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Rajput SN, Naeem BK, Ali A, Salim A, Khan I. Expansion of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:410-433. [PMID: 38690517 PMCID: PMC11056638 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i4.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that possess the potential for self-renewal with the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages. In humans, their limited numbers pose a challenge in fulfilling the necessary demands for the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues or organs. Studies suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), necessary for repair and regeneration via transplantation, require doses ranging from 10 to 400 million cells. Furthermore, the limited expansion of MSCs restricts their therapeutic application. AIM To optimize a novel protocol to achieve qualitative and quantitative expansion of MSCs to reach the targeted number of cells for cellular transplantation and minimize the limitations in stem cell therapy protocols. METHODS Human umbilical cord (hUC) tissue derived MSCs were obtained and re-cultured. These cultured cells were subjected to the following evaluation procedures: Immunophenotyping, immunocytochemical staining, trilineage differentiation, population doubling time and number, gene expression markers for proliferation, cell cycle progression, senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression, mycoplasma, cytomegalovirus and endotoxin detection. RESULTS Analysis of pluripotent gene markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog in recultured hUC-MSC revealed no significant differences. The immunophenotypic markers CD90, CD73, CD105, CD44, vimentin, CD29, Stro-1, and Lin28 were positively expressed by these recultured expanded MSCs, and were found negative for CD34, CD11b, CD19, CD45, and HLA-DR. The recultured hUC-MSC population continued to expand through passage 15. Proliferative gene expression of Pax6, BMP2, and TGFb1 showed no significant variation between recultured hUC-MSC groups. Nevertheless, a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle was observed in recultured hUC-MSCs. Cellular senescence markers (hTERT expression and β-galactosidase activity) did not show any negative effect on recultured hUC-MSCs. Additionally, quality control assessments consistently confirmed the absence of mycoplasma, cytomegalovirus, and endotoxin contamination. CONCLUSION This study proposes the development of a novel protocol for efficiently expanding stem cell population. This would address the growing demand for larger stem cell doses needed for cellular transplantation and will significantly improve the feasibility of stem cell based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiqa Naeem Rajput
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Kiran Naeem
- Surgical Unit 4, Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi 74400, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan.
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Poblano-Pérez LI, Castro-Manrreza ME, González-Alva P, Fajardo-Orduña GR, Montesinos JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1986. [PMID: 38396665 PMCID: PMC10888494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located in different areas of the human body. The oral cavity is considered a potential source of MSCs because they have been identified in several dental tissues (D-MSCs). Clinical trials in which cells from these sources were used have shown that they are effective and safe as treatments for tissue regeneration. Importantly, immunoregulatory capacity has been observed in all of these populations; however, this function may vary among the different types of MSCs. Since this property is of clinical interest for cell therapy protocols, it is relevant to analyze the differences in immunoregulatory capacity, as well as the mechanisms used by each type of MSC. Interestingly, D-MSCs are the most suitable source for regenerating mineralized tissues in the oral region. Furthermore, the clinical potential of D-MSCs is supported due to their adequate capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There is also evidence for their potential application in protocols against autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions due to their immunosuppressive capacity. Therefore, in this review, the immunoregulatory mechanisms identified at the preclinical level in combination with the different types of MSCs found in dental tissues are described, in addition to a description of the clinical trials in which MSCs from these sources have been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Marta Elena Castro-Manrreza
- Immunology and Stem Cells Laboratory, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe R. Fajardo-Orduña
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
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Chansaenroj A, Kornsuthisopon C, Suwittayarak R, Rochanavibhata S, Loi LK, Lin YC, Osathanon T. IWP-2 modulates the immunomodulatory properties of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. Int Endod J 2024; 57:219-236. [PMID: 37971040 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of IWP-2, Wnt inhibitor, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) responses. METHODOLOGY hDPSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues. Cells were treated with 25 μM IWP-2 for 24 h, and subsequently, the gene expression profile was examined using high-throughput RNA sequencing. The mRNA expression was analysed using qPCR. The effect of IWP-2 was investigated in both normal and LPS-induced hDPSCs (inflamed hDPSCs). CD4+ T cells and CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages were cultured with conditioned media of IWP-2 treated hDPSCs to observe the immunosuppressive property. RESULTS RNA sequencing indicated that IWP-2 significantly downregulated several KEGG pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL-17 signalling pathway, and TNF signalling pathway. In both normal and inflamed conditions, IWP-2 markedly upregulated TGFB1 mRNA expression while the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFA, IL1B, IFNG, and IL6, was inhibited. In the inhibition experiment, the pretreatment with p38, MAPK, or PI3K inhibitors abolished the effects of IWP-2 in LPS-induced inflammation. In terms of immune cells, IWP-2-treated-inflamed hDPSCs conditioned media attenuated T cell proliferation and regulated regulatory T cell differentiation. In addition, the migratory property of macrophage was decreased after being exposed to IWP-2-treated inflamed hDPSCs conditioned media. CONCLUSION IWP-2 suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression in both normal and inflamed hDPSCs. Moreover, hDPSCs exerted the immunosuppressive property after IWP-2 treatment. These results suggest the role of Wnt in inflammatory responses and immunomodulation in dental pulp tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajjima Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ravipha Suwittayarak
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Rochanavibhata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lai-Keng Loi
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Saad-Naguib MH, Kenfack Y, Sherman LS, Chafitz OB, Morelli SS. Impaired receptivity of thin endometrium: therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1268990. [PMID: 38344687 PMCID: PMC10854221 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1268990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is a resilient and highly dynamic tissue, undergoing cyclic renewal in preparation for embryo implantation. Cyclic endometrial regeneration depends on the intact function of several cell types, including parenchymal, endothelial, and immune cells, as well as adult stem cells that can arise from endometrial or extrauterine sources. The ability of the endometrium to undergo rapid, repeated regeneration without scarring is unique to this tissue. However, if this tissue renewal process is disrupted or dysfunctional, women may present clinically with infertility due to endometrial scarring or persistent atrophic/thin endometrium. Such disorders are rate-limiting in the treatment of female infertility and in the success of in vitro fertilization because of a dearth of treatment options specifically targeting the endometrium. A growing number of studies have explored the potential of adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to treat women with disorders of endometrial regeneration. MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells with capacity to differentiate into cells such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. In addition to their differentiation capacity, MSCs migrate toward injured sites where they secrete bioactive factors (e.g. cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteins and extracellular vesicles) to aid in tissue repair. These factors modulate biological processes critical for tissue regeneration, such as angiogenesis, cell migration and immunomodulation. The MSC secretome has therefore attracted significant attention for its therapeutic potential. In the uterus, studies utilizing rodent models and limited human trials have shown a potential benefit of MSCs and the MSC secretome in treatment of endometrial infertility. This review will explore the potential of MSCs to treat women with impaired endometrial receptivity due to a thin endometrium or endometrial scarring. We will provide context supporting leveraging MSCs for this purpose by including a review of mechanisms by which the MSC secretome promotes regeneration and repair of nonreproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Saad-Naguib
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yannick Kenfack
