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Sun S, Yang Q, Jiang D, Zhang Y. Nanobiotechnology augmented cancer stem cell guided management of cancer: liquid-biopsy, imaging, and treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:176. [PMID: 38609981 PMCID: PMC11015566 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent both a key driving force and therapeutic target of tumoral carcinogenesis, tumor evolution, progression, and recurrence. CSC-guided tumor diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance are strategically significant in improving cancer patients' overall survival. Due to the heterogeneity and plasticity of CSCs, high sensitivity, specificity, and outstanding targeting are demanded for CSC detection and targeting. Nanobiotechnologies, including biosensors, nano-probes, contrast enhancers, and drug delivery systems, share identical features required. Implementing these techniques may facilitate the overall performance of CSC detection and targeting. In this review, we focus on some of the most recent advances in how nanobiotechnologies leverage the characteristics of CSC to optimize cancer diagnosis and treatment in liquid biopsy, clinical imaging, and CSC-guided nano-treatment. Specifically, how nanobiotechnologies leverage the attributes of CSC to maximize the detection of circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes, to improve positron emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and to enhance the therapeutic effects of cytotoxic therapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy therapy, and radioimmunotherapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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2
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Alqualo NO, Campos-Fernandez E, Picolo BU, Ferreira EL, Henriques LM, Lorenti S, Moreira DC, Simião MPS, Oliveira LBT, Alonso-Goulart V. Molecular biomarkers in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and clinical relevance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 194:104232. [PMID: 38101717 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men and assessing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by liquid biopsy is a promising tool to help in cancer early detection, staging, risk of recurrence evaluation, treatment prediction and monitoring. Blood-based liquid biopsy approaches enable the enrichment, detection and characterization of CTCs by biomarker analysis. Hence, comprehending the molecular markers, their role on each stage of cancer development and progression is essential to provide information that can help in future implementation of these biomarkers in clinical assistance. In this review, we studied the molecular markers most associated with PCa CTCs to better understand their function on tumorigenesis and metastatic cascade, the methodologies utilized to analyze these biomarkers and their clinical significance, in order to summarize the available information to guide researchers in their investigations, new hypothesis formulation and target choice for the development of new diagnostic and treatment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Oliveira Alqualo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Esther Campos-Fernandez
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Bianca Uliana Picolo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Lorrayne Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Laila Machado Henriques
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Lorenti
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Danilo Caixeta Moreira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Silva Simião
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luciana Beatriz Tiago Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Vivian Alonso-Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil.
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3
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Ponomarev AS, Gilazieva ZE, Solovyova VV, Rizvanov AA. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Stemness Modulation during Formation of Spheroids. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:979-994. [PMID: 37751868 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), their properties and interaction with microenvironment are of interest in modern medicine and biology. There are many studies on the emergence of CSCs and their involvement in tumor pathogenesis. The most important property inherent to CSCs is their stemness. Stemness combines ability of the cell to maintain its pluripotency, give rise to differentiated cells, and interact with environment to maintain a balance between dormancy, proliferation, and regeneration. While adult stem cells exhibit these properties by participating in tissue homeostasis, CSCs behave as their malignant equivalents. High tumor resistance to therapy, ability to differentiate, activate angiogenesis and metastasis arise precisely due to the stemness of CSCs. These cells can be used as a target for therapy of different types of cancer. Laboratory models are needed to study cancer biology and find new therapeutic strategies. A promising direction is three-dimensional tumor models or spheroids. Such models exhibit properties resembling stemness in a natural tumor. By modifying spheroids, it becomes possible to investigate the effect of therapy on CSCs, thus contributing to the development of anti-tumor drug test systems. The review examines the niche of CSCs, the possibility of their study using three-dimensional spheroids, and existing markers for assessing stemness of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei S Ponomarev
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Zarema E Gilazieva
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyova
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia.
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4
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Yehya A, Youssef J, Hachem S, Ismael J, Abou-Kheir W. Tissue-specific cancer stem/progenitor cells: Therapeutic implications. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:323-341. [PMID: 37342220 PMCID: PMC10277968 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation are the standard therapeutic modalities for treating cancer. These approaches are intended to target the more mature and rapidly dividing cancer cells. However, they spare the relatively quiescent and intrinsically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) subpopulation residing within the tumor tissue. Thus, a temporary eradication is achieved and the tumor bulk tends to revert supported by CSCs' resistant features. Based on their unique expression profile, the identification, isolation, and selective targeting of CSCs hold great promise for challenging treatment failure and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. Yet, targeting CSCs is limited mainly by the irrelevance of the utilized cancer models. A new era of targeted and personalized anti-cancer therapies has been developed with cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as a tool for establishing pre-clinical tumor models. Herein, we discuss the updated and presently available tissue-specific CSC markers in five highly occurring solid tumors. Additionally, we highlight the advantage and relevance of the three-dimensional PDOs culture model as a platform for modeling cancer, evaluating the efficacy of CSC-based therapeutics, and predicting drug response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Yehya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Joe Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Sana Hachem
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jana Ismael
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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5
