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Losapio G. Contextualizing the ecology of plant-plant interactions and constructive networks. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad035. [PMID: 37576876 PMCID: PMC10414809 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Botanical concepts have traditionally viewed the environment as a static box containing plants. In this box, plants compete with one another and act as passive resource consumers subjected to the environment in a top-down manner. This entails that plants have only negative effects on other plants and have no influence on the environment. By contrast, there is increasing evidence that plants have positive, bottom-up engineering effects and diversity effects on other plants and on the environment. Here, to overcome the limitations of top-down environmental control, antagonistic-only and pairwise interactions, I propose the concept of constructive networks. Constructive networks unify niche construction and network theory recognizing that (i) plants have manifold ecological functions and impacts on their neighbours, and (ii) the environment shapes and is shaped by diverse organisms, primarily plants. Constructive networks integrate both plant-environment and plant-plant interactions in a relational context. They address how plants influence the environment and support or inhibit other plant species by physically, biochemically and ecologically shaping environmental conditions. Constructive networks acknowledge the fact that diverse plants change and create novel environmental conditions and co-produce, share and transform resources, thereby influencing biological communities and the environment in constructive ways. Different interaction types are considered simultaneously in constructive networks. Yet, the main limitation to understanding constructive networks is the identification of plant links. This barrier may be overcome by applying complexity theory and statistical mechanics to comparative data and experimental field botany. Considering multiple interaction types and feedback between plants and the environment may improve our understanding of mechanisms responsible for biodiversity maintenance and help us to better anticipate the response of plant systems to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianalberto Losapio
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, UNIL Mouline, 1015, VD, Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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2
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Pie MR, Caron FS, Dallimore T, Einzmann H, Hietz P, Kessler M, Ramos FN, Elias JPC, Kreft H, Krömer T, Higuita MJC, Zuleta D, Machado G, de Gasper AL, Zotz G, Mendieta Leiva G, Jimenez-Lopez DA, Mendes AF, Brancalion P, Mortara S, Blum CT, Irume MV, Martínez-Meléndez Nayely N, Benavides AM, Boelter CR, Batke S. Phylogenetic diversity and the structure of host-epiphyte interactions across the Neotropics. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15500. [PMID: 37361043 PMCID: PMC10286801 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms driving community assembly has been a major focus of ecological research for nearly a century, yet little is known about these mechanisms in commensal communities, particularly with respect to their historical/evolutionary components. Here, we use a large-scale dataset of 4,440 vascular plant species to explore the relationship between the evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) (as measured by the 'species evolutionary history' (SEH)) of host species and the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of their associated epiphyte species. Although there was considerable variation across hosts and their associated epiphyte species, they were largely unrelated to host SEH. Our results mostly support the idea that the determinants of epiphyte colonization success might involve host characteristics that are unrelated to host SEH (e.g., architectural differences between hosts). While determinants of PD of epiphyte assemblages are poorly known, they do not appear to be related to the evolutionary history of host species. Instead, they might be better explained by neutral processes of colonization and extinction. However, the high level of phylogenetic signal in epiphyte PD (independent of SEH) suggests it might still be influenced by yet unrecognized evolutionary determinants. This study highlights how little is still known about the phylogenetic determinants of epiphyte communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio R. Pie
- Biology Department, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda S. Caron
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thom Dallimore
- Biology Department, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
- World Museum, National Museums Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Einzmann
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Nunes Ramos
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brasil
| | | | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Zuleta
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Giesta Machado
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - André Luís de Gasper
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | | | - Derio Antonio Jimenez-Lopez
- Programa de doctorado en Ciencias, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Alex Fernando Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Mortara
- International Institute for Sustainability IIS-Rio, Rio, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Victória Irume
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Amazônia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Renato Boelter
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Amazônia, Brazil
| | - Sven Batke
- Biology Department, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
- Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ambiente y Desarrollo, Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Francisco Morazan, Honduras
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3
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Fávero AA, Büneker HM, Waechter JL. Patterns and metacommunity processes of epiphytic bromeliad assemblages along a coastal‐inland gradient in a subtropical Brazilian geographic corridor. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro A. Fávero
