1
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Hijar Islas AC, Milne A, Eizaguirre C, Huang W. Parasite-mediated predation determines infection in a complex predator-prey-parasite system. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232468. [PMID: 38654648 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay of host-parasite and predator-prey interactions is critical in ecological dynamics because both predators and parasites can regulate communities. But what is the prevalence of infected prey and predators when a parasite is transmitted through trophic interactions considering stochastic demographic changes? Here, we modelled and analysed a complex predator-prey-parasite system, where parasites are transmitted from prey to predators. We varied parasite virulence and infection probabilities to investigate how those evolutionary factors determine species' coexistence and populations' composition. Our results show that parasite species go extinct when the infection probabilities of either host are small and that success in infecting the final host is more critical for the survival of the parasite. While our stochastic simulations are consistent with deterministic predictions, stochasticity plays an important role in the border regions between coexistence and extinction. As expected, the proportion of infected individuals increases with the infection probabilities. Interestingly, the relative abundances of infected and uninfected individuals can have opposite orders in the intermediate and final host populations. This counterintuitive observation shows that the interplay of direct and indirect parasite effects is a common driver of the prevalence of infection in a complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Hijar Islas
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amy Milne
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Mathematics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Christophe Eizaguirre
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Weini Huang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Group of Theoretical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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2
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Oliver MG, Best A. Parasite evolution of host manipulation strategies with fluctuating ecological dynamics. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:302-313. [PMID: 38300519 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Trophically transmitted parasites often infect an intermediate prey host and manipulate their behaviour to make predation more likely, thus facilitating parasite transmission to the definitive host. However, it is unclear when such a manipulation strategy should be expected to evolve. We develop the first evolutionary invasion model to explore the evolution of manipulation strategies that are in a trade-off with parasite production of free-living spores. We find that the size of the susceptible prey population together with the threat of predation drives manipulation evolution. We find that it is only when the susceptible prey population is large and the threat of predation is relatively small that selection favours manipulation strategies over spore production. We also confirm that the system exhibits cyclic population dynamics, and this can influence the qualitative direction of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Grace Oliver
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Best
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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3
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Hite JL, Roos AMD. Pathogens stabilize or destabilize depending on host stage structure. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:20378-20404. [PMID: 38124557 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A common assumption is that pathogens more readily destabilize their host populations, leading to an elevated risk of driving both the host and pathogen to extinction. This logic underlies many strategies in conservation biology and pest and disease management. Yet, the interplay between pathogens and population stability likely varies across contexts, depending on the environment and traits of both the hosts and pathogens. This context-dependence may be particularly important in natural consumer-host populations where size- and stage-structured competition for resources strongly modulates population stability. Few studies, however, have examined how the interplay between size and stage structure and infectious disease shapes the stability of host populations. Here, we extend previously developed size-dependent theory for consumer-resource interactions to examine how pathogens influence the stability of host populations across a range of contexts. Specifically, we integrate a size- and stage-structured consumer-resource model and a standard epidemiological model of a directly transmitted pathogen. The model reveals surprisingly rich dynamics, including sustained oscillations, multiple steady states, biomass overcompensation, and hydra effects. Moreover, these results highlight how the stage structure and density of host populations interact to either enhance or constrain disease outbreaks. Our results suggest that accounting for these cross-scale and bidirectional feedbacks can provide key insight into the structuring role of pathogens in natural ecosystems while also improving our ability to understand how interventions targeting one may impact the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Hite
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - André M de Roos
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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4
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Forti LR, Szabo JK, Japyassú HF. Host manipulation by parasites through the lens of Niche Construction Theory. Behav Processes 2023:104907. [PMID: 37352944 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of parasites on host behaviour is generally considered an example of the extended phenotype, implying that parasite genes alter host behaviour to benefit the parasite. While the extended phenotype is a valid perspective supported by empirical examples, this approach was proposed from an evolutionary perspective and it does not fully explain all processes that occur at ecological time scales. For instance, the roles of the ontogenetic environment, memory and learning in forming the host phenotype are not explicitly mentioned. Furthermore, the cumulative effect of diverse populations or communities of parasites on host phenotype cannot be attributed to a particular genotype, much less to a particular gene. Building on the idea that the behaviour of a host is the result of a complex process, which certainly goes beyond a specific parasite gene, we use Niche Construction Theory to describe certain systems that are not generally the main focus in the extended phenotype (EP) model. We introduce three niche construction models with corresponding empirical examples that capture the diversity and complexity of host-parasite interactions, providing predictions that simpler models cannot generate. We hope that this novel perspective will inspire further research on the topic, given the impact of ecological factors on both short-, and long-term effects of parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rodriguez Forti
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina CEP: 40170-115 Salvador - Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572 - Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró - Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Judit K Szabo
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina CEP: 40170-115 Salvador - Bahia, Brazil; College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Hilton F Japyassú
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina CEP: 40170-115 Salvador - Bahia, Brazil; INCT-INTREE: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdisciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal da Bahia
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5
