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Riantana H, Waenphimai O, Mahalapbutr P, Karnchanapandh K, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Wongkham S, Sawanyawisuth K. BI6727 and GSK461364A, potent PLK1 inhibitors induce G2/M arrest and apoptosis against cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154678. [PMID: 37454493 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is an essential mitotic checkpoint protein that plays a key role in cell cycle division. Overexpression of PLK1 has been associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal bile duct cancer and the current treatments in inoperable patients have not been satisfactory. In order to develop novel targeted therapies, we investigated the efficacy of BI6727 (volasertib) and GSK461364A, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors in KKU-100 and KKU-213A CCA cell lines. PLK1 expression was significantly up-regulated in CCA cases compared with normal tissues based on the results derived from GEPIA. Western blot results exhibited PLK1 protein expression in both CCA cell lines. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations based on MM/GBSA method revealed that BI6727-PLK1 and GSK461364A-PLK1 complexes were stable in an aqueous environment, and their complexation was mainly driven by Van der Waals interaction. BI6727 and GSK461364A clearly suppressed CCA cell proliferation and induced G2/M arrest, accompanied with upregulation of cyclin B1 and phosphorylated Histone H3 at Ser10 (pS10H3), specific markers of mitosis. Furthermore, both compounds triggered mitotic catastrophe followed by cell apoptosis via activation of PARP and Caspase 3, as well as downregulation of Mcl-1 anti-apoptotic protein in both CCA cell lines. In conclusion, pharmacologic PLK1 inhibition by BI6727 and GSK461364A blocked survival of CCA cells by several mechanisms. Our study provides evidence that BI6727 and GSK461364A could be alternative drugs and have potential implications at the clinical level for CCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handy Riantana
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Orawan Waenphimai
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kun Karnchanapandh
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Emodin Sensitizes Cervical Cancer Cells to Vinblastine by Inducing Apoptosis and Mitotic Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158510. [PMID: 35955645 PMCID: PMC9369386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies on the effects of combining novel plant compounds with cytostatics used in cancer therapy have received considerable attention. Since emodin sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapeutics, we evaluated changes in cervical cancer cells after its combination with the antimitotic drug vinblastine. Cellular changes were demonstrated using optical, fluorescence, confocal and electron microscopy. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The level of apoptosis, caspase 3/7, Bcl-2 protein, ROS, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell cycle and degree of DNA damage were analyzed by flow cytometry. The microscopic image showed indicators characteristic for emodin- and vinblastine-induced mitotic catastrophe, i.e., multinucleated cells, giant cells, cells with micronuclei, and abnormal mitotic figures. These compounds also increased blocking of cells in the G2/M phase, and the generated ROS induced swelling and mitochondrial damage. This translated into the growth of apoptotic cells with active caspase 3/7 and inactivation of Bcl-2 protein and active ATM kinase. Emodin potentiated the cytotoxic effect of vinblastine, increasing oxidative stress, mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. Preliminary studies show that the combined action of both compounds, may constitute an interesting form of anticancer therapy.
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The Multidirectional Effect of Azelastine Hydrochloride on Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115890. [PMID: 35682572 PMCID: PMC9180047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major cause of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutics is the blocking of apoptosis and induction of autophagy in the context of cell adaptation and survival. Therefore, new compounds are being sought, also among drugs that are commonly used in other therapies. Due to the involvement of histamine in the regulation of processes occurring during the development of many types of cancer, antihistamines are now receiving special attention. Our study concerned the identification of new mechanisms of action of azelastine hydrochloride, used in antiallergic treatment. The study was performed on HeLa cells treated with different concentrations of azelastine (15-90 µM). Cell cycle, level of autophagy (LC3 protein activity) and apoptosis (annexin V assay), activity of caspase 3/7, anti-apoptotic protein of Bcl-2 family, ROS concentration, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and level of phosphorylated H2A.X in response to DSB were evaluated by cytometric method. Cellular changes were also demonstrated at the level of transmission electron microscopy and optical and fluorescence microscopy. Lysosomal enzyme activities-cathepsin D and L and cell viability (MTT assay) were assessed spectrophotometrically. Results: Azelastine in concentrations of 15-25 µM induced degradation processes, vacuolization, increase in cathepsin D and L activity, and LC3 protein activation. By increasing ROS, it also caused DNA damage and blocked cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. At the concentrations of 45-90 µM, azelastine clearly promoted apoptosis by activation of caspase 3/7 and inactivation of Bcl-2 protein. Fragmentation of cell nucleus was confirmed by DAPI staining. Changes were also found in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, whose damage was confirmed by staining with rhodamine 123 and in the MTT test. Azelastine decreased the mitotic index and induced mitotic catastrophe. Studies demonstrated the multidirectional effects of azelastine on HeLa cells, including anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, autophagic, and apoptotic properties, which were the predominant mechanism of death. The revealed novel properties of azelastine may be practically used in anti-cancer therapy in the future.
