1
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Masci D, Puxeddu M, Silvestri R, La Regina G. Metabolic Rewiring in Cancer: Small Molecule Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:2110. [PMID: 38731601 PMCID: PMC11085455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cellular metabolism, such as dysregulation in glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and glutaminolysis in response to hypoxic and low-nutrient conditions within the tumor microenvironment, are well-recognized hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, understanding the interplay between aerobic glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and glutaminolysis is crucial for developing effective metabolism-based therapies for cancer, particularly in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this regard, the present review explores the complex field of metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis and progression, providing insights into the current landscape of small molecule inhibitors targeting tumorigenic metabolic pathways and their implications for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Puxeddu
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.S.)
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2
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Rauf A, Joshi PB, Olatunde A, Hafeez N, Ahmad Z, Hemeg HA, Aljohani ASM, Al Abdulmonem W, Thiruvengadam M, Viswanathan D, Rajakumar G, Thiruvengadam R. Comprehensive review of the repositioning of non-oncologic drugs for cancer immunotherapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:122. [PMID: 38652344 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Drug repositioning or repurposing has gained worldwide attention as a plausible way to search for novel molecules for the treatment of particular diseases or disorders. Drug repurposing essentially refers to uncovering approved or failed compounds for use in various diseases. Cancer is a deadly disease and leading cause of mortality. The search for approved non-oncologic drugs for cancer treatment involved in silico modeling, databases, and literature searches. In this review, we provide a concise account of the existing non-oncologic drug molecules and their therapeutic potential in chemotherapy. The mechanisms and modes of action of the repurposed drugs using computational techniques are also highlighted. Furthermore, we discuss potential targets, critical pathways, and highlight in detail the different challenges pertaining to drug repositioning for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Payal B Joshi
- Operations and Method Development, Shefali Research Laboratories, Ambernath, Maharashtra, 421501, India
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Nabia Hafeez
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Medinah, Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Medical Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 52571, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhivya Viswanathan
- Center for NanoBioscience, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Center for NanoBioscience, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
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3
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Dharshini LCP, Mandal AKA. Regulation of gene expression by modulating microRNAs through Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:230. [PMID: 38281210 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is an intricate ailment that has a higher death rate globally and is characterized by aberrant cell proliferation and metastasis in nature. Since the beginning of healthcare, natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been utilized to support human health. Green tea contains an essential catechin called epigallocatechin gallate, which has anti-proliferative, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. The anticancer properties of EGCG have been extensively studied using pre-clinical cell culture and animal model systems. Dysregulated miRNA may be a biomarker since it influences the different characteristics of cancer like upholding proliferative signaling, cell death, invasiveness, metastasis, and angiogenesis. EGCG either elevates or lowers the expression of dysregulated miRNAs in cancer. Nonetheless, due to its anticancer properties, greater attention has been paid towards the development of efficient strategies for utilizing EGCG in cancer chemotherapy. This review summarizes the modifying effect of EGCG on miRNAs in cancer after briefly discussing the anticancer mechanisms of EGCG and the function of miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Ajmeera D, Ajumeera R. Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance. Genes Dis 2024; 11:148-175. [PMID: 37588226 PMCID: PMC10425757 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an effortless and frequently used approach in cancer therapy. However, in most cases, it can only prolong life expectancy and does not guarantee a complete cure. Furthermore, chemotherapy is associated with severe adverse effects, one of the major complications of effective cancer therapy. In addition, newly published research outputs show that cancer stem cells are involved in cancer disease progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence and that they are functional in the trans-differentiation capacity of cancer stem cells to cancer cells in response to treatments. Novel strategies are therefore required for better management of cancer therapy. The prime approach would be to synthesize and develop novel drugs that need extensive resources, time, and endurance to be brought into therapeutic use. The subsequent approach would be to screen the anti-cancer activity of available non-cancerous drugs. This concept of repurposing non-cancer drugs as an alternative to current cancer therapy has become popular in recent years because using existing anticancer drugs has several adverse effects. Micronutrients have also been investigated for cancer therapy due to their significant anti-cancer effects with negligible or no side effects and availability in food sources. In this paper, we discuss an ideal hypothesis for screening available non-cancerous drugs with anticancer activity, with a focus on cancer stem cells and their clinical application for cancer treatment. Further, drug repurposing and the combination of micronutrients that can target both cancers and cancer stem cells may result in a better therapeutic approach leading to maximum tumor growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ajmeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Rajanna Ajumeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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5
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Zhao H, Han R, Wang Z, Xian J, Bai X. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Targeted Agents. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2763. [PMID: 38140103 PMCID: PMC10748092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, cancer stem cells have become a hot topic in cancer therapy research. These cells possess stem cell-like self-renewal and differentiation capacities and are important factors that dominate cancer metastasis, therapy-resistance and recurrence. Worse, their inherent characteristics make them difficult to eliminate. Colorectal cancer is the third-most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Targeting colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs) can inhibit colorectal cancer metastasis, enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce recurrence. Here, we introduced the origin, biomarker proteins, identification, cultivation and research techniques of CR-CSCs, and we summarized the signaling pathways that regulate the stemness of CR-CSCs, such as Wnt, JAK/STAT3, Notch and Hh signaling pathway. In addition to these, we also reviewed recent anti-CR-CSC drugs targeting signaling pathways, biomarkers and other regulators. These will help researchers gain insight into the current agents targeting to CR-CSCs, explore new cancer drugs and propose potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Zhao
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (J.X.)
- Endocrinology Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Ruining Han
- Obstetric Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China;
| | - Zhankun Wang
- Emergency Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China;
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaosu Bai
- Endocrinology Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China
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6
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Proença C, Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Rufino AT, Fernandes E, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP. The role of flavonoids in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: A review on targeting signaling pathways and metastasis. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1878-1945. [PMID: 37147865 DOI: 10.1002/med.21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is metastasis, a process that entails the spread of cancer cells to distant regions in the body, culminating in tumor formation in secondary organs. Importantly, the proinflammatory environment surrounding cancer cells further contributes to cancer cell transformation and extracellular matrix destruction. During metastasis, front-rear polarity and emergence of migratory and invasive features are manifestations of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A variety of transcription factors (TFs) are implicated in the execution of EMT, the most prominent belonging to the Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor (SNAI) and Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox (ZEB) families of TFs. These TFs are regulated by interaction with specific microRNAs (miRNAs), as miR34 and miR200. Among the several secondary metabolites produced in plants, flavonoids constitute a major group of bioactive molecules, with several described effects including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiobesogenic, and anticancer effects. This review scrutinizes the modulatory role of flavonoids on the activity of SNAI/ZEB TFs and on their regulatory miRNAs, miR-34, and miR-200. The modulatory role of flavonoids can attenuate mesenchymal features and stimulate epithelial features, thereby inhibiting and reversing EMT. Moreover, this modulation is concomitant with the attenuation of signaling pathways involved in diverse processes as cell proliferation, cell growth, cell cycle progression, apoptosis inhibition, morphogenesis, cell fate, cell migration, cell polarity, and wound healing. The antimetastatic potential of these versatile compounds is emerging and represents an opportunity for the synthesis of more specific and potent agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Wang C, Bai M, Sun Z, Yao N, Zhang A, Guo S, Asemi Z. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and cancer: focus on the role of microRNAs. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:241. [PMID: 37838685 PMCID: PMC10576883 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that affect gene expression. The role of miRNAs in different types of cancers has been published and it was shown that several miRNAs are inappropriately expressed in different cancers. Among the mechanisms that can cause this lack of proper expression are epigenetics, chromosomal changes, polymorphisms or defects in processing proteins. Recent research shows that phytochemicals, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), exert important epigenetic-based anticancer effects such as pro-apoptotic or anti proliferative through miRNA gene silencing. Given that EGCG is able to modulate a variety of cancer-related process i.e., angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis via targeting various miRNAs such as let-7, miR-16, and miR-210. The discovery of new miRNAs and the differences observed in their expression when exposed to EGCG provides evidence that targeting these miRNAs may be beneficial as a form of treatment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview, based on current knowledge, on how phytochemicals, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate, can be considered as potential miRNAs modulator to improve efficacy of current cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Meiling Bai