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lauren S. Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Olivia B. Chafitz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Sara S. Morelli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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Nakao M, Matsui M, Kim K, Nishiyama N, Grainger DW, Okano T, Kanazawa H, Nagase K. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheets transplanted subcutaneously enhance cell retention and survival more than dissociated stem cell injections. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:352. [PMID: 38072920 PMCID: PMC10712142 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) sheets have recently attracted attention as an alternative approach to injected cell suspensions for stem cell therapy. However, cell engraftment and cytokine expression levels between hUC-MSC sheets and their cell suspensions in vivo have not yet been compared. This study compares hUC-MSC in vivo engraftment efficacy and cytokine expression for both hUC-MSC sheets and cell suspensions. METHODS hUC-MSC sheets were prepared using temperature-responsive cell culture; two types of hUC-MSC suspensions were prepared, either by enzymatic treatment (trypsin) or by enzyme-free temperature reduction using temperature-responsive cell cultureware. hUC-MSC sheets and suspensions were transplanted subcutaneously into ICR mice through subcutaneous surgical placement and intravenous injection, respectively. hUC-MSC sheet engraftment after subcutaneous surgical transplantation was investigated by in vivo imaging while intravenously injected cell suspensions were analyzing using in vitro organ imaging. Cytokine levels in both transplant site tissues and blood were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS After subcutaneous transplant, hUC-MSC sheets exhibited longer engraftment duration than hUC-MSC suspensions. This was attributed to extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell junctions retained in sheets but enzymatically altered in suspensions. hUC-MSC suspensions harvested using enzyme-free temperature reduction exhibited relatively long engraftment duration after intravenous injection compared to suspensions prepared using trypsin, as enzyme-free harvest preserved cellular ECM. High HGF and TGF-β1 levels were observed in sheet-transplanted sites compared to hUC-MSC suspension sites. However, no differences in human cytokine levels in murine blood were detected, indicating that hUC-MSC sheets might exert local paracrine rather than endocrine effects. CONCLUSIONS hUC-MSC sheet transplantation could be a more effective cell therapeutic approach due to enhanced engraftment and secretion of therapeutic cytokines over injected hUC-MSC suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - David W Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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Afkhami H, Mahmoudvand G, Fakouri A, Shadab A, Mahjoor M, Komeili Movahhed T. New insights in application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in tumor microenvironment: pros and cons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1255697. [PMID: 37849741 PMCID: PMC10577325 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1255697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely accepted as a useful tool for cell-based therapy of various diseases including malignancies. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are mainly attributed to their immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. Despite the promising outcomes of MSCs in cancer therapy, a growing body of evidence implies that MSCs also show tumorigenic properties in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which might lead to tumor induction and progression. Owing to the broad-spectrum applications of MSCs, this challenge needs to be tackled so that they can be safely utilized in clinical practice. Herein, we review the diverse activities of MSCs in TME and highlight the potential methods to convert their protumorigenic characteristics into onco-suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Mahmoudvand
- Student Research Committee, USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Arshia Fakouri
- Student Research Committee, USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Deputy of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mahjoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sengun E, Wolfs TGAM, van Bruggen VLE, van Cranenbroek B, Simonetti ER, Ophelders D, de Jonge MI, Joosten I, van der Molen RG. Umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells induce a memory phenotype in CD4 + T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128359. [PMID: 37409122 PMCID: PMC10318901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological state where immune cells evoke a response against detrimental insults. Finding a safe and effective treatment for inflammation associated diseases has been a challenge. In this regard, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), exert immunomodulatory effects and have regenerative capacity making it a promising therapeutic option for resolution of acute and chronic inflammation. T cells play a critical role in inflammation and depending on their phenotype, they can stimulate or suppress inflammatory responses. However, the regulatory effects of hMSC on T cells and the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Most studies focused on activation, proliferation, and differentiation of T cells. Here, we further investigated memory formation and responsiveness of CD4+ T cells and their dynamics by immune-profiling and cytokine secretion analysis. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) were co-cultured with either αCD3/CD28 beads, activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or magnetically sorted CD4+ T cells. The mechanism of immune modulation of UC-MSC were investigated by comparing different modes of action; transwell, direct cell-cell contact, addition of UC-MSC conditioned medium or blockade of paracrine factor production by UC-MSC. We observed a differential effect of UC-MSC on CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation using PBMC or purified CD4+ T cell co-cultures. UC-MSC skewed the effector memory T cells into a central memory phenotype in both co-culture conditions. This effect on central memory formation was reversible, since UC-MSC primed central memory cells were still responsive after a second encounter with the same stimuli. The presence of both cell-cell contact and paracrine factors were necessary for the most pronounced immunomodulatory effect of UC-MSC on T cells. We found suggestive evidence for a partial role of IL-6 and TGFβ in the UC-MSC derived immunomodulatory function. Collectively, our data show that UC-MSCs clearly affect T cell activation, proliferation and maturation, depending on co-culture conditions for which both cell-cell contact and paracrine factors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Sengun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tim G. A. M. Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics and GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Valéry L. E. van Bruggen
- Department of Pediatrics and GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bram van Cranenbroek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Elles R. Simonetti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daan Ophelders
- Department of Pediatrics and GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marien I. de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Renate G. van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Banimohamad-Shotorbani B, Karkan SF, Rahbarghazi R, Mehdipour A, Jarolmasjed S, Saghati S, Shafaei H. Application of mesenchymal stem cell sheet for regeneration of craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:68. [PMID: 37024981 PMCID: PMC10080954 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects are among the most common damages in human medicine. Due to limitations and challenges in the area of bone healing, the research field has turned into a hot topic discipline with direct clinical outcomes. Among several available modalities, scaffold-free cell sheet technology has opened novel avenues to yield efficient osteogenesis. It is suggested that the intact matrix secreted from cells can provide a unique microenvironment for the acceleration of osteoangiogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, cell sheet technology (CST) has been investigated in terms of several skeletal defects with promising outcomes. Here, we highlighted some recent advances associated with the application of CST for the recovery of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) in various preclinical settings. The regenerative properties of both single-layer and multilayer CST were assessed regarding fabrication methods and applications. It has been indicated that different forms of cell sheets are available for CMF engineering like those used for other hard tissues. By tackling current challenges, CST is touted as an effective and alternative therapeutic option for CMF bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Banimohamad-Shotorbani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi Karkan