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Waenphimai O, Mahalapbutr P, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Wongkham S, Sawanyawisuth K. Multiple actions of NMS-P715, the monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) mitotic checkpoint inhibitor in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174899. [PMID: 35337815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM NMS-P715 is a potent inhibitor of monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) mitotic checkpoint kinase. Overexpression of MPS1 is associated with short survival times in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of NMS-P715 in human CCA cell lines. MAIN METHODS KKU-100 and KKU-213A CCA cell lines were treated with NMS-P715 and cell viability was determined using MTT and colony formation assays. Inhibitory effects of NMS-P715 on cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. Expression of underlying mechanism-related proteins was examined by Western blotting. Mitotic catastrophe was assessed by counting abnormal nuclei. Transwell assays were used to examine cell migration and invasion. KEY FINDINGS Molecular docking showed that the NMS-P715/MPS1 complex was driven by an induced-fit mechanism. We provide new evidence that NMS-P715 potently inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in both CCA cell lines. This was accompanied by induction of G2/M arrest and the consequent induction of mitotic catastrophe, a process that occurs during defective mitosis. The recent study showed that NMS-P715 activated caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagosome formation with an increase of LC3 A/B-II protein expression in CCA cell lines. NMS-P715 also greatly impeded cell migration and invasion in CCA cell lines. The combination of NMS-P715 and gemcitabine or cisplatin showed synergistic effects on CCA cell proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed for the first time that NMS-P715 is a promising candidate for combating CCA owing via multiple actions and may be suitable for further development in a clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orawan Waenphimai
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Sazonova EV, Petrichuk SV, Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B. A link between mitotic defects and mitotic catastrophe: detection and cell fate. Biol Direct 2021; 16:25. [PMID: 34886882 PMCID: PMC8656038 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the phenomenon of mitotic catastrophe was first described more than 80 years ago, only recently has this term been used to explain a mechanism of cell death linked to delayed mitosis. Several mechanisms have been suggested for mitotic catastrophe development and cell fate. Depending on molecular perturbations, mitotic catastrophe can end in three types of cell death, namely apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy. Moreover, mitotic catastrophe can be associated with different types of cell aging, the development of which negatively affects tumor elimination and, consequently, reduces the therapeutic effect. The effective triggering of mitotic catastrophe in clinical practice requires induction of DNA damage as well as inhibition of the molecular pathways that regulate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Here we discuss various methods to detect mitotic catastrophe, the mechanisms of its development, and the attempts to use this phenomenon in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Sazonova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Svetlana V Petrichuk
- Federal State Autonomous Institution "National Medical Research Center for Children's Health" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 119296
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lohberger B, Glaenzer D, Eck N, Steinecker-Frohnwieser B, Leithner A, Rinner B, Kerschbaum-Gruber S, Georg D. Effects of a combined therapy of bortezomib and ionizing radiation on chondrosarcoma three-dimensional spheroid cultures. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:428. [PMID: 33868466 PMCID: PMC8045153 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of primary bone cancers that are characterized by hyaline cartilaginous neoplastic tissue and are predominantly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. However, adjuvant radiotherapy is often recommended in inoperable cases or after incomplete resections. To improve the efficiency of treatment, the present study tested a combination therapy with ionizing radiation (IR) and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Using a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model, 0-20 Gy of IR was applied to chondrosarcoma cells and healthy human chondrocytes. Following combined treatment with IR and bortezomib, the cell cycle distribution, apoptotic induction, the survivin pathway, autophagy and DNA damage were evaluated. Both cell types exhibited a slight decrease in viability following increasing doses of IR; the chondrosarcoma cells demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in the expression levels of the DNA damage marker histone H2AX phosphorylation at serine 139 (γH2AX). The combination treatment with bortezomib significantly decreased the cell viability after 48 h compared with that in irradiated cells. High-dose IR induced a G2/M phase arrest, which was accompanied by a decrease in the number of cells at the G1 and S phase. Co-treatment with bortezomib changed the distribution of the cell cycle phases. The mRNA expression levels of the proapoptotic genes Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and Bak