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Prati S, Enß J, Grabner DS, Huesken A, Feld CK, Doliwa A, Sures B. Possible seasonal and diurnal modulation of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) drift by microsporidian parasites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9474. [PMID: 37301923 PMCID: PMC10257654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In lotic freshwater ecosystems, the drift or downstream movement of animals (e.g., macroinvertebrates) constitutes a key dispersal pathway, thus shaping ecological and evolutionary patterns. There is evidence that macroinvertebrate drift may be modulated by parasites. However, most studies on parasite modulation of host drifting behavior have focused on acanthocephalans, whereas other parasites, such as microsporidians, have been largely neglected. This study provides new insight into possible seasonal and diurnal modulation of amphipod (Crustacea: Gammaridae) drift by microsporidian parasites. Three 72 h drift experiments were deployed in a German lowland stream in October 2021, April, and July 2022. The prevalence and composition of ten microsporidian parasites in Gammarus pulex clade E varied seasonally, diurnally, and between drifting and stationary specimens of G. pulex. Prevalence was generally higher in drifting amphipods than in stationary ones, mainly due to differences in host size. However, for two parasites, the prevalence in drift samples was highest during daytime suggesting changes in host phototaxis likely related to the parasite's mode of transmission and site of infection. Alterations in drifting behavior may have important implications for G. pulex population dynamics and microsporidians' dispersal. The underlying mechanisms are more complex than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Prati
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Julian Enß
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel S Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Annabell Huesken
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian K Feld
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Annemie Doliwa
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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6
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Brandell EE, Jackson MK, Cross PC, Piaggio AJ, Taylor DR, Smith DW, Boufana B, Stahler DR, Hudson PJ. Evaluating noninvasive methods for estimating cestode prevalence in a wild carnivore population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277420. [PMID: 36378663 PMCID: PMC9665365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections are cryptic and can be difficult to study in wildlife species. Helminth research in wildlife hosts has historically required invasive animal handling and necropsy, while results from noninvasive parasite research, like scat analysis, may not be possible at the helminth species or individual host levels. To increase the utility of noninvasive sampling, individual hosts can be identified by applying molecular methods. This allows for longitudinal sampling of known hosts and can be paired with individual-level covariates. Here we evaluate a combination of methods and existing long-term monitoring data to identify patterns of cestode infections in gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park. Our goals were: (1) Identify the species and apparent prevalence of cestodes infecting Yellowstone wolves; (2) Assess the relationships between wolf biological and social characteristics and cestode infections; (3) Examine how wolf samples were affected by environmental conditions with respect to the success of individual genotyping. We collected over 200 wolf scats from 2018-2020 and conducted laboratory analyses including individual wolf genotyping, sex identification, cestode identification, and fecal glucocorticoid measurements. Wolf genotyping success rate was 45%, which was higher in the winter but decreased with higher precipitation and as more time elapsed between scat deposit and collection. One cestode species was detected in 28% of all fecal samples, and 38% of known individuals. The most common infection was Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (primarily E. canadensis). Adult wolves had 4x greater odds of having a cestode infection than pups, as well as wolves sampled in the winter. Our methods provide an alternative approach to estimate cestode prevalence and to linking parasites to known individuals in a wild host system, but may be most useful when employed in existing study systems and when field collections are designed to minimize the time between fecal deposition and collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Brandell
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Madeline K. Jackson
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Cross
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Antoinette J. Piaggio
- National Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Taylor
- National Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Douglas W. Smith
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, United States of America
| | - Belgees Boufana
- National Wildlife Management Centre, National Reference Laboratory for Parasites (Trichinella and Echinococcus), Animal and Plant Health Agency, York, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Hudson
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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7
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Paula JR, Repolho T, Grutter AS, Rosa R. Access to Cleaning Services Alters Fish Physiology Under Parasite Infection and Ocean Acidification. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859556. [PMID: 35755439 PMCID: PMC9213755 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleaning symbioses are key mutualistic interactions where cleaners remove ectoparasites and tissues from client fishes. Such interactions elicit beneficial effects on clients’ ecophysiology, with cascading effects on fish diversity and abundance. Ocean acidification (OA), resulting from increasing CO2 concentrations, can affect the behavior of cleaner fishes making them less motivated to inspect their clients. This is especially important as gnathiid fish ectoparasites are tolerant to ocean acidification. Here, we investigated how access to cleaning services, performed by the cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus, affect individual client’s (damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis) aerobic metabolism in response to both experimental parasite infection and OA. Access to cleaning services was modulated using a long-term removal experiment where cleaner wrasses were consistently removed from patch reefs around Lizard Island (Australia) for 17 years or left undisturbed. Only damselfish with access to cleaning stations had a negative metabolic response to parasite infection (maximum metabolic rate—ṀO2Max; and both factorial and absolute aerobic scope). Moreover, after an acclimation period of 10 days to high CO2 (∼1,000 µatm CO2), the fish showed a decrease in factorial aerobic scope, being the lowest in fish without the access to cleaners. We propose that stronger positive selection for parasite tolerance might be present in reef fishes without the access to cleaners, but this might come at a cost, as readiness to deal with parasites can impact their response to other stressors, such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ricardo Paula
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Tiago Repolho
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Alexandra S Grutter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal
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8
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A stochastic eco-epidemiological system with patchy structure and transport-related infection. J Math Biol 2021; 83:62. [PMID: 34773501 PMCID: PMC8590140 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-021-01688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a stochastic eco-epidemiological system with patchy structure and transport-related infection is proposed and the stochastic dynamical behaviors are investigated. Firstly, by constructing suitable Lyapunov functions, it is revealed that there is a unique globally positive solution starting from the positive initial value. Secondly, it is proved that the presented system is stochastically ultimately bounded and the average in time of the second moment of solution is bounded. Thirdly, we prove that the large enough stochastic perturbations may lead the predator population and the diseases in the predator to be extinct while it is persistent in the deterministic system. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to test our theoretical results.
