease in neural tube defects in women. However, a body evidence supports the hypothesis that increased circulating folate levels due to excessive dietary or supplemental folic acid may be harmful for men with prostate cancer. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a reduced folic acid dietary intervention in men on an active surveillance monitoring program for prostate cancer. METHODS Men with low-grade prostate cancer enrolled into a 12-week dietary folic acid reduction diet. Primary outcome was red blood cell (RBC) folate reduction at 12 weeks. Other outcomes include serum folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 levels. The number of patients who complete the trial and reasons for disenrollment or dropout were also assessed. RESULTS Twenty-eight participants were enrolled into the dietary intervention study. Six participants withdrew from the study and a total of 21 participants completed all baseline and week 12 biochemical assessments. Only 18 participants completed all dietary questionnaires. Participants withdrew from the study due to difficulty with the diet or personal reasons. A substantial reduction was noted in serum folate (p < 0.007), RBC folate (p < 0.001) and dietary consumption of folic acid from foods (p = 0.003) and supplements (p = 0.003) without reduction in serum homocysteine or vitamin B12. Although an overall decrease in PSA from baseline to twelve weeks was found, the reduction was not significant (-3.55 ng/mL, p = 0.197). CONCLUSIONS This phase 1 feasibility study reduced dietary folic acid intake from food and supplements and successfully lowered serum and RBC folate without resulting harmful effects. Data from this study supports future intervention trials with a larger prostate cancer active surveillance population and has the potential to reduce prostate cancer progression. There are no interventions to reduce progression of prostate cancer in man on active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Ullevig
- College for Health, Community and Policy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Dean J Bacich
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Jose M Gutierrez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Ashton Balarin
- College for Health, Community and Policy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - C Austin Lobitz
- College for Health, Community and Policy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Denise S O'Keefe
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States; College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, TX 78705, United States.
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12
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Kranzbühler B, Sousa R, Prause L, Burger IA, Rupp NJ, Sulser T, Salemi S, Eberli D. Impact of short-term Dutasteride treatment on prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in a mouse xenograft model. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1418. [PMID: 34008909 PMCID: PMC8714546 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dutasteride has been shown to increase expression of the prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in prostate cancer cells in previous in vitro studies. This 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitor is commonly used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement. The modulation of PSMA expression might affect PSMA‐based prostate cancer imaging and therapy. Aim The purpose of this work was to further analyze concentration‐dependent effects of Dutasteride on PSMA expression in a mouse xenograft model. Methods and results Four groups of mice bearing LNCaP xenografts were treated for 14 days with daily intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle control or different concentrations of Dutasteride (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg). Total expression of PSMA, androgen receptor (AR), and caspase‐3 protein was analyzed using immunoblotting (WES). In addition, PSMA, cleaved caspase‐3 and Ki‐67 expression was assessed and quantified by immunohistochemistry. Tumor size was measured by caliper on day 7 and 14, tumor weight was assessed following tissue harvesting. The mean PSMA protein expression in mice increased significantly after treatment with 1 mg/kg (10‐fold) or 10 mg/kg (sixfold) of Dutasteride compared to vehicle control. The mean fluorescence intensity significantly increased by daily injections of 0.1 mg/kg Dutasteride (1.6‐fold) as well as 1 and 10 mg/kg Dutasteride (twofold). While the reduction in tumor volume following treatment with high concentrations of 10 mg/kg Dutasteride was nonsignificant, no changes in AR, caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐3, and Ki‐67 expression were observed. Conclusion Short‐term Dutasteride treatments with concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/kg significantly increase the total PSMA protein expression in a mouse LNCaP xenograft model. PSMA fluorescence intensity increases significantly even using lower daily concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg Dutasteride. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the impact of Dutasteride treatment on PSMA expression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kranzbühler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rosa Sousa
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Prause
