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Zhao K, Wu C, Li X, Niu M, Wu D, Cui X, Zhao H. From mechanism to therapy: the journey of CD24 in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1401528. [PMID: 38881902 PMCID: PMC11176514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that is expressed in a wide range of tissues and cell types. It is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Additionally, CD24 has been studied extensively in the context of cancer, where it has been found to play a role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In recent years, there has been growing interest in CD24 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CD24, including its structure, function, and its role in cancer. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of CD24 and discuss possible approaches for the development of targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caifeng Wu
- Department of Hand and Foot, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchao Niu
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Petrella PE, Chen JW, Ravelo GO, Cosgrove BD. Chemoresistance to additive PARP/PI3K dual inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines is associated with adaptive stem cell-like prevalence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.28.591568. [PMID: 38746322 PMCID: PMC11092486 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.28.591568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are posited to exhibit specialized oncogenic capacity to drive malignancies. CSCs are distinguished by enhanced hallmarks of cancer, including apoptosis avoidance, phenotypic plasticity and aberrant growth pathway signaling. Standard-of-care chemotherapies targeted to rapidly cycling cells routinely fail to eliminate this resistant subpopulation, leading to disease recurrence and metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer, is enriched for tumor-propagating CD44+/CD24-/low CSCs, which are poorly ablated by chemotherapeutics and are associated with poor prognosis. CD44 governs sustained PI3K signaling in breast cancer, which is essential for CSC maintenance. PI3K inhibition can elicit DNA damage and down-regulate BRCA1 expression, which in turn enhance the synthetic lethality of PARP inhibitors. Here, we examined a dual chemotherapeutic approach targeting these pathways by combining a pan-PI3K inhibitor (Buparlisib) and a PARP1 inhibitor (Olaparib) on a panel of TNBC cell lines with distinct mutational profiles and proportions of CSCs. We observed differential sensitivity to this dual inhibition strategy and varying cellular stress and resistance responses across eight TNBC lines. The dual chemotherapeutic effect is associated with a reduction in S-phase cells, an increased in apoptotic cells and elevated expression of cleaved PARP, indicating a provoked replicative stress response. We observed that PARP/PI3K inhibition efficacy was potentiated by repeated administration in some TNBC lines and identified critical treatment schedules, which further potentiated the dual chemotherapeutic effect. Dual inhibition induced small but significant increases in CSC relative abundance as marked by CD44+/CD24-/low or ALDH1+ cells and increased stress and survival signaling in multiple TNBC cell lines, suggesting this sub-population contributes to TNBC chemoresistance. These results suggest the additive effects of PARP and PI3K inhibition against CSC phenotypes may be enhanced by temporally-staged administration in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason W. Chen
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gabrielle O. Ravelo
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Cosgrove
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology and
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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3
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Karimifard SA, Salehzadeh-Yazdi A, Taghizadeh-Tabarsi R, Akbari-Birgani S. Mechanical effects modulate drug resistance in MCF-7-derived organoids: Insights into the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149420. [PMID: 38154263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Addressing drug resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment, as cancer cells develop diverse mechanisms to evade chemotherapy drugs, leading to treatment failure and disease relapse. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has emerged as a valuable model for studying drug resistance, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. By obtaining a better understanding of drug resistance within the 3D culture environment, we can develop more effective strategies to overcome it and improve the success of cancer treatments. Notably, the physical structure undergoes notable changes in 3D culture, with mechanical effects believed to play a pivotal role in drug resistance. Hence, our study aimed to explore the influence of mechanical effects on drug resistance by analyzing data related to "drug resistance" and "mechanobiology". Through this analysis, we identified β-catenin and JNK1 as potential factors, which were further examined in MCF-7 cells cultivated under both 2D and 3D culture conditions. Our findings demonstrate that β-catenin is activated through canonical and non-canonical pathways and associated with the drug resistance, particularly in organoids obtained under 3D culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Karimifard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | | | - Reza Taghizadeh-Tabarsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Shiva Akbari-Birgani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran; Research Center for Basic Sciences and Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
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4
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Zhu X, Yu J, Ai F, Wang Y, Lv W, Yu G, Cao X, Lin J. CD24 May Serve as an Immunotherapy Target in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Regulating the Expression of PD-L1. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:967-984. [PMID: 38164371 PMCID: PMC10758189 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s409054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Purpose CD24 mediates a "don't eat me" signal to escape the immune environment. However, the correlation between CD24 and PD-L1 is unclear. This study aimed to assess if CD24 can serve as a target for immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods Data on CD24 expression in breast cancer were acquired using the Oncomine and UALCAN tools. The role of CD24 expression on the prognosis of patients with TNBC was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Subsequently, STRING and TISIDB databases were used to construct protein-protein interaction networks and to explore immune-related molecules regulated by CD24. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays were conducted to validate CD24 and PD-L1 expression and tumor infiltration lymphocyte (TIL) level. Survival analysis was also performed to explore the effect of CD24 and PD-L1 expression and TIL level in patients with TNBC. ShRNA was also used to explore the regulation role of CD24 on PD-L1 expression. Results CD24 expression was significantly higher in breast cancer than in normal tissues, with high expression being significantly associated with a worse prognosis. CD24 was found to be significantly regulated by chemokines, immunoinhibitors, immunostimulators and TILs. Furthermore, CD24 expression showed a significant positive correlation with PD-L1 expression and a negative correlation with TIL level. In association with PD-L1, CD24 was found to positively regulate lymphocyte costimulation, T cell costimulation, and leukocyte activation. Furthermore, CD24 and PD-L1 co-expression contributed to worse survival outcomes. In addition, CD24 expression was found to attenuate the positive effects of high-level TILs on the prognosis of patients with TNBC. CD24 can also regulate the expression of PD-L1 in TNBC cells. Conclusion CD24 may attenuate the positive effects of high TIL levels on survival and may facilitate the immune escape of TNBC by regulating PD-L1 expression. Thus, it is a potential target for immunotherapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fulu Ai
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiankui Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People’s Republic of China
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Yang Y, Zhu G, Yang L, Yang Y. Targeting CD24 as a novel immunotherapy for solid cancers. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:312. [PMID: 37919766 PMCID: PMC10623753 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24), a mucin-like highly glycosylated molecule has been extensively studied as a cancer stem cell marker in a variety of solid cancers. The functional role of CD24 is either fulfilled by combining with ligands or participating in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. Recently, CD24 was also described as an innate immune checkpoint with apparent significance in several types of solid cancers. Herein, we review the current understanding of the molecular fundamentals of CD24, the role of CD24 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, the possibility as a promising therapeutic target and summarized different therapeutic agents or strategies targeting CD24 in solid cancers. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Tumor-Targeted Drug Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taian, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Tumor-Targeted Drug Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China.