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9
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Stronen AV, Molnar B, Ciucci P, Darimont CT, Grottoli L, Paquet PC, Sallows T, Smits JEG, Bryan HM. Cross-continental comparison of parasite communities in a wide-ranging carnivore suggests associations with prey diversity and host density. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10338-10352. [PMID: 34367579 PMCID: PMC8328421 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites are integral to ecosystem functioning yet often overlooked. Improved understanding of host-parasite associations is important, particularly for wide-ranging species for which host range shifts and climate change could alter host-parasite interactions and their effects on ecosystem function.Among the most widely distributed mammals with diverse diets, gray wolves (Canis lupus) host parasites that are transmitted among canids and via prey species. Wolf-parasite associations may therefore influence the population dynamics and ecological functions of both wolves and their prey. Our goal was to identify large-scale processes that shape host-parasite interactions across populations, with the wolf as a model organism.By compiling data from various studies, we examined the fecal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in six wolf populations from two continents in relation to wolf density, diet diversity, and other ecological conditions.As expected, we found that the fecal prevalence of parasites transmitted directly to wolves via contact with other canids or their excreta was positively associated with wolf density. Contrary to our expectations, the fecal prevalence of parasites transmitted via prey was negatively associated with prey diversity. We also found that parasite communities reflected landscape characteristics and specific prey items available to wolves.Several parasite taxa identified in this study, including hookworms and coccidian protozoans, can cause morbidity and mortality in canids, especially in pups, or in combination with other stressors. The density-prevalence relationship for parasites with simple life cycles may reflect a regulatory role of gastrointestinal parasites on wolf populations. Our result that fecal prevalence of parasites was lower in wolves with more diverse diets could provide insight into the mechanisms by which biodiversity may regulate disease. A diverse suite of predator-prey interactions could regulate the effects of parasitism on prey populations and mitigate the transmission of infectious agents, including zoonoses, spread via trophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid V. Stronen
- Department of BiologyBiotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesInsubria UniversityVareseItaly
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Barbara Molnar
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Paolo Ciucci
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologiesUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Chris T. Darimont
- Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada
- Raincoast Conservation FoundationDenny IslandBCCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBCCanada
| | - Lorenza Grottoli
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologiesUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Paul C. Paquet
- Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada
- Raincoast Conservation FoundationDenny IslandBCCanada
| | - Tim Sallows
- Riding Mountain National ParkWasagamingMBCanada
| | - Judit E. G. Smits
- Department of Ecosystem and Public HealthUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Heather M. Bryan
- Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada
- Raincoast Conservation FoundationDenny IslandBCCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBCCanada
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10
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The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Amphipods are a key component of aquatic ecosystems due to their distribution, abundance and ecological role. They also serve as hosts for many micro- and macro-parasites. The importance of parasites and the necessity to include them in ecological studies has been increasingly recognized in the last two decades by ecologists and conservation biologists. Parasites are able to alter survival, growth, feeding, mobility, mating, fecundity and stressors’ response of their amphipod hosts. In addition to their modulating effects on host population size and dynamics, parasites affect community structure and food webs in different ways: by increasing the susceptibility of amphipods to predation, by quantitatively and qualitatively changing the host diet, and by modifying competitive interactions. Human-induced stressors such as climate change, pollution and species introduction that affect host–parasite equilibrium, may enhance or reduce the infection effects on hosts and ecosystems. The present review illustrates the importance of parasites for ecosystem processes using examples from aquatic environments and amphipods as a host group. As seen from the literature, amphipod–parasite systems are likely a key component of ecological processes, but more quantitative data from natural populations and field evidence are necessary to support the results obtained by experimental research.
