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Lafaurie GI, Sabogal MA, Contreras A, Castillo DM, Gualtero DF, Avila JD, Trujillo TG, Duque A, Giraldo A, Duarte S, Gutierrez SJ, Ardila CM. Factors Associated with the Extent of Clinical Attachment Loss in Periodontitis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7043. [PMID: 37998274 PMCID: PMC10671280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis has significant public health implications, affecting individuals' overall health, well-being, and quality of life. This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with the extent of clinical attachment loss (CAL) in a population diagnosed with periodontitis. Six hundred and sixty-seven patients with different degrees of CAL (mild, n = 223; moderate, n = 256; and advanced, n = 188) were enrolled. Socio-demographics, lifestyle, microbiological profiles, specific immune response, obesity, and single-nucleotide polymorphism of the IL1 gene were determined. Unconditional logistic regression models were conducted to determine the factors associated with the extent of CAL. Aging, smoking, microbial factors, plaque index, and IgG2 antibodies against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were associated with advanced CAL. IgG2 antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR 1.50; CI 95% 1.23-1.81), plaque accumulation (OR 2.69; CI 95% 2.20-3.29), Porphyromonas gingivalis (OR 1.93; CI 95% 1.35-2.76), Tanerella forsythia (OR 1.88; CI 95%1.30-2.70), and current smoking (OR 1.94; CI 95% 1.31-2.87) were associated with advanced CAL. Gene IL polymorphisms, obesity, and stress were not associated with the extent of CAL. Aging, plaque accumulation, smoking, and having antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans were the most critical factors associated with advanced CAL. In contrast, obesity, stress, and gene polymorphisms were not associated with the extent of CAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University, Bogota 11001, Colombia or (G.I.L.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.C.); (D.F.G.); (J.D.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - María Alejandra Sabogal
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University, Bogota 11001, Colombia or (G.I.L.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.C.); (D.F.G.); (J.D.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Adolfo Contreras
- Periodontal Medicine Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia; (A.C.); (S.J.G.)
| | - Diana Marcela Castillo
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University, Bogota 11001, Colombia or (G.I.L.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.C.); (D.F.G.); (J.D.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Diego Fernando Gualtero
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University, Bogota 11001, Colombia or (G.I.L.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.C.); (D.F.G.); (J.D.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Juliette De Avila
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University, Bogota 11001, Colombia or (G.I.L.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.C.); (D.F.G.); (J.D.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Tamy Goretty Trujillo
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University, Bogota 11001, Colombia or (G.I.L.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.C.); (D.F.G.); (J.D.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Andrés Duque
- Research Group in Basic Sciences and Clinical Dentistry, CES University, Medellin 050021, Colombia; (A.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Astrid Giraldo
- Research Group in Basic Sciences and Clinical Dentistry, CES University, Medellin 050021, Colombia; (A.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Duarte
- Dental Research Center-CIO, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110311, Colombia;
| | | | - Carlos Martín Ardila
- Biomedical Stomatology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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Rams TE, Contreras A, Slots J. Aggressive periodontitis in southwestern American Indian adolescents. J Periodontol 2023. [PMID: 37910464 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determined the prevalence of aggressive (molar-incisor pattern) (Ag/MI) periodontitis and assessed the associated subgingival bacterial-herpesvirus microbiota in Pueblo Indian adolescents in the southwestern United States. METHODS The study included 240 Pueblo Indian adolescents, aged 13-20 years old, residing in three Rio Grande River villages in New Mexico and the Hopi Pueblo reservation in Arizona. Adolescents with Ag/MI periodontitis or periodontal health provided subgingival samples for culture of bacterial pathogens and for polymerase chain reaction detection of periodontal herpesviruses. RESULTS Ag/MI periodontitis was detected in 22 (9.2%) Pueblo Indian adolescents, with 21 exhibiting a localized molar-incisor breakdown pattern. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and other red/orange complex bacterial pathogens predominated in Ag/MI periodontitis, whereas periodontal health yielded mainly viridans streptococci and Actinomyces species. Periodontal herpesviruses demonstrated a 3.5 odds ratio relationship with Ag/MI periodontitis. The only adolescent with generalized Ag/MI periodontitis harbored viral co-infection by cytomegalovirus plus Epstein-Barr virus Type 1, in addition to A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and several other periodontopathic bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Pueblo Indian adolescents showed an unusually high prevalence of early-age Ag/MI periodontitis predominated by periodontopathic bacteria and herpesviruses suspected to be major etiologic agents of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Rams
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adolfo Contreras
- Periodontal Medicine Research Group, Department of Periodontology, Universidad del Valle School of Dentistry, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jørgen Slots
- Division of Periodontology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yamazaki E, Yazawa S, Shimada T, Tamura K, Saga Y, Itamochi M, Inasaki N, Hasegawa S, Morinaga Y, Oishi K, Tani H. Activation of SARS-CoV-2 by trypsin-like proteases in the clinical specimens of patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11632. [PMID: 37468582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and/or transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2). In this study, we investigated whether proteases increased SARS-CoV-2 infectivity using pseudotyped viruses and clinical specimens from patients with COVID-19. First, we investigated how trypsin increased infectivity using the pseudotyped virus. Our findings revealed that trypsin increased infectivity after the virus was adsorbed on the cells, but no increase in infectivity was observed when the virus was treated with trypsin. We examined the effect of trypsin on SARS-CoV-2 infection in clinical specimens and found that the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant increased 36,000-fold after trypsin treatment. By contrast, the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant increased to less than 20-fold in the clinical specimens. Finally, using five clinical specimens containing delta variants, enhancement of viral infectivity was evaluated in the presence of the culture supernatant of several anaerobic bacteria. As a result, viral infectivities of all the clinical specimens containing culture supernatants of Fusobacterium necrophorum were significantly increased from several- to tenfold. Because SARS-CoV-2 infectivity increases in the oral cavity, which may contain anaerobic bacteria, keeping the oral cavities clean may help prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Hasegawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan.
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Lafaurie GI, Castillo DM, Iniesta M, Sanz M, Gómez LA, Castillo Y, Pianeta R, Delgadillo NA, Neuta Y, Diaz-Báez D, Herrera D. Differential analysis of culturable and unculturable subgingival target microorganisms according to the stages of periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:3029-3043. [PMID: 36806930 PMCID: PMC10264511 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Culturable and unculturable microorganisms have been associated with periodontitis. Their differential proportions and composition have not been evaluated by their severity and complexity defined by stages in the 2018 AAP-EEP classification. METHODS One hundred eighty subgingival biofilm samples were collected in Spain and Colombia from subjects categorized as health/gingivitis: periodontitis stages I/II periodontitis stages III/IV. Target culturable microorganisms (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Eubacterium nodatum) and target unculturable microorganisms (Filifactor alocis, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium brachy, Desulfobulbus oralis) were evaluated by quantitative PCR analysis. In addition, their differences and association with periodontal status were analyzed by ANCOVA and logistic regression models once adjusted to age, current smoking, and country. RESULTS P. gingivalis was significantly associated with periodontitis stages I/II, OR 2.44 (CI 95% 1.08-5.47) and stages III/V, OR 6.43 (CI 95% 2.43-16.9). T forsythia, OR 7.53 (CI 95% 2.07-27.4); D. oralis, OR 5.99 (CI 95% 2.71-13.23); F. alocis, OR 10.9 (CI 95% 4.56-23.2); E. brachy, 3.57 (CI 95% 1.40-9.11); and E. saphenum, 4.85 (CI 95% 1.99-11.7) were significantly associated only with stages III/IV periodontitis. P. gingivalis evidenced significant differences with the increase in the severity of the periodontal lesion: 2.97 colony forming unit (CFU)/μL (CI 95% 2.32-3.54) health/gingivitis, and 4.66 CFU/μL (CI 95% 4.03-5.30) and 5.90 CFU/μL (CI 95% 5.20-6.48) in stages I/II and III/IV respectively (p < 0.0001). Unculturable microorganisms only evidenced differences in concentration in stages III/IV compared with health-gingivitis (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Culturable and unculturable are strongly associated with stages III/IV periodontitis. Classic culturable microorganisms are more sensitive to differentiate between stages of periodontitis in the quantitative analysis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Future interventional studies of periodontal disease should include Filifactor alocis, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium brachy, and Desulfobulbus oralis as possible markers of therapy response and as indicators of progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Castillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Margarita Iniesta
