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Kirk DA, Martínez-Lanfranco JA, Forsyth DJ, Martin AE. Farm management and landscape context shape plant diversity at wetland edges in the Prairie Pothole Region of Canada. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2943. [PMID: 38504599 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating the impacts of farming systems on biodiversity is increasingly important given the need to stem biodiversity loss, decrease fossil fuel dependency, and maintain ecosystem services benefiting farmers. We recorded woody and herbaceous plant species diversity, composition, and abundance in 43 wetland-adjacent prairie remnants beside crop fields managed using conventional, minimum tillage, organic, or perennial cover (wildlife-friendly) land management in the Prairie Pothole Region. We used a hierarchical framework to estimate diversity at regional and local scales (gamma, alpha), and how these are related through species turnover (beta diversity). We tested the expectation that gamma richness/evenness and beta diversity of all plants would be higher in remnants adjacent to perennial cover and organic fields than in conventional and minimum tillage fields. We expected the same findings for plants providing ecosystem services (bee-pollinated species) and disservices (introduced species). We predicted similar relative effects of land management on alpha diversity, but with the expectation that the benefits of organic farming would decrease with increasing grassland in surrounding landscapes. Gamma richness and evenness of all plants were highest for perennial cover, followed by minimum tillage, organic, and conventional sites. Bee-pollinated species followed a similar pattern for richness, but for evenness organic farming came second, after perennial cover sites, followed by minimum tillage and conventional. For introduced species, organic sites had the highest gamma richness and evenness. Grassland amount moderated the effect of land management type on all plants and bee-pollinated plant richness, but not as expected. The richness of organic sites increased with the amount of grassland in the surrounding landscape. Conversely, for conventional sites, richness increased as the amount of grassland in the landscape declined. Our results are consistent with the expectation that adopting wildlife-friendly land management practices can benefit biodiversity at regional and local scales, in particular the use of perennial cover to benefit plant diversity at regional scales. At more local extents, organic farming increased plant richness, but only when sufficient grassland was available in the surrounding landscape; organic farms also had the highest beta diversity for all plants and bee-pollinated plants. Maintaining native cover in agroecosystems, in addition to low-intensity farming practices, could sustain plant biodiversity and facilitate important ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Andrés Martínez-Lanfranco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Centennial Center for Interdisciplinary Science Bldg, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas J Forsyth
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amanda E Martin
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Endress BA, Averett JP, Steinmetz S, Quaempts EJ. Forgotten forbs: Standard vegetation surveys underrepresent ecologically and culturally important forbs in a threatened grassland ecosystem. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Endress
- Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center‐Union Experiment Station, Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
- Eastern Oregon Agriculture and Natural Resource Program Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Joshua P. Averett
- Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center‐Union Experiment Station, Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
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3
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Averett JP, Endress BA. Forb composition gradients and intra‐annual variation in a threatened Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9021. [PMID: 35784076 PMCID: PMC9217882 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Averett
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center‐ Union Station Oregon State University Union Oregon USA
| | - Bryan A. Endress
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center‐ Union Station Oregon State University Union Oregon USA
- Eastern Oregon Agriculture and Natural Resource Program One University Blvd La Grande Oregon USA
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4
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O’Neill MW, Bradley BA, Allen JM. Hotspots of invasive plant abundance are geographically distinct from hotspots of establishment. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Cowie BW, Byrne MJ, Witkowski ETF. Feasible or foolish: Attempting restoration of a Parthenium hysterophorus invaded savanna using perennial grass seed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111686. [PMID: 33250211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The annual herb Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae), remains one of Southern Africa's most significant invasive weeds, commonly invading savannas, and their rangelands, causing severe losses to agriculture, livestock production and native biodiversity. Previous studies have suggested that perennial grasses may act as useful competitive species, capable of suppressing the growth and invasion of P. hysterophorus. To explore this, a total of 48 plots were established within an invaded savanna, using a randomised block design, and included treatments with and without the