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Botânica, Laboratório de Fitoecologia e Fitogeografia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501‐970, Bloco IV, Prédio 43.433 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Henrique M. Büneker
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Botânica, Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Jorge L. Waechter
- Laboratório de Fitoecologia e Fitogeografia, Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
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Losapio G, Cerabolini BEL, Maffioletti C, Tampucci D, Gobbi M, Caccianiga M. The Consequences of Glacier Retreat Are Uneven Between Plant Species. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.616562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaciers are retreating worldwide, exposing new terrain to colonization by plants. Recently-deglaciated terrains have been a subject of ecological studies for a long time, as they represent a unique natural model system for examining the effects of global warming associated with glacier retreat on biodiversity and the spatio-temporal dynamic of communities. However, we still have a limited understanding of how physical and biotic factors interactively influence species persistence and community dynamics after glacier retreat and glacier extinction. Using hierarchical joint species distribution models, we integrated data on plant species occurrence at fine spatial scale, spatio-temporal context, environmental conditions, leaf traits, and species-to-species associations in plant communities spanning 0 to c 5,000 years on average after glacier retreat. Our results show that plant diversity initially increases with glacier retreat, but ultimately decreases after glacier extinction. The 22% of plant species non-linearly respond to glacier retreat and will locally disappear with glacier extinction. At the local scale, soil carbon enrichment and reduction of physical (topographic) disturbance positively contribute to distribution patterns in 66% of the species, indicating a strong impact of community-level environmental conditions. Furthermore, positive and negative associations among species play a relevant role (up to 34% of variance) in driving the spatio-temporal dynamic of plant communities. Global warming prompts a shift from facilitation to competition: positive associations prevail among pioneer species, whereas negative associations are relatively more common among late species. This pattern suggests a role of facilitation for enhancing plant diversity in recently ice-free terrains and of competition for decreasing species persistence in late stages. Associated to that, species persisting the most show more “conservative” traits than species of concern. In summary, although plant diversity initially increases with glacier retreat, more than a fifth of plant species are substantially declining and will disappear with glacier extinction. Even for the “winners,” the “victory” is not to be taken for granted due to the negative impact of rising competition. Integrating survey data with hierarchical and network models can help to forecast biodiversity change and anticipate cascading effects of glacier retreat on mountain ecosystems. These effects include the reduction of ecosystem services and benefits to humans, including food production from the pioneer species Artemisia genipi.
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Chaves CJN, Rossatto DR. Reducing tree density affects interactions between trees and atmospheric
Tillandsia
species (Bromeliaceae). AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleber J. N. Chaves
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro13506‐900Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Rio ClaroBrazil
| | - Davi R. Rossatto
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro13506‐900Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Jaboticabal Brazil
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Janzen T, Zotz G, Etienne RS. Community structure of vascular epiphytes: a neutral perspective. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Janzen
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen Box 1110 39700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Univ. of Oldenburg DE‐26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Functional Plant Ecology, Univ. of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst. Balboa Panama
| | - Rampal S. Etienne
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen Box 1110 39700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
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Montibeller-Silva K, Gomes JP, Mantovani A, Bortoluzzi RLDC. Relações ecológicas entre orquídeas e forófitos em Floresta Ombrófila Mista sob influência nebular, Planalto Serrano Catarinense. RODRIGUÉSIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo objetivou conhecer a riqueza e estrutura de orquídeas epífitas e seus forófitos, avaliar as interações entre estas duas assembleias, bem como, amostrar as espécies forofíticas e não forofíticas para orquídeas em um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista sob influência nebular no Planalto Serrano Catarinense. A amostragem foi realizada no Complexo Serra da Farofa, em uma parcela de 5.000 m2. A riqueza e estrutura das assembleias arbóreas, forofítica e não forofítica e de orquídeas foram avaliadas. Três espécies de orquídeas foram registradas, colonizando 15 espécies de forófitos. A distribuição espacial dos forófitos e orquídeas foi agregada. Os forófitos colonizados por orquídeas apresentaram altura e Diâmetro a Altura do Peito (DAP), significativamente maiores que demais forófitos. O ritidoma do tipo rugoso foi o mais comum em forófitos colonizados por orquídeas. Drimys angustifolia (Winteraceae) e Myrceugenia euosma (Myrtaceae) foram as principais espécies forofíticas, cruciais para a manutenção da assembleia de orquídeas neste local. As informações deste manuscrito destacam a proteção in situ de Cattleya coccinea, mediante a abundância dela no local. Estas informações irão beneficiar diretamente a conservação e restauração de assembleias biológicas com características semelhantes a este local.