- Basic Medical College of Hebei North University, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Aiting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Shengyu Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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8
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Şahin TÖ, Yılmaz B, Yeşilyurt N, Cicia D, Szymanowska A, Amero P, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Recent insights into the nutritional immunomodulation of cancer-related microRNAs. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4375-4397. [PMID: 37434291 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide, following cardiovascular diseases. Cancer is a multifactorial disease and many reasons such as physical, chemical, biological, and lifestyle-related factors. Nutrition, which is one of the various factors that play a role in the prevention, development, and treatment of many types of cancer, affects the immune system, which is characterized by disproportionate pro-inflammatory signaling in cancer. Studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of this effect have shown that foods rich in bioactive compounds, such as green tea, olive oil, turmeric, and soybean play a significant role in positively changing the expression of miRNAs involved in the regulation of genes associated with oncogenic/tumor-suppressing pathways. In addition to these foods, some diet models may change the expression of specific cancer-related miRNAs in different ways. While Mediterranean diet has been associated with anticancer effects, a high-fat diet, and a methyl-restricted diet are considered to have negative effects. This review aims to discuss the effects of specific foods called "immune foods," diet models, and bioactive components on cancer by changing the expression of miRNAs in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Donatella Cicia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Roshani M, Molavizadeh D, Sadeghi S, Jafari A, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Ahmadi Asouri S, Rajabi A, Hamblin MR, Anoushirvani AA, Mirzaei H. Emerging roles of miR-145 in gastrointestinal cancers: A new paradigm. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115264. [PMID: 37619484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas are a group of cancers affecting the GI tract and digestive organs, such as the gastric, liver, bile ducts, pancreas, small intestine, esophagus, colon, and rectum. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are involved in regulating the expression of multiple target genes; mainly at the post-transcriptional level, via complementary binding to their 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs have critical roles in modulating of various physiological and pathological cellular processes and regulating the occurrence and development of human malignancies. Among them, miR-145 is recognized for its anti-oncogenic properties in various cancers, including GI cancers. MiR-145 has been implicated in diverse biological processes of cancers through the regulation of target genes or signaling, including, proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review, we have summarized the role of miR-145 in selected GI cancers and also its downstream molecules and cellular processes targets, which could lead to a better understanding of the miR-145 in these cancers. In conclusion, we reveal the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of miR-145 in GI cancer, and hope to provide new ideas for its application as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Molavizadeh
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for BasicSciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Andrade KHS, Coelho JAS, Frade R, Madureira AM, Nunes JPM, Caddick S, Gomes RFA, Afonso CAM. Functionalized Cyclopentenones with Low Electrophilic Character as Anticancer Agents. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300104. [PMID: 37062707 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study were synthesized non-Michael acceptor cyclopentenones (CP) from biomass derivative furfural as anticancer agents. Cyclic enones, both from natural sources and synthetic analogues, have been described as cytotoxic agents. Most of these agents were unsuccessful in becoming valuable therapeutic agents due to toxicity problems derived from unselective critical biomacromolecule alkylation. This may be caused by Michael addition to the enone system. Ab initio studies revealed that 2,4-substituted CPs are less prone to Michael additions, and as such were tested three families of those derivatives. We prepare the new CPs from furfural through a tandem furan ring opening/Nazarov electrocyclization and further functionalization. Experimentally the 2,4-substituted CPs exhibited no reactivity towards sulphur nucleophiles, while maintaining cytotoxicity against HT-29, MCF-7, NCI-H460, HCT-116 and MDA-MB 231 cells lines. Moreover, the selected CP are non-toxic against healthy HEK 293T cell lines and present proper calculated drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Késsia H S Andrade
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jaime A S Coelho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Frade
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Madureira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João P M Nunes
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Rafael F A Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- CBIOS-Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, 1749-024, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A M Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Cianciosi D, Armas Diaz Y, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Chen X, Zhang D, Martínez López NM, Briones Urbano M, Quiles JL, Amici A, Battino M, Giampieri F. Can the phenolic compounds of Manuka honey chemosensitize colon cancer stem cells? A deep insight into the effect on chemoresistance and self-renewal. Food Chem 2023; 427:136684. [PMID: 37418807 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Manuka honey, which is rich in pinocembrin, quercetin, naringenin, salicylic, p-coumaric, ferulic, syringic and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids, has been shown to have pleiotropic effects against colon cancer cells. In this study, potential chemosensitizing effects of Manuka honey against 5-Fluorouracil were investigated in colonspheres enriched with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for chemoresistance. Results showed that 5-Fluorouracil increased when it was combined with Manuka honey by downregulating the gene expression of both ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2, an efflux pump and thymidylate synthase, the main target of 5-Fluorouracil which regulates the ex novo DNA synthesis. Manuka honey was associated with decreased self-renewal ability by CSCs, regulating expression of several genes in Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog and Notch pathways. This preliminary study opens new areas of research into the effects of natural compounds in combination with pharmaceuticals and, potentially, increase efficacy or reduce adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Cianciosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy
| | - Yasmany Armas Diaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy
| | - José M Alvarez-Suarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos. Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Xiumin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nohora Milena Martínez López
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico; Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00613, USA
| | - Mercedes Briones Urbano
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico; Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00613, USA
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, Santander 39011, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Adolfo Amici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, Santander 39011, Spain.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, Santander 39011, Spain.
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12
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Farhan M. Insights on the Role of Polyphenols in Combating Cancer Drug Resistance. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1709. [PMID: 37371804 PMCID: PMC10296548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is still a serious problem in the treatment of most cancers. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to both inherent and acquired drug resistance. They include the use of unaffected growth-signaling pathways, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and the active transport of medicines out of the cell. The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols and their potential to inhibit the activation of procarcinogens, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as to promote the inhibition or downregulation of active drug efflux transporters, have been linked to a reduced risk of cancer in epidemiological studies. Polyphenols also have the ability to alter immunological responses and inflammatory cascades, as well as trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. The discovery of the relationship between abnormal growth signaling and metabolic dysfunction in cancer cells highlights the importance of further investigating the effects of dietary polyphenols, including their ability to boost the efficacy of chemotherapy and avoid multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, it is summarized what is known regarding the effectiveness of natural polyphenolic compounds in counteracting the resistance that might develop to cancer drugs as a result of a variety of different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Wang L, Li P, Feng K. EGCG adjuvant chemotherapy: Current status and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115197. [PMID: 36780831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs greatly reduces the therapeutic effect in cancer patients, and the toxic side effects caused by chemotherapy also seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The combination of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main active ingredient in tea, with cisplatin, 5-FU, doxorubicin and paclitaxel enhances their sensitizing effect on tumors and combats the drug resistance of cancer cells. These effects seem to be mediated by a variety of mechanisms, including combating drug resistance mediated by cancer stem cells, enhancing drug sensitivity, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and blocking angiogenesis. In addition, EGCG can suppress a series of adverse effects caused by chemotherapy, such as gastrointestinal disorders, nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and improve the quality of life of patients. However, the low bioavailability and off-target effects of EGCG and its reactivity with some chemotherapeutic agents limit its clinical application. The nanomodification of EGCG and chemotherapeutic drugs not only enhances the antitumor activity but also prolongs the survival time of tumor-bearing mice, and has the advantage of low toxicity. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the current status and challenges regarding the use of EGCG in combination with chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of cancer. In general, EGCG is a promising adjuvant for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, Guangdong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Costa AR, Duarte AC, Costa-Brito AR, Gonçalves I, Santos CRA. Bitter taste signaling in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 315:121363. [PMID: 36610638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacoresistance of cancer cells to many drugs used in chemotherapy remains a major challenge for the treatment of cancer. Multidrug resistance transporters, especially ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, are a major cause of cancer drug resistance since they translocate a broad range of drug compounds across the cell membrane, extruding them out of the cells. The regulation of ABC transporters by bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), which might be activated by specific bitter tasting compounds, was described in several types of cells/organs, becoming a potential target for cancer therapy. TAS2Rs expression has been reported in many organs and several types of cancer, like breast, ovarian, prostate, and colorectal cancers, where their activation was shown to be involved in various biological actions (cell survival, apoptosis, molecular transport, among others). Moreover, many TAS2Rs' ligands, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, with well-recognized beneficial properties, including several anticancer effects, have been reported as potential adjuvants in cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of TAS2Rs and bitter tasting compounds in different types of cancer as a possible way to circumvent chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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15
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De S, Paul S, Manna A, Majumder C, Pal K, Casarcia N, Mondal A, Banerjee S, Nelson VK, Ghosh S, Hazra J, Bhattacharjee A, Mandal SC, Pal M, Bishayee A. Phenolic Phytochemicals for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of In Vivo Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030993. [PMID: 36765950 PMCID: PMC9913554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed and second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Limitations with existing treatment regimens have demanded the search for better treatment options. Different phytochemicals with promising anti-CRC activities have been reported, with the molecular mechanism of actions still emerging. This review aims to summarize recent progress on the study of natural phenolic compounds in ameliorating CRC using in vivo models. This review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reporting and Meta-Analysis. Information on the relevant topic was gathered by searching the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases using keywords, such as "colorectal cancer" AND "phenolic compounds", "colorectal cancer" AND "polyphenol", "colorectal cancer" AND "phenolic acids", "colorectal cancer" AND "flavonoids", "colorectal cancer" AND "stilbene", and "colorectal cancer" AND "lignan" from the reputed peer-reviewed journals published over the last 20 years. Publications that incorporated in vivo experimental designs and produced statistically significant results were considered for this review. Many of these polyphenols demonstrate anti-CRC activities by inhibiting key cellular factors. This inhibition has been demonstrated by antiapoptotic effects, antiproliferative effects, or by upregulating factors responsible for cell cycle arrest or cell death in various in vivo CRC models. Numerous studies from independent laboratories have highlighted different plant phenolic compounds for their anti-CRC activities. While promising anti-CRC activity in many of these agents has created interest in this area, in-depth mechanistic and well-designed clinical studies are needed to support the therapeutic use of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhita De
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Sourav Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Anirban Manna
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | | | - Koustav Pal
- Jawaharlal Institute Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - Nicolette Casarcia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur 515 721, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | | | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
- Correspondence: or (M.P.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.P.); or (A.B.)
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16
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Liao W, Zhang L, Chen X, Xiang J, Zheng Q, Chen N, Zhao M, Zhang G, Xiao X, Zhou G, Zeng J, Tang J. Targeting cancer stem cells and signalling pathways through phytochemicals: A promising approach against colorectal cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154524. [PMID: 36375238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are strongly associated with high tumourigenicity, chemotherapy or radiotherapy resistance, and metastasis and recurrence, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, targeting CSCs may be a promising approach. Recently, discovery and research on phytochemicals that effectively target colorectal CSCs have been gaining popularity because of their broad safety profile and multi-target and multi-pathway modes of action. PURPOSE This review aimed to elucidate and summarise the effects and mechanisms of phytochemicals with potential anti-CSC agents that could contribute to the better management of CRC. METHODS We reviewed PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid, ScienceDirect and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from the original publication date to March 2022 to review the mechanisms by which phytochemicals inhibit CRC progression by targeting CSCs and their key signalling pathways. Phytochemicals were classified and summarised based on the mechanisms of action. RESULTS We observed that phytochemicals could affect the biological properties of colorectal CSCs. Phytochemicals significantly inhibit self-renewal, migration, invasion, colony formation, and chemoresistance and induce apoptosis and differentiation of CSCs by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (e.g., diallyl trisulfide and genistein), the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway (e.g., caffeic acid and piperlongumine), the neurogenic locus notch homolog protein pathway (e.g., honokiol, quercetin, and α-mangostin), the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway (e.g., curcumin, morin, and ursolic acid), and other key signalling pathways. It is worth noting that several phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, silibinin, evodiamine, and thymoquinone, highlight multi-target and multi-pathway effects in restraining the malignant biological behaviour of CSCs. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates the potential of targeted therapies for colorectal CSCs using phytochemicals. Phytochemicals could serve as novel therapeutic agents for CRC and aid in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Juyi Xiang
- Center for drug evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Center for drug evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100022, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
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17
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Zhang Y, Liu K, Yan C, Yin Y, He S, Qiu L, Li G. Natural Polyphenols for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248810. [PMID: 36557939 PMCID: PMC9787795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and serious gastrointestinal malignancy with high mortality and morbidity. Chemoprevention refers to a newly emerged strategy that uses drugs with chemopreventive properties to promote antioxidation, regulate cancer cell cycle, suppress proliferation, and induce cellular apoptosis, so as to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Natural polyphenols are currently recognized as a class of chemopreventive agents that have shown remarkable anticarcinogenic properties. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have elucidated the anti-CRC mechanisms of natural polyphenols, such as regulation of various molecular and signaling pathways. Natural polyphenols are also reportedly capable of modulating the gut microbiota and cancer stem cells (CSCs) to suppress tumor formation and progression. Combined use of different natural polyphenols is recommended due to their low bioavailability and instability, and combination treatment can exert synergistical effects, reduce side effects, and avoid drug resistance in CRC treatment. In summary, the application of polyphenols in the chemoprevention and treatment of CRC is promising. Further clinical evaluation of their effectiveness is warranted and anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Kunjian Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Chengqiu Yan
- Anorectal Department, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu Yin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shuangyan He
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Li Qiu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Anorectal Department, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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miR-145-5p Targets Sp1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Links to BMI1 Induced Pemetrexed Resistance and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315352. [PMID: 36499676 PMCID: PMC9741456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed is a folic acid inhibitor used as a second-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of lung cancers. However, prolonged treatment with pemetrexed may cause cancer cells to develop resistance. In this study, we found increased expressions of BMI1 (B Lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog) and Sp1 and a decreased expression of miR-145-5p was found in pemetrexed-resistant A400 cells than in A549 cells. Direct Sp1 targeting activity of miR-145-5p was demonstrated by a luciferase based Sp1 3'-UTR reporter. Changed expression of miR-145-5p in A400 or A549 cells by transfection of miR-145-5p mimic or inhibitor affected the sensitivity of the cells to pemetrexed. On the other hand, the overexpression of Sp1 in A549 cells caused the decreased sensitivity to pemetrexed, induced cell migratory capability, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related transcription factors such as Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1 and Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1. In addition, the overexpression of BMI1 in the A549 cells resulted in an increase in Sp1 and a decrease in miR-145-5p accompanied by the elevations of cell proliferation and EMT transcription factors, which could be reduced by the overexpression of miR-145-5p or by treatment with the Sp1 inhibitor of mithramycin A. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the downregulation of miR-145-5p by BMI1 overexpression could lead to the enhanced expression of Sp1 to induce the EMT process in pemetrexed-resistant NSCLC cells. These results suggest that increasing miR-145-5p expression by delivering RNA drugs may serve as a sensitizing agent for pemetrexed-resistant NSCLC patients.
