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Habiburrahman M, Wardoyo M, Sutopo S, Rahadiani N. Potential of DEK proto‑oncogene as a prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer: An evidence‑based review. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 17:117. [PMID: 35747597 PMCID: PMC9204329 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its role in tumorigenesis and its correlation with various pathologic features of colorectal cancer (CRC), DEK is considered to have the potential to predict CRC prognosis. This review attempts to summarize current knowledge and evidence supporting the potential of DEK as a prognostic biomarker of CRC. We searched meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort studies, and cell line studies published in the last 10 years. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Pubmed Central (PMC), Proquest, EBSCOHost, Scopus, and Cochrane Library using the keywords ‘colorectal/colon/rectal cancer’, ‘DEK’, ‘biomarker’, and ‘prognosis’. Studies that were not published in English, without accessible full text, unrelated to clinical questions, or conducted with a design unsuitable for the eligibility criteria were excluded. Seven included studies reported the potential of DEK as a prognostic biomarker of CRC and its role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This role is achieved through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, prevention of apoptosis through destabilization of p53, and bridging inflammation and tumorigenesis through the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, causing chronic inflammation and activation of tumorigenic genes. DEK overexpression is also associated with CRC clinical and pathological features, such as tumor size, lymph node metastasis, serosal invasion, differentiation, tumor staging, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. DEK overexpression was found to be associated with lower survival and recovery rates. Its prognostic value was comparable with other prognostic biomarkers of CRC, such as BRAF, topoisomerase-1, and CEA. A cohort study reported that DEK overexpression was associated with a better response to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, while a cell-line study indicated a correlation between DEK overexpression with a worse response to irinotecan-based chemotherapy. In conclusion, considering its correlation with CRC pathology, its association with worse CRC patient survival, and its possibility to forecast the therapeutic response of various chemotherapeutic regimens, DEK has the potential to be used as a CRC prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Habiburrahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Wardoyo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Stefanus Sutopo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Nur Rahadiani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Liu T, Zhu G, Yan W, Lv Y, Wang X, Jin G, Cui M, Lin Z, Ren X. Cordycepin Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis through a DEK Interaction via ERK Signaling in Cholangiocarcinoma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:279-289. [PMID: 32102917 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.263202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor that arises from the epithelial cells of the bile duct and is notorious for its poor prognosis. The clinical outcome remains disappointing, and thus more effective therapeutic options are urgently required. Cordycepin, a traditional Chinese medicine, provides multiple pharmacological strategies in antitumors, but its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we reported that cordycepin inhibited the viability and proliferation capacity of CCA cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry and Hoechst dye showed that cordycepin induced cancer cell apoptosis via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 deactivation. Moreover, cordycepin significantly reduced the angiogenetic capabilities of CCA in vitro as examined by tube formation assay. We also discovered that cordycepin inhibited DEK expression by using Western blot assay. DEK serves as an oncogenic protein that is overexpressed in various gastrointestinal tumors. DEK silencing inhibited CCA cell viability and angiogenesis but not apoptosis induction determined by Western blot and flow cytometry. Furthermore, cordycepin significantly inhibited tumor growth and angiogenic capacities in a xenograft model by downregulating the expression of DEK, phosphorylated ERK1/2 CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Taken together, we demonstrated that cordycepin inhibited CCA cell proliferation and angiogenesis with a DEK interaction via downregulation in ERK signaling. These data indicate that cordycepin may serve as a novel agent for CCA clinical treatment and prognosis improvement. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cordycepin provides multiple strategies in antitumors, but its mechanisms are not fully elucidated, especially on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We reported that cordycepin inhibited the viability of CCA cells, induced apoptosis via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 deactivation and DEK inhibition, and reduced the angiogenetic capabilities of CCA both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesi Liu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Guang Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Wendi Yan
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - You Lv
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Guang Jin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Minghua Cui
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Xiangshan Ren
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
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