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Lu HZ, Brooker R, Song L, Liu WY, Sack L, Zhang JL, Yu FH. When facilitation meets clonal integration in forest canopies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:135-142. [PMID: 31571219 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored how - within the same system - clonality and positive plant-plant interactions might interact to regulate plant community composition. Canopy-dwelling epiphytes in species-rich forests provide an ideal system for studying this because many epiphytic vascular plants undertake clonal growth and because vascular epiphytes colonize canopy habitats after the formation of nonvascular epiphyte (i.e. bryophyte and lichen) mats. We investigated how clonal integration of seven dominant vascular epiphytes influenced inter-specific interactions between vascular epiphytes and nonvascular epiphytes in a subtropical montane moist forest in southwest China. Both clonal integration and environmental buffering from nonvascular epiphytes increased survival and growth of vascular epiphytes. The benefits of clonal integration for vascular epiphytes were higher when nonvascular epiphytes were removed. Similarly, facilitation from nonvascular epiphytes played a more important role when clonal integration of vascular epiphytes was eliminated. Overall, clonal integration had greater benefits than inter-specific facilitation. This study provides novel evidence for interactive effects of clonality and facilitation between vascular and nonvascular species, and has implications for our understanding of a wide range of ecosystems where both high levels of clonality and facilitation are expected to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zheng Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rob Brooker
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Liang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China
| | - Wen-Yao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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Spruch L, Hellwig J, Zotz G, Blasius B. Modeling community assembly on growing habitat “islands”: a case study on trees and their vascular epiphyte communities. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-019-0425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Communities and Attachment Networks Associated with Primary, Secondary and Alternative Foundation Species; A Case Study of Stressed and Disturbed Stands of Southern Bull Kelp. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Southern bull kelps (Durvillaea spp., Fucales) are ‘primary’ foundation species that control community structures and ecosystem functions on temperate wave-exposed rocky reefs. However, these large foundation species are threatened by disturbances and stressors, including invasive species, sedimentation and heatwaves. It is unknown whether ‘alternative’ foundation species can replace lost southern bull kelps and its associated communities and networks. We compared community structure (by quantifying abundances of different species) and attachment-interaction networks (by quantifying which species were attached to other species) among plots dominated by Durvillaea spp. and plots where Durvillaea spp. were lost either through long-term repeated experimental removals or by recent stress from a marine heatwave. Long-term experimental removal plots were dominated by ‘alternative’ foundation species, the canopy-forming Cystophora spp. (Fucales), whereas the recent heatwave stressed plots were dominated by the invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales). A network analysis of attachment interactions showed that communities differed among plots dominated by either Durvillaea spp., Cystophora spp. or U. pinnatifida, with different relationships between the primary, or alternative, foundation species and attached epiphytic ‘secondary’ foundation species. For example, native Cystophora spp. were more important as hosts for secondary foundation species compared to Durvillaea spp. and U. pinnatifida. Instead, Durvillaea spp. facilitated encrusting algae, which in turn provided habitat for gastropods. We conclude that (a) repeated disturbances and strong stressors can reveal ecological differences between primary and alternative foundation species, (b) analyses of abundances and attachment-networks are supplementary methods to identify linkages between primary, alternative and secondary foundation species, and (c) interspersed habitats dominated by different types of foundation species increase system-level biodiversity by supporting different species-abundance patterns and species-attachment networks.