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Irene A Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Matthias J, Engelhardt J, Schäfer M, Bauder-Wüst U, Meyer PT, Haberkorn U, Eder M, Kopka K, Hell SW, Eder AC. Cytoplasmic Localization of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Inhibitors May Confer Advantages for Targeted Cancer Therapies. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2234-2245. [PMID: 33622696 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted imaging and therapy approaches based on novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors have fundamentally changed the treatment regimen of prostate cancer. However, the exact mechanism of PSMA inhibitor internalization has not yet been studied, and the inhibitors' subcellular fate remains elusive. Here, we investigated the intracellular distribution of peptidomimetic PSMA inhibitors and of PSMA itself by stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy, applying a novel nonstandard live cell staining protocol. Imaging analysis confirmed PSMA cluster formation at the cell surface of prostate cancer cells and clathrin-dependent endocytosis of PSMA inhibitors. Following the endosomal pathway, PSMA inhibitors accumulated in prostate cancer cells at clinically relevant time points. In contrast with PSMA itself, PSMA inhibitors were found to eventually distribute homogeneously in the cytoplasm, a molecular condition that promises benefits for treatment as cytoplasmic and in particular perinuclear enrichment of the radionuclide carriers may better facilitate the radiation-mediated damage of cancerous cells. This study is the first to reveal the subcellular fate of PSMA/PSMA inhibitor complexes at the nanoscale and aims to inspire the development of new approaches in the field of prostate cancer research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uses STED fluorescence microscopy to reveal the subcellular fate of PSMA/PSMA inhibitor complexes near the molecular level, providing insights of great clinical interest and suggestive of advantageous targeted therapies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/8/2234/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Matthias
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz International Graduate School, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann Engelhardt
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauder-Wüst
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp T Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Eder
- Helmholtz International Graduate School, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Czerwińska M, Fracasso G, Pruszyński M, Bilewicz A, Kruszewski M, Majkowska-Pilip A, Lankoff A. Design and Evaluation of 223Ra-Labeled and Anti-PSMA Targeted NaA Nanozeolites for Prostate Cancer Therapy-Part I. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3875. [PMID: 32887308 PMCID: PMC7504699 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy in men worldwide. Unfortunately, current therapies often lead to the onset of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), causing significant mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new and targeted therapies that are advantageous over the current ones. Recently, the PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy of mCRPC has shown very promising results. In line with this, we described the synthesis of a new radioimmunoconjugate, 223RaA-silane-PEG-D2B, for targeted mCRPC therapy. The new compound consists of a NaA zeolite nanocarrier loaded with the α-particle emitting Ra-223 radionuclide, functionalized with the anti-PSMA D2B antibody. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized compound were characterized by standard methods (HR-SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, EDS, NTA, DLS, BET, TGA). The targeting selectivity, the extent of internalization, and cytotoxicity were determined in LNCaP C4-2 (PSMA+) and DU-145 (PSMA-) cells. Our results supported the 223RaA-silane-PEG-D2B synthesis and revealed that the final product had a diameter ca. 120 nm and specific activity 0.65 MBq/1mg. The product was characterized by a high yield of stability (>95% up to 12 days). The conjugation reaction resulted in approximately 50 antibodies/nanoparticle. The obtained radioimmunoconjugate bound specifically and internalized into PSMA-expressing LNCaP C4-2 cells, but not into PSMA-negative DU-145 cells. 223RaA-silane-PEG-D2B demonstrated also potent cytotoxicity in LNCaP C4-2 cells. These promising results require further in vivo evaluation of 223RaA-silane-PEG-D2B with regard to its toxicity and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Czerwińska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale LA Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marek Pruszyński
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.M.-P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.M.-P.)
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.M.-P.)
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 24-406 Kielce, Poland
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15
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Klein Nulent TJW, Valstar MH, Smit LA, Smeele LE, Zuithoff NPA, de Keizer B, de Bree R, van Es RJJ, Willems SM. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:519. [PMID: 32503460 PMCID: PMC7275445 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for advanced head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) are limited. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA), a transmembrane protein that is known for its use in diagnostics and targeted therapy in prostate cancer, is also expressed by AdCC. This study aimed to analyse PSMA expression in a large cohort of primary, recurrent and metastasized AdCC of the head and neck. METHODS One hundred ten consecutive patients with histologically confirmed AdCC in the period 1990-2017 were included. An analysis was made of clinical details, revised pathology and semiquantitative immunohistochemical expression of PSMA on tissue microarray and whole slides. Associations of PSMA expression with clinicopathological parameters were explored and survival was analysed by multivariate Cox-proportional Hazard analysis. RESULTS PSMA expression was present in 94% of the 110 primary tumours, with a median of 31% positive cells (IQR 15-60%). Primary tumours (n = 18) that recurred (n = 15) and/or had metastases (n = 10) demonstrated 40, 60 and 23% expression respectively. Expression was not independently related to increased pathological stage, tumour grade, and the occurrence of locoregional recurrence or metastasis. After dichotomization, only primary tumour PSMA expression ≤10% appeared to be associated with reduced 10-years recurrence-free survival (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.5, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS PSMA is highly expressed in primary, recurrent and metastatic AdCC of the salivary and seromucous glands. PSMA expression has no value in predicting clinical behaviour of AdCC although low expression may indicate a reduced recurrence-free survival. This study provides supporting results to consider using PSMA as target for imaging and therapy when other diagnostic and palliative treatment options fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J W Klein Nulent