were significantly increased by bortezomib treatment and combination therapy with IR. In addition, the combination therapy resulted in a synergistic decrease of the expression levels of survivin and its corresponding downstream pathway molecules, including heat shock protein 90, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, smad 2 and smad 3. Comparative analyses of γH2AX at 1 and 24 h post-IR revealed efficient DNA repair in human chondrosarcoma cells. Therefore, additional bortezomib treatment may only temporarily improve the radiation sensitivity of chondrosarcoma cells. However, the inhibition of the survivin pathway by the combined treatment with IR and bortezomib, observed in the present study, revealed a novel aspect in the tumor biology of chondrosarcoma 3D spheroid cultures and may represent a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Glaenzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
- Department for Rehabilitation, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, A-5760 Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Nicole Eck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
- Department for Rehabilitation, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, A-5760 Saalfelden, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
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Hu L, Li B, Chen G, Song D, Xu Z, Gao L, Xi M, Zhou J, Li L, Zhang H, Feng Q, Wang Y, Lu K, Lu Y, Bu W, Wang H, Wu X, Zhu W, Shi J. A novel M phase blocker, DCZ3301 enhances the sensitivity of bortezomib in resistant multiple myeloma through DNA damage and mitotic catastrophe. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:105. [PMID: 32517809 PMCID: PMC7285565 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background DCZ3301, a novel aryl-guanidino compound previously reported by our group, exerts cytotoxic effects against multiple myeloma (MM), diffused large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. However, the underlying mechanism of its action remains unknown. Methods We generated bortezomib (BTZ)-resistant cell lines, treated them with various concentrations of DCZ3301 over varying periods, and studied its effect on colony formation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA synthesis, and DNA damage response. We validated our results using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Results DCZ3301 overcame bortezomib (BTZ) resistance through regulation of the G2/M checkpoint in multiple myeloma (MM) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treatment of BTZ-resistant cells with DCZ3301 restored their drug sensitivity. DCZ3301 induced M phase cell cycle arrest in MM mainly via inhibiting DNA repair and enhancing DNA damage. Moreover, DCZ3301 promoted the phosphorylation of ATM, ATR, and their downstream proteins, and these responses were blocked by the ATM specific inhibitor KU55933. Conclusions Our study provides a proof-of-concept that warrants the clinical evaluation of DCZ3301 as a novel anti-tumor compound against BTZ resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangning Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gege Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Mengyu Xi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qilin Feng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yumeng Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wenxuan Bu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Houcai Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Warda K, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Grzanka A, Grzanka D. Mechanism of mitotic catastrophe and its role in anticancer therapy. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition of mitotic catastrophe has been the subject of scientific discussion for over a decade. Initially, it was thought that mitotic catastrophe is one of the types of cell death occurring during aberrant mitosis. A number of studies carried out in recent years allowed for a better understanding of the function of this process. According to the definition proposed by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death in 2018, mitotic catastrophe is an oncosuppressive mechanism that inhibits the proliferation and/or survival of cells that are unable to complete mitosis by inducing cell death or initiating cellular senescence. Mitotic catastrophe is recognized based on unique nuclear changes, the presence of abnormal mitotic figures and several molecular alterations. It is believed that avoiding mitotic catastrophe by genetically unstable cells promotes their unlimited growth, which can lead to cancer transformation. Therefore, the induction of mitotic catastrophe seems to be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of cancer. However, despite the significant role of this process, the molecular events between aberrant mitosis and cell death are still not well understood. It can be assumed that a thorough understanding of signaling pathways linking mitotic catastrophe with cell death will enable the effective use of known inducers of mitotic catastrophe in the treatment of cancer and provide new therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to present a morphological and functional definition of mitotic catastrophe and its potential role in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Warda
- Katedra Histologii i Embriologii, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Katedra Patomorfologii Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Katedra Histologii i Embriologii, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Katedra Patomorfologii Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