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Naranjo C, Iriondo JM, Riofrio ML, Lara-Romero C. Evaluating the structure of commensalistic epiphyte-phorophyte networks: a comparative perspective of biotic interactions. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz011. [PMID: 30996861 PMCID: PMC6462211 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epiphytic vascular plants comprise an essential part of the tropical flora and are a key component for ecosystem functioning. Some recent studies have used a network approach to investigate the interaction of epiphytes with host phorophytes at the community level. However, knowledge on commensalistic epiphyte-phorophyte network structure still lags behind with regard to other biotic interaction networks. Our goal was to provide a more complete overall perspective on commensalistic epiphyte-phorophyte interaction and its placement with respect to other better studied mutualistic interactions. We hypothesized that the intensity of the fitness effect of the different types of biotic interactions would determine the degree of specialization of the interacting organisms. Thus, commensalistic epiphyte-phorophyte interactions would have lower specialization than mutualistic interactions. We compiled and analysed the structural properties (nestedness, network specialization and modularity) of 12 commensalistic epiphyte-phorophyte networks and compared them with the same metrics to 11 ant-myrmecophyte, 86 pollination and 13 seed dispersal mutualistic networks. Epiphyte-phorophyte networks were nested and modular with regard to the corresponding null models and had greater nestedness than mutualistic networks, whereas specialization and modularity were significantly lower. Commensalistic epiphyte-phorophyte networks of interactions are both nested and modular, and hence, are structured in a similar way to most other types of networks that involve co-evolutionary interactions. Nevertheless, the nature and intensity of the ecological processes involved in the generation of these patterns is likely to differ. The lower values of modularity in commensalistic epiphyte-phorophyte networks are probably due to the low levels of specialization and the lack of co-evolutionary processes between the interacting partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Naranjo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja, Ecuador
| | - José M Iriondo
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, School of Experimental Sciences (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Riofrio
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Lara-Romero
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, School of Experimental Sciences (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Madrid, Spain
- Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (CSIC–IUB), Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
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12
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Marini L, Bartomeus I, Rader R, Lami F. Species–habitat networks: A tool to improve landscape management for conservation. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Dpto. Ecologia Integrativa Estacion Biologica de Dõnana (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Romina Rader
- Ecosystem Management School of Environment and Rural Sciences University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
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Zotarelli HGS, Molina JMP, Ribeiro JELS, Sofia SH. A commensal network of epiphytic orchids and host trees in an Atlantic Forest remnant: A case study revealing the important role of large trees in the network structure. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique G. S. Zotarelli
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecologia Animal; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid; km 380, 10011, 86057-
970 Londrina Brazil
| | - José M. P. Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina Brazil
| | - José E. L. S. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina Brazil
| | - Silvia H. Sofia
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecologia Animal; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid; km 380, 10011, 86057-
970 Londrina Brazil
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14
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Francisco TM, Couto DR, Evans DM, Garbin ML, Ruiz-Miranda CR. Structure and robustness of an epiphyte-phorophyte commensalistic network in a neotropical inselberg. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Talitha M. Francisco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais; Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais; Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28035-200 Campos dos Goytacazes RJ Brazil
| | - Dayvid R. Couto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica); Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; São Cristóvão RJ Brazil
| | - Darren M. Evans
- School of Biology; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Mário L. Garbin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas; Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha ES Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Ruiz-Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais; Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais; Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28035-200 Campos dos Goytacazes RJ Brazil
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15