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11
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Sato T, Iritani R, Sakura M. Host manipulation by parasites as a cryptic driver of energy flow through food webs. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 33:69-76. [PMID: 31358198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulative parasites alter predator-prey interactions, and thus may facilitate, shift or create energy flow pathways through food webs (referred to hereafter as manipulation-mediated energy flow, MMEF). The ecological significance of MMEF would be determined not only by the strength of host manipulation, but also ecological and epidemiological factors, including host biomass, parasite incidence, and trophic position of the host-parasite association in their food webs. While previous theory has predicted that strong manipulation will destabilize host-parasite dynamics, a recently proposed theoretical framework claims that a switching strategy (sequential manipulation from predation suppression to enhancement) should allow parasites to induce strong predation enhancement and thus large MMEF. We formally outline the current and future directions to better understand the causes and consequences of MMEF across biological hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sato
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kobe University, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Iritani
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Midori Sakura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kobe University, Japan
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12
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Banerjee S, Sarkar RR, Chattopadhyay J. Effect of copper contamination on zooplankton epidemics. J Theor Biol 2019; 469:61-74. [PMID: 30817925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious disease and chemical contamination are increasingly becoming vital issues in many ecosystems. However, studies integrating the two are surprisingly rare. Contamination not only affects the inherent host-resource interaction which influences the epidemic process but may also directly affect epidemiological traits via changes in host's behaviour. The fact that heavy metal such as copper is also an essential trace element for organisms, further increase complexity which make predicting the resultant effect of contamination and disease spread difficult. Motivated by this, we model the effect of copper enrichment on a phytoplankton-zooplankton-fungus system. We show that extremely deficient or toxic copper may have a destabilizing effect on the underlying host-resource dynamics due to increased relative energy fluxes as a result of low host mortality due to fish predation. Further, on incorporating disease into the system, we find that the system can become disease-free for an intermediate range of copper concentration whereas it may persist for very less copper enrichment. Also, we predict that there may exist vulnerable regions of copper concentration near the toxic and deficient levels, where the parasite can invade the system for a comparatively lower spore yield. Overall, our results demonstrate that, the effect of contamination may be fundamental to understanding disease progression in community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Banerjee
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Ram Rup Sarkar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Campus, Pune, India
| | - Joydev Chattopadhyay
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India.
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13
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Iritani R, Sato T. Host-Manipulation by Trophically Transmitted Parasites: The Switcher-Paradigm. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:934-944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Parasite transmission between trophic levels stabilizes predator-prey interaction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12246. [PMID: 30115952 PMCID: PMC6095923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulative parasites that promote their transmission by altering their host’s phenotype are widespread in nature, which suggests that host manipulation allows the permanent coexistence of the host with the parasite. However, the underlying mechanism by which host manipulation affects community stability remains unelucidated. Here, using a mathematical model, we show that host manipulation can stabilise community dynamics. We consider systems wherein parasites are transmitted between different trophic levels: intermediate host prey and final host predator. Without host manipulation, the non-manipulative parasite can destabilise an otherwise globally stable prey–predator system, causing population cycles. However, host manipulation can dampen such population cycles, particularly when the manipulation is strong. This finding suggests that host manipulation is a consequence of self-organized behavior of the parasite populations that allows permanent coexistence with the hosts and plays a key role in community stability.
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15
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de Vries LJ, van Langevelde F. Two different strategies of host manipulation allow parasites to persist in intermediate-definitive host systems. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:393-404. [PMID: 29282789 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trophically transmitted parasites start their development in an intermediate host, before they finish the development in their definitive host when the definitive host preys on the intermediate host. In intermediate-definitive host systems, two strategies of host manipulation have been evolved: increasing the rate of transmission to the definitive host by increasing the chance that the definitive host will prey on the intermediate host, or increasing the lifespan of the parasite in the intermediate host by decreasing the predation chance when the intermediate host is not yet infectious. As the second strategy is less well studied than the first, it is unknown under what conditions each of these strategies is prevailed and evolved. We analysed the effect of both strategies on the presence of parasites in intermediate-definitive host systems with a structured population model. We show that the parasite can increase the parameter space where it can persist in the intermediate-definitive host system using one of these two strategies of host manipulation. We found that when the intermediate host or the definitive host has life-history traits that allow the definitive host to reach large population densities, that is high reproduction rate of the intermediate host or high conversion efficiency of the definitive host (efficiency at which the uninfected definitive host converts caught intermediate hosts into offspring), respectively, evolving manipulation to decrease the predation chance of the intermediate host will be more beneficial than manipulation to increase the predation chance to enhance transmission. Furthermore, manipulation to decrease the predation chance of the intermediate host results in higher population densities of infected intermediate hosts than manipulation that increases the predation chance to enhance transmission. Our study shows that host manipulation in early stages of the parasite development to decrease predation might be a more frequently evolved way of host manipulation than is currently assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J de Vries
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - F van Langevelde