clearing of P. hysterophorus, as well as with and without the sowing of native perennial grass seed (Anthephora pubescens, Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis curvula, Panicum maximum and Themeda triandra). Plots were assessed yearly in terms of P. hysterophorus density and growth as well as grass species composition, basal cover, and biomass over a three-year period. Clearing alone was found to exacerbate invasion, increasing P. hysterophorus density by 40%. Whereas the sowing of grass seed, in both the cleared and uncleared plots, increased the abundance of perennial grass species by 28%, subsequently reducing the size, reproductive output and density of P. hysterophorus over the three years. In addition, these sowing efforts contributed towards partial restoration of the plots, enhancing grass basal cover by ~15% and biomass production by 17%. Overall, this research suggests that sowing of native grass species, with or without clearing, may be a useful supplementary control or restoration tool towards the long-term management of P. hysterophorus invasions in managed savannas and rangelands in Southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair W Cowie
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Marcus J Byrne
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ed T F Witkowski
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Brisson J, Teasdale V, Boivin P, Lavoie C. Plant cover restoration to inhibit seedling emergence, growth or survival of an exotic invasive plant species. ECOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2020.1753313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Brisson
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Teasdale
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Boivin
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Lavoie
- École Supérieure d’Aménagement du Territoire et de Développement Régional, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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7
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Funk JL, Parker IM, Matzek V, Flory SL, Aschehoug ET, D’Antonio CM, Dawson W, Thomson DM, Valliere J. Keys to enhancing the value of invasion ecology research for management. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Bucharova A, Krahulec F. Native seed addition as an effective tool for post-invasion restoration. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Lubin TK, Schultz P, Bever JD, Alexander HM. Are two strategies better than one? Manipulation of seed density and soil community in an experimental prairie restoration. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terra K. Lubin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
- Kansas Biological SurveyUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
| | - Peggy Schultz
- Kansas Biological SurveyUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
- Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
| | - James D. Bever
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
- Kansas Biological SurveyUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
| | - Helen M. Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
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11
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Masarei M, Guzzomi AL, Merritt DJ, Erickson TE. Factoring restoration practitioner perceptions into future design of mechanical direct seeders for native seeds. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monte Masarei
- School of EngineeringThe University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Andrew L. Guzzomi
- School of EngineeringThe University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - David J. Merritt
- Kings Park Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and Attractions Kings Park Western Australia 6005 Australia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Todd E. Erickson
- Kings Park Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and Attractions Kings Park Western Australia 6005 Australia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
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12
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Potential Use of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) to Suppress Three Invasive Plant Species in Agroecosystems (Ageratum conyzoides L., Bidens pilosa L., and Galinsoga parviflora Cav.). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a logical candidate crop to suppress invasive plants, but additional information is needed to support its potential application as a suppressive ground cover. The current study utilized a de Wit replacement series incorporating five ratios of sweet potato grown in the field in combination with one of three invasive plants (Ageratum conyzoides L., Bidens pilosa L., and Galinsoga parviflora Cav.) in replicated 9 m2 plots. Stem length, total biomass, and leaf area were higher for monoculture-grown sweet potato than these parameters for any of the invasive plants grown in monoculture. In mixed culture, the plant height, branch, leaf, inflorescence, seed, and biomass of all invasive plants were suppressed by sweet potato. The relative yield parameter indicated that intraspecific competition was greater than interspecific competition for sweet potato, while the reverse was true for invasive species. The net photosynthetic rate was higher for sweet potato than for B. pilosa and G. parviflora but not A. conyzoides. Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of each of the three invasive plants were reduced in mixture with sweet potato. Our results demonstrated that these three invasive plants were significantly suppressed by sweet potato competition due to the rapid growth and phenotypic plasticity of sweet potato.