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Jang A, Lanka SM, Huang M, Casado CV, Caputo SA, Sweeney PL, Gupta K, Pocha O, Habibian N, Hawkins ME, Lieberman AD, Schwartz J, Jaeger EB, Miller PJ, Layton JL, Barata PC, Lewis BE, Ledet EM, Sartor O. Comparison of circulating tumor DNA between African American and Caucasian patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer post-abiraterone and/or enzalutamide. Prostate 2023. [PMID: 37113064 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American men are much more likely than Caucasian men to be diagnosed with and to die of prostate cancer. Genetic differences likely play a role. The cBioPortal database reveals that African American men with prostate cancer have higher rates of CDK12 somatic mutations compared to Caucasian men. However, this does not account for prior prostate cancer treatments, which are particularly important in the castrate-resistant setting. We aimed to compare somatic mutations based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) between African American and Caucasian men after exposure to abiraterone and/or enzalutamide. METHODS This single-institution retrospective study characterizes the somatic mutations detected on ctDNA for African American and Caucasian men with mCRPC who had progressed after abiraterone and/or enzalutamide from 2015 through 2022. We evaluated the gene mutations and types of mutations in this mCRPC cohort. RESULTS There were 50 African American and 200 Caucasian men with CRPC with available ctDNA data. African American men were younger at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.008) and development of castration resistance (p = 0.006). African American men were more likely than Caucasian men to have pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) mutations in CDK12 (12% vs. 1.5%; p = 0.003) and copy number amplifications and P/LP mutations in KIT (8.0% vs. 1.5%; p = 0.031). African American men were also significantly more likely to have frameshift mutations (28% vs. 14%; p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Compared to Caucasian men, African American men with mCRPC after exposure to abiraterone and/or enzalutamide had a higher incidence of somatic CDK12 P/LP mutations and KIT amplifications and P/LP mutations based on ctDNA. African American men also had more frameshift mutations. We hypothesize that these findings have potential implications for tumor immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jang
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sree M Lanka
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Minqi Huang
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Crystal V Casado
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sydney A Caputo
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patrick L Sweeney
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kanika Gupta
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Olivia Pocha
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Madeline E Hawkins
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alexandra D Lieberman
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Schwartz
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ellen B Jaeger
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patrick J Miller
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jodi L Layton
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Pedro C Barata
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brian E Lewis
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elisa M Ledet
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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6
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Verma P, Shukla N, Kumari S, Ansari M, Gautam NK, Patel GK. Cancer stem cell in prostate cancer progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188887. [PMID: 36997008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed malignancy in the men worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the sub-population of cells present in the tumor which possess unique properties of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation thus thought to be major cause of therapy resistance, disease relapse, and mortality in several malignancies including PCa. CSCs have also been shown positive for the common stem cells markers such as ALDH EZH2, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, Nanog etc. Therefore, isolation and characterization of CSCs specific markers which may discriminate CSCs and normal stem cells are critical to selectively eliminate CSCs. Rapid advances in the field offers a theoretical explanation for many of the enduring uncertainties encompassing the etiology and an optimism for the identification of new stem-cell targets, development of reliable and efficient therapies in the future. The emerging reports have also provided unprecedented insights into CSCs plasticity, quiescence, renewal, and therapeutic response. In this review, we discuss the identification of PCa stem cells, their unique properties, stemness-driving pathways, new diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions.
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7
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Mayani H, Chávez-González A, Vázquez-Santillan K, Contreras J, Guzman ML. Cancer Stem Cells: Biology and Therapeutic Implications. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:770-784. [PMID: 36462951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that most cancers derive and progress from transformation and clonal expansion of a single cell that possesses stem cell properties, i.e., self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities. Such cancer stem cells (CSCs) are usually present at very low frequencies and possess properties that make them key players in tumor development. Indeed, besides having the ability to initiate tumor growth, CSCs drive tumor progression and metastatic dissemination, are resistant to most cancer drugs, and are responsible for cancer relapse. All of these features make CSCs attractive targets for the development of more effective oncologic treatments. In the present review article, we have summarized recent advances in the biology of CSCs, including their identification through their immunophenotype, and their physiology, both in vivo and in vitro. We have also analyzed some molecular markers that might become targets for developing new therapies aiming at hampering CSCs regeneration and cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Mayani
- Unidad de Investigaci..n en Enfermedades Oncol..gicas, Hospital de Oncolog.ía, Centro M..dico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Ciudad de M..xico, M..xico.
| | - Antonieta Chávez-González
- Unidad de Investigaci..n en Enfermedades Oncol..gicas, Hospital de Oncolog.ía, Centro M..dico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Ciudad de M..xico, M..xico
| | | | - Jorge Contreras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Castellón EA, Indo S, Contreras HR. Cancer Stemness/Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Axis Influences Metastasis and Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314917. [PMID: 36499245 PMCID: PMC9736174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death in men, worldwide. Mortality is highly related to metastasis and hormone resistance, but the molecular underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have studied the presence and role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa, using both in vitro and in vivo models, thereby providing evidence that the stemness-mesenchymal axis seems to be a critical process related to relapse, metastasis and resistance. These are complex and related processes that involve a cooperative action of different cancer cell subpopulations, in which CSCs and mesenchymal cancer cells (MCCs) would be responsible for invading, colonizing pre-metastatic niches, initiating metastasis and an evading treatments response. Manipulating the stemness-EMT axis genes on the androgen receptor (AR) may shed some light on the effect of this axis on metastasis and castration resistance in PCa. It is suggested that the EMT gene SNAI2/Slug up regulates the stemness gene Sox2, and vice versa, inducing AR expression, promoting metastasis and castration resistance. This approach will provide new sight about the role of the stemness-mesenchymal axis in the metastasis and resistance mechanisms in PCa and their potential control, contributing to develop new therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic and castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique A. Castellón
- Correspondence: (E.A.C.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-229-786-863 (E.A.C.); +56-229-786-862 (H.R.C.)
| | | | - Héctor R. Contreras
- Correspondence: (E.A.C.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-229-786-863 (E.A.C.); +56-229-786-862 (H.R.C.)