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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McCallum H, Fenton A, Hudson PJ, Lee B, Levick B, Norman R, Perkins SE, Viney M, Wilson AJ, Lello J. Breaking beta: deconstructing the parasite transmission function. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0084. [PMID: 28289252 PMCID: PMC5352811 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission is a fundamental step in the life cycle of every parasite but it is also one of the most challenging processes to model and quantify. In most host–parasite models, the transmission process is encapsulated by a single parameter β. Many different biological processes and interactions, acting on both hosts and infectious organisms, are subsumed in this single term. There are, however, at least two undesirable consequences of this high level of abstraction. First, nonlinearities and heterogeneities that can be critical to the dynamic behaviour of infections are poorly represented; second, estimating the transmission coefficient β from field data is often very difficult. In this paper, we present a conceptual model, which breaks the transmission process into its component parts. This deconstruction enables us to identify circumstances that generate nonlinearities in transmission, with potential implications for emergent transmission behaviour at individual and population scales. Such behaviour cannot be explained by the traditional linear transmission frameworks. The deconstruction also provides a clearer link to the empirical estimation of key components of transmission and enables the construction of flexible models that produce a unified understanding of the spread of both micro- and macro-parasite infectious disease agents. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Opening the black box: re-examining the ecology and evolution of parasite transmission’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish McCallum
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andy Fenton
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Beth Levick
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Rachel Norman
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Sarah E Perkins
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.,Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Mark Viney
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Anthony J Wilson
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Joanne Lello
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK .,Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
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17
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Bairagi N, Adak D. Switching from simple to complex dynamics in a predator–prey–parasite model: An interplay between infection rate and incubation delay. Math Biosci 2016; 277:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Host manipulation in the face of environmental changes: Ecological consequences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2015; 4:442-51. [PMID: 26835252 PMCID: PMC4699980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several parasite species, particularly those having complex life-cycles, are known to induce phenotypic alterations in their hosts. Most often, such alterations appear to increase the fitness of the parasites at the expense of that of their hosts, a phenomenon known as “host manipulation”. Host manipulation can have important consequences, ranging from host population dynamics to ecosystem engineering. So far, the importance of environmental changes for host manipulation has received little attention. However, because manipulative parasites are embedded in complex systems, with many interacting components, changes in the environment are likely to affect those systems in various ways. Here, after reviewing the ecological importance of manipulative parasites, we consider potential causes and consequences of changes in host manipulation by parasites driven by environmental modifications. We show that such consequences can extend to trophic networks and population dynamics within communities, and alter the ecological role of manipulative parasites such as their ecosystem engineering. We suggest that taking them into account could improve the accuracy of predictions regarding the effects of global change. We also propose several directions for future studies. Environmental changes can affect ecosystems in various ways. Manipulative parasites are known to play numerous roles within ecosystems. However, the effects of environmental changes on manipulation has been overlooked. We review those effects and their potential consequences on larger scales. We conclude with suggestions on the direction of future studies.
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19
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Gopko M, Mikheev VN, Taskinen J. Changes in host behaviour caused by immature larvae of the eye fluke: evidence supporting the predation suppression hypothesis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Bairagi N, Adak D. Complex dynamics of a predator–prey–parasite system: An interplay among infection rate, predator's reproductive gain and preference. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Paterson RA, Dick JTA, Pritchard DW, Ennis M, Hatcher MJ, Dunn AM. Predicting invasive species impacts: a community module functional response approach reveals context dependencies. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:453-63. [PMID: 25265905 PMCID: PMC4354255 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Predatory functional responses play integral roles in predator-prey dynamics, and their assessment promises greater understanding and prediction of the predatory impacts of invasive species. Other interspecific interactions, however, such as parasitism and higher-order predation, have the potential to modify predator-prey interactions and thus the predictive capability of the comparative functional response approach. We used a four-species community module (higher-order predator; focal native or invasive predators; parasites of focal predators; native prey) to compare the predatory functional responses of native Gammarus duebeni celticus and invasive Gammarus pulex amphipods towards three invertebrate prey species (Asellus aquaticus, Simulium spp., Baetis rhodani), thus, quantifying the context dependencies of parasitism and a higher-order fish predator on these functional responses. Our functional response experiments demonstrated that the invasive amphipod had a higher predatory impact (lower handling time) on two of three prey species, which reflects patterns of impact observed in the field. The community module also revealed that parasitism had context-dependent influences, for one prey species, with the potential to further reduce the predatory impact of the invasive amphipod or increase the predatory impact of the native amphipod in the presence of a higher-order fish predator. Partial consumption of prey was similar for both predators and occurred increasingly in the order A. aquaticus, Simulium spp. and B. rhodani. This was associated with increasing prey densities, but showed no context dependencies with parasitism or higher-order fish predator. This study supports the applicability of comparative functional responses as a tool to predict and assess invasive species impacts incorporating multiple context dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Paterson
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University BelfastBelfast, UK
- School of Biology, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Jaimie T A Dick
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University BelfastBelfast, UK
| | - Daniel W Pritchard
- School of Planning, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Queen's University BelfastBelfast, UK
| | - Marilyn Ennis
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University BelfastBelfast, UK
| | - Melanie J Hatcher
- School of Biology, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of BristolBristol, UK
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22