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19
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Tuli HS, Garg VK, Bhushan S, Uttam V, Sharma U, Jain A, Sak K, Yadav V, Lorenzo JM, Dhama K, Behl T, Sethi G. Natural flavonoids exhibit potent anticancer activity by targeting microRNAs in cancer: A signature step hinting towards clinical perfection. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101596. [PMID: 36473401 PMCID: PMC9727168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer prevalence and its rate of incidence are constantly rising since the past few decades. Owing to the toxicity of present-day antineoplastic drugs, it is imperative to explore safer and more effective molecules to combat and/or prevent this dreaded disease. Flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, have exhibited multifaceted implications against several diseases including cancer, without showing significant toxicity towards the normal cells. Shredded pieces of evidence suggest that flavonoids can enhance drug sensitivity and suppress proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of cancer cells by modulating several oncogenic or oncosuppressor microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). They play pivotal roles in regulation of various biological and pathological processes, including various cancers. In the present review, the structure, chemistry and miR targeting efficacy of quercetin, luteolin, silibinin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, and cyanidin against several cancer types are comprehensively discussed. miRs are considered as next-generation medicine of recent times, and their targeting by naturally occurring flavonoids in cancer cells could be deemed as a signature step. We anticipate that our compilations related to miRNA-mediated regulation of cancer cells by flavonoids might catapult the clinical investigations and affirmation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Sakshi Bhushan
- Department of Botany, Central University Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181143, India
| | - Vivek Uttam
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, Punjab 151401, India
| | | | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense 32900, Spain,Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences & Technology (SoHST), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India,Corresponding authors.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore,Corresponding authors.
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20
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Gor R, Ramachandran I, Ramalingam S. Targeting the Cancer Stem Cells in Endocrine Cancers with Phytochemicals. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2589-2597. [PMID: 36380414 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221114112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells in the hormone-producing glands. Endocrine cancers include the adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary, and ovary malignancy. Recently, there is an increase in the incidence of the most common endocrine cancer types, namely pancreatic and thyroid cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of endocrine tumors have received more attention due to their role in cancer progression, therapeutic resistance, and cancer relapse. Phytochemicals provide several health benefits and are effective in the treatment of various diseases including cancer. Therefore, finding the natural phytochemicals that target the CSCs will help to improve cancer patients' prognosis and life expectancy. Phytochemicals have been shown to have anticancer properties and are very effective in treating various cancer types. Curcumin is a common polyphenol found in turmeric, which has been shown to promote cellular drug accumulation and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Moreover, various other phytochemicals such as resveratrol, genistein, and apigenin are effective against different endocrine cancers by regulating the CSCs. Thus, phytochemicals have emerged as chemotherapeutics that may have significance in preventing and treating the endocrine cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gor
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ilangovan Ramachandran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Hayakawa S, Ohishi T, Oishi Y, Isemura M, Miyoshi N. Contribution of Non-Coding RNAs to Anticancer Effects of Dietary Polyphenols: Chlorogenic Acid, Curcumin, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Genistein, Quercetin and Resveratrol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122352. [PMID: 36552560 PMCID: PMC9774417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has been accumulated to show the anticancer effects of daily consumption of polyphenols. These dietary polyphenols include chlorogenic acid, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, genistein, quercetin, and resveratrol. These polyphenols have similar chemical and biological properties in that they can act as antioxidants and exert the anticancer effects via cell signaling pathways involving their reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity. These polyphenols may also act as pro-oxidants under certain conditions, especially at high concentrations. Epigenetic modifications, including dysregulation of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs are now known to be involved in the anticancer effects of polyphenols. These polyphenols can modulate the expression/activity of the component molecules in ROS-scavenger-triggered anticancer pathways (RSTAPs) by increasing the expression of tumor-suppressive ncRNAs and decreasing the expression of oncogenic ncRNAs in general. Multiple ncRNAs are similarly modulated by multiple polyphenols. Many of the targets of ncRNAs affected by these polyphenols are components of RSTAPs. Therefore, ncRNA modulation may enhance the anticancer effects of polyphenols via RSTAPs in an additive or synergistic manner, although other mechanisms may be operating as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (N.M.); Tel.: +81-3-3822-2131 (S.H.); +81-54-264-5531 (N.M.)
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Mamoru Isemura
- Tea Science Center, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (N.M.); Tel.: +81-3-3822-2131 (S.H.); +81-54-264-5531 (N.M.)
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22
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Destroying the Shield of Cancer Stem Cells: Natural Compounds as Promising Players in Cancer Therapy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236996. [PMID: 36498571 PMCID: PMC9737492 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a scenario where eco-sustainability and a reduction in chemotherapeutic drug waste are certainly a prerogative to safeguard the biosphere, the use of natural products (NPs) represents an alternative therapeutic approach to counteract cancer diseases. The presence of a heterogeneous cancer stem cell (CSC) population within a tumor bulk is related to disease recurrence and therapy resistance. For this reason, CSC targeting presents a promising strategy for hampering cancer recurrence. Increasing evidence shows that NPs can inhibit crucial signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of CSC stemness and sensitize CSCs to standard chemotherapeutic treatments. Moreover, their limited toxicity and low costs for large-scale production could accelerate the use of NPs in clinical settings. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant studies regarding the effects of NPs derived from major natural sources, e.g., food, botanical, and marine species, on CSCs, elucidating their use in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Okem A, Henstra C, Lambert M, Hayeshi R. A review of the pharmacodynamic effect of chemo-herbal drug combinations therapy for cancer treatment. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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24
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Farhan M. Green Tea Catechins: Nature’s Way of Preventing and Treating Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810713. [PMID: 36142616 PMCID: PMC9501439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea’s (Camellia sinensis) anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects are well-known. Catechins are the most effective antioxidants among the physiologically active compounds found in Camellia sinesis. Recent research demonstrates that the number of hydroxyl groups and the presence of specific structural groups have a substantial impact on the antioxidant activity of catechins. Unfermented green tea is the finest source of these chemicals. Catechins have the ability to effectively neutralize reactive oxygen species. The catechin derivatives of green tea include epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG has the greatest anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. Notably, catechins in green tea have been explored for their ability to prevent a variety of cancers. Literature evidence, based on epidemiological and laboratory studies, indicates that green tea catechins have certain properties that can serve as the basis for their consideration as lead molecules in the synthesis of novel anticancer drugs and for further exploration of their role as pharmacologically active natural adjuvants to standard chemotherapeutics. The various sections of the article will focus on how catechins affect the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumors by modulating cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Nisar S, Masoodi T, Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Zarif L, Khatoon S, Ali S, Uddin S, Akil AAS, Singh M, Macha MA, Bhat AA. Natural products as chemo-radiation therapy sensitizers in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113610. [PMID: 36030591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy (CT), and/or radiation therapy (RT) are the treatment of choice for most advanced tumors. Unfortunately, treatment failure due to intrinsic and acquired resistance to the current CT and RT is a significant challenge associated with poor patient prognosis. There is an urgent need to develop and identify agents that can sensitize tumor cells to chemo-radiation therapy (CRT) with minimal cytotoxicity to the healthy tissues. While many recent studies have identified the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for CRT failure, using small molecule inhibitors to chemo/radio sensitize tumors is associated with high toxicity and increased morbidity. Natural products have long been used as chemopreventive agents in many cancers. Combining many of these compounds with the standard chemotherapeutic agents or with RT has shown synergistic effects on cancer cell death and overall improvement in patient survival. Based on the available data, there is strong evidence that natural products have a robust therapeutic potential along with CRT and their well-known chemopreventive effects in many solid tumors. This review article reports updated literature on different natural products used as CT or RT sensitizers in many solid tumors. This is the first review discussing CT and RT sensitizers together in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Depertment of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer immunology and genetics, Sidra Medicine, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Lubna Zarif
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Summaiya Khatoon
- Depertment of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahid Ali
- International Potato Center (CIP), Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Depertment of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Depertment of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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26