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9
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Mishra A, Pathak Y, Mishra SK, Prakash H, Tripathi V. Natural compounds as a potential modifier of stem cells renewal: Comparative analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175412. [PMID: 36427534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are indispensable for development, progression, drug resistance, and tumor metastasis. Current cancer-directed interventions target targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells and slow dividing CSCs, which are the root cause of cancer origin and recurrence. The most promising targets include several self-renewal pathways involved in the maintenance and renewal of CSCs, such as the Wnt/β-Catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, Hippo, Autophagy, and Ferroptosis. In view of safety, natural compounds are coming to the front line of treatment modalities for modifying various signaling pathways simultaneously involved in maintaining CSCs. Therefore, targeting CSCs with natural compounds is a promising approach to treating various types of cancers. In view of this, here we provide a comprehensive update on the current status of natural compounds that effectively tune key self-renewal pathways of CSCs. In addition, we highlighted surface expression markers in several types of cancer. We also emphasize how natural compounds target these self-renewal pathways to reduce therapy resistance and cancer recurrence properties of CSCs, hence providing valuable cancer therapeutic strategies. The inclusion of nutraceuticals is believed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of current cancer-directed interventions significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Yamini Pathak
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | | | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishwas Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India.
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10
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Kushwaha PP, Verma S, Kumar S, Gupta S. Role of prostate cancer stem-like cells in the development of antiandrogen resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:459-471. [PMID: 35800367 PMCID: PMC9255247 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care treatment for advance stage prostate cancer. Treatment with ADT develops resistance in multiple ways leading to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Present research establishes that prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play a central role in the development of treatment resistance followed by disease progression. Prostate CSCs are capable of self-renewal, differentiation, and regenerating tumor heterogeneity. The stemness properties in prostate CSCs arise due to various factors such as androgen receptor mutation and variants, epigenetic and genetic modifications leading to alteration in the tumor microenvironment, changes in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and adaptations in molecular signaling pathways. ADT reprograms prostate tumor cellular machinery leading to the expression of various stem cell markers such as Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1 (ALDH1A1), Prominin 1 (PROM1/CD133), Indian blood group (CD44), SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2 (Sox2), POU Class 5 Homeobox 1(POU5F1/Oct4), Nanog and ABC transporters. These markers indicate enhanced self-renewal and stemness stimulating CRPC evolution, metastatic colonization, and resistance to antiandrogens. In this review, we discuss the role of ADT in prostate CSCs differentiation and acquisition of CRPC, their isolation, identification and characterization, as well as the factors and pathways contributing to CSCs expansion and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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11
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Foster BM, Shi L, Harris KS, Patel C, Surratt VE, Langsten KL, Kerr BA. Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Factor Regulates Prostate Cancer-Induced Shifts in Pre-Metastatic Niche Composition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855188. [PMID: 35515124 PMCID: PMC9063312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in prostate cancer, with 80% of advanced prostate cancer patients developing bone metastases. Before metastasis, bone remodeling occurs, stimulating pre-metastatic niche formation and bone turnover, and platelets govern this process. Stem cell factor (SCF, Kit Ligand) is increased in advanced prostate cancer patient platelet releasates. Further, SCF and its receptor, CD117/c-kit, correlate with metastatic prostate cancer severity. We hypothesized that bone-derived SCF plays an important role in prostate cancer tumor communication with the bone inducing pre-metastatic niche formation. We generated two cell-specific SCF knockout mouse models deleting SCF in either mature osteoblasts or megakaryocytes and platelets. Using two syngeneic androgen-insensitive murine prostate cancer cell lines, RM1 (Ras and Myc co-activation) and mPC3 (Pten and Trp53 deletion), we examined the role of bone marrow-derived SCF in primary tumor growth and bone microenvironment alterations. Platelet-derived SCF was required for mPC3, but not RM1, tumor growth, while osteoblast-derived SCF played no role in tumor size in either cell line. While exogenous SCF induced proangiogenic protein secretion by RM1 and mPC3 prostate cancer cells, no significant changes in tumor angiogenesis were measured by immunohistochemistry. Like our previous studies, tumor-induced bone formation occurred in mice bearing RM1 or mPC3 neoplasms, demonstrated by bone histomorphometry. RM1 tumor-bearing osteoblast SCF knockout mice did not display tumor-induced bone formation. Bone stromal cell composition analysis by flow cytometry showed significant shifts in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), and osteoblast cell percentages in mice bearing RM1 or mPC3 tumors. There were no significant changes in the percentage of macrophages, osteoclasts, or osteocytes. Our study demonstrates that megakaryocyte/platelet-derived SCF regulates primary mPC3 tumor growth, while SCF originating from osteoblasts plays a role in bone marrow-derived progenitor cell composition and pre-metastatic niche formation. Further, we show that both the source of SCF and the genetic profile of prostate cancer determine the effects of SCF. Thus, targeting the SCF/CD117 signaling axis with tyrosine kinase inhibitors could affect primary prostate carcinomas or play a role in reducing bone metastasis dependent on the gene deletions or mutations driving the patients' prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M. Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Koran S. Harris
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chirayu Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Victoria E. Surratt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kendall L. Langsten
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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12
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Chroni A, Kumar S. Tumors Are Evolutionary Island-Like Ecosystems. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:evab276. [PMID: 34894238 PMCID: PMC8717120 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of ecological and evolutionary features has begun to understand the interplay of tumor heterogeneity, microenvironment, and metastatic potential. Developing a theoretical framework is intrinsic to deciphering tumors' tremendous spatial and longitudinal genetic variation patterns in patients. Here, we propose that tumors can be considered evolutionary island-like ecosystems, that is, isolated systems that undergo evolutionary and spatiotemporal dynamic processes that shape tumor microenvironments and drive the migration of cancer cells. We examine attributes of insular systems and causes of insularity, such as physical distance and connectivity. These properties modulate migration rates of cancer cells through processes causing spatial and temporal isolation of the organs and tissues functioning as a supply of cancer cells for new colonizations. We discuss hypotheses, predictions, and limitations of tumors as islands analogy. We present emerging evidence of tumor insularity in different cancer types and discuss their relevance to the islands model. We suggest that the engagement of tumor insularity into conceptual and mathematical models holds promise to illuminate cancer evolution, tumor heterogeneity, and metastatic potential of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Chroni
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, USA
- Center for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Foster BM, Langsten KL, Mansour A, Shi L, Kerr BA. Tissue distribution of stem cell factor in adults. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 122:104678. [PMID: 34450114 PMCID: PMC8516741 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) is an essential cytokine during development and is necessary for gametogenesis, hematopoiesis, mast cell development, stem cell function, and melanogenesis. Here, we measure SCF concentration and distribution in adult humans and mice using gene expression analysis, tissue staining, and organ protein lysates. We demonstrate continued SCF expression in many cell types and tissues into adulthood. Tissues with high expression in adult humans included stomach, spleen, kidney, lung, and pancreas. In mice, we found high SCF expression in the esophagus, ovary, uterus, kidney, and small intestine. Future studies may correlate our findings of increased, organ-specific SCF concentrations within adult tissues with increased risk of SCF/CD117-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Kendall L Langsten
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Ammar Mansour
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America.