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Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Alhadlaq HA, Kumar S, Alrokayan SA. Mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy stimulation and non-apoptotic cell death caused by nitric oxide-inducing Pt-coated Au nanoparticle in human lung carcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129452. [PMID: 31676295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cancer therapeutic has been at higher appreciation than those mediated by reactive nitrogen species. Cytotoxic mechanism of a novel nitric oxide (NO) inducing-Pt coated Au nanoparticle (NP) has been comparatively studied with the well-established ROS inducing Pt-based anticancer drug cisplatin in human lung A549 carcinoma cells. METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) and C11-Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY). ROS (O2·- and H2O2) was measured with dihydroethidium (DHE) and H2O2-specific sensor. Nitric oxide (NO) and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated respectively by NO-specific probe DAR-1 and JC-1. Autophagy was determined by lysotracker (LTR) and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) applied tandemly whereas apoptosis/necrosis by Hoechst/PI and caspase 3 activity. RESULTS IC50 (concentration that inhibited cell viability by 50%) of Pt coated Au NP came to be 0.413 μM whereas IC50 of cisplatin came out to 86.5 μM in A549 cells treated for 24 h meaning NPs toxicity was over 200 times higher than cisplatin. However, no significant stimulation of intracellular ROS was observed at the IC50 of Pt coated Au NPs in A549 cells. However, markers like LDH release, TBARS, BODIPY and ROS were significantly higher due to cisplatin in comparison to Pt coated Au NP. CONCLUSIONS Pt coated Au NP caused NO-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Mode of cell death due to NP was much different from ROS-inducing cisplatin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Pt coated Au NP offer promising opportunity in cancer therapeutic and warrants advanced study in vivo models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, UP, India
| | - Salman A Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Hong AL, Tseng YY, Wala JA, Kim WJ, Kynnap BD, Doshi MB, Kugener G, Sandoval GJ, Howard TP, Li J, Yang X, Tillgren M, Ghandi M, Sayeed A, Deasy R, Ward A, McSteen B, Labella KM, Keskula P, Tracy A, Connor C, Clinton CM, Church AJ, Crompton BD, Janeway KA, Van Hare B, Sandak D, Gjoerup O, Bandopadhayay P, Clemons PA, Schreiber SL, Root DE, Gokhale PC, Chi SN, Mullen EA, Roberts CW, Kadoch C, Beroukhim R, Ligon KL, Boehm JS, Hahn WC. Renal medullary carcinomas depend upon SMARCB1 loss and are sensitive to proteasome inhibition. eLife 2019; 8:44161. [PMID: 30860482 PMCID: PMC6436895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and deadly kidney cancer in patients of African descent with sickle cell trait. We have developed faithful patient-derived RMC models and using whole-genome sequencing, we identified loss-of-function intronic fusion events in one SMARCB1 allele with concurrent loss of the other allele. Biochemical and functional characterization of these models revealed that RMC requires the loss of SMARCB1 for survival. Through integration of RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function genetic screens and a small-molecule screen, we found that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was essential in RMC. Inhibition of the UPS caused a G2/M arrest due to constitutive accumulation of cyclin B1. These observations extend across cancers that harbor SMARCB1 loss, which also require expression of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UBE2C. Our studies identify a synthetic lethal relationship between SMARCB1-deficient cancers and reliance on the UPS which provides the foundation for a mechanism-informed clinical trial with proteasome inhibitors. Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC for short) is a rare type of kidney cancer that affects teenagers and young adults. These patients are usually of African descent and carry one of the two genetic changes that cause sickle cell anemia. RMC is an aggressive disease without effective treatments and patients survive, on average, for only six to eight months after their diagnosis. Recent genetic studies found that most RMC cells have mutations that prevent them from producing a protein called SMARCB1. SMARCB1 normally acts as a so-called tumor suppressor, preventing cells from becoming cancerous. However, it was not clear whether RMCs always have to lose SMARCB1 if they are to survive and grow. Often, diseases are studied using laboratory-grown cells and tissues that have certain features of the disease. No such models had been created for RMC, which has slowed efforts to understand how the disease develops and find new treatments for it. Hong et al. therefore worked with patients to develop new lines of cells that can be used to study RMC in the laboratory. These RMC cells started dying when they were given copies of the SMARCB1 gene, which supports the theory that RMCs have to lose SMARCB1 in order to grow. Hong et al. then used a set of genetic reagents that can suppress or delete genes that are targeted by drugs, and followed this by testing a range of drugs on the RMC cells. Drugs and genetic reagents that reduced the activity of the proteasome – the structure inside cells that gets rid of old or unwanted proteins – caused the RMC cells to die. These proteasome inhibitor drugs also killed other kinds of cancer cells with SMARCB1 mutations. Proteasome inhibitors are already used to treat different types of cancer. Potentially, a clinical trial could be run to see if they will treat patients whose cancers lack SMARCB1. Further work is also needed to determine the exact link between SMARCB1 and the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hong