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Ghosh S, Singh R, Vanwinkle ZM, Guo H, Vemula PK, Goel A, Haribabu B, Jala VR. Microbial metabolite restricts 5-fluorouracil-resistant colonic tumor progression by sensitizing drug transporters via regulation of FOXO3-FOXM1 axis. Theranostics 2022; 12:5574-5595. [PMID: 35910798 PMCID: PMC9330515 DOI: 10.7150/thno.70754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival rate of colorectal cancer patients is adversely affected by the selection of tumors resistant to conventional anti-cancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Although there is mounting evidence that commensal gut microbiota is essential for effective colon cancer treatment, the detailed molecular mechanisms and the role of gut microbial metabolites remain elusive. The goal of this study is to decipher the impact and mechanisms of gut microbial metabolite, urolithin A (UroA) and its structural analogue, UAS03 on reversal of 5FU-resistant (5FUR) colon cancers. Methods: We have utilized the SW480 and HCT-116 parental (5FU-sensitive) and 5FUR colon cancer cells to examine the chemosensitization effects of UroA or UAS03 by using both in vitro and in vivo models. The effects of mono (UroA/UAS03/5FU) and combinatorial therapy (UroA/UAS03 + 5FU) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion, regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediators, expression and activities of drug transporters, and their regulatory transcription factors were examined using molecular, cellular, immunological and flowcytometric methods. Further, the anti-tumor effects of mono/combination therapy (UroA or UAS03 or 5FU or UroA/UAS03 + 5FU) were examined using pre-clinical models of 5FUR-tumor xenografts in NRGS mice and azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumors. Results: Our data showed that UroA or UAS03 in combination with 5FU significantly inhibited cell viability, proliferation, invasiveness as well as induced apoptosis of the 5FUR colon cancer cells compared to mono treatments. Mechanistically, UroA or UAS03 chemosensitized the 5FUR cancer cells by downregulating the expression and activities of drug transporters (MDR1, BCRP, MRP2 and MRP7) leading to a decrease in the efflux of 5FU. Further, our data suggested the UroA or UAS03 chemosensitized 5FUR cancer cells to 5FU treatment through regulating FOXO3-FOXM1 axis. Oral treatment with UroA or UAS03 in combination with low dose i.p. 5FU significantly reduced the growth of 5FUR-tumor xenografts in NRGS mice. Further, combination therapy significantly abrogated colonic tumors in AOM-DSS-induced colon tumors in mice. Conclusions: In summary, gut microbial metabolite UroA and its structural analogue UAS03 chemosensitized the 5FUR colon cancers for effective 5FU chemotherapy. This study provided the novel characteristics of gut microbial metabolites to have significant translational implications in drug-resistant cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zachary Matthew Vanwinkle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Haixun Guo
- Department of Radiology, Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK campus, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Venkatakrishna Rao Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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27
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Zhao L, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Sui M, Liu J, Li P, Liu N, Zhang K. Role of Ginseng, Quercetin, and Tea in Enhancing Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Colorectal Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:939424. [PMID: 35795631 PMCID: PMC9252166 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.939424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common gastrointestinal malignancy, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although multimodal chemotherapy has effectively improved the prognosis of patients with CRC in recent years, severe chemotherapy-associated side effects and chemoresistance still greatly impair efficacy and limit its clinical application. In response to these challenges, an increasing number of traditional Chinese medicines have been used as synergistic agents for CRC administration. In particular, ginseng, quercetin, and tea, three common dietary supplements, have been shown to possess the potent capacity of enhancing the sensitivity of various chemotherapy drugs and reducing their side effects. Ginseng, also named “the king of herbs”, contains a great variety of anti-cancer compounds, among which ginsenosides are the most abundant and major research objects of various anti-tumor studies. Quercetin is a flavonoid and has been detected in multiple common foods, which possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, especially with stronger anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. As one of the most consumed beverages, tea has become particularly prevalent in both West and East in recent years. Tea and its major extracts, such as catechins and various constituents, were capable of significantly improving life quality and exerting anti-cancer effects both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we mainly focused on the adjunctive effects of the three herbs and their constituents on the chemotherapy process of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Gastroenterology and Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongqing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxiu Sui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Research Center of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pingya Li
- Research Center of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Kai Zhang
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28
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Sritharan S, Guha S, Hazarika S, Sivalingam N. Meta analysis of bioactive compounds, miRNA, siRNA and cell death regulators as sensitizers to doxorubicin induced chemoresistance. Apoptosis 2022; 27:622-646. [PMID: 35716277 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has presented to be the most challenging disease, contributing to one in six mortalities worldwide. The current treatment regimen involves multiple rounds of chemotherapy administration, alone or in combination. The treatment has adverse effects including cardiomyopathy, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. In addition, the development of resistance to chemo has been attributed to cancer relapse and low patient overall survivability. Multiple drug resistance development may be through numerous factors such as up-regulation of drug transporters, drug inactivation, alteration of drug targets and drug degradation. Doxorubicin is a widely used first line chemotherapeutic drug for a myriad of cancers. It has multiple intracellular targets, DNA intercalation, adduct formation, topoisomerase inhibition, iron chelation, reactive oxygen species generation and promotes immune mediated clearance of the tumor. Agents that can sensitize the resistant cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic drug are currently the focus to improve the clinical efficiency of cancer therapy. This review summarizes the recent 10-year research on the use of natural phytochemicals, inhibitors of apoptosis and autophagy, miRNAs, siRNAs and nanoformulations being investigated for doxorubicin chemosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sritharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sampurna Guha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Snoopy Hazarika
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Nageswaran Sivalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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29
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Anti-Cancer Effects of Dietary Polyphenols via ROS-Mediated Pathway with Their Modulation of MicroRNAs. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123816. [PMID: 35744941 PMCID: PMC9227902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of coffee, tea, wine, curry, and soybeans has been linked to a lower risk of cancer in epidemiological studies. Several cell-based and animal studies have shown that dietary polyphenols like chlorogenic acid, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, genistein, quercetin and resveratrol play a major role in these anticancer effects. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the anticancer effects of polyphenols. Depending on the cellular microenvironment, these polyphenols can exert double-faced actions as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant, and one of the representative anticancer mechanisms is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism. These polyphenols can also influence microRNA (miR) expression. In general, they can modulate the expression/activity of the constituent molecules in ROS-mediated anticancer pathways by increasing the expression of tumor-suppressive miRs and decreasing the expression of oncogenic miRs. Thus, miR modulation may enhance the anticancer effects of polyphenols through the ROS-mediated pathways in an additive or synergistic manner. More precise human clinical studies on the effects of dietary polyphenols on miR expression will provide convincing evidence of the preventive roles of dietary polyphenols in cancer and other diseases.
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30
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Ng CX, Affendi MM, Chong PP, Lee SH. The Potential of Plant-Derived Extracts and Compounds to Augment Anticancer Effects of Chemotherapeutic Drugs. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3058-3076. [PMID: 35675271 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2069274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant extracts comprise a complex mixture of natural compounds with diverse biological activities including anticancer activities. This has made the use of plant extracts a trending strategy in cancer treatment. In addition, plants' active constituents such as polyphenols could confer protective effects on normal cells against damage by free radicals as well as lessen the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Recently, many emerging studies revealed the combinatory uses of plant extracts and individual therapeutic compounds that could be a promising panacea in hampering multiple signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Besides enhancing the therapeutic efficacy, this has also been proven to reduce the dosage of chemotherapeutic drugs used, and hence overcome multiple drug resistance and minimize treatment side effects. Notably, combined use of plant extracts with chemotherapeutics drugs was shown to enhance anticancer effects through modulating various signaling pathways, such as P13K/AKT, NF-κB, JNK, ERK, WNT/β-catenin, and many more. Hence, this review aims to comprehensively summarize both In Vitro and In Vivo mechanisms of actions of well-studied plant extracts, such as Ganoderma Lucidum, Korean red ginseng, Garcinia sp., curcumin, and luteolin extracts in augmenting anticancer properties of the conventional chemotherapeutic drugs from an extensive literature search of recent publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muzaira Mazrul Affendi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International Medical University, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sau Har Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
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31
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Modulation of Notch Signaling Pathway by Bioactive Dietary Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073532. [PMID: 35408894 PMCID: PMC8998406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is often aberrantly activated in solid and hematological cancers and regulates cell fate decisions and the maintenance of cancer stem cells. In addition, increased expression of Notch pathway components is clinically associated with poorer prognosis in several types of cancer. Targeting Notch may have chemopreventive and anti-cancer effects, leading to reduced disease incidence and improved survival. While therapeutic agents are currently in development to achieve this goal, several researchers have turned their attention to dietary and natural agents for targeting Notch signaling. Given their natural abundance from food sources, the use of diet-derived agents to target Notch signaling offers the potential advantage of low toxicity to normal tissue. In this review, we discuss several dietary agents including curcumin, EGCG, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates, which modulate Notch pathway components in a context-dependent manner. Dietary agents modulate Notch signaling in several types of cancer and concurrently decrease in vitro cell viability and in vivo tumor growth, suggesting a potential role for their clinical use to target Notch pathway components, either alone or in combination with current therapeutic agents.