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Mehdipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyedhosein Jarolmasjed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Saghati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Shafaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Lyamina S, Baranovskii D, Kozhevnikova E, Ivanova T, Kalish S, Sadekov T, Klabukov I, Maev I, Govorun V. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Driver of Inflammaging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076372. [PMID: 37047346 PMCID: PMC10094085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy and age-related diseases burden increased significantly over the past few decades. Age-related conditions are commonly discussed in a very limited paradigm of depleted cellular proliferation and maturation with exponential accumulation of senescent cells. However, most recent evidence showed that the majority of age-associated ailments, i.e., diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. These diseases are closely associated with tissue nonspecific inflammation triggered and controlled by mesenchymal stromal cell secretion. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known as the most common type of cells for therapeutic approaches in clinical practice. Side effects and complications of MSC-based treatments increased interest in the MSCs secretome as an alternative concept for validation tests in regenerative medicine. The most recent data also proposed it as an ideal tool for cell-free regenerative therapy and tissue engineering. However, senescent MSCs secretome was shown to hold the role of ‘key-driver’ in inflammaging. We aimed to review the immunomodulatory effects of the MSCs-secretome during cell senescence and provide eventual insight into the interpretation of its beneficial biological actions in inflammaging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lyamina
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya Str., 20/1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Nauchniy Proezd, 18, 117246 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Baranovskii
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya Str., 20/1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Kozhevnikova
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya Str., 20/1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ivanova
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya Str., 20/1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kalish
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya Str., 20/1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Nauchniy Proezd, 18, 117246 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Sadekov
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya Str., 20/1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Klabukov
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Igor Maev
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya Str., 20/1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Govorun
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya Str., 20/1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Nauchniy Proezd, 18, 117246 Moscow, Russia
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Li A, Chang Y, Song NJ, Wu X, Chung D, Riesenberg BP, Velegraki M, Giuliani GD, Das K, Okimoto T, Kwon H, Chakravarthy KB, Bolyard C, Wang Y, He K, Gatti-Mays M, Das J, Yang Y, Gewirth DT, Ma Q, Carbone D, Li Z. Selective targeting of GARP-LTGFβ axis in the tumor microenvironment augments PD-1 blockade via enhancing CD8 + T cell antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e005433. [PMID: 36096533 PMCID: PMC9472209 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, most patients with cancer fail to respond clinically. One potential reason is the accumulation of immunosuppressive transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TGFβ drives cancer immune evasion in part by inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and limiting CD8+ T cell function. Glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP) is a cell surface docking receptor for activating latent TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3, with its expression restricted predominantly to effector Tregs, cancer cells, and platelets. METHODS We investigated the role of GARP in human patients with cancer by analyzing existing large databases. In addition, we generated and humanized an anti-GARP monoclonal antibody and evaluated its antitumor efficacy and underlying mechanisms of action in murine models of cancer. RESULTS We demonstrate that GARP overexpression in human cancers correlates with a tolerogenic TME and poor clinical response to ICB, suggesting GARP blockade may improve cancer immunotherapy. We report on a unique anti-human GARP antibody (named PIIO-1) that specifically binds the ligand-interacting domain of all latent TGFβ isoforms. PIIO-1 lacks recognition of GARP-TGFβ complex on platelets. Using human LRRC32 (encoding GARP) knock-in mice, we find that PIIO-1 does not cause thrombocytopenia; is preferentially distributed in the TME; and exhibits therapeutic efficacy against GARP+ and GARP- cancers, alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody. Mechanistically, PIIO-1 treatment reduces canonical TGFβ signaling in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, prevents T cell exhaustion, and enhances CD8+ T cell migration into the TME in a C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)-dependent manner. CONCLUSION GARP contributes to multiple aspects of immune resistance in cancer. Anti-human GARP antibody PIIO-1 is an efficacious and safe strategy to block GARP-mediated LTGFβ activation, enhance CD8+ T cell trafficking and functionality in the tumor, and overcome primary resistance to anti-PD-1 ICB. PIIO-1 therefore warrants clinical development as a novel cancer immunotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - No-Joon Song
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xingjun Wu
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian P Riesenberg
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Giuseppe D Giuliani
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Komal Das
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tamio Okimoto
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kwon
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Karthik B Chakravarthy
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kai He
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret Gatti-Mays
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jayajit Das
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yiping Yang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel T Gewirth
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David Carbone
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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11
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Villablanca EJ, Selin K, Hedin CRH. Mechanisms of mucosal healing: treating inflammatory bowel disease without immunosuppression? NATURE REVIEWS. GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 35440774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Almost all currently available treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) act by inhibiting inflammation, often blocking specific inflammatory molecules. However, given the infectious and neoplastic disease burden associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy, the goal of attaining mucosal healing without immunosuppression is attractive. The absence of treatments that directly promote mucosal healing and regeneration in IBD could be linked to the lack of understanding of the underlying pathways. The range of potential strategies to achieve mucosal healing is diverse. However, the targeting of regenerative mechanisms has not yet been achieved for IBD. Stem cells provide hope as a regenerative treatment and are used in limited clinical situations. Growth factors are available for the treatment of short bowel syndrome but have not yet been applied in IBD. The therapeutic application of organoid culture and stem cell therapy to generate new intestinal tissue could provide a novel mechanism to restore barrier function in IBD. Furthermore, blocking key effectors of barrier dysfunction (such as MLCK or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules) has shown promise in experimental IBD. Here, we review the diversity of molecular targets available to directly promote mucosal healing, experimental models to identify new potential pathways and some of the anticipated potential therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Katja Selin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Villablanca EJ, Selin K, Hedin CRH. Mechanisms of mucosal healing: treating inflammatory bowel disease without immunosuppression? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:493-507. [PMID: 35440774 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Almost all currently available treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) act by inhibiting inflammation, often blocking specific inflammatory molecules. However, given the infectious and neoplastic disease burden associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy, the goal of attaining mucosal healing without immunosuppression is attractive. The absence of treatments that directly promote mucosal healing and regeneration in IBD could be linked to the lack of understanding of the underlying pathways. The range of potential strategies to achieve mucosal healing is diverse. However, the targeting of regenerative mechanisms has not yet been achieved for IBD. Stem cells provide hope as a regenerative treatment and are used in limited clinical situations. Growth factors are available for the treatment of short bowel syndrome but have not yet been applied in IBD. The therapeutic application of organoid culture and stem cell therapy to generate new intestinal tissue could provide a novel mechanism to restore barrier function in IBD. Furthermore, blocking key effectors of barrier dysfunction (such as MLCK or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules) has shown promise in experimental IBD. Here, we review the diversity of molecular targets available to directly promote mucosal healing, experimental models to identify new potential pathways and some of the anticipated potential therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Katja Selin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Li H, Yuan F, Du Y, Pan T, Wen W, Li S, Wang L, Lu A. Umbilical cord blood stem cells transplantation in a patient with severe progressive supranuclear palsy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:574. [PMID: 34844635 PMCID: PMC8628425 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy is a neurodegenerative condition that worsens over time. Given the lack of targeted treatments, patients with severe progressive supranuclear palsy have very low life expectancy. Case presentation We present a case of a 61-year-old Chinese man with severe progressive supranuclear palsy and treated with umbilical cord blood stem cells transplantation. After the umbilical cord blood stem cells therapy, his neurologic symptoms stopped deteriorating, his muscle rigidity was mildly improved, and he remains alive for more than 8 years. Conclusions Umbilical cord blood stem cells transplantation may be an alternative therapy for patients with severe progressive supranuclear palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Li
- Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yaming Du
- Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wanxin Wen
- Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shaoxue Li
- Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Aili Lu
- Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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14
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Xuan X, Tian C, Zhao M, Sun Y, Huang C. Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer progression and anticancer therapeutic resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:595. [PMID: 34736460 PMCID: PMC8570012 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment appears to play an increasingly important role in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Several types of cells within the tumor stroma had distinct impacts on cancer progression, either promoting or inhibiting cancer cell growth. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a distinct type of cells that is linked to tumor development. MSCs are recognized for homing to tumor locations and promoting or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, emerging studies suggests that MSCs are also involved in therapeutic resistance. In this review, we analyzed the existing researches and elaborate on the functions of MSCs in cancer progression and anticancer therapeutic resistance, demonstrating that MSCs may be a viable cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Xuan
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chunxia Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changzheng Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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15
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Karimi-Shahri M, Javid H, Sharbaf Mashhad A, Yazdani S, Hashemy SI. Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer therapy; the art of harnessing a foe to a friend. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1307-1323. [PMID: 35096289 PMCID: PMC8769515 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.58227.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were discussed only as stem cells which could give rise to different types of cells. However, when it became clear that their presence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was like a green light for tumorigenesis, they emerged from the ashes. This review was arranged to provide a comprehensive and precise description of MSCs' role in regulating tumorigenesis and to discuss the dark and the bright sides of cancer treatment strategies using MSCs. To gather the details about MSCs, we made an intensive literature review using keywords, including MSCs, tumor microenvironment, tumorigenesis, and targeted therapy. Through transferring cytokines, growth factors, and microRNAs, MSCs maintain the cancer stem cell population, increase angiogenesis, provide a facility for cancer metastasis, and shut down the anti-tumor activity of the immune system. Although MSCs progress tumorigenesis, there is a consensus that these cells could be used as a vehicle to transfer anti-cancer agents into the tumor milieu. This feature opened a new chapter in MSCs biology, this time from the therapeutic perspective. Although the data are not sufficient, the advent of new genetic engineering methods might make it possible to engage these cells as Trojan horses to eliminate the malignant population. So many years of investigation showed that MSCs are an important group of cells, residing in the TME, studying the function of which not only could add a delicate series of information to the process of tumorigenesis but also could revolutionize cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharbaf Mashhad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Yazdani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ilam Institute for Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Seyed Isaac Hashemy. Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-38002366;
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16
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Eiro N, Fraile M, Fernández-Francos S, Sánchez R, Costa LA, Vizoso FJ. Importance of the origin of mesenchymal (stem) stromal cells in cancer biology: "alliance" or "war" in intercellular signals. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:109. [PMID: 34112253 PMCID: PMC8194017 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a central role in the intercellular signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME), exchanging signals with cancer cells and tumor stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and inflammatory mononuclear cells. Research attributes both pro-tumor and anti-tumor actions to MSCs; however, evidence indicates that MSCs specific effect on the tumor depends on the source of the MSCs and the type of tumor. There are consistent data proving that MSCs from reproductive tissues, such as the uterus, umbilical cord or placenta, have potent anti-tumor effects and tropism towards tumor tissues. More interestingly, products derived from MSCs, such as secretome or extracellular vesicles, seem to reproduce the effects of their parental cells, showing a potential advantage for clinical treatments by avoiding the drawbacks associated with cell therapy. Given these perspectives, it appears necessary new research to optimize the production, safety and antitumor potency of the products derived from the MSCs suitable for oncological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Eiro
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Maria Fraile
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández-Francos
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rosario Sánchez
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis A Costa
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco J Vizoso
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain. .,Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
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17
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Shahani P, Datta I. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for coronavirus disease 2019: which? when? and how much? Cytotherapy 2021; 23:861-873. [PMID: 34053857 PMCID: PMC8084615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are under active consideration as a treatment strategy for controlling the hyper-inflammation and slow disease progression associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The possible mechanism of protection through their immunoregulatory and paracrine action has been reviewed extensively. However, the importance of process control in achieving consistent cell quality, maximum safety and efficacy—for which the three key questions are which, when and how much—remains unaddressed. Any commonality, if it exists, in ongoing clinical trials has yet to be analyzed and reviewed. In this review, the authors have therefore compiled study design data from ongoing clinical trials to address the key questions of “which” with regard to tissue source, donor profile, isolation technique, culture conditions, long-term culture and cryopreservation of MSCs; “when” with regard to defining the transplantation window by identifying and staging patients based on their pro-inflammatory profile; and “how much” with regard to the number of cells in a single administration, number of doses and route of transplantation. To homogenize MSC therapy for COVID-19 on a global scale and to make it readily available in large numbers, a shared understanding and uniform agreement with respect to these fundamental issues are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya Shahani
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
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18
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Cuesta-Gomez N, Graham GJ, Campbell JDM. Chemokines and their receptors: predictors of the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. J Transl Med 2021; 19:156. [PMID: 33865426 PMCID: PMC8052819 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising cellular therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative disorders due to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative potentials. MSCs can be sourced from a variety of tissues within the body, but bone marrow is the most frequently used starting material for clinical use. The chemokine family contains many regulators of inflammation, cellular function and cellular migration-all critical factors in understanding the potential potency of a novel cellular therapeutic. In this review, we focus on expression of chemokine receptors and chemokine ligands by MSCs isolated from different tissues. We discuss the differential migratory, angiogenetic and immunomodulatory potential to understand the role that tissue source of MSC may play within a clinical context. Furthermore, this is strongly associated with leukocyte recruitment, immunomodulatory potential and T cell inhibition potential and we hypothesize that chemokine profiling can be used to predict the in vivo therapeutic potential of MSCs isolated from new sources and compare them to BM MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John D M Campbell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. .,Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, The Jack Copland Centre, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh, UK.