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14
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Kim JO, Kim KH, Baek EJ, Park B, So MK, Ko BJ, Ko HJ, Park SG. A novel anti-c-Kit antibody-drug conjugate to treat wild-type and activating-mutant c-Kit-positive tumors. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1290-1308. [PMID: 34407310 PMCID: PMC8936518 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
c‐Kit overexpression and activating mutations, which are reported in various cancers, including gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC), acute myeloid leukemia, acral melanoma, and systemic mastocytosis (SM), confer resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). To overcome TKI resistance, an anti‐c‐Kit antibody–drug conjugate was developed in this study to treat wild‐type and mutant c‐Kit‐positive cancers. NN2101, a fully human IgG1, was conjugated to DM1, a microtubule inhibitor, through N‐succinimidyl‐4‐(N‐maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate (SMCC) (to give NN2101‐DM1). The antitumor activity of NN2101‐DM1 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using various cancer cell lines. NN2101‐DM1 exhibited potent growth‐inhibitory activities against c‐Kit‐positive cancer cell lines. In a mouse xenograft model, NN2101‐DM1 exhibited potent growth‐inhibitory activities against imatinib‐resistant GIST and SM cells. In addition, NN2101‐DM1 exhibited a significantly higher anti‐cancer effect than carboplatin/etoposide against SCLC cells where c‐Kit does not mediate cancer pathogenesis. Furthermore, the combination of NN2101‐DM1 with imatinib in imatinib‐sensitive GIST cells induced complete remission compared with treatment with NN2101‐DM1 or imatinib alone in mouse xenograft models. These results suggest that NN2101‐DM1 is a potential therapeutic agent for wild‐type and mutant c‐Kit‐positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ock Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Korea
| | | | - Eun Ji Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Korea
| | - Bomi Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Korea
| | - Min Kyung So
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Ko
- School of Biopharmaceutical and Medicinal Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sang Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Korea.,Novelty Nobility, Seongnam-si, Korea
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15
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Kerr BA, Harris KS, Shi L, Willey JS, Soto-Pantoja DR, Byzova TV. Platelet TSP-1 controls prostate cancer-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone marrow-derived cell mobilization through TGFβ-1. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:18-31. [PMID: 33816691 PMCID: PMC8012834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of distant metastasis is the leading cause of prostate cancer (CaP)-related death, with the skeleton being the primary site of metastasis. While the progression of primary tumors and the growth of bone metastatic tumors are well described, the mechanisms controlling pre-metastatic niche formation and homing of CaP to bone remain unclear. Through prior studies, we demonstrated that platelet secretion was required for ongoing tumor growth and pre-metastatic tumor-induced bone formation. Platelets stimulated bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) mobilization to tumors supporting angiogenesis. We hypothesized that proteins released by the platelet α granules were responsible for inducing changes in the pre-metastatic bone niche. We found that the classically anti-angiogenic protein thrombospondin (TSP)-1 was significantly increased in the platelets of mice with RM1 murine CaP tumors. To determine the role of increased TSP-1, we implanted tumors in TSP-1 null animals and assessed changes in tumor growth and pre-metastatic niche. TSP-1 loss resulted in increased tumor size and enhanced angiogenesis by immunohistochemistry. Conversely, TSP-1 deletion reduced BMDC mobilization and enhanced osteoclast formation resulting in decreased tumor-induced bone formation as measured by microcomputed tomography. We hypothesized that changes in the pre-metastatic niche were due to the retention of TGF-β1 in the platelets of mice after TSP-1 deletion. To assess the importance of platelet-derived TGF-β1, we implanted RM1 CaP tumors in mice with platelet factor 4-driven deletion of TGF-β1 in platelets and megakaryocytes. Like TSP-1 deletion, loss of platelet TGF-β1 resulted in increased angiogenesis with a milder effect on tumor size and BMDC release. Within the bone microenvironment, platelet TGF-β1 deletion prevented tumor-induced bone formation due to increased osteoclastogenesis. Thus, we demonstrate that the TSP-1/TGF-β1 axis regulates pre-metastatic niche formation and tumor-induced bone turnover. Targeting the platelet release of TSP-1 or TGF-β1 represents a potential method to interfere with the process of CaP metastasis to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Koran S Harris
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David R Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, USA
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, USA
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16
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Harris KS, Shi L, Foster BM, Mobley ME, Elliott PL, Song CJ, Watabe K, Langefeld CD, Kerr BA. CD117/c-kit defines a prostate CSC-like subpopulation driving progression and TKI resistance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1465. [PMID: 33446896 PMCID: PMC7809150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence, and may also represent a subset of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In our prior study, CTCs in advanced prostate cancer patients were found to express CD117/c-kit in a liquid biopsy. Whether CD117 expression played an active or passive role in the aggressiveness and migration of these CTCs remained an open question. In this study, we show that CD117 expression in prostate cancer patients is associated with decreased overall and progression-free survival and that activation and phosphorylation of CD117 increases in prostate cancer patients with higher Gleason grades. To determine how CD117 expression and activation by its ligand stem cell factor (SCF, kit ligand, steel factor) alter prostate cancer aggressiveness, we used C4-2 and PC3-mm human prostate cancer cells, which contain a CD117+ subpopulation. We demonstrate that CD117+ cells display increased proliferation and migration. In prostaspheres, CD117 expression enhances sphere formation. In both 2D and 3D cultures, stemness marker gene expression is higher in CD117+ cells. Using xenograft limiting dilution assays and serial tumor initiation assays, we show that CD117+ cells represent a CSC population. Combined, these data indicate that CD117 expression potentially promotes tumor initiation and metastasis. Further, in cell lines, CD117 activation by SCF promotes faster proliferation and invasiveness, while blocking CD117 activation with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) decreased progression in a context-dependent manner. We demonstrate that CD117 expression and activation drives prostate cancer aggressiveness through the CSC phenotype and TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koran S Harris
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Brittni M Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mary E Mobley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Phyllis L Elliott
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Conner J Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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17