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32
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Ohishi T, Hayakawa S, Miyoshi N. Involvement of microRNA modifications in anticancer effects of major polyphenols from green tea, coffee, wine, and curry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7148-7179. [PMID: 35289676 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2038540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of green tea, coffee, wine, and curry may contribute to a reduced risk of various cancers. However, there are some cancer site-specific differences in their effects; for example, the consumption of tea or wine may reduce bladder cancer risk, whereas coffee consumption may increase the risk. Animal and cell-based experiments have been used to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of these compounds, with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based mechanisms emerging as likely candidates. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), curcumin (CUR), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol (RSV) can act as antioxidants that activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to downregulate ROS, and as prooxidants to generate ROS, leading to the downregulation of NF-κB. Polyphenols can modulate miRNA (miR) expression, with these dietary polyphenols shown to downregulate tumor-promoting miR-21. CUR, EGCG, and RSV can upregulate tumor-suppressing miR-16, 34a, 145, and 200c, but downregulate tumor-promoting miR-25a. CGA, EGCG, and RSV downregulate tumor-suppressing miR-20a, 93, and 106b. The effects of miRs may combine with ROS-mediated pathways, enhancing the anticancer effects of these polyphenols. More precise analysis is needed to determine how the different modulations of miRs by polyphenols relate to the cancer site-specific differences found in epidemiological studies related to the consumption of foods containing these polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sumio Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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33
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Moracci L, Sensi F, Biccari A, Crotti S, Gaio E, Benetti F, Traldi P, Pucciarelli S, Agostini M. An investigation on [5 fluorouracil and epigallocatechin-3-gallate] complex activity on HT-29 cell death and its stability in gastrointestinal fluid. Oncotarget 2022; 13:476-489. [PMID: 35251495 PMCID: PMC8893781 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently an enhancement of the sensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by 5-fluorouracil (5FU) due to the concurrent treatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been found. In the present paper, to investigate on this aspect, adenocarcinoma cells HT29 were treated with 5FU, EGCG and an equimolar mixture of 5FU and EGCG ([5FU+EGCG]) and cell viability was determined. While 5FU exhibits a clear activity, EGCG alone does not express any activity. However by treating the cells with [5FU+EGCG] a strong effect of EGCG is evidenced: the sensitivity of HT29 cells to 5FU was increased by 12-fold. A simulation of the behavior of [5FU+EGCG] in different compartments of the gastrointestinal digestion model was also performed. 5FU and EGCG solubilized into a mixture of digestive fluids analyzed by mass spectrometry did not lead to signals of 5FU, EGCG and the related complex, while by diluting the solution they become detectable. On the contrary, when 5FU and EGCG are submitted to the step-by-step digestion model procedure, the analysis did not show the presence of 5FU, EGCG and [5FU+EGCG]. This behaviour could be ascribed to the instability of these compounds due to the too severe digestion conditions and/or to the complexity of the matrix which could lead in ESI conditions to the suppression of the signals of the analytes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moracci
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,General Surgical Clinic 3, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroentrological Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Sensi
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Biccari
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,General Surgical Clinic 3, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroentrological Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,General Surgical Clinic 3, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroentrological Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Gaio
- ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Benetti
- ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,General Surgical Clinic 3, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroentrological Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,General Surgical Clinic 3, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroentrological Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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Kansal V, Agarwal A, Harbour A, Farooqi H, Singh VK, Prasad R. Regular Intake of Green Tea Polyphenols Suppresses the Development of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer through miR-29-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020398. [PMID: 35054091 PMCID: PMC8777720 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we and others have shown that the regular intake of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) reduces ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced skin cancer by targeting multiple signaling pathways, including DNA damage, DNA repair, immunosuppression, and inflammation. Here, we determine the effect of GTPs on UVB-induced epigenetic changes, emphasizing DNA hypermethylation in UV-exposed skin and tumors and their association with miR-29, a key regulator of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Skin cancer was induced in SKH-1 hairless mice following repeated exposures of UVB radiation (180 mJ/cm2, three times/week, 24 weeks) with or without GTPs supplementation (0.2%) in drinking water. Regular intake of GTPs inhibited tumor growth by hindering the cascade of DNA hypermethylation events. GTPs supplementation significantly blocked UVB-induced DNA hypermethylation in the skin (up to 35%; p < 0.0001) and in tumors (up to 50%; p < 0.0001). Experimental results showed that the levels of DNA hypermethylation were higher in GTPs-treated mice than in the control group. The expressions of miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c were markedly decreased in UV-induced skin tumors, and GTPs administration blocked UVB-induced miR-29s depletion. Furthermore, these observations were verified using the in vitro approach in human skin cancer cells (A431) followed by treatment with GTPs or mimics of miR-29c. Increased levels of miR-29 were observed in GTPs-treated A431 cells, resulting in increased TET activity and decreased DNA hypermethylation. In conclusion, UVB-mediated miR-29 depletion promotes DNA hypermethylation and leads to enhanced tumor growth by silencing tumor suppressors. Regular intake of GTPs rescued UVB-induced miR-29 depletion and prevented tumor growth by maintaining reduced DNA hypermethylation and activating tumor suppressors. Our observations suggest that miR-based strategies and regular consumption of GTPs could minimize the risk of UVB-induced skin cancers and contribute to better management of NMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kansal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Anshu Agarwal
- Department of Zoology, Agra College, Agra 282001, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110048, India
| | - Angela Harbour
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Humaira Farooqi
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110048, India
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (V.K.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Agra College, Agra 282001, India;
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (V.K.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (V.K.S.); (R.P.)
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Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. The role of polyphenols in overcoming cancer drug resistance: a comprehensive review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:1. [PMID: 34979906 PMCID: PMC8903685 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to treat advanced stages of cancer or following surgery. However, cancers often develop resistance against drugs, leading to failure of treatment and recurrence of the disease. Polyphenols are a family of organic compounds with more than 10,000 members which have a three-membered flavan ring system in common. These natural compounds are known for their beneficial properties, such as free radical scavenging, decreasing oxidative stress, and modulating inflammation. Herein, we discuss the role of polyphenols (mainly curcumin, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin gallate [EGCG]) in different aspects of cancer drug resistance. Increasing drug uptake by tumor cells, decreasing drug metabolism by enzymes (e.g. cytochromes and glutathione-S-transferases), and reducing drug efflux are some of the mechanisms by which polyphenols increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Polyphenols also affect other targets for overcoming chemoresistance in cancer cells, including cell death (i.e. autophagy and apoptosis), EMT, ROS, DNA repair processes, cancer stem cells, and epigenetics (e.g. miRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Emerging Therapeutic Agents for Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247463. [PMID: 34946546 PMCID: PMC8707340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are promising new therapeutic agents for CRC patients, including novel small-molecule inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockers. We focused on emerging CRC’s therapeutic agents that have shown the potential for progress in clinical practice. This review provides an overview of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF and KIT, BRAF and MEK inhibitors, TLR9 agonist, STAT3 inhibitors, and immune checkpoint blockers (PD1/PDL-1 inhibitors), for which recent advances have been reported. These new agents have the potential to provide benefits to CRC patients with unmet medical needs.