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Zaarour RF, Ribeiro M, Azzarone B, Kapoor S, Chouaib S. Tumor microenvironment-induced tumor cell plasticity: relationship with hypoxic stress and impact on tumor resistance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222575. [PMID: 37886168 PMCID: PMC10598765 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of tumor interaction with stromal components during carcinogenesis is crucial for the design of efficient cancer treatment approaches. It is widely admitted that tumor hypoxic stress is associated with tumor aggressiveness and thus impacts susceptibility and resistance to different types of treatments. Notable biological processes that hypoxia functions in include its regulation of tumor heterogeneity and plasticity. While hypoxia has been reported as a major player in tumor survival and dissemination regulation, the significance of hypoxia inducible factors in cancer stem cell development remains poorly understood. Several reports indicate that the emergence of cancer stem cells in addition to their phenotype and function within a hypoxic tumor microenvironment impacts cancer progression. In this respect, evidence showed that cancer stem cells are key elements of intratumoral heterogeneity and more importantly are responsible for tumor relapse and escape to treatments. This paper briefly reviews our current knowledge of the interaction between tumor hypoxic stress and its role in stemness acquisition and maintenance. Our review extensively covers the influence of hypoxia on the formation and maintenance of cancer stem cells and discusses the potential of targeting hypoxia-induced alterations in the expression and function of the so far known stem cell markers in cancer therapy approaches. We believe that a better and integrated understanding of the effect of hypoxia on stemness during carcinogenesis might lead to new strategies for exploiting hypoxia-associated pathways and their targeting in the clinical setting in order to overcome resistance mechanisms. More importantly, at the present time, efforts are oriented towards the design of innovative therapeutical approaches that specifically target cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- RF. Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Ribeiro
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - B. Azzarone
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Kapoor
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - S. Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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7
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Sunassee ED, Jardim-Perassi BV, Madonna MC, Ordway B, Ramanujam N. Metabolic Imaging as a Tool to Characterize Chemoresistance and Guide Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:995-1009. [PMID: 37343066 PMCID: PMC10592445 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
After an initial response to chemotherapy, tumor relapse is frequent. This event is reflective of both the spatiotemporal heterogeneities of the tumor microenvironment as well as the evolutionary propensity of cancer cell populations to adapt to variable conditions. Because the cause of this adaptation could be genetic or epigenetic, studying phenotypic properties such as tumor metabolism is useful as it reflects molecular, cellular, and tissue-level dynamics. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the characteristic metabolic phenotype is a highly fermentative state. However, during treatment, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the metabolic landscape are highly unstable, with surviving populations taking on a variety of metabolic states. Thus, longitudinally imaging tumor metabolism provides a promising approach to inform therapeutic strategies, and to monitor treatment responses to understand and mitigate recurrence. Here we summarize some examples of the metabolic plasticity reported in TNBC following chemotherapy and review the current metabolic imaging techniques available in monitoring chemotherapy responses clinically and preclinically. The ensemble of imaging technologies we describe has distinct attributes that make them uniquely suited for a particular length scale, biological model, and/or features that can be captured. We focus on TNBC to highlight the potential of each of these technological advances in understanding evolution-based therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enakshi D. Sunassee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Megan C. Madonna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bryce Ordway
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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8
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Yang P, Yu F, Yao Z, Ding X, Xu H, Zhang J. CD24 is a novel target of chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3191-3202. [PMID: 37418008 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with the highest degree of malignancy and the worst prognosis. The application of immunotherapy for TNBC is limited. This study was to verify the potential application of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T cells) targeting CD24 named as 24BBz in treatment of TNBC. 24BBz was constructed by lentivirus infection and then was co-culture with breast cancer cell lines to evaluate the activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity of engineered T cells. The anti-tumor activity of 24BBz was verified in the subcutaneous xenograft model of nude mice. We found that CD24 gene was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer (BRCA), especially in TNBC. 24BBz showed antigen-specific activation and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against CD24-positive BRCA tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, 24BBz showed significant anti-tumor effect in CD24-positive TNBC xenografts and T cells infiltration in tumor tissues, while some T cells exhibited exhaustion. No pathological damage of major organs was found during the treatment. This study proved that CD24-specific CAR-T cells have potent anti-tumor activity and potential application value in treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Yang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Anji Biological Technology Co., LTD, Nanjing, 210033, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yao
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Yu H, Yu M, Liu H, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhao S, Xia Q. CD24 blockade as a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110557. [PMID: 37379708 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The CD24 protein is a heat-stable protein with a small core that undergoes extensive glycosylation. It is expressed on the surface of various normal cells, including lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and inflammatory cells. CD24 exerts its function by binding to different ligands. Numerous studies have demonstrated the close association of CD24 with tumor occurrence and progression. CD24 not only facilitates tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and immune evasion but also plays a role in tumor initiation, thus, serving as a marker on the surface of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Additionally, CD24 induces drug resistance in various tumor cells following chemotherapy. To counteract the tumor-promoting effects of CD24, several treatment strategies targeting CD24 have been explored, such as the use of CD24 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) alone, the combination of CD24 and chemotoxic drugs, or the combination of these drugs with other targeted immunotherapeutic techniques. Regardless of the approach, targeting CD24 has demonstrated significant anti-tumor effects. Therefore, the present study focuses on anti-tumor therapy and provides a comprehensive