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Das KP, Chattopadhyay J. A mathematical study of a predator–prey model with disease circulating in the both populations. INT J BIOMATH 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524515500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Disease in ecological systems plays an important role. In the present investigation we propose and analyze a predator–prey mathematical model in which both species are affected by infectious disease. The parasite is transmitted directly (by contact) within the prey population and indirectly (by consumption of infected prey) within the predator population. We derive biologically feasible and insightful quantities in terms of ecological as well as epidemiological reproduction numbers that allow us to describe the dynamics of the proposed system. Our observations indicate that predator–prey system is stable without disease but high infection rate drive the predator population toward extinction. We also observe that predation of vulnerable infected prey makes the disease to eradicate into the community composition of the model system. Local stability analysis of the interior equilibrium point near the disease-free equilibrium point is worked out. To study the global dynamics of the system, numerical simulations are performed. Our simulation results show that for higher values of the force of infection in the prey population the predator population goes to extinction. Our numerical analysis reveals that predation rates specially on susceptible prey population and recovery of infective predator play crucial role for preventing the extinction of the susceptible predator and disease propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Pada Das
- Department of Mathematics, Mahadevananda Mahavidyalaya, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - J. Chattopadhyay
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
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23
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A theoretical approach on controlling agricultural pest by biological controls. Acta Biotheor 2014; 62:47-67. [PMID: 24212833 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-013-9206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we propose and analyze a prey-predator type dynamical system for pest control where prey population is treated as the pest. We consider two classes for the pest namely susceptible pest and infected pest and the predator population is the natural enemy of the pest. We also consider average delay for both the predation rate i.e. predation to the susceptible pest and infected pest. Considering a subsystem of original system in the absence of infection, we analyze the existence of all possible non-negative equilibria and their stability criteria for both the subsystem as well as the original system. We present the conditions for transcritical bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation in the disease free system. The theoretical evaluations are demonstrated through numerical simulations.
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24
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Abstract
The original life-history strategy of brood-parasitic birds has been the focus of a large number of studies in ecology and evolution. Whether species adopting such a strategy differ in their response to global changes remains, however, unknown. Both the absence of investment in parental care and the capacity to spread nesting failure by laying eggs in several nests might help brood parasites in dealing with environmental changes. Alternatively, brood parasites might cumulate the negative effects of environmental changes on their own environment and on their hosts' environment. Here, I tested whether brood parasites' extinction risk and population trend differed from those of species with parental care. Focusing on the five bird families containing brood parasite species, I show that brood parasites are less at risk of extinction, and have a more stable population trend than species with parental care. In addition, I found that brood parasites with a higher host diversity were more likely to be increasing than those with fewer hosts. The bet-hedging strategy of brood parasites, by allowing them to spread nesting failure risks associated with environmental changes, is likely to help them resist current global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducatez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, , 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montréal, Québec, Canada , H3A 1B1
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25
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Marino JA, Werner EE. Synergistic effects of predators and trematode parasites on larval green frog (Rana clamitans) survival. Ecology 2013; 94:2697-708. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0396.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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DAS KRISHNAPADA, CHAUDHURI SANJAY. ROLE OF HARVESTING IN CONTROLLING CHAOTIC DYNAMICS IN THE PREDATOR–PREY MODEL WITH DISEASE IN THE PREDATOR. INT J BIOMATH 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524513500058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Predator–prey model with harvesting is well studied. The role of disease in such system has a great importance and cannot be ignored. In this study we have considered a predator–prey model with disease circulating in the predator population only and we have also considered harvesting in the prey and in the susceptible predator. We have studied the local stability, Hopf bifurcation of the model system around the equilibria. We have derived the ecological and the disease basic reproduction numbers and we have observed its importance in the community structure of the model system and in controlling disease propagation in the predator population. We have paid attention to chaotic dynamics for increasing the force of infection in the predator. Chaotic population dynamics can exhibit irregular fluctuations and violent oscillations with extremely small or large population abundances. In this study main objective is to show the role of harvesting in controlling chaotic dynamics. It is observed that reasonable harvesting on the prey and the susceptible predator prevents chaotic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- KRISHNA PADA DAS
- Department of Mathematics, Mahadevananda Mahavidyalaya, Monirampore, P. O. Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - SANJAY CHAUDHURI
- Panchagram I. S. A. High School (H. S.), P. O. Nimtita, Murshidbad, West Bengal 742224, India
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27
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Restoration and recovery of damaged eco-epidemiological systems: Application to the Salton Sea, California, USA. Math Biosci 2013; 242:172-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Roberts MG, Heesterbeek JAP. Characterizing the next-generation matrix and basic reproduction number in ecological epidemiology. J Math Biol 2012; 66:1045-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00285-012-0602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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On a population pathogen model incorporating species dispersal with temporal variation in dispersal rate. J Biol Phys 2012; 37:401-16. [PMID: 22942484 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-011-9222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, we consider a mathematical model of ecosystem population interaction where the population suffers from a susceptible-infectious-susceptible disease. Dispersal of both the susceptible and the infective is incorporated using reaction-diffusion equations. We first study the stability criteria of the basic (non-spatial) model around the disease-free and the infected steady states. We find that the loss rate of the infective species controls disease prevalence. Also without predation pressure, the disease will continue to exist among the population. Then we analyze the spatial model with species dispersal in constant as well as in time-varying form. It is observed that though constant dispersal is unable to generate diffusion-driven instability, dispersal with sinusoidal variation in dispersion rate can generate diffusive instability when the wave number of the perturbation lies within a given range. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate analytical studies.