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Yuen-Yi Tseng
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Wala
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Won-Jun Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Mihir B Doshi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Gabriel J Sandoval
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Ji Li
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Mahmhoud Ghandi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Abeer Sayeed
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rebecca Deasy
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Abigail Ward
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Brian McSteen
- Rare Cancer Research Foundation, Durham, United States
| | | | - Paula Keskula
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Adam Tracy
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Cora Connor
- RMC Support, North Charleston, United States
| | - Catherine M Clinton
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Brian D Crompton
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - David Sandak
- Rare Cancer Research Foundation, Durham, United States
| | - Ole Gjoerup
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Susan N Chi
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Cigall Kadoch
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
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11
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Ibric A, Eckerstorfer S, Eder M, Louko I, Tunjic L, Heffeter P, Schueffl HH, Marian B, Haider N. Position-Selective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Four Isomeric A-Ring Amino Derivatives of the Alkaloid Luotonin A. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040716. [PMID: 30781470 PMCID: PMC6412769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following two orthogonal synthetic routes, a series of all four possible A-ring amino derivatives of the natural product Luotonin A (a known Topoisomerase I inhibitor) was synthesized. In both strategies, intramolecular cycloaddition reactions are the key step. The target compounds were obtained in good yields by mild catalytic transfer hydrogenation of the corresponding nitro precursors. In-vitro evaluation of the antiproliferative activity towards human tumor cell lines revealed the 4-amino compound (5b) to be the most effective agent, showing an interesting profile of cytotoxic activity. Among other effects, a significant G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed for this compound, suggesting that either Topoisomerase I is not the only biological target, or that some atypical mechanism is responsible for inhibition of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Ibric
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Eckerstorfer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Eder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ivan Louko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Leopold Tunjic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hemma Henrike Schueffl
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Norbert Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Farfán-García ED, Castillo-García EL, Soriano-Ursúa MA. More than boric acid: Increasing relevance of boron in medicine. World J Transl Med 2018; 7:1-4. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although boron has been a chemical element of interest since the ancient times, only a few boron-containing compounds (BCCs) had been used for medicinal purposes before the 21st century. Among these, only boric acid has been explored in multiple therapeutic applications. Hence, it is common to extrapolate from boric acid to all BCCs, supposing a similar biological effect. However, boric acid is just one of dozens of BCCs in nature and thousands available from chemical synthesis. Nowadays, there is a boom in research on new BCCs as potential tools in the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of human disease. We herein discuss the new role of BCCs in drug development, with emphasis on the compounds for which a mechanism of action has been proposed or demonstrated. Because of data gathered in recent years, BCCs have expanded beyond the well-known fields of antimicrobial and antineoplastic agents, now being explored for their possible use as enzyme inhibitors, regulators of protein expression and modulators of the immune response, as well as in biomaterials. We suggest that translational medicine can accelerate the medicinal applications of BCCs, which is especially important for the human diseases that are generating a high global burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice D Farfán-García
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Emily L Castillo-García
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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13