review of the structure and fundamental physiological function of CD24 and its impact on tumor development, and suggests that targeting CD24 may represent an effective strategy for treating malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology and Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Accurate Pathological Diagnosis of Intractable Tumors, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Pathological Diagnostic Antibody, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology and Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Accurate Pathological Diagnosis of Intractable Tumors, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Pathological Diagnostic Antibody, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology and Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Accurate Pathological Diagnosis of Intractable Tumors, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Pathological Diagnostic Antibody, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Accurate Pathological Diagnosis of Intractable Tumors, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology and Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Accurate Pathological Diagnosis of Intractable Tumors, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Simin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology and Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Accurate Pathological Diagnosis of Intractable Tumors, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Qingxin Xia
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology and Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Accurate Pathological Diagnosis of Intractable Tumors, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Pathological Diagnostic Antibody, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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Systemically Identifying Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtype-Specific Prognosis Signatures, Based on Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030367. [PMID: 36766710 PMCID: PMC9913740 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes. Although progress has been made, the identification of TNBC subtype-associated biomarkers is still hindered by traditional RNA-seq or array technologies, since bulk data detected by them usually have some non-disease tissue samples, or they are confined to measure the averaged properties of whole tissues. To overcome these constraints and discover TNBC subtype-specific prognosis signatures (TSPSigs), we proposed a single-cell RNA-seq-based bioinformatics approach for identifying TSPSigs. Notably, the TSPSigs we developed mostly were found to be disease-related and involved in cancer development through investigating their enrichment analysis results. In addition, the prognostic power of TSPSigs was successfully confirmed in four independent validation datasets. The multivariate analysis results showed that TSPSigs in two TNBC subtypes-BL1 and LAR, were two independent prognostic factors. Further, analysis results of the TNBC cell lines revealed that the TSPSigs expressions and drug sensitivities had significant associations. Based on the preceding data, we concluded that TSPSigs could be exploited as novel candidate prognostic markers for TNBC patients and applied to individualized treatment in the future.
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New Visions on Natural Products and Cancer Therapy: Autophagy and Related Regulatory Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235839. [PMID: 36497321 PMCID: PMC9738256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) has been a highly conserved process throughout evolution and allows cells to degrade aggregated/misfolded proteins, dysfunctional or superfluous organelles and damaged macromolecules, in order to recycle them for biosynthetic and/or energetic purposes to preserve cellular homeostasis and health. Changes in autophagy are indeed correlated with several pathological disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, infections, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Conversely, autophagy controls both apoptosis and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cells. Therefore, any changes in the autophagy pathway will affect both the UPR and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that several natural products can modulate (induce or inhibit) the autophagy pathway. Natural products may target different regulatory components of the autophagy pathway, including specific kinases or phosphatases. In this review, we evaluated ~100 natural compounds and plant species and their impact on different types of cancers via the autophagy pathway. We also discuss the impact of these compounds on the UPR and apoptosis via the autophagy pathway. A multitude of preclinical findings have shown the function of botanicals in regulating cell autophagy and its potential impact on cancer therapy; however, the number of related clinical trials to date remains low. In this regard, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are warranted to better clarify the utility of natural compounds and their modulatory effects on autophagy, as fine-tuning of autophagy could be translated into therapeutic applications for several cancers.
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Deutsch RJ, D’Agostino VW, Sunassee ED, Kwan M, Madonna MC, Palmer G, Crouch BT, Ramanujam N. A Spectroscopic Technique to Simultaneously Characterize Fatty Acid Uptake, Mitochondrial Activity, Vascularity, and Oxygen Saturation for Longitudinal Studies In Vivo. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050369. [PMID: 35629873 PMCID: PMC9143017 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive breast cancer has been shown to shift its metabolism towards increased lipid catabolism as the primary carbon source for oxidative phosphorylation. In this study, we present a technique to longitudinally monitor lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in pre-clinical tumor models to investigate the metabolic changes with mammary tissue development and characterize metabolic differences between primary murine breast cancer and normal mammary tissue. We used optical spectroscopy to measure the signal of two simultaneously injected exogenous fluorescent metabolic reporters: TMRE (oxidative phosphorylation surrogate) and Bodipy FL C16 (lipid catabolism surrogate). We leverage an inverse Monte Carlo algorithm to correct for aberrations resulting from tissue optical properties and to extract vascular endpoints relevant to oxidative metabolism, specifically oxygen saturation (SO2) and hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]). We extensively validated our optical method to demonstrate that our two fluorescent metabolic endpoints can be measured without chemical or optical crosstalk and that dual measurements of both fluorophores in vivo faithfully recapitulate the measurements of each fluorophore independently. We then applied our method to track the metabolism of growing 4T1 and 67NR breast tumors and aging mammary tissue, all highly metabolic tissue types. Our results show the changes in metabolism as a function of mammary age and tumor growth, and these changes can be best distinguished through the combination of endpoints measured with our system. Clustering analysis incorporating both Bodipy FL C16 and TMRE endpoints combined with either SO2 or [Hb] proved to be the most effective in minimizing intra-group variance and maximizing inter-group differences. Our platform can be extended to applications in which long-term metabolic flexibility is important to study, for example in tumor regression, recurrence following dormancy, and responses to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley J. Deutsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (R.J.D.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.M.); (B.T.C.); (N.R.)