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Interaction type and intimacy structure networks between forest-dwelling organisms and their host trees. Basic Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Interaction network of vascular epiphytes and trees in a subtropical forest. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang X, Long W, Schamp BS, Yang X, Kang Y, Xie Z, Xiong M. Vascular Epiphyte Diversity Differs with Host Crown Zone and Diameter, but Not Orientation in a Tropical Cloud Forest. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158548. [PMID: 27391217 PMCID: PMC4938396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular epiphytes are important components of biological diversity in tropical forests. We measured the species richness and abundance of vascular epiphytes along four vertical crown zones and five horizontal orientations on 376 trees, as well as the diameter at breast height (DBH) of host trees in tropical cloud forests in Bawangling, Hainan, China. The relationship between vascular epiphyte species richness and host tree DBH was assessed using a generalized linear model. There were 1,453 vascular individual epiphytes attributed to 9 families, 24 genera and 35 species, with orchids and pteridophytes dominating. Both the species richness and abundance of epiphytes significantly differed among the four crown zones for all collections and each host tree, suggesting that vertical microhabitats contribute to the distribution of epiphytes on host trees. Neither epiphyte abundance nor species richness differed among the eastern, southern, western, and northern orientations for all host trees; however, both richness and abundance were significantly higher for epiphytes that encircled host tree trunks. This suggests that morphological and physiological characteristics of the tree, but not microclimates probably contribute to the distribution of epiphytes on host trees. Epiphyte species richness was positively correlated with tree DBH across the six host tree species studied, with increases in DBH among smaller trees resulting in larger increases in richness, while increases in DBH among larger host trees resulting in more modest increases in ephiphyte richness. Our findings contribute support for a positive relationship between epiphyte species richness and host tree DBH and provide important guidance for future surveys of epiphyte community development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Long
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Brandon S. Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2G4 Canada
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Menghui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
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Coyle JR. Intraspecific variation in epiphyte functional traits reveals limited effects of microclimate on community assembly in temperate deciduous oak canopies. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Coyle
- Dept of Biology; Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280 USA
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19
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Complex network analysis reveals novel essential properties of competition among individuals in an even-aged plant population. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Vertical gradients of light and humidity within forest canopies are major predictors of air plant distributions. Although this pattern was first recognized over 120 years ago, few studies have considered an additional axis of resource availability, which exists radially around the trunks of trees. Here, we explored the radial distributions of mistletoes and epiphytes in relation to gradients of light and humidity around the trunks of their south-temperate host trees. Additionally, we correlated microclimate occupancy with plant physiological responses to shifting resource availability. The radial distributions of mistletoes and epiphytes were highly directional, and related to the availability of light and humidity, respectively. Mistletoes oriented northwest, parallel to gradients of higher light intensity, temperature, and lower humidity. Comparatively, epiphytes oriented away from the sun to the southeast. The rate of CO2 assimilation in mistletoes and photochemical efficiency of epiphytes was highest in plants growing in higher light and humidity environments, respectively. However, the photosynthetic parameters of mistletoes suggest that they are also efficient at assimilating CO2 in lower light conditions. Our results bridge a key gap in our understanding of within-tree distributions of mistletoes and epiphytes, and raise further questions on the drivers of air plant distributions.
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21
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Marí MLG, Toledo JJ, Nascimento HEM, Zartman CE. Regional and Fine Scale Variation of Holoepiphyte Community Structure in Central Amazonian White-Sand Forests. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maikel L. G. Marí
- Department of Biodiversity (CBIO); National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Manaus C. P. 2223, CEP 69080-971 Amazonas Brazil
| | - José J. Toledo
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Federal University of Amapá; Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek Km 02 Jardim Marco Zero 68902280 Macapá AP Brazil
| | - Henrique E. M. Nascimento
- Department of Biodiversity (CBIO); National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Manaus C. P. 2223, CEP 69080-971 Amazonas Brazil
| | - Charles E. Zartman
- Department of Biodiversity (CBIO); National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Manaus C. P. 2223, CEP 69080-971 Amazonas Brazil
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22
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Freitas L, Salino A, Neto LM, Elias Almeida T, Mortara SR, Stehmann JR, Amorim AM, Guimarães EF, Coelho MN, Zanin A, Forzza RC. A comprehensive checklist of vascular epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest reveals outstanding endemic rates. PHYTOKEYS 2016; 58:65-79. [PMID: 26884706 PMCID: PMC4743015 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.58.