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Amparo Gómez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yormaris Castillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Roquelina Pianeta
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- School of Dentistry, Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Andrea Delgadillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yineth Neuta
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David Diaz-Báez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Loaiza Oliva M, Morales Uchima SM, Puerta Suárez J, Mesa Arango AC, Martínez Pabón MC. Lippia origanoides derivatives in vitro evaluation on polymicrobial biofilms: Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Candida albicans. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105656. [PMID: 36827930 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work evaluated the Lippia origanoides derivatives in vitro effect on polymicrobial biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Candida albicans. Additionally, the cytotoxic effect of the oils on human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament (FLP) cell lines was evaluated. DESIGN The minimum inhibitory concentration, the inhibitory activity on monomicrobial (S. mutans) and polymicrobial biofilm (S. mutans, L. rhamnosus and C. albicans) of L. origanoides four essential oils and terpenes (thymol and carvacrol) were evaluated. The cytotoxic effect of each one of the compounds was measured, and all the tests were compared against chlorhexidine. RESULTS All the evaluated compounds reached an inhibition percentage of S. mutans monomicrobial biofilms formation of 100 % at 600 µg/mL (p < 0.0001). The highest concentration (2 MIC) eradicated 100 % of S. mutans-preformed biofilms after 5 min L. origanoides carvacrol + thymol and thymol chemotypes showed marked reductions in topography, the number of microbial cells and extracellular matrix on polymicrobial biofilm. The cytotoxic effect of the compounds was very similar to chlorhexidine. CONCLUSIONS L. origanoides essential oils have an inhibitory effect on mono and polymicrobial biofilms. The oils present a similar cytotoxic effect to chlorhexidine on HaCaT and FLP cell lines. However, including these compounds in formulations for clinical use is an exciting proposal yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Loaiza Oliva
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Jenniffer Puerta Suárez
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Cecilia Mesa Arango
- Group of Investigative Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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High Levels of Leptin and Adipsin Are Associated with Clinical Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Overweight and Periodontal Infection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061126. [PMID: 36980434 PMCID: PMC10047025 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are potential biomarkers of disease activity, periodontitis, and obesity. The aim of this was to establish the association between adipokine profile, RA disease activity, body mass index, and periodontal infection. This study evaluated 51 patients with early-RA and 51 controls including serum rheumatological markers, adipokine levels, detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and serum anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis antibodies, clinical and periodontal measurements. Statistical analyses were run with SPSS® V26, with a logistic regression model to confirm associations. The results show high levels of leptin were more frequent in patients (p = 0.001) who simultaneously showed a higher frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.004). Patients with concomitant presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, high clinical activity score, and overweight were correlated with high levels of leptin (OR, 7.20; 95% CI, 2.68–19.33; p = 0.0001) and adipsin (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.00–7.28; p = 0.005). The conclusion is that high levels of leptin and adipsin are associated with greater clinical activity in early-RA patients with overweight and periodontal infection, whereby overweight and Porphyromonas gingivalis may enhance RA activity. This may represent a pathological mechanism between these conditions, where adipokines seem to have a key role.