| | - Victoria W. D’Agostino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (R.J.D.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.M.); (B.T.C.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Enakshi D. Sunassee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (R.J.D.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.M.); (B.T.C.); (N.R.)
| | - Michelle Kwan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Megan C. Madonna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (R.J.D.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.M.); (B.T.C.); (N.R.)
| | - Gregory Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Brian T. Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (R.J.D.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.M.); (B.T.C.); (N.R.)
| | - Nimmi Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (R.J.D.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.M.); (B.T.C.); (N.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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13
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Liang J, Zhao YJ, Li JQ, Lan L, Tao WJ, Wu JY. A pilot study on biological characteristics of human CD24(+) stem cells from the apical papilla. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:264-275. [PMID: 35028047 PMCID: PMC8739277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose CD24 is a specific cell surface marker for undifferentiated dental stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) seen only during root development, before the tooth emerges through gum. But the comprehensive role of CD24 in the SCAPs is unclear. This study aims to clarify the exact roles of CD24 in SCAPs. Materials and methods SCAPs were divided into CD24 (+)-SCAPs (high percentage CD24) and CD24 (-)-SCAPs (low percentage CD24) via flow cytometry. The proliferation, migration and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of the two groups were detected, RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of osteogenic/adipogenic related genes and thegene expression were analyzed. Results The proliferative and migratory ability of CD24 (-)-SCAPs were significantly stronger than that of CD24 (+)-SCAPs. Although, the mineralization process and the osteogenic genes expression were not significantly difference in the two groups. Both CD24 (+)-SCAPs and CD24 (-)-SCAPs differentiated into adipocytes. The adipogenic differentiation in CD24 (+)-SCAPs was better than that in CD24 (-)-SCAPs, after 3 weeks of adipogenic induction. However, the expression of adipogenic related gene, PPAR γ2 mRNA in CD24 (+)-SCAPs was lower than that in CD24 (-)-SCAPs after 1 week of adipogenic induction. But the trend changed for the opposite after 3 weeks. Conclusion The study proposes that CD24 has a regulatory effect on the adipogenic differentiation of SCAPs, and this may be attained by targeting the PPAR γ2 mRNA. Concurrently, it was found that CD24 plays an inhibitory role in the proliferation and migration of SCAPs, which may minimize the manifestation of diseases caused by an abnormal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Ya-Jin Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Jun-Qing Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Lan Lan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Tao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Jia-Yuan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
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14
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Ni YH, Zhao X, Wang W. CD24, A Review of its Role in Tumor Diagnosis, Progression and Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:109-126. [PMID: 32576128 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200623170738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD24, is a mucin-like GPI-anchored molecules. By immunohistochemistry, it is widely detected in many solid tumors, such as breast cancers, genital system cancers, digestive system cancers, neural system cancers and so on. The functional roles of CD24 are either fulfilled by combination with ligands or participate in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. However, the character of CD24 remains to be intriguing because there are still opposite voices about the impact of CD24 on tumors. In preclinical studies, CD24 target therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, target silencing by RNA interference and immunotherapy, have shown us brighten futures on the anti-tumor application. Nevertheless, evidences based on clinical studies are urgently needed. Here, with expectancy to spark new ideas, we summarize the relevant studies about CD24 from a tumor perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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15
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Kothari C, Clemenceau A, Ouellette G, Ennour-Idrissi K, Michaud A, C.-Gaudreault R, Diorio C, Durocher F. TBC1D9: An Important Modulator of Tumorigenesis in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3557. [PMID: 34298771 PMCID: PMC8304074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a major concern among the different subtypes of breast cancer (BC) due to the lack of effective treatment. In a previous study by our group aimed at understanding the difference between TNBC and non-TNBC tumors, we identified the gene TBC1 domain family member 9 (TBC1D9), the expression of which was lower in TNBC as compared to non-TNBC tumors. In the present study, analysis of TBC1D9 expression in TNBC (n = 58) and non-TNBC (n = 25) patient tumor samples validated that TBC1D9 expression can differentiate TNBC (low) from non-TNBC (high) samples and that expression of TBC1D9 was inversely correlated with grade and proliferative index. Moreover, we found that downregulation of the TBC1D9 gene decreases the proliferation marginally in non-TNBC and was associated with increased migratory and tumorigenic potential in both TNBC and luminal BC cell lines. This increase was mediated by the upregulation of ARL8A, ARL8B, PLK1, HIF1α, STAT3, and SPP1 expression in TBC1D9 knockdown cells. Our results suggest that TBC1D9 expression might limit tumor aggressiveness and that it has a differential expression in TNBC vs. non-TNBC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Kothari
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Alisson Clemenceau
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Geneviève Ouellette
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Kaoutar Ennour-Idrissi
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, de Biochimie Médicale et de Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
| | - Annick Michaud
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - René C.-Gaudreault
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale, l’Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
- Centre des Maladies du Sein, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
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16
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A novel cystathionine γ-lyase inhibitor, I194496, inhibits the growth and metastasis of human TNBC via downregulating multiple signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8963. [PMID: 33903672 PMCID: PMC8076300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high-risk subtype of breast cancer with high capacity for metastasis and lacking of therapeutic targets. Our previous studies indicated that cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) may be a new target related to the recurrence or metastasis of TNBC. Downregulation of CSE could inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of the novel CSE inhibitor I194496 against TNBC in vivo and in vitro. The anticancer activity of I194496 in vitro were detected by MTS, EdU, and transwell assays. Methylene blue assay was used to determine the H2S level. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of related pathway proteins. Xenograft tumors in nude mice were used to analyze the anticancer activity of I194496 in vivo. I194496 exerted potent inhibitory effects than l-propargylglycine (PAG, an existing CSE inhibitor) on human TNBC cells and possessed lower toxicity in normal breast epithelial Hs578Bst cells. I194496 reduced the activity and expression of CSE protein and the release of H2S in human TNBC cells. Meanwhile, the protein levels of PI3K, Akt, phospho (p)-Akt, Ras, Raf, p-ERK, p-Anxa2, STAT3, p-STAT3, VEGF, FAK, and Paxillin were decreased in human TNBC cells administrated with I194496. Furthermore, I194496 showed more stronger inhibitory effects on human TNBC xenograft tumors in nude mice. I194496 could inhibit the growth of human TNBC cells via the dual targeting PI3K/Akt and Ras/Raf/ERK pathway and suppress the metastasis of human TNBC cells via down-regulating Anxa2/STAT3 and VEGF/FAK/Paxillin signaling pathways. CSE inhibitor I194496 might become a novel and potential agent in the treatment of TNBC.