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the geographic distribution of plants is essential to underpin the understanding of global biodiversity patterns. Vascular epiphytes are important components of diversity and functionality of Neotropical forests but, unlike their terrestrial counterparts, they are under-represented in large-scale diversity and biogeographic analyses. This is the case for the Atlantic Forest - one of the most diverse and threatened biomes worldwide. We provide the first comprehensive species list of Atlantic Forest vascular epiphytes; their endemism patterns and threatened species occurrence have also been analyzed. A list with 2,256 species of (hemi-)epiphytes - distributed in 240 genera and 33 families - is presented based on the updated Brazilian Flora Checklist. This represents more than 15% of the total vascular plant richness in the Atlantic Forest. Moreover, 256 species are included on the Brazilian Red List. More than 93% of the overall richness is concentrated in ten families, with 73% represented by Orchidaceae and Bromeliaceae species alone. A total of 78% of epiphytic species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to overall vascular plant endemism in this biome estimated at 57%. Among the non-endemics, 13% of epiphytic species also occur either in the Amazon or in the Cerrado - the other two largest biomes of Brazil - and only 8% are found in two or more Brazilian biomes. This pattern of endemism, in addition to available dated phylogenies of some genera, indicate the dominance of recent radiations of epiphytic groups in the Atlantic Forest, showing that the majority of divergences dating from the Pliocene onwards are similar to those that were recently reported for other Neotropical plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Marcio Amorim
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz e Herbário do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau
| | | | | | - Ana Zanin
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
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Zhao M, Geekiyanage N, Xu J, Khin MM, Nurdiana DR, Paudel E, Harrison RD. Structure of the epiphyte community in a tropical montane forest in SW China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122210. [PMID: 25856457 PMCID: PMC4391920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular epiphytes are an understudied and particularly important component of tropical forest ecosystems. However, owing to the difficulties of access, little is known about the properties of epiphyte-host tree communities and the factors structuring them, especially in Asia. We investigated factors structuring the vascular epiphyte-host community and its network properties in a tropical montane forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China. Vascular epiphytes were surveyed in six plots located in mature forests. Six host and four micro-site environmental factors were investigated. Epiphyte diversity was strongly correlated with host size (DBH, diameter at breast height), while within hosts the highest epiphyte diversity was in the middle canopy and epiphyte diversity was significantly higher in sites with canopy soil or a moss mat than on bare bark. DBH, elevation and stem height explained 22% of the total variation in the epiphyte species assemblage among hosts, and DBH was the most important factor which alone explained 6% of the variation. Within hosts, 51% of the variation in epiphyte assemblage composition was explained by canopy position and substrate, and the most important single factor was substrate which accounted for 16% of the variation. Analysis of network properties indicated that the epiphyte host community was highly nested, with a low level of epiphyte specialization, and an almost even interaction strength between epiphytes and host trees. Together, these results indicate that large trees harbor a substantial proportion of the epiphyte community in this forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia Office, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Nalaka Geekiyanage
- Laboratory of Tropical Forest Resources and Environments, Division of Forest and Biomaterial Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia Office, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Dian Ridwan Nurdiana
- Cibodas Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ekananda Paudel
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia Office, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rhett Daniel Harrison
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia Office, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail:
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Wagner K, Mendieta-Leiva G, Zotz G. Host specificity in vascular epiphytes: a review of methodology, empirical evidence and potential mechanisms. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plu092. [PMID: 25564514 PMCID: PMC4306756 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Information on the degree of host specificity is fundamental for an understanding of the ecology of structurally dependent plants such as vascular epiphytes. Starting with the seminal paper of A.F.W. Schimper on epiphyte ecology in the late 19th century over 200 publications have dealt with the issue of host specificity in vascular epiphytes. We review and critically discuss this extensive literature. The available evidence indicates that host ranges of vascular epiphytes are largely unrestricted while a certain host bias is ubiquitous. However, tree size and age and spatial autocorrelation of tree and epiphyte species have not been adequately considered in most statistical analyses. More refined null expectations and adequate replication are needed to allow more rigorous conclusions. Host specificity could be caused by a large number of tree traits (e.g. bark characteristics and architectural traits), which influence epiphyte performance. After reviewing the empirical evidence for their relevance, we conclude that future research should use a more comprehensive approach by determining the relative importance of various potential mechanisms acting locally and by testing several proposed hypotheses regarding the relative strength of host specificity in different habitats and among different groups of structurally dependent flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wagner
- Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, AG Funktionelle Ökologie, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Glenda Mendieta-Leiva
- Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, AG Funktionelle Ökologie, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, AG Funktionelle Ökologie, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá
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25
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Abstract