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Hu Z, Li M, Cao Y, Akan OD, Guo T, Luo F. Targeting AMPK Signaling by Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100732. [PMID: 34802178 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious public health problem in the world and a major disease affecting human health. Dietary polyphenols have shown good potential in the treatment of various cancers. It is worth noting that cancer cells usually exhibit metabolic abnormalities of high glucose intake and inefficient utilization. AMPK is the key molecule in the regulation of energy metabolism and is closely related with obesity and diabetes. Recent studies indicate that AMPK also plays an important role in cancer prevention and regulating cancer-related genes and pathways, and dietary polyphenols can significantly regulate AMPK activity. In this review, the progress of dietary polyphenols preventing carcinogenesis via AMPK pathway is systemically summarized. From the viewpoint of interfering energy metabolism, the anti-cancer effects of dietary polyphenols are explained. AMPK pathway modulated by different dietary polyphenols affects pathways and target genes are summarized. Dietary polyphenols exert anti-cancer effect through the target molecules regulated by AMPK, which broadens the understanding of polyphenols anti-cancer mechanisms and provides value reference for the investigators of the novel field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuomin Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yunyun Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Otobong Donald Akan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
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38
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Silva VR, Santos LDS, Dias RB, Quadros CA, Bezerra DP. Emerging agents that target signaling pathways to eradicate colorectal cancer stem cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1275-1313. [PMID: 34791817 PMCID: PMC8696218 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The modern concept of cancer biology indicates that cancer is formed of a small population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which present both pluripotency and self-renewal properties. These cells are considered responsible for the progression of the disease, recurrence and tumor resistance. Interestingly, some cell signaling pathways participate in CRC survival, proliferation, and self-renewal properties, and most of them are dysregulated in CSCs, including the Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathways. In this review, we summarize the strategies for eradicating CRC stem cells by modulating these dysregulated pathways, which will contribute to the study of potential therapeutic schemes, combining conventional drugs with CSC-targeting drugs, and allowing better cure rates in anti-CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdenizia R Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Luciano de S Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Claudio A Quadros
- São Rafael Hospital, Rede D'Or/São Luiz, Salvador, Bahia, 41253-190, Brazil.,Bahia State University, Salvador, Bahia, 41150-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Dietary Agents: An Important Therapeutic Strategy against Human Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111669. [PMID: 34769099 PMCID: PMC8584029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a multifactorial disease, treatment of cancer depends on understanding unique mechanisms involved in its progression. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor stemness and by enhancing colony formation, proliferation as well as metastasis, and these cells can also mediate resistance to therapy. Furthermore, the presence of CSCs leads to cancer recurrence and therefore their complete eradication can have immense therapeutic benefits. The present review focuses on targeting CSCs by natural products in cancer therapy. The growth and colony formation capacities of CSCs have been reported can be attenuated by the dietary agents. These compounds can induce apoptosis in CSCs and reduce tumor migration and invasion via EMT inhibition. A variety of molecular pathways including STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Gli1 and NF-κB undergo down-regulation by dietary agents in suppressing CSC features. Upon exposure to natural agents, a significant decrease occurs in levels of CSC markers including CD44, CD133, ALDH1, Oct4 and Nanog to impair cancer stemness. Furthermore, CSC suppression by dietary agents can enhance sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition to in vitro studies, as well as experiments on the different preclinical models have shown capacity of natural products in suppressing cancer stemness. Furthermore, use of nanostructures for improving therapeutic impact of dietary agents is recommended to rapidly translate preclinical findings for clinical use.
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40
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Ashry R, Elhussiny M, Abdellatif H, Elkashty O, Abdel-Ghaffar HA, Gaballa ET, Mousa SA. Genetic Interpretation of the Impacts of Honokiol and EGCG on Apoptotic and Self-Renewal Pathways in HEp-2 Human Laryngeal CD44 high Cancer Stem Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2152-2173. [PMID: 34590505 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1981404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most current larynx cancer therapies are generally aimed at the global mass of tumor, targeting the non-tumorigenic cells, and unfortunately sparing the tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are responsible for sustained growth, metastasis, and chemo- and radioresistance. Phytochemicals and herbs have recently been introduced as therapeutic sources for eliminating CSCs. Therefore, we assessed the anti-tumor effects of two herbal ingredients, the green tea extract "Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)" and Honokiol (HNK), on parental cells or CD44high CSCs of the human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line HEp-2. Results revealed that EGCG had a preeminent apoptotic potential on HEp-2 laryngeal CSCs. HNK conferred higher cytotoxic impacts on parental cells mostly by necrosis induction, especially with higher doses, but apoptosis induction with lower doses was also observed. The Notch signaling pathway genes were more potently suppressed by EGCG than HNK. However, HNK surpassed EGCG in downregulating the β-catenin and the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathways genes. On a genetic basis, both agents engaged the BCL-2 family-regulated and caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway, but EGCG and HNK triggered apoptosis via p53-independent and p53-dependent pathways, respectively. Taken together, EGCG and HNK eradicated HEp-2 human larynx cancer cells through targeting multiple self-renewal pathways and activating diverse cell death modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Ashry
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elhussiny
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo, Egypt.,Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hussein Abdellatif
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.,Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Osama Elkashty
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Craniofacial Tissue and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hassan A Abdel-Ghaffar
- Hematology Laboratory, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Hematology section, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Essam T Gaballa
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Delta University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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41
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Shah D, Gandhi M, Kumar A, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma R, Nair S. Current insights into epigenetics, noncoding RNA interactome and clinical pharmacokinetics of dietary polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1755-1791. [PMID: 34433338 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1968786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the health-beneficial effects of dietary phytochemicals, namely polyphenols, to prevent various diseases, including cancer. Polyphenols, like (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, curcumin from turmeric, and ellagic acid from pomegranate are known to act by modulating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic signal transduction pathways in the tumor milieu. The evolving literature underscores the role of epigenetic regulation of genes associated with cancer by these polyphenols, primarily via non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). However, there is little clarity on the exact role(s) played by these ncRNAs and their interactions with other ncRNAs, or with their protein targets, in response to modulation by these dietary polyphenols. Here, we review ncRNA interactions and functional networks of the complex ncRNA interactome with their targets in preclinical studies along with the role of epigenetics as well as key aspects of pharmacokinetics and phytochemistry of dietary polyphenols. We also summarize the current state of clinical trials with these dietary polyphenols. Taken together, this synthetic review provides insights into the molecular aspects underlying the anticancer chemopreventive effects of dietary polyphenols as well as summarizes data on novel biomarkers modulated by these polyphenols for preventive or therapeutic purposes in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur Delhi, India
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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42
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Otsuka K, Ochiya T. Possible connection between diet and microRNA in cancer scenario. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:4-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Targeting cancer stem cells by nutraceuticals for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:234-245. [PMID: 34273521 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an essential role in tumor progression and reoccurrence and drug resistance. Multiple signaling pathways have been revealed to be critically participated in CSC development and maintenance. Emerging evidence indicates that numerous chemopreventive compounds, also known as nutraceuticals, could eliminate CSCs in part via regulating several signaling pathways. Therefore, in this review, we will describe the some natural chemopreventive agents that target CSCs in a variety of human malignancies, including soy isoflavone, curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols, sulforaphane, quercetin, indole-3-carbinol, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, withaferin A, apigenin, etc. Moreover, we discuss that eliminating CSCs by nutraceuticals might be a promising strategy for treating human cancer via overcoming drug resistance and reducing tumor reoccurrence.