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17
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Koh MZ, Ho WY, Yeap SK, Ali NM, Boo L, Alitheen NB. Regulation of Cellular and Cancer Stem Cell-Related Putative Gene Expression of Parental and CD44 +CD24 - Sorted MDA-MB-231 Cells by Cisplatin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050391. [PMID: 33919109 PMCID: PMC8143088 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype that promotes a higher risk of metastasis and cancer reoccurrence. Cisplatin is one of the potential anticancer drugs for treating TNBC. However, the occurrence of cisplatin resistance still remains one of the challenges in fully eradicating TNBC. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been proposed as one of the factors contributing to the development of cisplatin resistance. In this study, we aimed to characterize the cellular properties and reveal the corresponding putative target genes involved in cisplatin resistance associated with CSCs using the TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231). CSC-like cells were isolated from parental cells and the therapeutic effect of cisplatin on CSC-like cells was compared to that of the parental cells via cell characterization bioassays. A PCR array was then conducted to study the expression of cellular mRNA for each subpopulation. As compared to treated parental cells, treated CSCs displayed lower events of late apoptosis/necrosis and G2/M phase cell arrest, with higher mammosphere formation capacity. Furthermore, a distinct set of putative target genes correlated to the Hedgehog pathway and angiogenesis were dysregulated solely in CSC-like cells after cisplatin treatment, which were closely related to the regulation of chemoresistance and self-renewability in breast cancer. In summary, both cellular and gene expression studies suggest the attenuated cytotoxicity of cisplatin in CSC-like cells as compared to parental cells. Understanding the role of dysregulated putative target genes induced by cisplatin in CSCs may aid in the potential development of therapeutic targets for cisplatin-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Zie Koh
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (W.Y.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.Y.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Lily Boo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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18
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A Comparative in Silico Analysis of CD24's Prognostic Value in Human and Canine Prostate Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030232. [PMID: 33806857 PMCID: PMC8004660 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a cell surface molecule anchored by glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol and expressed by different human cancers, including prostate cancer (PC). Some studies have demonstrated that CD24 expression is associated with poor patient outcome; however, few studies have investigated CD24 expression in spontaneous animal models of human PC, such as canine PC. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CD24 in human PC using the in silico analysis of the data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and comparing it with the previously published prostatic canine transcriptome data. In addition, CD24 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of canine prostatic samples and its prognostic significance assessed. The systematic review identified 10 publications fitting with the inclusion criteria of this study. Of the 10 manuscripts, 5 demonstrated a direct correlation between CD24 overexpression and patient prognoses. CD24 expression was also associated with PSA relapse (2/5) and tumor progression (1/5). However, the in silico analysis did not validate CD24 as a prognostic factor of human PC. Regarding canine PC, 10 out of 30 normal prostates and 27 out of 40 PC samples were positive for CD24. As in humans, there was no association with overall survival. Overall, our results demonstrated a significant CD24 overexpression in human and canine prostate cancer, although its prognostic value may be questionable. However, tumors overexpressing CD24 may be a reliable model for new target therapies and dogs could be used of a unique preclinical model for these studies.
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19
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The Emerging Role of CD24 in Cancer Theranostics-A Novel Target for Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery in Ovarian Cancer and Beyond. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040255. [PMID: 33260974 PMCID: PMC7712410 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete cytoreductive surgery is the cornerstone of the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The application of fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) allows for the increased intraoperative visualization and delineation of malignant lesions by using fluorescently labeled targeting biomarkers, thereby improving intraoperative guidance. CD24, a small glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface receptor, is overexpressed in approximately 70% of solid cancers, and has been proposed as a prognostic and therapeutic tumor-specific biomarker for EOC. Recently, preclinical studies have demonstrated the benefit of CD24-targeted contrast agents for non-invasive fluorescence imaging, as well as improved tumor resection by employing CD24-targeted FIGS in orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models of EOC. The successful detection of miniscule metastases denotes CD24 as a promising biomarker for the application of fluorescence-guided surgery in EOC patients. The aim of this review is to present the clinical and preclinically evaluated biomarkers for ovarian cancer FIGS, highlight the strengths of CD24, and propose a future bimodal approach combining CD24-targeted fluorescence imaging with radionuclide detection and targeted therapy.