The simplest and arguably the most ubiquitous pattern in seed dispersal mutualisms is size coupling: large frugivores tend to consume larger fruits and small frugivores tend to consume smaller fruits. Despite the simplicity of this pattern, the potential mechanisms responsible for fruit--frugivore size coupling are mechanistically divergent and poorly resolved. Size coupling could arise deterministically, if large frugivores actively seek out larger fruits to maximize their foraging efficiency. Alternatively, size coupling could also arise passively, if frugivores forage randomly, but are able to consume only those fruit species that are smaller than their gape width. I observed birds forage for fruits in a New Zealand forest reserve at approximately five-day intervals for six years to test for fruit--frugivore size coupling. I then derived a suite of network analyses to establish whether fruit--frugivore size coupling was best explained by active or passive foraging by frugivores. Results showed a strikingly strong pattern in size coupling; the average size of fruits consumed by each frugivore species increased with their maximum gape width. Simulation analyses revealed that over 70% of variation in interaction frequencies in the observed fruit-frugivore web could be explained by a size-constrained, passive, foraging model. Foraging models in which birds foraged actively for different-sized fruits to improve their foraging efficiency performed more poorly. Results were therefore consistent with the hypothesis that apparently nonrandom patterns in seed dispersal mutualisms can sometimes arise from simple stochastic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Burns
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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26
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Teodoro GS, van den Berg E, Arruda R. Metapopulation dynamics of the mistletoe and its host in savanna areas with different fire occurrence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65836. [PMID: 23776554 PMCID: PMC3679148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mistletoes are aerial hemiparasitic plants which occupy patches of favorable habitat (host trees) surrounded by unfavorable habitat and may be possibly modeled as a metapopulation. A metapopulation is defined as a subdivided population that persists due to the balance between colonization and extinction in discrete habitat patches. Our aim was to evaluate the dynamics of the mistletoe Psittacanthus robustus and its host Vochysia thyrsoidea in three Brazilian savanna areas using a metapopulation approach. We also evaluated how the differences in terms of fire occurrence affected the dynamic of those populations (two areas burned during the study and one was fire protected). We monitored the populations at six-month intervals. P. robustus population structure and dynamics met the expected criteria for a metapopulation: i) the suitable habitats for the mistletoe occur in discrete patches; (ii) local populations went extinct during the study and (iii) colonization of previously non-occupied patches occurred. The ratio of occupied patches decreased in all areas with time. Local mistletoe populations went extinct due to two different causes: patch extinction in area with no fire and fire killing in the burned areas. In a burned area, the largest decrease of occupied patch ratios occurred due to a fire event that killed the parasites without, however, killing the host trees. The greatest mortality of V. thyrsoidea occurred in the area without fire. In this area, all the dead trees supported mistletoe individuals and no mortality was observed for parasite-free trees. Because P. robustus is a fire sensitive species and V. thyrsoidea is fire tolerant, P. robustus seems to increase host mortality, but its effect is lessened by periodic burning that reduces the parasite loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazielle Sales Teodoro
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.
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27
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Jian PY, Hu FS, Wang CP, Chiang JM, Lin TC. Ecological facilitation between two epiphytes through drought mitigation in a subtropical rainforest. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64599. [PMID: 23741346 PMCID: PMC3669308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive species interactions (facilitation) play an important role in shaping the structures and species diversity of ecological communities, particularly under stressful environmental conditions. Epiphytes in rainforests often grow in multiple-species clumps, suggesting interspecies facilitation. However, little is known about the patterns and mechanisms of epiphyte co-occurrence. We assessed the interactions of two widespread epiphyte species, Asplenium antiquum and Haplopteris zosterifolia, by examining their co-occurrence and size-class association in the field. To elucidate factors controlling their interactions, we conducted reciprocal-removal and greenhouse-drought experiments, and nutrient and isotope analyses. Forty-five percent of H. zosterifolia co-occurred with A. antiquum, whereas only 17% of A. antiquum co-occurred with H. zosterifolia. Removing the fronds plus substrate of A. antiquum reduced the relative frond length and specific leaf area of H. zosterifolia, but removing fronds only had little effect. Removing H. zosterifolia had no significant effects on the growth of A. antiquum. H. zosterifolia co-occurring and not co-occurring with A. antiquum had similar foliar nutrient concentrations and δ15N values, suggesting that A. antiquum does not affect the nutrient status of H. zosterifolia. Reduced growth of H. zosterifolia with the removal of A. antiquum substrate, together with higher foliar δ13C for H. zosterifolia growing alone than those co-occurring with A. antiquum, suggest that A. antiquum enhances water availability to H. zosterifolia. This enhancement probably resulted from water storage in the substrate of A. antiquum, which could hold water up to 6.2 times its dry weight, and from reduced evapotranspiration due to shading of A. antiquum fronds. Greater water loss occurred in the frond-clipped group than the unclipped group between days 3–13 of the drought treatment. Our results imply that drought mitigation by substrate-forming epiphytes is important for maintaining epiphyte diversity in tropic and subtropic regions with episodic water limitations, especially in the context of anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Jian