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, 3508, GA, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs H Valstar
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A Smit
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig E Smeele
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P A Zuithoff
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Keizer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, 3508, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J J van Es
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, 3508, GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Hensbergen A, van Willigen DM, van Beurden F, van Leeuwen PJ, Buckle T, Schottelius M, Maurer T, Wester HJ, van Leeuwen FWB. Image-Guided Surgery: Are We Getting the Most Out of Small-Molecule Prostate-Specific-Membrane-Antigen-Targeted Tracers? Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:375-395. [PMID: 31855410 PMCID: PMC7033908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expressed on virtually all prostate cancers and their metastases, the transmembrane protein prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) provides a valuable target for the imaging of prostate cancer. Not only does PSMA provide a target for noninvasive diagnostic imaging, e.g., PSMA-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET), it can also be used to guide surgical resections of PSMA-positive lesions. The latter characteristic has led to the development of a plethora of PSMA-targeted tracers, i.e., radiolabeled, fluorescent, or hybrid. With image-guided surgery applications in mind, this review discusses these compounds based on clinical need. Here, the focus is on the chemical aspects (e.g., imaging label, spacer moiety, and targeting vector) and their impact on in vitro and in vivo tracer characteristics (e.g., affinity, tumor uptake, and clearance pattern).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus
Wijnand Hensbergen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian van Beurden
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J. van Leeuwen
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Translational
Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre
Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Department
of Urology and Martini-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum
Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmazeutische
Radiochemie, Technische Universität
München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Lütje S, Heskamp S, Franssen GM, Frielink C, Kip A, Hekman M, Fracasso G, Colombatti M, Herrmann K, Boerman OC, Gotthardt M, Rijpkema M. Development and characterization of a theranostic multimodal anti-PSMA targeting agent for imaging, surgical guidance, and targeted photodynamic therapy of PSMA-expressing tumors. Theranostics 2019; 9:2924-2938. [PMID: 31244933 PMCID: PMC6568177 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Prostate cancer (PCa) recurrences after surgery frequently occur. To improve the outcome after surgical resection of the tumor, the theranostic multimodal anti-PSMA targeting agent 111In-DTPA-D2B-IRDye700DX was developed and characterized for both pre- and intra-operative tumor localization and eradication of (residual) tumor tissue by PSMA-targeted photodynamic therapy (tPDT), which is a highly selective cancer treatment based on targeting molecules conjugated to photosensitizers that can induce cell destruction upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light. Methods: The anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody D2B was conjugated with IRDye700DX and DTPA and subsequently radiolabeled with 111In. To determine the optimal dose and time point for tPDT, BALB/c nude mice with PSMA-expressing (PSMA+) s.c. LS174T-PSMA xenografts received the conjugate (24-240 µg/mouse) intravenously (8 MBq/mouse) followed by µSPECT/CT, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and ex vivo biodistribution at 24, 48, 72 and 168 h p.i. Tumor growth of LS174T-PSMA xenografts and overall survival of mice treated with 1-3 times of NIR light irradiation (50, 100, 150 J/cm2) 24 h after injection of 80 µg of DTPA-D2B-IRDye700DX was compared to control conditions. Results: Highest specific tumor uptake was observed at conjugate doses of 80 µg/mouse. Biodistribution revealed no significant difference in tumor uptake in mice at 24, 48, 72 and 168 h p.i. PSMA+ tumors were clearly visualized with both µSPECT/CT and NIR fluorescence imaging. Overall survival in mice treated with 80 µg of DTPA-D2B-IRDye700DX and 1x 150 J/cm2 of NIR light at 24 h p.i. was significantly improved compared to the control group receiving neither conjugate nor NIR light (73 days vs. 16 days, respectively, p=0.0453). Treatment with 3x 150 J/cm2 resulted in significantly prolonged survival compared to treatment with 3x 100 J/cm2 (p = 0.0067) and 3x 50 J/cm2 (p = 0.0338). Principal conclusions:111In-DTPA-D2B-IRDye700DX can be used for pre- and intra-operative detection of PSMA+ tumors with radionuclide and NIR fluorescence imaging and PSMA-targeted PDT. PSMA-tPDT using this multimodal agent resulted in significant prolongation of survival and shows great potential for treatment of (metastasized) prostate cancer.