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20
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Ahn YT, Kim MS, Kim YS, An WG. Astaxanthin Reduces Stemness Markers in BT20 and T47D Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Inhibiting Expression of Pontin and Mutant p53. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110577. [PMID: 33233699 PMCID: PMC7699712 DOI: 10.3390/md18110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a product made from marine organisms that has been used as an anti-cancer supplement. It reduces pontin expression and induces apoptosis in SKBR3, a breast cancer cell line. Using Western blotting and qRT-PCR analyses, this study revealed that in the T47D and BT20 breast cancer cell lines, AST inhibits expression of pontin and mutp53, as well as the Oct4 and Nanog cancer stem cell (CSC) stemness genes. In addition, we explored the mechanism by which AST eradicates breast cancer cells using pontin siRNAs. Pontin knockdown by pontin siRNA reduced proliferation, Oct4 and Nanog expression, colony and spheroid formation, and migration and invasion abilities in breast cancer cells. In addition, reductions in Oct4, Nanog, and mutp53 expression following rottlerin treatment confirmed the role of pontin in these cells. Therefore, pontin may play a central role in the regulation of CSC properties and in cell proliferation following AST treatment. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that AST can repress CSC stemness genes in breast cancer cells, which implies that AST therapy could be used to improve the efficacy of other anti-cancer therapies against breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tae Ahn
- Research Institute for Longevity and Well-Being, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Youn Sook Kim
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Won Gun An
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8455
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21
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Sun J, Feng D, Xi H, Luo J, Zhou Z, Liu Q, Chen Y, Shao Q. CD24 blunts the sensitivity of retinoblastoma to vincristine by modulating autophagy. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1740-1759. [PMID: 32394616 PMCID: PMC7400807 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common childhood malignant intraocular tumor. The clinical efficacy of vincristine (VCR) in the treatment of RB is severely limited by drug resistance. Here, we found that CD24, a GPI-anchored protein, was overexpressed in human RB tissues and RB cell lines, and was associated with the sensitivity of RB cells in response to VCR therapy. We demonstrated that CD24 plays a critical role in impairing RB sensitivity to VCR via regulating autophagy. Mechanistically, CD24 recruits PTEN to the lipid raft domain and regulates the PTEN/AKT/mTORC1 pathway to activate autophagy. Lipid raft localization was essential for CD24 recruitment function. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel role of CD24 in regulating RB sensitivity to VCR and showed that CD24 is a potential target for improving chemotherapeutic sensitivity and RB patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongju Feng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Eye Research Institute, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Luo
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zewei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Yang LW, Wu XJ, Liang Y, Ye GQ, Che YC, Wu XZ, Zhu XJ, Fan HL, Fan XP, Xu JF. miR-155 increases stemness and decitabine resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells by inhibiting TSPAN5. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:447-461. [PMID: 32096299 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a special type of breast cancer (BC) with rapid metastasis and poor prognosis, are lacking, especially for patients with chemotherapy resistance. Decitabine (DCA) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved DNA methyltransferase inhibitor that has been proven effective for the treatment of tumors. However, its antitumor effect in cancer cells is limited by multidrug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are thought to act as seeds during tumor formation, regulate tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance through complex signaling. Our previous study found that miR-155 is upregulated in BC, but whether and how miR-155 regulates DCA resistance is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-155 was upregulated in CD24- CD44+ BC stem cells (BCSCs). In addition, the overexpression of miR-155 increased the number of CD24- CD44+ CSCs, DCA resistance and tumor clone formation in MDA-231 and BT-549 BC cells, and knockdown of miR-155 inhibited DCA resistance and stemness in BCSCs in vitro. Moreover, miR-155 induced stemness and DCA resistance by inhibiting the direct target gene tetraspanin-5 (TSPAN5). We further confirmed that overexpression of TSPAN5 abrogated the effect of miR-155 in promoting stemness and DCA resistance in BC cells. Our data show that miR-155 increases stemness and DCA resistance in BC cells by targeting TSPAN5. These data provide a therapeutic strategy and mechanistic basis for future possible clinical applications targeting the miR-155/TSPAN5 signaling axis in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- La-Wei Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Jin Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guang-Qing Ye
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu-Chuang Che
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xue-Zhen Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Huo-Liang Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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23
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Alshaer W, Alqudah DA, Wehaibi S, Abuarqoub D, Zihlif M, Hatmal MM, Awidi A. Downregulation of STAT3, β-Catenin, and Notch-1 by Single and Combinations of siRNA Treatment Enhance Chemosensitivity of Wild Type and Doxorubicin Resistant MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153696. [PMID: 31357721 PMCID: PMC6696135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial therapeutic strategies using siRNA and small molecules to eradicate tumors are emerging. Targeting multiple signaling pathways decreases the chances of cancer cells switching and adapting new signaling processes that may occur when using a single therapeutic modality. Aberrant functioning of Notch-1, Wnt/β-catenin, and STAT3 proteins and their crosstalk signaling pathways have been found to be involved in tumor survival, drug resistance, and relapse. In the current study, we describe a therapeutic potential of single and combinations of siRNA designed for silencing Notch-1, Wnt/β-catenin, and STAT3 in MCF7_DoxS (wild type) and MCF7_DoxR (doxorubicin resistant) breast cancer cells. The MCF7_DoxR cells were developed through treatment with a gradual increase in doxorubicin concentration, the expression of targeted genes was investigated, and the expression profiling of CD44/CD24 of the MCF7_DoxS and MCF7_DoxR cells were detected by flow cytometry. Both MCF7_DoxS and MCF7_DoxR breast cancer cells were treated with single and combinations of siRNA to investigate synergism and were analyzed for their effect on cell proliferation with and without doxorubicin treatment. The finding of this study showed the overexpression of targeted genes and the enrichment of the CD44−/CD24+ phenotype in MCF7_DoxR cells when compared to MCF7_DoxS cells. In both cell lines, the gene silencing efficacy showed a synergistic effect when combining STAT3/Notch-1 and STAT3/Notch-1/β-catenin siRNA. Interestingly, the chemosensitivity of MCF7_DoxS and MCF7_DoxR cells to doxorubicin was increased when combined with siRNA treatment. Our study shows the possibility of using single and combinations of siRNA to enhance the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to conventional antitumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Dana A Alqudah
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suha Wehaibi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Duaa Abuarqoub
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ma'mon M Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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24