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Lai L, Chen L, Zheng M, Jiang L, Zhou J, Zheng Y, Shimizu H. Seed germination and seedling growth of five desert plants and their relevance to vegetation restoration. Ecol Evol 2019. [PMID: 30847101 DOI: 10.1002/ece34910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to significant decreases in precipitation in northern China, knowledge of the response of seed germination and plant growth characteristics to key limiting factors is essential for vegetation restoration. We examined seed germination under different temperatures and water potentials, and we examined seedling growth under different amounts of water supply. Experiments were carried out in automatic temperature-, humidity-, and light-controlled growth chambers. Under low water potentials, the final germination percentages of four herbaceous species were high, while seed germination of the shrub species Caragana microphylla was significantly inhibited. Under the different water supply amounts, seedlings of Agropyron cristatum allocated more biomass to the root and had a higher growth rate than those of Elymus dahuricus and C. microphylla. In light of these results and drier environmental conditions (annual mean precipitation is 366 mm, which falling mainly between June and August), potential selections for revegetation of different landscapes include the following: A. cristatum for shifting sand dunes, the establishment of the pioneer species Agriophyllum squarrosum, C. microphylla for semifixed sand dunes, E. dahuricus for fixed sand dunes, and Melilotus suaveolens and Medicago sativa for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Lai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Mingqing Zheng
- Information Center Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing China
| | - Lianhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yuanrun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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14
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Lai L, Chen L, Zheng M, Jiang L, Zhou J, Zheng Y, Shimizu H. Seed germination and seedling growth of five desert plants and their relevance to vegetation restoration. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2160-2170. [PMID: 30847101 PMCID: PMC6392388 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to significant decreases in precipitation in northern China, knowledge of the response of seed germination and plant growth characteristics to key limiting factors is essential for vegetation restoration. We examined seed germination under different temperatures and water potentials, and we examined seedling growth under different amounts of water supply. Experiments were carried out in automatic temperature-, humidity-, and light-controlled growth chambers. Under low water potentials, the final germination percentages of four herbaceous species were high, while seed germination of the shrub species Caragana microphylla was significantly inhibited. Under the different water supply amounts, seedlings of Agropyron cristatum allocated more biomass to the root and had a higher growth rate than those of Elymus dahuricus and C. microphylla. In light of these results and drier environmental conditions (annual mean precipitation is 366 mm, which falling mainly between June and August), potential selections for revegetation of different landscapes include the following: A. cristatum for shifting sand dunes, the establishment of the pioneer species Agriophyllum squarrosum, C. microphylla for semifixed sand dunes, E. dahuricus for fixed sand dunes, and Melilotus suaveolens and Medicago sativa for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Lai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lijun Chen
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Mingqing Zheng
- Information CenterMinistry of Environmental ProtectionBeijingChina
| | - Lianhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuanrun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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15
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Mahmood AH, Florentine S, Graz FP, Turville C, Palmer G, Sillitoe J, McLaren D. Comparison of techniques to control the aggressive environmental invasive species Galenia pubescens in a degraded grassland reserve, Victoria, Australia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203653. [PMID: 30427840 PMCID: PMC6235253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Across many southern regions of Australia, native grasslands have become seriously threatened by human activity, with only a fraction of the original areas remaining undisturbed. In particular, the introduction and establishment of exotic invasive weeds has caused significant degradation to the ecosystems in these areas by contributing to a decrease in native plant density and diversity, and this has ultimately led to major changes to the ecosystem structure and function. One such example is Galenia pubescens. Our objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of four different attempts to control G. pubescens: herbicide control with glyphosate; organic herbicide control with pine oil; the application of mulch; and the addition of seeds of native species to the seedbank. Results shows that any one single control strategy is insufficient to control G. pubescens, and, in addition, it has shown that regeneration of native vegetation is limited unless direct seeding is applied. There was a strong indication that a combined strategy employing more than two of the aforementioned techniques is likely to be the most effective approach, at least in the short term. Underscoring the complexity of this task, our analysis on foliage cover of G. pubescens shows that the interaction of pine oil and glyphosate treatments appeared to be very effective after six months, but were not so effective after 18 months. By contrast, seeding with native seeds was not particularly effective at six months, but its longer-term contribution appears to be effective at 18 months. Further, our results obtained from the seedbank abundance study indicate that time alone was not a significant factor in restoration of the grasslands (p = 0.165); however there were interactions with time, shown by time*glyphosate (p = 0.008) and time*seeding (p = 0.016). Both interactions indicated that the applications of glyphosate and seeding were more beneficial after 18 months compared to six months. However, full regeneration of invaded native grasslands may not be possible unless further restoration programs are re-implemented after the first cycle of G. pubescens’ treatments have been completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ako H. Mahmood
- Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Friedrich P. Graz
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Bruce Highway, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Turville
- Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant Palmer
- Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Sillitoe
- Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - David McLaren
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, Victorian and La Trobe University, AgriBiosciences Centre, Bundoora, Australia
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Kral K, Limb R, Ganguli A, Hovick T, Sedivec K. Seasonal prescribed fire variation decreases inhibitory ability of Poa pratensis L. and promotes native plant diversity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:908-916. [PMID: 30005416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity is threatened by invasive plant species. Without a thorough understanding of effective management strategies, minimizing their impacts while improving native species diversity will be challenging. Burning in fire-prone landscapes has been successful for managing invasive species and increasing native biodiversity, but it is unclear how specific fire regimes improve restoration practices in novel ecosystems where invasive plants have a similar growth phenology to native plants. We investigated fire as a restoration practice in the Northern Great Plains to decrease the cover of Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis (bluegrass), a perennial cool-season invasive grass phenologically similar to dominant native cool-season grasses, by 1) evaluating season of burn (early-growing season, late-growing season, and dormant season) in a field experiment to test differences in plant community composition and 2) manipulating fine fuels (3000-5000 kg ha-1) in an experimental approach to determine the effects of fire on plant survivability of selected native grasses and bluegrass. Bluegrass cover decreased 27% on all field burned plots the first year post-fire. Three years post-fire, late-growing season and dormant season treatments had 35% less bluegrass, whereas the early-growing season treatment was not significantly different from the control. Overall, fire altered the native plant community, with native plants more associated with burned plots. However, native plant community changes were only evident three years post-fire in late-growing season and dormant season burn treatments. In the experimental approach, native grasses and bluegrass experienced high rates of mortality (40-50%) at fuel loads above 4000 kg ha-1 and heat dosages above 30,000 °C·sec, features commonly associated with early-growing season burns. Therefore, early-growing season burns meant to reduce bluegrass may also impact native plants dominant in the region. Invasive species management is complicated in novel ecosystems when invasive plants have similar growth phenologies to native species. Control efforts should consider how different management strategies impact invasive and native plants alike. We found that late-growing season and dormant season burns, along with higher fuel loads, decreased bluegrass cover. Determining mechanisms of control in fire-prone landscapes is a crucial step to improving invasive plant control and increasing native biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kral
- Range Science Program, North Dakota State University, USA.
| | - Ryan Limb
- Range Science Program, North Dakota State University, USA.
| | - Amy Ganguli
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, USA.
| | - Torre Hovick
- Range Science Program, North Dakota State University, USA.
| | - Kevin Sedivec
- Range Science Program, North Dakota State University, USA.
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McManamen C, Nelson CR, Wagner V. Timing of seeding after herbicide application influences rates of germination and seedling biomass of native plants used for grassland restoration. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine McManamen
- W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59802 U.S.A
| | - Cara R. Nelson
- W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59802 U.S.A
| | - Viktoria Wagner
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2; Brno CZ 61137 Czech Republic
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18