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Patatsos K, Shekhar TM, Hawkins CJ. Pre-clinical evaluation of proteasome inhibitors for canine and human osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:544-553. [PMID: 29998615 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a common malignancy in large dog breeds, typically metastasises from long bones to lungs and is usually fatal within 1 to 2 years of diagnosis. Better therapies are needed for canine patients and their human counterparts, a third of whom die within 5 years of diagnosis. We compared the in vitro sensitivity of canine osteosarcoma cells derived from 4 tumours to the currently used chemotherapy drugs doxorubicin and carboplatin, and 4 new anti-cancer drugs. Agents targeting histone deacetylases or PARP were ineffective. Two of the 4 cell lines were somewhat sensitive to the BH3-mimetic navitoclax. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib potently induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, at concentrations substantially lower than levels detected in the bones and lungs of treated rodents. Co-treatment with bortezomib and either doxorubicin or carboplatin was more toxic to canine osteosarcoma cells than each agent alone. Newer proteasome inhibitors carfilzomib, ixazomib, oprozomib and delanzomib manifested similar activities to bortezomib. Human osteosarcoma cells were as sensitive to bortezomib as the canine cells, but slightly less sensitive to the newer drugs. Human osteoblasts were less sensitive to proteasome inhibition than osteosarcoma cells, but physiologically relevant concentrations were toxic. Such toxicity, if replicated in vivo, may impair bone growth and strength in adolescent human osteosarcoma patients, but may be tolerated by canine patients, which are usually diagnosed later in life. Proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib may be useful for treating canine osteosarcoma, and ultimately may improve outcomes for human patients if their osteoblasts survive exposure in vivo, or if osteoblast toxicity can be managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Patatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T M Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C J Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Park CW, Bak Y, Kim MJ, Srinivasrao G, Hwang J, Sung NK, Kim BY, Yu JH, Hong JT, Yoon DY. The Novel Small Molecule STK899704 Promotes Senescence of the Human A549 NSCLC Cells by Inducing DNA Damage Responses and Cell Cycle Arrest. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:163. [PMID: 29713275 PMCID: PMC5912185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel synthetic compound designated STK899704 (PubChem CID: 5455708) suppresses the proliferation of a broad range of cancer cell types. However, the details of its effect on lung cancer cells are unclear. We investigated the precise anticancer effect of STK899704 on senescence and growth arrest of A549 human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. STK899704 affected NSCLC cell cycle progression and decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that STK899704 destabilized microtubules. Cell cycle analysis showed an increase in the population of NSCLC cells in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating that STK899704 might cause DNA damage via tubulin aggregation. Furthermore, we observed increased mitotic catastrophe in STK899704-treated cells. As STK899704 led to elevated levels of the p53 pathway-associated proteins, it would likely affect the core DNA damage response pathway. Moreover, STK899704 promoted senescence of NSCLC cells by inducing the p53-associated DNA damage response pathways. These findings suggest that the novel anti-proliferative small molecule STK899704 promotes cell death by inducing DNA damage response pathways and senescence after cell cycle arrest, being a potential drug for treating human lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Woo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Je Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ganipisetti Srinivasrao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nak K Sung
- World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Pratheeshkumar P, Siraj AK, Divya SP, Parvathareddy SK, Begum R, Melosantos R, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dawish M, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Downregulation of SKP2 in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Acts Synergistically With TRAIL on Inducing Apoptosis via ROS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1530-1544. [PMID: 29300929 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE S-phase kinase protein 2 (SKP2) is an F-box protein with proteasomal properties and has been found to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers. However, its role in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been fully elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN SKP2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format on a cohort of >1000 PTC samples. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed using proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and proapoptopic death ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) either alone or in combination on PTC cell lines. RESULTS SKP2 was overexpressed in 45.5% of PTC cases and was significantly associated with extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.0451), distant metastasis (P = 0.0435), and tall cell variant (P = 0.0271). SKP2 overexpression was also directly associated with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein overexpression (P < 0.0001) and Bcl-xL overexpression (P = 0.0005) and inversely associated with death receptor 5 (P < 0.0001). The cotreatment of bortezomib and TRAIL synergistically induced apoptosis via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in PTC cell lines. Furthermore, bortezomib and TRAIL synergistically induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and caused death receptor 5 upregulation through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-C/EBP homologous protein signaling cascade. Finally, bortezomib treatment augmented the TRAIL-mediated anticancer effect on PTC xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSION These data suggest that SKP2 is a potential therapeutic target in PTC and that a combination of bortezomib and TRAIL might be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with aggressive PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rafia Begum