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Sharick JT, Jeffery JJ, Karim MR, Walsh CM, Esbona K, Cook RS, Skala MC. Cellular Metabolic Heterogeneity In Vivo Is Recapitulated in Tumor Organoids. Neoplasia 2019; 21:615-626. [PMID: 31078067 PMCID: PMC6514366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous populations within a tumor have varying metabolic profiles, which can muddle the interpretation of bulk tumor imaging studies of treatment response. Although methods to study tumor metabolism at the cellular level are emerging, these methods provide a single time point “snapshot” of tumor metabolism and require a significant time and animal burden while failing to capture the longitudinal metabolic response of a single tumor to treatment. Here, we investigated a novel method for longitudinal, single-cell tracking of metabolism across heterogeneous tumor cell populations using optical metabolic imaging (OMI), which measures autofluorescence of metabolic coenzymes as a report of metabolic activity. We also investigated whether in vivo cellular metabolic heterogeneity can be accurately captured using tumor-derived three-dimensional organoids in a genetically engineered mouse model of breast cancer. OMI measurements of response to paclitaxel and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor XL147 in tumors and organoids taken at single cell resolution revealed parallel shifts in metaboltruic heterogeneity. Interestingly, these previously unappreciated heterogeneous metabolic responses in tumors and organoids could not be attributed to tumor cell fate or varying leukocyte content within the microenvironment, suggesting that heightened metabolic heterogeneity upon treatment is largely due to heterogeneous metabolic shifts within tumor cells. Together, these studies show that OMI revealed remarkable heterogeneity in response to treatment, which could provide a novel approach to predict the presence of potentially unresponsive tumor cell subpopulations lurking within a largely responsive bulk tumor population, which might otherwise be overlooked by traditional measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe T Sharick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Justin J Jeffery
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Mohammad R Karim
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Christine M Walsh
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Karla Esbona
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, PMB 407935 U-3218, Medical Research Building III, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA;; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive Room #2130, Madison, WI, 53706.
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25
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Reduced Basal Nitric Oxide Production Induces Precancerous Mammary Lesions via ERBB2 and TGFβ. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6688. [PMID: 31040372 PMCID: PMC6491486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One third of newly diagnosed breast cancers in the US are early-stage lesions. The etiological understanding and treatment of these lesions have become major clinical challenges. Because breast cancer risk factors are often linked to aberrant nitric oxide (NO) production, we hypothesized that abnormal NO levels might contribute to the formation of early-stage breast lesions. We recently reported that the basal level of NO in the normal breast epithelia plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, whereas its reduction contributes to the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Here, we show that the basal level of NO in breast cells plummets during cancer progression due to reduction of the NO synthase cofactor, BH4, under oxidative stress. Importantly, pharmacological deprivation of NO in prepubertal to pubertal animals stiffens the extracellular matrix and induces precancerous lesions in the mammary tissues. These lesions overexpress a fibrogenic cytokine, TGFβ, and an oncogene, ERBB2, accompanied by the occurrence of senescence and stem cell-like phenotype. Consistently, normalization of NO levels in precancerous and cancerous breast cells downmodulates TGFβ and ERBB2 and ameliorates their proliferative phenotype. This study sheds new light on the etiological basis of precancerous breast lesions and their potential prevention by manipulating the basal NO level.
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26
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Mohseni-Dargah M, Akbari-Birgani S, Madadi Z, Saghatchi F, Kaboudin B. Carbon nanotube-delivered iC9 suicide gene therapy for killing breast cancer cells in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1033-1047. [PMID: 30925115 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To induce a safe death to MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line through gene therapy based on iC9 suicide gene. MATERIALS & METHODS To induce apoptosis to MCF-7 cell line, iC9 gene was transfected using pyridine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Then, to enhance chemotherapy, iC9 suicide gene therapy was performed alongside. RESULTS The results show that the MCF-7 cells were efficiently eliminated in a high percentage by this approach. Furthermore, the suicide gene by itself/in combination with the chemotherapeutic drugs managed to pass the cell cycle arrests. CONCLUSION We introduced an in vitro treatment approach based on suicide gene therapy and the first step was taken toward the enhancement of chemotherapy, although more investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mohseni-Dargah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Shiva Akbari-Birgani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.,Center for Research in Basic Sciences, & Contemporary Technologies (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Madadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saghatchi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Babak Kaboudin
- Center for Research in Basic Sciences, & Contemporary Technologies (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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27
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Gu HF, Mao XY, Du M. Prevention of breast cancer by dietary polyphenols-role of cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:810-825. [PMID: 30632783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1551778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. Cancer cells are heterogeneous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumor relapse, treatment-resistance and metastasis, so for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Diets are known to be associated with carcinogenesis. Food-derived polyphenols are able to attenuate the formation and virulence of BCSCs, implying that these compounds and their analogs might be promising agents for preventing breast cancer. In the present review, we summarized the origin and surface markers of BCSCs and possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on BCSCs. The suppressive effects of common dietary polyphenols against BCSCs, such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and related polyphenolic compounds were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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28
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Chan SH, Tsai KW, Chiu SY, Kuo WH, Chen HY, Jiang SS, Chang KJ, Hung WC, Wang LH. Identification of the Novel Role of CD24 as an Oncogenesis Regulator and Therapeutic Target for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:147-161. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Hüser L, Sachindra S, Granados K, Federico A, Larribère L, Novak D, Umansky V, Altevogt P, Utikal J. SOX2-mediated upregulation of CD24 promotes adaptive resistance toward targeted therapy in melanoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:3131-3142. [PMID: 29905375 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is often characterized by a constitutively active RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. For targeted therapy, BRAF inhibitors are available that are powerful in the beginning but resistance occurs rather fast. A better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance is urgently needed to increase the success of the treatment. Here, we observed that SOX2 and CD24 are upregulated upon BRAF inhibitor treatment. A similar upregulation was seen in targeted therapy-resistant, melanoma-derived induced pluripotent cancer cells (iPCCs). SOX2 and CD24 are known to promote an undifferentiated and cancer stem cell-like phenotype associated with resistance. We, therefore, elucidated the role of SOX2 and CD24 in targeted therapy resistance in more detail. We found that the upregulation of SOX2 and CD24 required activation of STAT3 and that SOX2 induced the expression of CD24 by binding to its promoter. We find that the overexpression of SOX2 or CD24 significantly increases the resistance toward BRAF inhibitors, while SOX2 knock-down rendered cells more sensitivity toward treatment. The overexpression of CD24 or SOX2 induced Src and STAT3 activity. Importantly, by either CD24 knock-down or Src/STAT3 inhibition in resistant SOX2-overexpressing cells, the sensitivity toward BRAF inhibitors was re-established. Hence, we suggest a novel mechanism of adaptive resistance whereby BRAF inhibition is circumvented via the activation of STAT3, SOX2 and CD24. Thus, to prevent adaptive resistance, it might be beneficial to combine Src/STAT3 inhibitors together with MAPK pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hüser