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Kikkeri K, Kerr BA, Bertke AS, Strobl JS, Agah M. Passivated-electrode insulator-based dielectrophoretic separation of heterogeneous cell mixtures. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1576-1585. [PMID: 31991043 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate purification of various heterogeneous mixtures is a critical step for a multitude of molecular, chemical, and biological applications. Dielectrophoresis has shown to be a promising technique for particle separation due to its exploitation of the intrinsic electrical properties, simple fabrication, and low cost. Here, we present a geometrically novel dielectrophoretic channel design which utilizes an array of localized electric fields to separate a variety of unique particle mixtures into distinct populations. This label-free device incorporates multiple winding rows with several nonuniform structures on to sidewalls to produce high electric field gradients, enabling high locally generated dielectrophoretic forces. A balance between dielectrophoretic forces and Stokes' drag is used to effectively isolate each particle population. Mixtures of polystyrene beads (500 nm and 2 μm), breast cancer cells spiked in whole blood, and for the first time, neuron and satellite glial cells were used to study the separation capabilities of the design. We found that our device was able to rapidly separate unique particle populations with over 90% separation yields for each investigated mixture. The unique architecture of the device uses passivated-electrode insulator-based dielectrophoresis in an innovative microfluidic device to separate a variety of heterogeneous mixture without particle saturation in the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruthika Kikkeri
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Andrea S Bertke
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jeannine S Strobl
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Masoud Agah
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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18
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Yang L, Shi P, Zhao G, Xu J, Peng W, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wang X, Dong Z, Chen F, Cui H. Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:8. [PMID: 32296030 PMCID: PMC7005297 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 868] [Impact Index Per Article: 217.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and contribute to multiple tumor malignancies, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. The biological activities of CSCs are regulated by several pluripotent transcription factors, such as OCT4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, and MYC. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Notch, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin), TGF (transforming growth factor)/SMAD, and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), as well as extracellular factors, such as vascular niches, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix, and exosomes, have been shown to be very important regulators of CSCs. Molecules, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) cells have been developed to specifically target CSCs, and some of these factors are already undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the characterization and identification of CSCs, depicts major factors and pathways that regulate CSC development, and discusses potential targeted therapy for CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Campos-Fernández E, Barcelos LS, de Souza AG, Goulart LR, Alonso-Goulart V. Research landscape of liquid biopsies in prostate cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1309-1328. [PMID: 31392072 PMCID: PMC6682718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies show that liquid biopsies are efficient in the detection of circulating cancer products. However, scientific community has not yet implemented this technology in routine clinical practice. Liquid biopsies are less invasive than traditional surgical ones because they rely on the detection of specific biomarkers in readily accessible body fluid samples. The clinical management of prostate cancer depends on the controversial blood serum biomarker PSA (prostate specific antigen). PSA tests have a low accuracy. In addition, a positive PSA result for prostate cancer needs a confirmation through a tissue biopsy. Thus, liquid biopsies are considered tools to find a surrogate biomarker. This review aimed to show the landscape of liquid biopsies in prostate cancer research to understand its challenges and foresee the trends in this area. We performed an exhaustive Pubmed search of articles reporting the study of liquid biopsies in prostate cancer with circulating tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles as targets. After a thorough analysis, we retrieved sixty-two relevant articles. Among the identified articles, the most used target and body fluid were circulating tumor cells and blood, respectively. Enumeration of circulating tumor cells was the most reported parameter, but it was often combined with other biomarkers. The most used methods for biomarker detection were those based on transcriptome analysis. Despite the vast literature about liquid biopsy in prostate cancer, most studies seem to be stuck on improving the yield of technologies. Consequently, they seem to test a limited number of samples. Larger cohorts could provide robust evidence to translate liquid biopsies of prostate cancer to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Campos-Fernández
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Barcelos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Gomes de Souza
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Alonso-Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, MG, Brazil
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20
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Skvortsov S, Skvortsova II, Tang DG, Dubrovska A. Concise Review: Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Current Understanding. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1457-1474. [PMID: 29845679 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is heterogeneous, harboring phenotypically diverse cancer cell types. PCa cell heterogeneity is caused by genomic instability that leads to the clonal competition and evolution of the cancer genome and by epigenetic mechanisms that result in subclonal cellular differentiation. The process of tumor cell differentiation is initiated from a population of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) that possess many phenotypic and functional properties of normal stem cells. Since the initial reports on PCSCs in 2005, there has been much effort to elucidate their biological properties, including unique metabolic characteristics. In this Review, we discuss the current methods for PCSC enrichment and analysis, the hallmarks of PCSC metabolism, and the role of PCSCs in tumor progression. Stem Cells 2018;36:1457-1474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Skvortsov