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18
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O'Keefe DS, Bacich DJ, Huang SS, Heston WDW. A Perspective on the Evolving Story of PSMA Biology, PSMA-Based Imaging, and Endoradiotherapeutic Strategies. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1007-1013. [PMID: 29674422 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.203877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge on the biology of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and its translation to therapy. The usual key to discovery is a realistic model for experimentation and for testing a hypothesis. A realistic model is especially needed in the case of the human prostate, which differs significantly from the prostate of species often used as research models. We will emphasize the genetic characterization of PSMA, the nature of the PSMA protein, and its role as a carboxypeptidase, with differing important substrates and products in different tissues. We give special prominence to the importance of PSMA as a target for imaging and therapy in prostate cancer and its underdeveloped role for imaging and targeting the neovasculature of tumors other than prostate cancer. Lastly, we bring attention to its importance in other nonprostatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise S O'Keefe
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Dean J Bacich
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Steve S Huang
- Imaging Institute and Cancer Biology Department, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Warren D W Heston
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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19
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Sathekge M, Lengana T, Maes A, Vorster M, Zeevaart J, Lawal I, Ebenhan T, Van de Wiele C. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in primary staging of prostate carcinoma: preliminary results on differences between black and white South-Africans. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 45:226-234. [PMID: 29101444 PMCID: PMC5745572 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of prostate cancer is 60% higher and the mortality rate is two- to three-times greater in black versus white men. We report on differences in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging findings in 77 black South-African (BSAs) and 18 white South-African (WSAs) treatment-naïve primary prostate carcinoma (PPC) patients. METHODS 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging findings were compared to histological, biochemical and morphological imaging data. Patients were grouped into three Gleason grade groups (GG), GG 1 (scores 3 + 3 and 3 + 4), GG2 (scores 4 + 3 and 4 + 4) and GG3 (scores 9 and 10), and the PSA difference among the groups was determined. Inter-racial difference in SUVmax of the primary tumor as well as its correlation with serum PSA were also determined. RESULTS Ninety-three out of 95 PPC where readily identified on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging. Median PPC SUVmax and serum PSA values proved significantly higher (p = 0.033 and p = 0.003) in GG3 patients (median 16.4 and 180 ng/ml) when compared to GG1 patients (median 9.6 and 25.1 ng/ml) or GG2 patients (median 8.8 and 46.2 ng/ml). SUVmax significantly correlated with serum PSA-values (r = 0.377 (p = 0.0001)). Age, frequency of lymph node involvement and distant metastases, and GGs (p ≥ 0.153) were similar in BSAs and WSAs, both median serum PSA-values as well as SUVmax values proved significantly higher in BSAs when compared to WSAs, respectively, 81.6 ng/ml versus 14.5 ng/ml (p = 0.0001) and 11.9 versus 4.38 (p = 0.004). Moreover, Gleason-score normalized median SUVmax values proved 2.5 times higher in BSAs when compared to WSAs (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION SUVmax values proved significantly related to GG and to be significantly higher in BSAs when compared to WSAs. Also, SUVmax significantly correlated with serum PSA values, which was significantly higher in BSAs when compared with WSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Thabo Lengana
- Department of Nuclear medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alex Maes
- Department of Nuclear medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Pathology, KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - JanRijn Zeevaart
- Department of Nuclear medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Radiochemistry, The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd (Necsa), Pelindaba, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ismaheel Lawal
- Department of Nuclear medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Department of Nuclear medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christophe Van de Wiele
- Department of Nuclear medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Lucío MI, Opri R, Pinto M, Scarsi A, Fierro JLG, Meneghetti M, Fracasso G, Prato M, Vázquez E, Herrero MA. Targeted killing of prostate cancer cells using antibody-drug conjugated carbon nanohorns. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8821-8832. [PMID: 32264275 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) to cross biological barriers makes them potential carriers for delivery purposes. In this work, we report the design of a new selective antibody-drug nanosystem based on CNHs for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). In particular, cisplatin in a prodrug form and the monoclonal antibody (Ab) D2B, selective for PSMA+ cancer cells, have been attached to CNHs due to the current application of this antigen in PCa therapy. The hybrids Ab-CNHs, cisplatin-CNHs and functionalised-CNHs have also been synthesized to be used as control systems. The efficacy and specificity of the D2B-cisplatin-CNH conjugate to selectively target and kill PSMA+ prostate cancer cells have been demonstrated in comparison with other derivatives. The developed strategy to functionalise CNHs is fascinating because it can allow the fine tuning of both drug and Ab molecules attached to the nanostructure in order to modulate the activity of the nanosystem. Finally, the herein described methodology can be used for the incorporation of almost any drugs or Abs in the platforms in order to create new targeted drugs for the treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Lucío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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