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19
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Zhao L, Hu C, Han F, Chen D, Ma Y, Cai F, Chen J. Combination of mesenchymal stromal cells and machine perfusion is a novel strategy for organ preservation in solid organ transplantation. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:13-23. [PMID: 33439348 PMCID: PMC8016762 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organ preservation is a prerequisite for an urgent increase in the availability of organs for solid organ transplantation (SOT). An increasing amount of expanded criteria donor (ECD) organs are used clinically. Currently, the paradigm of organ preservation is shifting from simple reduction of cellular metabolic activity to maximal simulation of an ex vivo physiological microenvironment. An ideal organ preservation technique should not only preserve isolated organs but also offer the possibility of rehabilitation and evaluation of organ function prior to transplantation. Based on the fact that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess strong regeneration properties, the combination of MSCs with machine perfusion (MP) is expected to be superior to conventional preservation methods. In recent years, several studies have attempted to use this strategy for SOT showing promising outcomes. With better organ function during ex vivo preservation and the potential of utilization of organs previously deemed untransplantable, this strategy is meaningful for patients with organ failure to help overcome organ shortage in the field of SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Dajin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanghao Cai
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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Zhu M, Hua T, Ouyang T, Qian H, Yu B. Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Fibrosis: Novel Strategies, Mechanisms, and Clinical Practice. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6546780. [PMID: 34434239 PMCID: PMC8380491 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6546780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common result of most chronic liver diseases, and advanced fibrosis often leads to cirrhosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for liver cirrhosis except liver transplantation. Therefore, it is important to carry out antifibrosis treatment to reverse liver damage in the early stage of liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely used stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine. The preclinical and clinical research results of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis show that MSC administration is a promising treatment for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. MSCs reverse liver fibrosis and increase liver function mainly through differentiation into hepatocytes, immune regulation, secretion of cytokines and other nutritional factors, reduction of hepatocyte apoptosis, and promotion of hepatocyte regeneration. Recently, many studies provided a variety of new methods and strategies to improve the effect of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the current effective methods and strategies and their potential mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis, as well as the current research progress in clinical practice. We expect to achieve complete reversal of liver injury with MSC-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Zhu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianzhen Hua
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huofu Qian
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, China
| | - Bing Yu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Najar M, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, Fahmi H. Novel insights for improving the therapeutic safety and efficiency of mesenchymal stromal cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1474-1491. [PMID: 33505596 PMCID: PMC7789128 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted great interest in the field of regenerative medicine. They can home to damaged tissue, where they can exert pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. These therapeutic effects involve the secretion of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Moreover, the functions of MSCs could be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle various signaling messengers. Although preclinical studies and clinical trials have demonstrated promising therapeutic results, the efficiency and the safety of MSCs need to be improved. After transplantation, MSCs face harsh environmental conditions, which likely dampen their therapeutic efficacy. A possible strategy aiming to improve the survival and therapeutic functions of MSCs needs to be developed. The preconditioning of MSCs ex vivo would strength their capacities by preparing them to survive and to better function in this hostile environment. In this review, we will discuss several preconditioning approaches that may improve the therapeutic capacity of MSCs. As stated above, EVs can recapitulate the beneficial effects of MSCs and may help avoid many risks associated with cell transplantation. As a result, this novel type of cell-free therapy may be safer and more efficient than the whole cell product. We will, therefore, also discuss current knowledge regarding the therapeutic properties of MSC-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean Pierre Pelletier
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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22
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Xue VW, Chung JYF, Córdoba CAG, Cheung AHK, Kang W, Lam EWF, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. Transforming Growth Factor-β: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 33114183 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113099.pmid:33114183;pmcid:pmc7690808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was originally identified as an anti-tumour cytokine. However, there is increasing evidence that it has important roles in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in facilitating cancer progression. TGF-β actively shapes the TME via modulating the host immunity. These actions are highly cell-type specific and complicated, involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways. In this review, we systemically update how TGF-β signalling acts as a checkpoint regulator for cancer immunomodulation. A better appreciation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level can lead to the discovery of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Cristina Alexandra García Córdoba
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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23
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Transforming Growth Factor-β: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113099. [PMID: 33114183 PMCID: PMC7690808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that can restrict cancer onset but also promote cancer progression at late stages of cancer. The ability of TGF-β in producing diverse and sometimes opposing effects relies on its potential to control different cellular signalling and gene expression in distinct cell types, and environmental settings. The tumour promoting role of TGF-β is primarily mediated through its effects on the local tumour microenvironment (TME) of the cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the most recent research on the role and regulation of TGF-β, with a specific focus on its functions on promoting cancer progression through targeting different immune cells in the TME as well as its therapeutic perspectives. Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was originally identified as an anti-tumour cytokine. However, there is increasing evidence that it has important roles in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in facilitating cancer progression. TGF-β actively shapes the TME via modulating the host immunity. These actions are highly cell-type specific and complicated, involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways. In this review, we systemically update how TGF-β signalling acts as a checkpoint regulator for cancer immunomodulation. A better appreciation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level can lead to the discovery of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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24
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Pham PV, Vu NB. Off-the-shelf mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord tissue can significantly improve symptoms in COVID-19 patients: An analysis of evidential relations. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:721-730. [PMID: 32952854 PMCID: PMC7477657 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 200 countries worldwide. This disease has hugely affected healthcare systems as well as the economy to an extent never seen before. To date, COVID-19 infection has led to about 165000 deaths in 150 countries. At present, there is no specific drug or efficient treatment for this disease. In this analysis based on evidential relationships of the biological characteristics of MSCs, especially umbilical cord (UC)-derived MSCs as well as the first clinical trial using MSCs for COVID-19 treatment, we discuss the use of UC-MSCs to improve the symptoms of COVID-19 in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc Van Pham
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh 08000, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh 08000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Bich Vu
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh 08000, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh 08000, Viet Nam
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25