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Ren X, Foster BM, Ghassemi P, Strobl JS, Kerr BA, Agah M. Entrapment of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells with a Sequential Size-Based Microfluidic Chip. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7526-7534. [PMID: 29790741 PMCID: PMC6830444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are broadly accepted as an indicator for early cancer diagnosis and disease severity. However, there is currently no reliable method available to capture and enumerate all CTCs as most systems require either an initial CTC isolation or antibody-based capture for CTC enumeration. Many size-based CTC detection and isolation microfluidic platforms have been presented in the past few years. Here we describe a new size-based, multiple-row cancer cell entrapment device that captured LNCaP-C4-2 prostate cancer cells with >95% efficiency when in spiked mouse whole blood at ∼50 cells/mL. The capture ratio and capture limit on each row was optimized and it was determined that trapping chambers with five or six rows of micro constriction channels were needed to attain a capture ratio >95%. The device was operated under a constant pressure mode at the inlet for blood samples which created a uniform pressure differential across all the microchannels in this array. When the cancer cells deformed in the constriction channel, the blood flow temporarily slowed down. Once inside the trapping chamber, the cancer cells recovered their original shape after the deformation created by their passage through the constriction channel. The CTCs reached the cavity region of the trapping chamber, such that the blood flow in the constriction channel resumed. On the basis of this principle, the CTCs will be captured by this high-throughput entrapment chip (CTC-HTECH), thus confirming the potential for our CTC-HTECH to be used for early stage CTC enrichment and entrapment for clinical diagnosis using liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Brittni M. Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Parham Ghassemi
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jeannine S. Strobl
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Masoud Agah
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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22
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Foster BM, Zaidi D, Young TR, Mobley ME, Kerr BA. CD117/c-kit in Cancer Stem Cell-Mediated Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Biomedicines 2018. [PMID: 29518044 PMCID: PMC5874688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer patient morbidity and mortality, but due to persisting gaps in our knowledge, it remains untreatable. Metastases often occur as patient tumors progress or recur after initial therapy. Tumor recurrence at the primary site may be driven by a cancer stem-like cell or tumor progenitor cell, while recurrence at a secondary site is driven by metastatic cancer stem cells or metastasis-initiating cells. Ongoing efforts are aimed at identifying and characterizing these stem-like cells driving recurrence and metastasis. One potential marker for the cancer stem-like cell subpopulation is CD117/c-kit, a tyrosine kinase receptor associated with cancer progression and normal stem cell maintenance. Further, activation of CD117 by its ligand stem cell factor (SCF; kit ligand) in the progenitor cell niche stimulates several signaling pathways driving proliferation, survival, and migration. This review examines evidence that the SCF/CD117 signaling axis may contribute to the control of cancer progression through the regulation of stemness and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Danish Zaidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Tyler R Young
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Mary E Mobley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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23
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Wang YJ, Huang CY, Hou WH, Wang CC, Lan KH, Yu HJ, Lai MK, Liu SP, Pu YS, Cheng JCH. Dual-timing PSA as a biomarker for patients with salvage intensity modulated radiation therapy for biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44224-44235. [PMID: 27317764 PMCID: PMC5190091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the outcomes and the associated clinical-pathological factors in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing salvage intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for post-radical-prostatectomy (RP) biochemical failure. We report clinical outcomes of post-RP salvage IMRT, and describe chronic toxicity in these patients.Fifty patients with PCa underwent post-RP salvage IMRT. The median dose of IMRT was 70 Gy to the prostatic and seminal vesicle bed. Clinical-pathological and toxicity information were collected. The prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and biochemical-failure-free survival (BFFS) were calculated. Prognostic factors were analyzed for their association with disease control.The median follow-up time was 74 months. The 5-year PCSS, DFS, and BFFS after salvage IMRT were 95%, 88%, and 60%, respectively. Two patients (4%) experienced late gastrointestinal toxicity ≥ grade 3, and 5 patients (10%) had late genitourinary toxicity ≥ grade 3. On multivariate analysis, post-RP prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir ≤0.1 ng/ml (P=0.018) and PSA ≤0.5 ng/ml at salvage IMRT (P=0.016) were independent factors predicting better BFFS. Patients with both post-RP PSA nadir ≤0.1 ng/ml and PSA ≤0.5 ng/ml at salvage IMRT had a 5-year BFFS of 83% as compared with 43% in other patients (P=0.001).In conclusion, with hormonal therapy in most PCa patients, the addition of salvage IMRT for post-RP biochemical failure can achieve a good outcome with low toxicity. Patients with a post-RP PSA nadir ≤0.1 ng/ml and PSA ≤0.5 ng/ml at salvage IMRT could benefit the most from salvage IMRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsien Hou
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hsueh Lan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jen Yu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuen Lai
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shihh-Ping Liu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Park SH, Keller ET, Shiozawa Y. Bone Marrow Microenvironment as a Regulator and Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:152-162. [PMID: 29094177 PMCID: PMC5807175 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the most common site of prostate cancer metastasis. Once prostate cancer cells metastasize to bone, the mortality rate of prostate cancer patients increases significantly. Furthermore, bone metastases produce multiple skeletal complications, including bone pain that impairs the patients' quality of life. Effective therapies for bone metastatic disease are underdeveloped with most current therapies being primarily palliative with modest survival benefit. Although the exact mechanisms through which prostate cancer metastasizes to bone are unclear, growing evidence suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment, particularly its hematopoietic activity, is a significant mediator of prostate cancer bone tropism. Moreover, the bone microenvironment may regulate metastatic prostate cancer cells between dormant and proliferative states. In this review, we discuss (1) how prostate cancer cells interact with the bone microenvironment to establish bone metastases and (2) current and future potential treatments for prostate cancer patients with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Evan T Keller
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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25