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Zhu X, Shen Y, He B, Zhao Z. Humus soil as a critical driver of flora conversion on karst rock outcrops. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12611. [PMID: 28974749 PMCID: PMC5626776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rock outcrop is an important habitat supporting plant communities in karst landscape. However, information on the restoration of higher biotic populations on outcrops is limited. Here, we investigated the diversity, biomass changes of higher vascular plants (VP) and humus soil (HS) on karst outcrops during a restoration process. We surveyed VP on rock outcrops and measured HS reserved by various rock microhabitats in a rock desertification ecosystem (RDE), an anthropogenic forest ecosystem (AFE), and a secondary forest ecosystem (SFE) in Shilin County, southwest China. HS metrics (e.g. quantity and nutrients content) and VP metrics (e.g. richness, diversity and biomass) were higher at AFE than at RDE, but lower than at SFE, suggesting that the restoration of soil subsystem vegetation increased HS properties and favored the succession of VP on rock outcrops. There was significantly positive correlation between VP metrics and HS amount, indicating that the succession of VP was strongly affected by availability and heterogeneity of HS in various rock microhabitats. Thus, floral succession of rock subsystem was slow owing to the limited resources on outcrops, although the vegetation was restored in soil subsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Youxin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Beibei He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Matthews JW, Molano‐Flores B, Ellis J, Marcum PB, Handel W, Zylka J, Phillippe LR. Impacts of management and antecedent site condition on restoration outcomes in a sand prairie. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Matthews
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 U.S.A
| | - Brenda Molano‐Flores
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign IL 61801 U.S.A
| | - James Ellis
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign IL 61801 U.S.A
| | - Paul B. Marcum
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign IL 61801 U.S.A
| | - William Handel
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign IL 61801 U.S.A
| | - Jason Zylka
- Chicago District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Chicago IL 60604 U.S.A
| | - Loy R. Phillippe
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign IL 61801 U.S.A
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Bork EW, Hewins DB, Tannas S, Willms WD. Festuca campestris
density and defoliation regulate abundance of the rhizomatous grass Poa pratensis
in a fallow field. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward W. Bork
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Daniel B. Hewins
- Biology Department; Rhode Island College, 251 Fogarty Life Science Building; Providence RI 02908 U.S.A
| | - Steven Tannas
- Tannas Conservation Services, Box 31; Cremona Alberta T0M 0R0 Canada
| | - Walter D. Willms
- Lethbridge Research Center; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South; Lethbridge Alberta T1J 4P4 Canada
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21
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Species Distribution Model for Management of an Invasive Vine in Forestlands of Eastern Texas. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6124374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Barak RS, Fant JB, Kramer AT, Skogen KA. Assessing the Value of Potential “Native Winners” for Restoration of Cheatgrass-Invaded Habitat. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2015. [DOI: 10.3398/064.075.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Wilson SD. Managing contingency in semiarid grassland restoration through repeated planting. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D. Wilson
- Department of Biology; University of Regina; Regina Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada
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Rodhouse TJ, Irvine KM, Sheley RL, Smith BS, Hoh S, Esposito DM, Mata-Gonzalez R. Predicting foundation bunchgrass species abundances: model-assisted decision-making in protected-area sagebrush steppe. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00169.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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25
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Successional distance between the source and recipient influence seed germination and seedling survival during surface soil replacement in SW China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79125. [PMID: 24223891 PMCID: PMC3815137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adding propagules (source) to a degraded site (recipient) is a common way of manipulating secondary succession to restore diversity and services formerly provided by forests. However, heretofore no study has considered the effect of “successional distance” between source and recipient site. Four sites in the Shilin karst area of SW China were treated as different states along a secondary successional sere: grass, shrub, young secondary forest, and primary forest. Ten 1 m ×1m soil quadrats in the grass, shrub and young forest sites were replaced with 10 cm deep soil sources from corresponding later successional stage(s) in January 2009. Woody plant seed germination was monitored in the first year and seedling survival was monitored until the end of the second year. At the end of 2010, 2097 seeds of woody plants belonging to 45 taxa had germinated, and 3.9% of the seedlings and 7.8% of the species survived. Germination of most species was sensitive to ambient light (red, far-red, R:FR ratios, photosynthetically active radiation). Soil source and recipient site had a significant effect on the total number of seeds and number of species that germinated, and on the percentage of seedlings that survived through the end of the second year. Closer successional stages between recipient site and soil source had higher seed germination and seedling-survival percentages. However, a transition threshold exists in the young forest state, where seeds can germinate but not survive the second year. Our results, although based on an unreplicated chronosequence, suggest that successional distance between soil sources and recipient sites affect forest recruitment and restoration in degraded karst of SW China.