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Cherian DS, Bhuvan T, Meagher L, Heng TSP. Biological Considerations in Scaling Up Therapeutic Cell Manufacturing. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:654. [PMID: 32528277 PMCID: PMC7247829 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapeutics - using cells as living drugs - have made advances in many areas of medicine. One of the most clinically studied cell-based therapy products is mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have shown promising results in promoting tissue regeneration and modulating inflammation. However, MSC therapy requires large numbers of cells, the generation of which is not feasible via conventional planar tissue culture methods. Scale-up manufacturing methods (e.g., propagation on microcarriers in stirred-tank bioreactors), however, are not specifically tailored for MSC expansion. These processes may, in principle, alter the cell secretome, a vital component underlying the immunosuppressive properties and clinical effectiveness of MSCs. This review outlines our current understanding of MSC properties and immunomodulatory function, expansion in commercial manufacturing systems, and gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed for effective up-scaling commercialization of MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana S Cherian
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tejasvini Bhuvan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Meagher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy S P Heng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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26
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Salih M, Shaharuddin B, Abdelrazeg S. A Concise Review on Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering with a Perspective on Ocular Surface Regeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:211-218. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200129145251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organ and tissue transplantation are limited by the scarcity of donated organs or tissue
sources. The success of transplantation is limited by the risk of disease transmission and immunological-
related rejection. There is a need for new strategies and innovative solutions to make transplantation
readily available, safer and with less complications to increase the success rates. Accelerating progress
in stem cell biology and biomaterials development have pushed tissue and organ engineering to a
higher level. Among stem cells repertoire, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) are gaining interest and
recognized as a cell population of choice. There is accumulating evidence that MSC growth factors, its
soluble and insoluble proteins are involved in several key signaling pathways to promote tissue development,
cellular differentiation and regeneration. MSC as multipotent non-hematopoietic cells with
paracrine factors is advantageous for regenerative therapies. In this review, we discussed and summarized
the important features of MSC including its immunomodulatory properties, mechanism of homing
in the direction of tissue injury, licensing of MSC and the role of MSC soluble factors in cell-free
therapy. Special consideration is highlighted on the rapidly growing research interest on the roles of
MSC in ocular surface regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salih
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bakiah Shaharuddin
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Samar Abdelrazeg
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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27
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Vadivel S, Vincent P, Sekaran S, Visaga Ambi S, Muralidar S, Selvaraj V, Palaniappan B, Thirumalai D. Inflammation in myocardial injury- Stem cells as potential immunomodulators for myocardial regeneration and restoration. Life Sci 2020; 250:117582. [PMID: 32222465 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ineffective immunosuppressant's and targeted strategies to neutralize inflammatory mediators have worsened the scenario of heart failure and have opened many questions for debate. Stem cell therapy has proven to be a promising approach for treating heart following myocardial infarction (MI). Adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells are possible cell types and have successfully shown to regenerate damaged myocardial tissue in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Current implications of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to their immunomodulatory functions and paracrine effects could serve as an effective alternative treatment option for rejuvenating the heart post MI. The major setback associated with the use of MSCs is reduced cell retention, engraftment and decreased effectiveness. With a few reports on understanding the role of inflammation and its dual effects on the structure and function of heart, this review focuses on these missing insights and further exemplifies the role of MSCs as an alternative therapy in treating the pathological consequences in myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini Vadivel
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethi Vincent
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Senthil Visaga Ambi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shibi Muralidar
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vimalraj Selvaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balamurugan Palaniappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Diraviyam Thirumalai
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Lodyga M, Hinz B. TGF-β1 - A truly transforming growth factor in fibrosis and immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 101:123-139. [PMID: 31879265 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
'Jack of all trades, master of everything' is a fair label for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β) - a cytokine that controls our life at many levels. In the adult organism, TGF-β1 is critical for the development and maturation of immune cells, maintains immune tolerance and homeostasis, and regulates various aspects of immune responses. Following acute tissue damages, TGF-β1 becomes a master regulator of the healing process with impacts on about every cell type involved. Divergence from the tight control of TGF-β1 actions, for instance caused by chronic injury, severe trauma, or infection can tip the balance from regulated physiological to excessive pathological repair. This condition of fibrosis is characterized by accumulation and stiffening of collagenous scar tissue which impairs organ functions to the point of failure. Fibrosis and dysregulated immune responses are also a feature of cancer, in which tumor cells escape immune control partly by manipulating TGF-β1 regulation and where immune cells are excluded from the tumor by fibrotic matrix created during the stroma 'healing' response. Despite the obvious potential of TGF-β-signalling therapies, globally targeting TGF-β1 receptor, downstream pathways, or the active growth factor have proven to be extremely difficult if not impossible in systemic treatment regimes. However, TGF-β1 binding to cell receptors requires prior activation from latent complexes that are extracellularly presented on the surface of immune cells or within the extracellular matrix. These different locations have led to some divergence in the field which is often either seen from the perspective of an immunologists or a fibrosis/matrix researcher. Despite these human boundaries, there is considerable overlap between immune and tissue repair cells with respect to latent TGF-β1 presentation and activation. Moreover, the mechanisms and proteins employed by different cells and spatiotemporal control of latent TGF-β1 activation provide specificity that is amenable to drug development. This review aims at synthesizing the knowledge on TGF-β1 extracellular activation in the immune system and in fibrosis to further stimulate cross talk between the two research communities in solving the TGF-β conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lodyga
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1G6, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1G6, Canada.
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29
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Yang C, Chen Y, Zhong L, You M, Yan Z, Luo M, Zhang B, Yang B, Chen Q. Homogeneity and heterogeneity of biological characteristics in mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cords and exfoliated deciduous teeth. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 98:415-425. [PMID: 31794246 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proven powerful potential for cell-based therapy both in regenerative medicine and disease treatment. Human umbilical cords and exfoliated deciduous teeth are the main sources of MSCs with no donor injury or ethical issues. The goal of this study was to investigate the differences in the biological characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). UCMSCs and SHEDs were identified by flow cytometry. The proliferation, differentiation, migration, chemotaxis, paracrine, immunomodulatory, neurite growth-promoting capabilities, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were comparatively studied between these two MSCs in vitro. The results showed that both SHEDs and UCMSCs expressed cell surface markers characteristic of MSCs. Furthermore, SHEDs exhibited better capacity for proliferation, migration, promotion of neurite growth, and chondrogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, UCMSCs showed more outstanding adipogenic differentiation and chemotaxy. Additionally, there were no significant differences in osteogenic differentiation, immunomodulatory capacity, and the proportion of ALDHBright compartment. Our findings indicate that although both UCMSCs and SHEDs are mesenchymal stem cells and presented some similar biological characteristics, they also have differences in many aspects, which might be helpful for developing future clinical cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Liwu Zhong
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Min You
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Maowen Luo
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Benyanzi Yang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China.,Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
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30