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Romagnoli C, Zonefrati R, Galli G, Aldinucci A, Nuti N, Martelli FS, Tonelli P, Tanini A, Brandi ML. The effect of strontium chloride on human periodontal ligament stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 14:283-293. [PMID: 29354155 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2017.14.3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The complete repair of periodontal structures remains an exciting challenge that prompts researchers to develop new treatments to restore the periodontium. Recent research has suggested strontium ion to be an attractive candidate to improve osteogenic activity. In this study, we have isolated a clonal finite cell line derived from human periodontal ligament (PDL) in order to assess whether and in which way different doses of SrCl2 (from 0.5 to 500 μg/ml) can influence both the proliferation and the mineralization process, for future application in oral diseases. PDL cells were cloned by dilution plating technique and characterized by FACS. Cell proliferation analysis and mineralization were performed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and spectrofluorometric assay. Results have evidenced that the higher SrCl2 concentrations tested, from 25 to 500 μg/ml, have increased the proliferation activity after only 24 h of treatment. Interestingly, the same higher concentrations have decreased the mineralization, which was conversely increased by the lower ones, from 0.5 to 10 μg/ml. Our findings suggest the possible use of SrCl2 in appropriate delivery systems that release, at different time points, the specific dose, depending on the biological response that we want to induce on periodontal ligament stem cells, providing a more efficient periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianna Galli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Nuti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Tonelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tanini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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26
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Dashzeveg NK, Taftaf R, Ramos EK, Torre-Healy L, Chumakova A, Silver DJ, Alban TJ, Sinyuk M, Thiagarajan PS, Jarrar AM, Turaga SM, Saygin C, Mulkearns-Hubert E, Hitomi M, Rich JN, Gerson SL, Lathia JD, Liu H. New Advances and Challenges of Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5222-5227. [PMID: 28928129 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The second International Cancer Stem Cell Conference in Cleveland, Ohio, on September 20-23, 2016, convened 330 attendees from academic, industrial, and clinical organizations. It featured a debate on the concepts and challenges of the cancer stem cells (CSC) as well as CSC-centered scientific sessions on clinical trials, genetics and epigenetics, tumor microenvironment, immune suppression, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and emerging novel concepts. The conference hosted 35 renowned speakers, 100 posters, 20 short talks, and a preconference workshop. The reported advances of CSC research and therapies fostered new collaborations across national and international borders, and inspired the next generation's young scientists. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5222-7. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmaa K Dashzeveg
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rokana Taftaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erika K Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Luke Torre-Healy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anastasia Chumakova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tyler J Alban
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maksim Sinyuk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Praveena S Thiagarajan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Awad M Jarrar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Soumya M Turaga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Caner Saygin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Erin Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Masahiro Hitomi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,The National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,The National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,The University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,The National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. .,The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,The National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Medicine (Hematology and Oncology Division) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Deparmtent of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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27
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Liu W, Yin B, Wang X, Yu P, Duan X, Liu C, Wang B, Tao Z. Circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer: Precision diagnosis and therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1223-1232. [PMID: 28789337 PMCID: PMC5529747 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of tumor-associated mortality in prostate cancer (PCa) remains distant metastasis. The dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites through the bloodstream cannot be detected early by standard imaging methods. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent an effective prognostic and predictive biomarker, which are able to monitor efficacy of adjuvant therapies, detect early development of metastases, and finally, assess therapeutic responses of advanced disease earlier than traditional diagnostic methods. In addition, since repeated tissue biopsies are invasive, costly and not always feasible, the assessment of tumor characteristics on CTCs, by a peripheral blood sample as a liquid biopsy, represents an attractive opportunity. The implementation of molecular and genomic characterization of CTCs may contribute to improve the treatment selection and thus, to move toward more precise diagnosis and therapy in PCa. The present study summarizes the current advances in CTC enrichment and detection strategies and reviews how CTCs may contribute to significant insights in the metastatic process, as well as how they may be utilized in clinical application in PCa. Although it is proposed that CTCs may offer insights into the prognosis and management of PCa, there are a number of challenges in the study of circulating tumor cells, and their clinical utility remains under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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28
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Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Markers Drive Progression, Therapeutic Resistance, and Bone Metastasis. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8629234. [PMID: 28690641 PMCID: PMC5485361 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8629234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic or recurrent tumors are the primary cause of cancer-related death. For prostate cancer, patients diagnosed with local disease have a 99% 5-year survival rate; however, this 5-year survival rate drops to 28% in patients with metastatic disease. This dramatic decline in survival has driven interest in discovering new markers able to identify tumors likely to recur and in developing new methods to prevent metastases from occurring. Biomarker discovery for aggressive tumor cells includes attempts to identify cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are defined as tumor cells capable of self-renewal and regenerating the entire tumor heterogeneity. Thus, it is hypothesized that CSCs may drive primary tumor aggressiveness, metastatic colonization, and therapeutic relapse. The ability to identify these cells in the primary tumor or circulation would provide prognostic information capable of driving prostate cancer treatment decisions. Further, the ability to target these CSCs could prevent tumor metastasis and relapse after therapy allowing for prostate cancer to finally be cured. Here, we will review potential CSC markers and highlight evidence that describes how cells expressing each marker may drive prostate cancer progression, metastatic colonization and growth, tumor recurrence, and resistance to treatment.