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Kimball S, Lulow ME, Mooney KA, Sorenson QM. Establishment and Management of Native Functional Groups in Restoration. Restor Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kimball
- BIO SCI - Center for Environmental Biology; University of California, Irvine; Irvine CA 92697-1450 U.S.A
| | | | - Kailen A. Mooney
- BIO SCI - Center for Environmental Biology; University of California, Irvine; Irvine CA 92697-1450 U.S.A
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department; University of California, Irvine; Irvine CA 92697-1450 U.S.A
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MORRIS ECHARLES, DE BARSE MONIQUE. Carbon, fire and seed addition favour native over exotic species in a grassy woodland. AUSTRAL ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2012.02426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rinella MJ, Mangold JM, Espeland EK, Sheley RL, Jacobs JS. Long-term population dynamics of seeded plants in invaded grasslands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:1320-1329. [PMID: 22827138 DOI: 10.1890/11-1103.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, dozens of studies have involved attempts to introduce native and desirable nonnative plant species into grasslands dominated by invasive weeds. The newly introduced plants have proved capable of establishing, but because they are rarely monitored for more than four years, it is unknown if they have a high likelihood of persisting and suppressing invaders for the long-term. Beyond invaded grasslands, this lack of long-term monitoring is a general problem plaguing efforts to reintroduce a range of taxa into a range of ecosystems. We introduced species from seed and then periodically measured plant abundances for nine years at one site and 15 years at a second site. To our knowledge, our 15-year data are the longest to date from a seeding experiment in invaded, never-cultivated grassland. At one site, three seeded grasses maintained high densities for three or more years, but then all or nearly all individuals died. At the second site, one grass performed similarly, but two other grasses proliferated and at least one greatly suppressed the dominant invader (Centaurea maculosa). In one study, our point estimate suggests that the seeded grass Thinopyrum intermedium reduced C. maculosa biomass by 93% 15 years after seeding. In some cases, data from three and fewer years after seeding falsely suggested that seeded species were capable of persisting within the invaded grassland. In other cases, data from as late as nine years after seeding falsely suggested seeded populations would not become large enough to suppress the invader. These results show that seeded species sometimes persist and suppress invaders for long periods, but short-term data cannot predict if, when, or where this will occur. Because short-term data are not predictive of long-term seeded species performances, additional long-term data are needed to identify effective practices, traits, and species for revegetating invaded grasslands.
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Wang HH, Grant WE, Gan J, Rogers WE, Swannack TM, Koralewski TE, Miller JH, Taylor JW. Integrating spread dynamics and economics of timber production to manage Chinese tallow invasions in southern U.S. forestlands. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33877. [PMID: 22442731 PMCID: PMC3307772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic costs associated with the invasion of nonnative species are of global concern. We estimated expected costs of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) invasions related to timber production in southern U.S. forestlands under different management strategies. Expected costs were confined to the value of timber production losses plus costs for search and control. We simulated management strategies including (1) no control (NC), and control beginning as soon as the percentage of invaded forest land exceeded (2) 60 (Low Control), (3) 25 (Medium Control), or (4) 0 (High Control) using a spatially-explicit, stochastic, bioeconomic model. With NC, simulated invasions spread northward and westward into Arkansas and along the Gulf of Mexico to occupy ≈1.2 million hectares within 20 years, with associated expected total costs increasing exponentially to ≈$300 million. With LC, MC, and HC, invaded areas reached ≈275, 34, and 2 thousand hectares after 20 years, respectively, with associated expected costs reaching ≈$400, $230, and $200 million. Complete eradication would not be cost-effective; the minimum expected total cost was achieved when control began as soon as the percentage of invaded land exceeded 5%. These results suggest the importance of early detection and control of Chinese tallow, and emphasize the importance of integrating spread dynamics and economics to manage invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
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Abella SR, Craig DJ, Smith SD, Newton AC. Identifying Native Vegetation for Reducing Exotic Species during the Restoration of Desert Ecosystems. Restor Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Wang HH, Grant WE, Swannack TM, Gan J, Rogers WE, Koralewski TE, Miller JH, Taylor JW. Predicted range expansion of Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) in forestlands of the southern United States. DIVERS DISTRIB 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Larson DL, Phillips-Mao L, Quiram G, Sharpe L, Stark R, Sugita S, Weiler A. A framework for sustainable invasive species management: Environmental, social, and economic objectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:14-22. [PMID: 20832931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Applying the concept of sustainability to invasive species management (ISM) is challenging but necessary, given the increasing rates of invasion and the high costs of invasion impacts and control. To be sustainable, ISM must address environmental, social, and economic factors (or "pillars") that influence the causes, impacts, and control of invasive species across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Although these pillars are generally acknowledged, their implementation is often limited by insufficient control options and significant economic and political constraints. In this paper, we outline specific objectives in each of these three "pillars" that, if incorporated into a management plan, will improve the plan's likelihood of sustainability. We then examine three case studies that illustrate how these objectives can be effectively implemented. Each pillar reinforces the others, such that the inclusion of even a few of the outlined objectives will lead to more effective management that achieves ecological goals, while generating social support and long-term funding to maintain projects to completion. We encourage agency directors and policy-makers to consider sustainability principles when developing funding schemes, management agendas, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Larson
- US Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 1561 Lindig St., St. Paul, MN 55108-6097, USA.