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Nakao M, Inanaga D, Nagase K, Kanazawa H. Characteristic differences of cell sheets composed of mesenchymal stem cells with different tissue origins. Regen Ther 2019; 11:34-40. [PMID: 31193157 PMCID: PMC6517796 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely used in many clinical trials, and therapy with MSC sheets shows promise for patients. However, there are few reports characterizing MSC sheets. In the present study, the properties of MSC sheets derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord were evaluated. METHODS Cell sheets were fabricated with MSCs from different tissue origins in temperature-responsive cell culture dishes with and without pre-coating of fetal bovine serum (FBS). MSC adhesion behavior in the culture dish was observed. Secretion of cytokines related to cell proliferation and immune regulation from MSC sheets was investigated by ELISA. The adhesion properties of the MSC sheets were investigated by time-lapse microscopy. RESULTS Different cell adhesion and proliferation rates in temperature-responsive cell culture dishes were observed among the three types of MSCs. FBS pre-coating of the dishes enhanced cell attachment and proliferation in all cell types. Harvested cell sheets showed high attachment capacity to tissue culture polystyrene dish surfaces. CONCLUSIONS MSC sheets can be fabricated from MSCs from different tissue origins using temperature-responsive cell culture dishes. The fabricated MSC sheets could be useful in cell transplantation therapies by choosing appropriate types of MSCs that secrete therapeutic cytokines for the targeted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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31
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El-Jawhari JJ, Kleftouris G, El-Sherbiny Y, Saleeb H, West RM, Jones E, Giannoudis PV. Defective Proliferation and Osteogenic Potential with Altered Immunoregulatory phenotype of Native Bone marrow-Multipotential Stromal Cells in Atrophic Fracture Non-Union. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17340. [PMID: 31758052 PMCID: PMC6874596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-Multipotential stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are increasingly used to treat complicated fracture healing e.g., non-union. Though, the quality of these autologous cells is not well characterized. We aimed to evaluate bone healing-related capacities of non-union BM-MSCs. Iliac crest-BM was aspirated from long-bone fracture patients with normal healing (U) or non-united (NU). Uncultured (native) CD271highCD45low cells or passage-zero cultured BM-MSCs were analyzed for gene expression levels, and functional assays were conducted using culture-expanded BM-MSCs. Blood samples were analyzed for serum cytokine levels. Uncultured NU-CD271highCD45low cells significantly expressed fewer transcripts of growth factor receptors, EGFR, FGFR1, and FGRF2 than U cells. Significant fewer transcripts of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), osteocalcin (BGLAP), osteonectin (SPARC) and osteopontin (SPP1) were detected in NU-CD271highCD45low cells. Additionally, immunoregulation-related markers were differentially expressed between NU- and U-CD271highCD45low cells. Interestingly, passage-zero NU BM-MSCs showed low expression of immunosuppressive mediators. However, culture-expanded NU and U BM-MSCs exhibited comparable proliferation, osteogenesis, and immunosuppression. Serum cytokine levels were found similar for NU and U groups. Collectively, native NU-BM-MSCs seemed to have low proliferative and osteogenic capacities; therefore, enhancing their quality should be considered for regenerative therapies. Further research on distorted immunoregulatory molecules expression in BM-MSCs could potentially benefit the prediction of complicated fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK. .,Clinical pathology department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - George Kleftouris
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Leeds General Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yasser El-Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Clinical pathology department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hany Saleeb
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Leeds General Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert M West
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Leeds General Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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32
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Pasztorek M, Rossmanith E, Mayr C, Hauser F, Jacak J, Ebner A, Weber V, Fischer MB. Influence of Platelet Lysate on 2D and 3D Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:338. [PMID: 31803733 PMCID: PMC6873824 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanobiological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in two- (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) cultures relies on the formation of actin filaments which occur as stress fibers and depends on mitochondrial dynamics involving vimentin intermediate filaments. Here we investigate whether human platelet lysate (HPL), that can potentially replace fetal bovine serum for clinical-scale expansion of functional cells, can modulate the stress fiber formation, alter mitochondrial morphology, change membrane elasticity and modulate immune regulatory molecules IDO and GARP in amnion derived MSCs. We can provide evidence that culture supplementation with HPL led to a reduction of stress fiber formation in 2D cultured MSCs compared to a conventional growth medium (MSCGM). 3D MSC cultures, in contrast, showed decreased actin concentrations independent of HPL supplementation. When stress fibers were further segregated by their binding to focal adhesions, a reduction in ventral stress fibers was observed in response to HPL in 2D cultured MSCs, while the length of the individual ventral stress fibers increased. Dorsal stress fibers or transverse arcs were not affected. Interestingly, ventral stress fiber formation did not correlate with membrane elasticity. 2D cultured MSCs did not show differences in the Young's modulus when propagated in the presence of HPL and further cultivation to passage 3 also had no effect on membrane elasticity. In addition, HPL reduced the mitochondrial mass of 2D cultured MSCs while the mitochondrial mass in 3D cultured MSCs was low initially. When mitochondria were segregated into punctuate, rods and networks, a cultivation-induced increase in punctuate and network mitochondria was observed in 2D cultured MSCs of passage 3. Finally, mRNA and protein expression of the immunomodulatory molecule IDO relied on stimulation of 2D culture MSCs with pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α with no effect upon HPL supplementation. GARP mRNA and surface expression was constitutively expressed and did not respond to HPL supplementation or stimulation with IFN-γ and TNF-α. In conclusion, we can say that MSCs cultivated in 2D and 3D are sensitive to medium supplementation with HPL with changes in actin filament formation, mitochondrial dynamics and membrane elasticity that can have an impact on the immunomodulatory function of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pasztorek
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Eva Rossmanith
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christoph Mayr
- Department of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Fabian Hauser
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Ebner
- Department of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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Oliva J. Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Organ Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215511. [PMID: 31694240 PMCID: PMC6862572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of donor organs is a major global concern. Organ failure requires the transplantation of functional organs. Donor’s organs are preserved for variable periods of warm and cold ischemia time, which requires placing them into a preservation device. Ischemia and reperfusion damage the organs, due to the lack of oxygen during the ischemia step, as well as the oxidative stress during the reperfusion step. Different methodologies are developed to prevent or to diminish the level of injuries. Preservation solutions were first developed to maximize cold static preservation, which includes the addition of several chemical compounds. The next chapter of organ preservation comes with the perfusion machine, where mechanical devices provide continuous flow and oxygenation ex vivo to the organs being preserved. In the addition of inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase and inhibitors of the proteasome, mesenchymal stem cells began being used 13 years ago to prevent or diminish the organ’s injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (e.g., bone marrow stem cells, adipose derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells) have proven to be powerful tools in repairing damaged organs. This review will focus upon the use of some bone marrow stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells on preventing or decreasing the injuries due to ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Oliva
- Emmaus Medical, Inc., 21250 Hawthorne Blvd, Suite 800, Torrance, CA 90503, USA
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Muhammad SA. Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome as a therapeutic strategy for traumatic brain injury. Biofactors 2019; 45:880-891. [PMID: 31498511 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health problem that is a common cause of disability and mortality. Despite the availability of many treatment options, none is capable of restoring functional and structural recovery of the damaged brain. Both the results of preclinical and clinical studies suggest the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy for structural and functional recovery in TBI. However, recent evidence shows that the neuroprotective potential of MSCs is due to multiple secretions of bioactive molecules that modulate tissue microenvironment for tissue repair and regeneration. The results of preclinical studies indicate the therapeutic benefits of MSC secretome in TBI. Soluble bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles are the various factors secreted by MSCs that can induce neurogenesis, angiogenesis, neovascularization, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review highlights the neuroprotective effect of MSC secretome for the treatment of TBI. In addition, the possible challenges of secretome as biotherapeutics are identified and how some of the issues raised could be overcome for effective clinical application are also discussed.