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29
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Foroozan M, Roudi R, Abolhasani M, Gheytanchi E, Mehrazma M. Clinical significance of endothelial cell marker CD34 and mast cell marker CD117 in prostate adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:612-618. [PMID: 28552539 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer-related deaths in men and this is attributed to its aggressiveness and metastatic identity. Our objective was to evaluate the expression patterns of endothelial cell marker CD34 and mast cell marker CD117 in prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) compared to benign prostate tissue and their relation to the clinicopathological features. A total of 90 prostate samples, including 45 PCa and 45 benign prostate tissues were immunohistochemically examined for the detection of CD34 and CD117 markers. The expression of these markers was also correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Significant overexpression of CD34 was found in PCa group compared to benign prostate tissues (P≤0.001). The expression of CD34 and CD117 in PCa with advanced Gleason score was more than PCa with early Gleason score (P=0.02 and P=0.005, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between CD34 expression and the level of total serum prostate specific antigen (sPSA) (P=0.006). In addition, CD34High/CD117High phenotype was frequently observed in PCa cases compared to benign prostate tissues (P≤0.001). There was a positive significant association between CD34High/CD117High phenotype with advanced Gleason score (P≤0.001) and total sPSA level (P=0.02). Our findings showed that increased expression of CD34 and CD117 markers confer tumor progression and aggressiveness on PCa. These molecules may be good candidates for targeted therapy of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Foroozan
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mitra Mehrazma
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Khomyakova E, Sharova E, Bagrov D, Kostryukova E, Peshkov M, Generozov E, Govorun V. CD81 and CD117 Surface Markers Profiling of Prostate Cancer Urinary Exosomes Using CD9 Magnetic Beads. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Current Stem Cell Biomarkers and Their Functional Mechanisms in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071163. [PMID: 27447616 PMCID: PMC4964535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there is little effective treatment available for castration resistant prostate cancer, which is responsible for the majority of prostate cancer related deaths. Emerging evidence suggested that cancer stem cells might play an important role in resistance to traditional cancer therapies, and the studies of cancer stem cells (including specific isolation and targeting on those cells) might benefit the discovery of novel treatment of prostate cancer, especially castration resistant disease. In this review, we summarized major biomarkers for prostate cancer stem cells, as well as their functional mechanisms and potential application in clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.
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32
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Sun H, Zhang L, Shi C, Hu P, Yan W, Wang Z, Duan Q, Lu F, Qin L, Lu T, Xiao J, Wang Y, Zhu F, Shao C. TOPK is highly expressed in circulating tumor cells, enabling metastasis of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12392-404. [PMID: 25881543 PMCID: PMC4494946 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important for metastasis in prostate cancer. T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is highly expressed in cancer cells. Herein, we established a xenograft animal model, isolated and cultured the CTCs, and found CTCs have significantly greater migratory capacity than parental cells. TOPK is more highly expressed in the CTCs than in parental cells and is also highly expressed in the metastatic nodules caused by CTCs in mice. Knocking down TOPK decreased the migration of CTCs both in vitro and in vivo. TOPK was modulated by the PI3K/PTEN and ERK pathways during the metastasis of prostate cancer. High levels of TOPK in the tumors of patients were correlated with advanced stages of prostate cancer, especially for high-risk patients of Gleason score≥8, PSA>20ng/ml. In summary, TOPK was speculated to be one of a potential marker and therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Changhong Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peizhen Hu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Lipeng Qin
- PLA Lhasa General Hospital, Lhasa, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
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33
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Abd El-Rehim DM, Gayyed MF. Does Immunohistochemistry for Discovered on GIST1 and Minichromosome Maintenance Protein7 Provide Additional Clinicopathological Value in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors? World J Oncol 2015; 6:355-363. [PMID: 28983330 PMCID: PMC5624661 DOI: 10.14740/wjon918w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of discovered on GIST 1 (DOG1) and minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) in addition to the traditional markers, C-KIT and Ki-67, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to specify the diagnosis and to evaluate their clinicopathological significance in GIST patients. METHODS Hematoxylin and eosin sections of 43 GISTs were re-examined to review histopathological criteria and risk stratification of these tumors. Immunohistochemistry for DOG1, C-KIT, MCM7, Ki-67 antibodies was performed. RESULTS Positive DOG1 and C-KIT expressions were found in 42 (97.7%) and 39 (90.7%) of cases, respectively. DOG1 and C-KIT expression scores were significantly correlated (P < 0.001). Among four C-KIT-negative GISTs, three cases were DOG1-positive. DOG1 was more sensitive and specific than C-KIT in the diagnosis of GISTs. High DOG1 expression scores were significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.023) and risk (P = 0.037). Significant positive correlation was noted between MCM7 and Ki-67 labeling indices (LIs) (P < 0.001, r = 0.885). MCM7 demonstrated higher proliferation LIs than Ki-67. Significant associations were found between MCM7 and Ki-67 LIs and tumor size (P = 0.001 and 0.003 respectively), mitotic rate (P < 0.001 both) and risk stratification (P < 0.001 both) with a stepwise increase in MCM7 LIs with increasing tumor risk. CONCLUSION DOG1 is an important diagnostic tool for GISTs particularly in C-KIT-negative tumors. It may have a role in GISTs tumorogenesis and progression. Despite the established clinicopathological value of Ki-67 in GISTs, detection of MCM7 expression is recommended as a prognostic adjunct, given its better sensitivity for cellular proliferation and stepwise association with tumor risk.
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