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Hacker RB, Toole ID, Melville GJ. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on vegetation dynamics of a degraded native grassland in semi-arid south-eastern Australia. RANGELAND JOURNAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/rj10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The roles of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in controlling vegetation transitions in a degraded semi-arid grassland were investigated in a factorial experiment that combined two initial levels of perennial plant density (low and high), three levels of N (N+, N0 and N–) and two levels of P (P+ and P0). Increased levels of both N and P were achieved by fertiliser addition while sucrose was used to reduce the level of N. Vegetation dynamics were driven primarily by soil N rather than P. Addition of sucrose, which was inferred to result in the immobilisation of mineral N, reduced the growth of annual species and facilitated the establishment and growth of native perennial grasses. Addition of P generally had no significant effect on dry matter production, either in total or for species grouped as forbs, annual grasses and perennial grasses, or on recruitment and mortality of perennial grasses. However, at some times of observation addition of P increased ground cover and/or the basal circumference of some perennial grass species. Basal circumference for Enteropogon acicularis was also increased by addition of N. Soil biological activity, measured by decomposition of cotton strips, was increased by addition of N, which maintained vegetation in an annual-dominated condition, and was not affected by addition of P. Carbon addition has the potential to assist restoration of this grassland. However, the capacity of some native grass species to respond to increased fertility suggests that once restoration is achieved some increase in fertility may be beneficial for pastoral production.
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Kinyua D, McGeoch LE, Georgiadis N, Young TP. Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Soil Ripping, Seeding, and Fertilization on the Restoration of a Tropical Rangeland. Restor Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mazzola MB, Chambers JC, Blank RR, Pyke DA, Schupp EW, Allcock KG, Doescher PS, Nowak RS. Effects of resource availability and propagule supply on native species recruitment in sagebrush ecosystems invaded by Bromus tectorum. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Drenovsky RE, James JJ. Designing Invasion-Resistant Plant Communities: The Role of Plant Functional Traits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2111/rangelands-d-09-00002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yurkonis KA, Wilsey BJ, Moloney KA, Drobney P, Larson DL. Seeding Method Influences Warm-Season Grass Abundance and Distribution but not Local Diversity in Grassland Restoration. Restor Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Crone EE, Marler M, Pearson DE. Non-target effects of broadleaf herbicide on a native perennial forb: a demographic framework for assessing and minimizing impacts. J Appl Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rinella MJ, Maxwell BD, Fay PK, Weaver T, Sheley RL. Control effort exacerbates invasive-species problem. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2009; 19:155-162. [PMID: 19323180 DOI: 10.1890/07-1482.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem managers face a difficult decision when managing invasive species. If they use aggressive practices to reduce invader abundances, they will likely reduce invaders' competitive impacts on natives. But it is often difficult or impossible to reduce invaders without damaging natives. So a critical question becomes: Which is worse for native biota, invaders or things done to control invaders? We attempted to answer this question for a common scenario. We studied several grassland natives exhibiting long-term coexistence with an invader and asked how aggressive management (herbicide use) affected the natives. Whether or not grazing was excluded, one-time herbicide use made two native forbs exceedingly rare for our entire 16-year study period. Herbicide also made several other native forbs rare, but only when grazing was excluded, and there is evidence that the dominant invader became more abundant in response to the decreases in native-forb abundances. Throughout the world, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are receiving herbicide applications for exotic-species control. Some of the applications are doubtless warranted because they target small invader patches or larger areas with virtually no remaining natives. However, other herbicide applications occur where large native populations occur, and our data suggest that these applications can be ill advised. Our cautionary tale is told using an herbicide-treated grassland, but our results should be considered wherever invasive-species management damages native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rinella
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, 243 Fort Keogh Street, Miles City, Montana 53901, USA.
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Yurkonis KA, Wilsey BJ, Moloney KA, Van Der Valk AG. The Impact of Seeding Method on Diversity and Plant Distribution in Two Restored Grasslands. Restor Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mangold JM, Sheley RL. Controlling Performance of Bluebunch Wheatgrass and Spotted Knapweed Using Nitrogen and Sucrose Amendments. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2008. [DOI: 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[129:cpobwa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The impact of invasion and subsequent removal of an exotic thistle, Cynara cardunculus, on CO2 and H2O vapor exchange in a coastal California grassland. Biol Invasions 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-007-9185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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