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68135, Germany
| | - Sachindra Sachindra
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68135, Germany
| | - Karol Granados
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68135, Germany
| | - Aniello Federico
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68135, Germany
| | - Lionel Larribère
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68135, Germany
| | - Daniel Novak
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68135, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68135, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68135, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68135, Germany
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30
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Li MX, Jin LT, Wang TJ, Feng YJ, Pan CP, Zhao DM, Shao J. Identification of potential core genes in triple negative breast cancer using bioinformatics analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4105-4112. [PMID: 30140156 PMCID: PMC6054764 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s166567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with poor clinical outcome and limited treatment options. Lacking molecular targets, chemotherapy is the main adjuvant treatment for TNBC patients. Materials and methods To explore potential therapeutic targets for TNBC, we analyzed three microarray datasets (GSE38959, GSE45827, and GSE65194) derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GEO2R tool was used to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TNBC and normal tissue. Gene Ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery to identify the pathways and functional annotation of DEGs. Protein–protein interaction of these DEGs was analyzed based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database and visualized by Cytoscape software. In addition, we used the online Kaplan–Meier plotter survival analysis tool to evaluate the prognostic value of hub genes expression in breast cancer patients. Results A total of 278 upregulated DEGs and 173 downregulated DEGs were identified. Among them, ten hub genes with a high degree of connectivity were picked out. Overexpression of these hub genes was associated with unfavorable prognosis of breast cancer, especially, CCNB1 overexpression was observed and indicated poor outcome of TNBC. Conclusion Our study suggests that CCNB1 was overexpressed in TNBC compared with normal breast tissue, and overexpression of CCNB1 was an unfavorable prognostic factor of TNBC patients. Further study is needed to explore the value of CCNB1 in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Xiu Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Li-Ting Jin
- Department of Breast Cancer, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tie-Jun Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yao-Jun Feng
- Department of Breast Cancer, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Cui-Ping Pan
- Department of Breast Cancer, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dei-Mian Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
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31
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Luo L, Gao W, Wang J, Wang D, Peng X, Jia Z, Jiang Y, Li G, Tang D, Wang Y. Study on the Mechanism of Cell Cycle Checkpoint Kinase 2 (CHEK2) Gene Dysfunction in Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3176-3183. [PMID: 29761796 PMCID: PMC5978023 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of CHEK2 gene dysfunction in drug resistance of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Material/Methods To perform our study, a stable CHEK2 wild type (CHEK2 WT) or CHEK2 Y390C mutation (CHEK2 Y390C) expressed MDA-MB-231 cell line was established. MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay and cell cycle assay were carried out to analyze the cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle respectively. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were applied for related protein and gene expression detection. Results We found that the IC50 value of DDP (Cisplatin) to CHEK2 Y390C expressed MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly higher than that of the CHEK2 WT expressed cells and the control cells. After treatment with DDP for 48 h, cells expressing CHEK2 WT showed lower cell viability than that of the CHEK2 Y390C expressed cells and the control cells; compared with the CHEK2 Y390C expressed cells and the control cells, cells expressing CHEK2 WT showed significant G1/S arrest. Meanwhile, we found that compared with the CHEK2 Y390C expressed cells and the control cells, cell apoptosis was significantly increased in CHEK2 WT expressed cells. Moreover, our results suggested that cells expressing CHEK2 WT showed higher level of p-CDC25A, p-p53, p21, Bax, PUMA, and Noxa than that of the CHEK2 Y390C expressed cells and the control cells. Conclusions Our findings indicated that CHEK2 Y390C mutation induced the drug resistance of TNBC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs through administrating cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via regulating p53 activation and CHEK2-p53 apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Oncological Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Guihang Guiyang Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Oncological Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Dingxue Wang
- Department of Oncological Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobo Peng
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaoyang Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Oncology, GuiHang Guiyang Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Gongzhuo Li
- Department of Oncology, GuiHang Guiyang Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Dongxin Tang
- Department of Science and Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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32
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Shao F, Sun H, Deng CX. Potential therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer based on its intrinsic subtype. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73329-73344. [PMID: 29069872 PMCID: PMC5641215 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subgroup of human breast cancer, which is characterized as estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative. TNBC is the most difficult breast cancer subgroup to treat, due to its unresponsiveness to current clinical targeted therapies, high rate of recurrence, and poor prognosis. Thus, there is an urgent medical need to identify therapeutic targets and develop more effective stratified medicine for the treatment of TNBC. Here we review the potential therapeutic targets for TNBC based on its intrinsic subtype. We also review the aberrant activated signals found in different subgroups of TNBC, including androgen receptor (AR) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedge-hog, and TGF-β signaling pathways, which play essential roles in multiple development stages of TNBC. The careful analysis of these signaling pathways and therapeutic targets would have significant impact on the drug development and clinical trials, leading to effective therapies for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Shao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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