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roxanne Melosantos
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif S Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Dawish
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Bai Z, Gao M, Xu X, Zhang H, Xu J, Guan Q, Wang Q, Du J, Li Z, Zuo D, Zhang W, Wu Y. Overcoming resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis by BZML-induced mitotic catastrophe is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy in A549/Taxol cells. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12450. [PMID: 29493085 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our previous in vitro study showed that 5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-4-methyl-2-(p-tolyl) imidazol (BZML) is a novel colchicine binding site inhibitor with potent anti-cancer activity against apoptosis resistance in A549/Taxol cells through mitotic catastrophe (MC). However, the mechanisms underlying apoptosis resistance in A549/Taxol cells remain unknown. To clarify these mechanisms, in the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy, which are closely associated with MC in BZML-treated A549 and A549/Taxol cells. METHODS Xenograft NSCLC models induced by A549 and A549/Taxol cells were used to evaluate the efficacy of BZML in vivo. The activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was assessed using JC-1 staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining, a caspase-9 fluorescence metric assay kit and western blot. The different functional forms of autophagy were distinguished by determining the impact of autophagy inhibition on drug sensitivity. RESULTS Our data showed that BZML also exhibited desirable anti-cancer activity against drug-resistant NSCLC in vivo. Moreover, BZML caused ROS generation and MMP loss followed by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol in both A549 and A549/Taxol cells. However, the ROS-mediated apoptotic pathway involving the mitochondria that is induced by BZML was only fully activated in A549 cells but not in A549/Taxol cells. Importantly, we found that autophagy acted as a non-protective type of autophagy during BZML-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, whereas it acted as a type of cytoprotective autophagy against BZML-induced MC in A549/Taxol cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the anti-apoptosis property of A549/Taxol cells originates from a defect in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and autophagy inhibitors can potentiate BZML-induced MC to overcome resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshi Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiqi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengqiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Amawi H, Karthikeyan C, Pathak R, Hussein N, Christman R, Robey R, Ashby CR, Trivedi P, Malhotra A, Tiwari AK. Thienopyrimidine derivatives exert their anticancer efficacy via apoptosis induction, oxidative stress and mitotic catastrophe. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1053-1065. [PMID: 28759878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 13 structural variants of thieno[2,3d]pyrimidine derivatives (6a-6m) were synthesized and screened for cytotoxicity in a panel of colorectal, ovarian, and brain cancer cell lines. The selectivity of the compounds was assessed by determining the cytotoxicity in normal epithelial cell line (CHO). The most potent compound, 6j, was efficacious (with IC50 range of 0.6-1.2 μM) in colon (HCT116 and HCT15), brain (LN-229 and GBM-10) and ovarian (A2780 and OV2008) cancer cell lines. In contrast, in the normal cell line (CHO), the IC50 values for 6j were 14 ± 1.3 μM. Compound 6j significantly inhibited the clonogenic potential of HCT116, OV2008 and A2780 cell lines in concentration - dependent (0.5-4 μM) manner. Also, 6j induced 1) formation of reactive oxygen species; 2) apoptosis and 3) mitotic catastrophe in HCT116 and OV2008 cells (IC50 = 0.5-2 μM). Furthermore, apoptosis was the predominant mechanism of death in A2780 cells. The cytotoxicity of 6j in wild type HCT116 cells was similar to that in HCT116 cells lacking the apoptotic genes for Bax, Bak, or Bak and Bax, indicating that 6j induces mitotic catastrophe as alternative mechanism of death when when certain apoptotic proteins are absent. In summary, this study has identified a lead molecule, 6j, that selectively induces oxidative stress, apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in specific cancer (colon and ovarian) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal MP, India.
| | - Rekha Pathak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal MP, India
| | - Noor Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ryann Christman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Robert Robey
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University Queens, NY, USA
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal MP, India
| | - Ashim Malhotra
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA.
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