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Timaner M, Tsai KK, Shaked Y. The multifaceted role of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:225-237. [PMID: 31212021 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from the mesoderm that give rise to several mesenchymal lineages, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes. Their potent ability to home to tumors coupled with their differentiation potential and immunosuppressive function positions MSCs as key regulators of tumor fate. Here we review the existing knowledge on the involvement of MSCs in multiple tumor-promoting processes, including angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, immunosuppression and therapy resistance. We also discuss the clinical potential of MSC-based therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Timaner
- Technion-Integerated Cancer Center, Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kelvin K Tsai
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, and Division of Gastroenterology, Wan Fang Hospital, and Graduate Institutes of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Taiwan; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Technion-Integerated Cancer Center, Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Li R, Sun J, Yang F, Sun Y, Wu X, Zhou Q, Yu Y, Bi W. Effect of GARP on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the regulation of TGFβ1 in vitro. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6993. [PMID: 31198639 PMCID: PMC6535220 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have multipotential differentiation and self-renewal potential, are possible cells for tissue engineering. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) can be produced by MSCs in an inactive form, and the activation of TGFβ1 functions as an important regulator of osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. Recently, studies showed that Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) participated in the activation of latent TGFβ1, but the interaction between GARP and TGFβ1 is still undefined. In our study, we successfully isolated the MSCs from bone marrow of rats, and showed that GARP was detected in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). During the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, GARP expression was increased over time. To elucidate the interaction between GARP and TGFβ1, we downregulated GARP expression in BMSCs to examine the level of active TGFβ1. We then verified that the downregulation of GARP decreased the secretion of active TGFβ1. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation experiments, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity analyses and Alizarin Red S staining experiments were performed to evaluate the osteogenic capacity. After the downregulation of GARP, ALP activity and Alizarin Red S staining significantly declined and the osteogenic indicators, ALP, Runx2, and OPN, also decreased, both at the mRNA and protein levels. These results demonstrated that downregulated GARP expression resulted in the reduction of TGFβ1 and the attenuation of osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwen Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianrong Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Stomatology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Lamas JR, Fernandez-Gutierrez B, Mucientes A, Marco F, Lopiz Y, Jover JA, Abasolo L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez L. RNA sequencing of mesenchymal stem cells reveals a blocking of differentiation and immunomodulatory activities under inflammatory conditions in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:112. [PMID: 31060598 PMCID: PMC6501285 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into different types of cells of the mesenchymal lineage, such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. It is also known that under inflammatory stimuli or in the appropriate experimental conditions, they can also act as regulators of inflammation. Thus, in addition to their regenerating potential, their interest has been extended to their possible use in cell therapy strategies for treatment of immune disorders. Objective To analyze, by RNA-seq analysis, the transcriptome profiling of allogenic MSCs under RA lymphocyte activation. Methods We identified the differentially expressed genes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after exposure to an inflammatory environment. The transcriptome profiling was evaluated by means of the precise measurement of transcripts provided by the RNA-Seq technology. Results Our results evidenced the existence of blocking of both regenerative (differentiation) and immunomodulatory phenotypes under inflammatory conditions characterized by an upregulation of genes involved in immune processes and a simultaneous downregulation of genes mainly involved in regenerative or cell differentiation functions. Conclusions We conclude that the two main functions of MSCs (immunomodulation and differentiation) are blocked, at least while the inflammation is being resolved. Inflammation, at least partially mediated by gamma-interferon, drives MSCs to a cellular distress adopting a defensive state. This knowledge could be of particular interest in cases where the damage to be repaired has an important immune-mediated component. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1894-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ramon Lamas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Fernandez-Gutierrez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arkaitz Mucientes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Marco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Lopiz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Angel Jover
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Abasolo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Razmkhah M, Abtahi S, Ghaderi A. Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Immune Cells and Tumor Cells Crosstalk: A Sinister Triangle in the Tumor Microenvironment. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:43-51. [PMID: 30112998 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180816114809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells [MSCs] are a heterogeneous population of fibroblast-like cells which maintain self-renewability and pluripotency. Many studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on the innate and adaptive immune cells. As a result of interactions with tumor cells, microenvironment and immune-stimulating milieu, MSCs contribute to tumor progression by several mechanisms, including sustained proliferative signal in cancer stem cells [CSCs], inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis, transition to tumor-associated fibroblasts [TAFs], promotion of angiogenesis, stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition [EMT], suppression of immune responses, and consequential promotion of tumor metastasis. Here, we present an overview of the latest findings on Janusfaced roles that MSCs play in the tumor microenvironment [TME], with a concise focus on innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Abtahi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sherman LS, Romagano MP, Williams SF, Rameshwar P. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies in brain disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:111-119. [PMID: 30922957 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As treatments for diseases throughout the body progress, treatment for many brain diseases has been at a standstill due to difficulties in drug delivery. While new drugs are being discovered in vitro, these therapies are often hindered by inefficient tissue distribution and, more commonly, an inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Mesenchymal stem cells are thus being investigated as a delivery tool to directly target therapies to the brain to treat wide array of brain diseases. This review discusses the use of mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic disease (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy), an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease (multiple sclerosis), and a malignant condition (glioma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Sherman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA; School of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences Programs - Newark, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew P Romagano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Shauna F Williams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
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40
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Goodman RR, Jong MK, Davies JE. Concise review: The challenges and opportunities of employing mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 42:107338. [PMID: 30639517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To date only small animal models have been employed to assess the effect of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy on acute pancreatitis (AP), the most common cause of hospitalization for gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. We outline the challenges inherent in the small animal models of AP. We also point to specific benefits afforded by the adoption of larger animal models. The potential for MSC therapeutics in the treatment of AP was recognized over a decade ago. With sharper focus on the form of AP and development of new MSC delivery routes in larger animals, we believe the challenge can be engaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie R Goodman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Madelaine K Jong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1G6, Canada.
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41
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Yang J. Regulation of TGF-β1 on PI3KC3 and its role in hypertension-induced vascular injuries. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1717-1727. [PMID: 30783440 PMCID: PMC6364233 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PI3KC3) in the peripheral blood in patients with hypertension. A total of 28 patients with primary hypertension and 20 healthy control subjects were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected. The mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 assay, Transwell chamber assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the cell proliferation, migration ability and cellular apoptosis, respectively. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to detect the intracellular autophagosomes. The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly elevated, whereas the expression of PI3KC3 was significantly downregulated in the patients with hypertension compared with controls. There was negative correlation between the TGF-β1 and PI3KC3 expression. Following treatment with TGF-β1, the protein expression of PI3KC3 was significantly decreased in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the autophagic activity was significantly decreased. Furthermore, following the treatment of TGF-β1 the proliferation of HUVECs was significantly reduced in the HUVECs, the hypoxia-induced apoptosis rates were significantly elevated and the number of penetrating cells were significantly declined (indicating declined migration ability). However, the overexpression of PI3KC3 significantly ameliorated the proliferation, migration ability and hypoxia tolerance of TGF-β1-treated HUVECs. In conclusion, the present results indicated that TGF-β1 expression was elevated in the peripheral blood in hypertensive patients and negatively correlated with the PI3KC3 expression; and that TGF-β1 regulates the PI3KC3 signaling pathway to inhibit the autophagic activity of vascular endothelial cells, and regulate the cell proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis ability, thus aggregating the endothelial cell injuries in hypertension. The results of the current study revealed a novel mechanism of TGF-β1 in the regulation of endothelial cell injury in hypertension, which may provide a potential target for disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
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Mehdipour F, Razmkhah M, Rezaeifard S, Bagheri M, Talei AR, Khalatbari B, Ghaderi A. Mesenchymal stem cells induced anti-inflammatory features in B cells from breast tumor draining lymph nodes. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1658-1669. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mehdipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research; School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box: 71345-3119 Shiraz Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research; School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box: 71345-3119 Shiraz Iran
| | - Somayeh Rezaeifard
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research; School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box: 71345-3119 Shiraz Iran
| | - Mandana Bagheri
- Department of Pathology; Shiraz Central Hospital; Shiraz Iran
| | - Abdol-Rasoul Talei
- Breast Diseases Research Center; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Behzad Khalatbari
- Department of Plastic Surgery; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research; School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box: 71345-3119 Shiraz Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
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