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Han JH, Kim M, Kim HJ, Jang SB, Bae SJ, Lee IK, Ryu D, Ha KT. Targeting Lactate Dehydrogenase A with Catechin Resensitizes SNU620/5FU Gastric Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105406. [PMID: 34065602 PMCID: PMC8161398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer therapeutics occurs in virtually every type of cancer and becomes a major difficulty in cancer treatment. Although 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is the first-line choice of anticancer therapy for gastric cancer, its effectiveness is limited owing to drug resistance. Recently, altered cancer metabolism, including the Warburg effect, a preference for glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation for energy production, has been accepted as a pivotal mechanism regulating resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, we investigated the detailed mechanism and possible usefulness of antiglycolytic agents in ameliorating 5FU resistance using established gastric cancer cell lines, SNU620 and SNU620/5FU. SNU620/5FU, a gastric cancer cell harboring resistance to 5FU, showed much higher lactate production and expression of glycolysis-related enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), than those of the parent SNU620 cells. To limit glycolysis, we examined catechin and its derivatives, which are known anti-inflammatory and anticancer natural products because epigallocatechin gallate has been previously reported as a suppressor of LDHA expression. Catechin, the simplest compound among them, had the highest inhibitory effect on lactate production and LDHA activity. In addition, the combination of 5FU and catechin showed additional cytotoxicity and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in SNU620/5FU cells. Thus, based on these results, we suggest catechin as a candidate for the development of a novel adjuvant drug that reduces chemoresistance to 5FU by restricting LDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Han
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - MinJeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.B.J.)
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.B.J.)
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (K.-T.H.)
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Sung TC, Huang WL, Ban LK, Lee HHC, Wang JH, Su HY, Jen SH, Chang YH, Yang JM, Higuchi A, Ye Q. Enrichment of cancer-initiating cells from colon cancer cells through porous polymeric membranes by a membrane filtration method. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:10577-10585. [PMID: 33124643 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) or cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis and represent a few percent of the total tumor cell population. We designed a membrane filtration protocol to enrich CICs (CSCs) from the LoVo colon cancer cell line via nylon mesh filter membranes with 11 and 20 μm pore sizes and poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid)/silk screen (PLGA/silk screen) porous membranes (pore sizes of 20-30 μm). The colon cancer cell solution was filtered through the membranes to obtain a permeate solution. Subsequently, the cell culture medium was filtered through the membranes to collect the recovery solution where the cells attached to the membranes were rinsed off into the recovery solution. Then, the membranes were cultivated in the cultivation medium to collect the migrated cells from the membranes. The cells migrated from any membrane had higher expression of the CSC surface markers CD44 and CD133, had higher colony formation levels, and produced more carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) than the colon cancer cells cultivated on conventional tissue culture plates (control). We established a method to enrich the CICs (CSCs) of colon cancer cells from migrated cells through porous polymeric membranes by the membrane filtration protocol developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Cheng Sung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Kiat Ban
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd., Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan
| | - Henry Hsin-Chung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd., Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hua Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Her-Young Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bobson Yuho Women and Children's Clinic, No. 182, Zhuangjing S. Rd., Zhubei City, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
| | - Shih Hsi Jen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, 77, Kuangtai Road, Pingjen City, Taoyuan 32405, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China and Department of Chemical Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan and Center for Emergent Matter Science, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 16, Xinsan Road, Hi-tech Industry Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China and Skeletal Biology Research Center, OMFS, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02114, USA and School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Goel A. Andrographis overcomes 5-fluorouracil-associated chemoresistance through inhibition of DKK1 in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:814-825. [PMID: 33822896 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapeutic drug remains a mainstay of CRC treatment. Unfortunately, ~50-60% of patients eventually develop resistance to 5FU, leading to poor survival outcomes. Our previous work revealed that andrographis enhanced 5FU-induced anti-cancer activity, but the underlying mechanistic understanding largely remains unclear. In this study, we first established 5FU-resistant (5FUR) CRC cells and observed that combined treatment with andrographis-5FU in 5FUR cells exhibited superior effect on cell viability, proliferation, and colony formation capacity compared with individual treatments (P < 0.001). To identify key genes and pathways responsible for 5FU resistance, we analyzed genome-wide transcriptomic profiling data from CRC patients who either responded or did not respond to 5FU. Among a panel of differentially expressed genes, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) overexpression was a critical event for 5FU resistance. Moreover, andrographis significantly downregulated 5FU-induced DKK1 overexpression, accompanied with enhanced anti-tumor effects by abrogating downstream Akt-phosphorylation. In line with in vitro findings, andrographis enhanced 5FU-induced anti-cancer activity in mice xenografts and patient-derived tumoroids (P < 0.01). In conclusion, our data provide novel evidence for andrographis-mediated reversal of 5FU resistance, highlighting its potential role as an adjunct to conventional chemotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Sethy C, Kundu CN. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance and the new strategy to enhance the sensitivity against cancer: Implication of DNA repair inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111285. [PMID: 33485118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been an important anti-cancer drug to date. With an increase in the knowledge of its mechanism of action, various treatment modalities have been developed over the past few decades to increase its anti-cancer activity. But drug resistance has greatly affected the clinical use of 5-FU. Overcoming this chemoresistance is a challenge due to the presence of cancer stem cells like cells, cancer recurrence, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we have systematically discussed the mechanism of 5-FU resistance and advent strategies to increase the sensitivity of 5-FU therapy including resistance reversal. Special emphasis has been given to the cancer stem cells (CSCs) mediated 5-FU chemoresistance and its reversal process by different approaches including the DNA repair inhibition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Sethy
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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Li F, Qasim S, Li D, Dou QP. Updated review on green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a cancer epigenetic regulator. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:335-352. [PMID: 33453404 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In-depth insights in cancer biology over the past decades have highlighted the important roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. The cancer epigenome usually experiences multiple alternations, including genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and site-specific DNA hypermethylation, various histone posttranslational modifications, and dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These epigenetic changes are plastic and reversible, and could potentially occur in the early stage of carcinogenesis preceding genetic mutation, offering unique opportunities for intervention therapies. Therefore, targeting the cancer epigenome or cancer epigenetic dysregulation with some selected agents (called epi-drugs) represents an evolving and promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Phytochemicals, as a class of pleiotropic molecules, have manifested great potential in modulating different cancer processes through epigenetic machinery, of which green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the most extensively studied. In this review, we first summarize epigenetic events involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, including DNA/RNA methylations, histone modifications and ncRNAs' dysregulations. We then focus on the recently discovered roles of phytochemicals, with a special emphasis on EGCG, in modulating different cancer processes through regulating epigenetic machinery. We finally discuss limitations of EGCG as an epigenetic modulator for cancer chemoprevention and treatment and offer potential strategies to overcome the shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tainan, 271018, China
| | - Syeda Qasim
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tainan, 271018, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Shabbir U, Rubab M, Daliri EBM, Chelliah R, Javed A, Oh DH. Curcumin, Quercetin, Catechins and Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:206. [PMID: 33445760 PMCID: PMC7828240 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Shabbir
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
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Moracci L, Crotti S, Traldi P, Agostini M. Mass spectrometry in the study of molecular complexes between 5-fluorouracil and catechins. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4682. [PMID: 33448570 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a widely employed antineoplastic agent that acts as antimetabolite. However, 5FU activity is strongly reduced against a subset of cancer cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are believed to be responsible for chemoresistance and tumour recurrence. It was found that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin present in green tea extract, suppresses CSCs grown in various cancers. This chemosensitizing effect of EGCG was investigated in 5FU-resistant (5FUR) CRC cells, showing that EGCG enhances 5FU-induced cytotoxicity. However, the real mechanism of an improved 5FU chemosensitivity in the presence of EGCG was not evaluated. Considering the capability of catechins to form bimolecular noncovalent complexes, in the present study, the interaction of catechins and 5FU was studied by different mass spectrometric approaches. The ESI(+) and ESI(-) spectra of [5FU-catechin] mixtures were studied, showing the formation of protonated and deprotonated bimolecular complexes, whose nature was confirmed by MS/MS experiments (product and precursor ion scans). To exclude the possible origin of these species as ESI artefacts, a further series of experiments were performed by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. By this approach, bimolecular complexes have been detected at retention times different from those of free 5FU and catechins, proving their presence in the original solution. Analogous studies were performed on 5FU-green tea extract mixtures, showing that 5FU leads to complexes not only with EGCG but also with other catechins. These molecular species, differently to free 5FU drug alone, would in principle possess a new biological activity and could be an explanation of the described activity cited above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moracci
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, 35127, Italy
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, 35127, Italy
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, 35127, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, 35127, Italy
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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