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30
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How population dynamics change in presence of migratory prey and predator's preference. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Mukhopadhyay B, Bhattacharyya R. Effects of deterministic and random refuge in a prey-predator model with parasite infection. Math Biosci 2012; 239:124-30. [PMID: 22609466 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most natural ecosystem populations suffer from various infectious diseases and the resulting host-pathogen dynamics is dependent on host's characteristics. On the other hand, empirical evidences show that for most host pathogen systems, a part of the host population always forms a refuge. To study the role of refuge on the host-pathogen interaction, we study a predator-prey-pathogen model where the susceptible and the infected prey can undergo refugia of constant size to evade predator attack. The stability aspects of the model system is investigated from a local and global perspective. The study reveals that the refuge sizes for the susceptible and the infected prey are the key parameters that control possible predator extinction as well as species co-existence. Next we perform a global study of the model system using Lyapunov functions and show the existence of a global attractor. Finally we perform a stochastic extension of the basic model to study the phenomenon of random refuge arising from various intrinsic, habitat-related and environmental factors. The stochastic model is analyzed for exponential mean square stability. Numerical study of the stochastic model shows that increasing the refuge rates has a stabilizing effect on the stochastic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Science, Central Calcutta Polytechnic, Kolkata, India.
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32
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Zanette LY, Clinchy M, Leonard ML, Horn AG, Haydon DT, Hampson E. Brood-parasite-induced female-biased mortality affects songbird demography: negative implications for conservation. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Interactive effects of nutrient enrichment and the manipulation of intermediate hosts by parasites on infection prevalence and food web structure. Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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MUKHOPADHYAY B, BHATTACHARYYA R. ON A PREY–PREDATOR–PATHOGEN MODEL WITH PREY PREFERENCE: A THEORETICAL STUDY. J BIOL SYST 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s021833901100397x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, we study a prey–predator–pathogen model where the prey population suffer from an SI epidemic. The predator is assumed to exercise preferential predation. The prey preference mechanism ranges from predation only on the susceptible or only on the infective to proportional predation on both the prey types. The formulation maintains the native Holling type-II functional response in one hand and invokes prey switching on the other. We first describe stability and persistence results for the model without preference, which highlights the significance of some system parameters namely, predator mortality rate and predation pressure on the susceptible in shaping the system dynamics. Then we investigate the model with the preference mechanism, which shows the importance of the preference parameter (α) in controlling the stability and existence criteria of component populations. Our study reveals the existence of preference parameter ranges that (i) guarantees stable species coexistence (ii) exhibits rich dynamics in the form of oscillatory phenomena, point attractors and limit cycle attractors and (iii) causes possible extinction of the predators together with the susceptible prey. The ecological meaning of the corresponding ranges is also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. MUKHOPADHYAY
- Department of Science, Central Calcutta Polytechnic, 21, Convent Road, Kolkata 700 014, India
| | - R. BHATTACHARYYA
- Department of Science, The Calcutta Technical School, 110, S.N. Banerjee Road, Kolkata 700 013, India
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35
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Abstract
We propose predator-prey-parasite models to study the effects of parasites upon the predator-prey interaction. There are two parameters that are used to model the effectiveness of the infected prey and infected predator. For the spatial homogeneous system, the asymptotic dynamics depend on the reproductive number of the parasite. The parasite can persist in the population if this reproductive number is larger than one. Numerical simulations suggest that less competitiveness of the infected predator can make the predator-prey interaction less stable. The dynamics may move from coexisting steady state to oscillations. For the spatial heterogeneous system, diffusion may destabilize the homogeneous interior steady state for a particular set of diffusion coefficients. However, both systems do not exhibit complicated dynamical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- SOPHIA R.-J. JANG
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1042, USA
| | - JAMES BAGLAMA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881-0816, USA
| | - LI WU
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881-0816, USA
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36
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Evolution of virulence driven by predator–prey interaction: Possible consequences for population dynamics. J Theor Biol 2011; 276:181-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Grutter AS, Crean AJ, Curtis LM, Kuris AM, Warner RR, McCormick MI. Indirect effects of an ectoparasite reduce successful establishment of a damselfish at settlement. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Chamchod F, Britton NF. Analysis of a Vector-Bias Model on Malaria Transmission. Bull Math Biol 2010; 73:639-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-010-9545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Abstract
Since its use as a model to study metazoan parasite culture and in vitro development, the plerocercoid of the tapeworm, Ligula intestinalis, has served as a useful scientific tool to study a range of biological factors, particularly within its fish intermediate host. From the extensive long-term ecological studies on the interactions between the parasite and cyprinid hosts, to the recent advances made using molecular technology on parasite diversity and speciation, studies on the parasite have, over the last 60 years, led to significant advances in knowledge on host-parasite interactions. The parasite has served as a useful model to study pollution, immunology and parasite ecology and genetics, as well has being the archetypal endocrine disruptor.