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng Sheng Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Jyh-min Chiang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Chiu Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Sáyago R, Lopezaraiza-Mikel M, Quesada M, Álvarez-Añorve MY, Cascante-Marín A, Bastida JM. Evaluating factors that predict the structure of a commensalistic epiphyte-phorophyte network. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20122821. [PMID: 23407832 PMCID: PMC3574374 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A central issue in ecology is the understanding of the establishment of biotic interactions. We studied the factors that affect the assembly of the commensalistic interactions between vascular epiphytes and their host plants. We used an analytical approach that considers all individuals and species of epiphytic bromeliads and woody hosts and non-hosts at study plots. We built models of interaction probabilities among species to assess if host traits and abundance and spatial overlap of species predict the quantitative epiphyte-host network. Species abundance, species spatial overlap and host size largely predicted pairwise interactions and several network metrics. Wood density and bark texture of hosts also contributed to explain network structure. Epiphytes were more common on large hosts, on abundant woody species, with denser wood and/or rougher bark. The network had a low level of specialization, although several interactions were more frequent than expected by the models. We did not detect a phylogenetic signal on the network structure. The effect of host size on the establishment of epiphytes indicates that mature forests are necessary to preserve diverse bromeliad communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sáyago
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, México
- Unidad Académica en Desarrollo Sustentable, Campus Costa Grande, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Carretera Nacional Acapulco Zihuatanejo Km 106+900, Colonia Las Tunas, Tecpan de Galeana, Guerrero 40900, México
| | - Martha Lopezaraiza-Mikel
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, México
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, México
| | - Mariana Yolotl Álvarez-Añorve
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, México
| | | | - Jesus Ma. Bastida
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, México
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29
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Brewster LB, Ackerman JD. Spatial Distribution of Orchid Species in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. CARIBB J SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v47i1.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Blick RAJ, Burns KC, Moles AT. Dominant network interactions are not correlated with resource availability: a case study using mistletoe host interactions. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Löbel S, Snäll T, Rydin H. Epiphytic bryophytes near forest edges and on retention trees: reduced growth and reproduction especially in old-growth-forest indicator species. J Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Löbel
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D; SE-752 36; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - Tord Snäll
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Box 7044; SE-75007; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - Håkan Rydin
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D; SE-752 36; Uppsala; Sweden
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32
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Kisel Y, Moreno-Letelier AC, Bogarín D, Powell MP, Chase MW, Barraclough TG. TESTING THE LINK BETWEEN POPULATION GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AND CLADE DIVERSIFICATION IN COSTA RICAN ORCHIDS. Evolution 2012; 66:3035-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Woods CL, DeWalt SJ. The Conservation Value of Secondary Forests for Vascular Epiphytes in Central Panama. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Woods
- Department of Biological Sciences; Clemson University; Clemson SC 29634 U.S.A
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34
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35
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Blick RAJ, Burns KC, Moles AT. Predicting network topology of mistletoe-host interactions: do mistletoes really mimic their hosts? OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Finley A, Dorigatti I, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Harwood T, Jeger MJ, Xu X, Holdenrieder O, Pautasso M. Networks in plant epidemiology: from genes to landscapes, countries, and continents. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 101:392-403. [PMID: 21062110 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-10-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing use of networks in ecology and epidemiology, but still relatively little application in phytopathology. Networks are sets of elements (nodes) connected in various ways by links (edges). Network analysis aims to understand system dynamics and outcomes in relation to network characteristics. Many existing natural, social, and technological networks have been shown to have small-world (local connectivity with short-cuts) and scale-free (presence of super-connected nodes) properties. In this review, we discuss how network concepts can be applied in plant pathology from the molecular to the landscape and global level. Wherever disease spread occurs not just because of passive/natural dispersion but also due to artificial movements, it makes sense to superimpose realistic models of the trade in plants on spatially explicit models of epidemic development. We provide an example of an emerging pathosystem (Phytophthora ramorum) where a theoretical network approach has proven particularly fruitful in analyzing the spread of disease in the UK plant trade. These studies can help in assessing the future threat posed by similar emerging pathogens. Networks have much potential in plant epidemiology and should become part of the standard curriculum.
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