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40
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Oliveira NM, Hilker FM. Modelling Disease Introduction as Biological Control of Invasive Predators to Preserve Endangered Prey. Bull Math Biol 2009; 72:444-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-009-9454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Parker GA, Ball MA, Chubb JC, Hammerschmidt K, Milinski M. WHEN SHOULD A TROPHICALLY TRANSMITTED PARASITE MANIPULATE ITS HOST? Evolution 2009; 63:448-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Harvesting as a disease control measure in an eco-epidemiological system – A theoretical study. Math Biosci 2009; 217:134-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Jang SRJ, Baglama J. Continuous-time predator-prey models with parasites. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2009; 3:87-98. [PMID: 22880752 DOI: 10.1080/17513750802283253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study a deterministic continuous-time predator-prey model with parasites, where the prey population is the intermediate host for the parasites. It is assumed that the parasites can affect the behavior of the predator-prey interaction due to infection. The asymptotic dynamics of the system are investigated. A stochastic version of the model is also presented and numerically simulated. We then compare and contrast the two types of models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R-J Jang
- Department of Mathematics , University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA.
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Hilker FM, Schmitz K. Disease-induced stabilization of predator–prey oscillations. J Theor Biol 2008; 255:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lefèvre T, Lebarbenchon C, Gauthier-Clerc M, Missé D, Poulin R, Thomas F. The ecological significance of manipulative parasites. Trends Ecol Evol 2008; 24:41-8. [PMID: 19026461 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of ways in which host manipulation by parasites interferes with ecological and evolutionary processes governing biotic interactions has been recently documented, and indicates that manipulative parasites are full participants in the functioning of ecosystems. Phenotypic alterations in parasitised hosts modify host population ecology, apparent competition processes, food web structure and energy and nutrient flow between habitats, as well as favouring habitat creation. As is usually the case in ecology, these phenomena can be greatly amplified by a series of secondary consequences (cascade effects). Here we review the ecological relevance of manipulative parasites in ecosystems and propose directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Lefèvre
- GEMI/UMR CNRS-IRD 2724, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Impacts of Incubation Delay on the Dynamics of an Eco-Epidemiological System—A Theoretical Study. Bull Math Biol 2008; 70:2017-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-008-9337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Infection with acanthocephalans increases the vulnerability of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) to non-host invertebrate predators. Parasitology 2008; 135:627-32. [DOI: 10.1017/s003118200800423x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYPhenotypic alterations induced by parasites in their intermediate hosts often result in enhanced trophic transmission to appropriate final hosts. However, such alterations may also increase the vulnerability of intermediate hosts to predation by non-host species. We studied the influence of both infection with 3 different acanthocephalan parasites (Pomphorhynchus laevis, P. tereticollis, and Polymorphus minutus) and the availability of refuges on the susceptibility of the amphipod Gammarus pulex to predation by 2 non-host predators in microcosms. Only infection with P. laevis increased the vulnerability of amphipods to predation by crayfish, Orconectes limosus. In contrast, in the absence of refuges, the selectivity of water scorpions, Nepa cinerea, for infected prey was significant and did not differ according to parasite species. When a refuge was available for infected prey, however, water scorpion selectivity for infected prey differed between parasite species. Both P. tereticollis- and P. laevis-infected gammarids were more vulnerable than uninfected ones, whereas the reverse was true of P. minutus-infected gammarids. These results suggest that the true consequences of phenotypic changes associated with parasitic infection in terms of increased trophic transmission of parasites deserve further assessment.
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Liao CM, Yeh CH, Chen SC. Predation affects the susceptibility of hard clam Meretrix lusoria to Hg-stressed birnavirus. Ecol Modell 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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