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Castillo Y, Delgadillo NA, Neuta Y, Hernández A, Acevedo T, Cárdenas E, Montaño A, Lafaurie GI, Castillo DM. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Resistance Genes in Oral Clinical Isolates of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella melaninogenica. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070888. [PMID: 35884141 PMCID: PMC9312306 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Prevotella genus is a normal constituent of the oral microbiota, and is commonly isolated from mechanically treated polymicrobial infections. However, antibiotic treatment is necessary for some patients. This study compared the antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of resistance genes in clinical oral isolates of P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. melaninogenica. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the agar dilution method. PCR confirmed the species and resistance gene frequency in the Prevotella species. The frequencies of species P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. melaninogenica were 30.2%, 45.7%, and 24.1%, respectively. No isolates of P. intermedia were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, or clindamycin. P. nigrescens and P. melaninogenica were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and tetracycline at frequencies of 40% and 20%, respectively. P. intermedia was resistant to metronidazole at a frequency of 30%, P. nigrescens at 20%, and P. melaninogenica at 40%. P. nigrescens and P. melaninogenica were resistant to 50% and 10% clindamycin, respectively. The gene most frequently detected was tetQ, at 43.3%, followed by tetM at 36.6%, blaTEM at 26.6%, ermF at 20%, cfxA, cfxA2, and nimAB at 16.6%, and nimAEFI at 3.3%. P. nigrescens was the species with the highest resistance to antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and clindamycin, in addition to being the species with the largest number of genes compared to P. intermedia and P. melaninogenica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yormaris Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Andrea Delgadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yineth Neuta
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Hernández
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tania Acevedo
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edwin Cárdenas
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Montaño
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
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Kim YT, Jeong J, Mun S, Yun K, Han K, Jeong SN. Comparison of the oral microbial composition between healthy individuals and periodontitis patients in different oral sampling sites using 16S metagenome profiling. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2022; 52:394-410. [PMID: 36302646 PMCID: PMC9614179 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2200680034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the microbial composition of 3 types of oral samples through 16S metagenomic sequencing to determine how to resolve some sampling issues that occur during the collection of sub-gingival plaque samples. Methods In total, 20 subjects were recruited. In both the healthy and periodontitis groups, samples of saliva and supra-gingival plaque were collected. Additionally, in the periodontitis group, sub-gingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest periodontal pocket. After DNA extraction from each sample, polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed on the V3-V4 hypervariable region on the 16S rRNA gene, followed by metagenomic sequencing and a bioinformatics analysis. Results When comparing the healthy and periodontitis groups in terms of alpha-diversity, the saliva samples demonstrated much more substantial differences in bacterial diversity than the supra-gingival plaque samples. Moreover, in a comparison between the samples in the case group, the diversity score of the saliva samples was higher than that of the supra-gingival plaque samples, and it was similar to that of the sub-gingival plaque samples. In the beta-diversity analysis, the sub-gingival plaque samples exhibited a clustering pattern similar to that of the periodontitis group. Bacterial relative abundance analysis at the species level indicated lower relative frequencies of bacteria in the healthy group than in the periodontitis group. A statistically significant difference in frequency was observed in the saliva samples for specific pathogenic species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia). The saliva samples exhibited a similar relative richness of bacterial communities to that of sub-gingival plaque samples. Conclusions In this 16S oral microbiome study, we confirmed that saliva samples had a microbial composition that was more similar to that of sub-gingival plaque samples than to that of supra-gingival plaque samples within the periodontitis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Tae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Dental Research, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea
- Daejeon Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Dental Research, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jinuk Jeong
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon, Korea
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
- Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon, Korea
- Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seong-Nyum Jeong
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Dental Research, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea
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Neelakandan A, Potluri R, Yadalam PK, Chakraborty P, Saravanan AV, Arunraj R. The Varied Proportion of Filifactor alocis in Periodontal Health and Disease in the South Indian Subpopulation. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:433-438. [PMID: 35068845 PMCID: PMC8740782 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_803_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The periodontal microbiome being complex, this study was aimed to detect and quantify the prevalence of Filifactor alocis in various stages of periodontitis and to evaluate its prospect as a diagnostic marker for periodontal disease. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Sixty subjects were selected (20 healthy controls, 20 with chronic periodontitis, and 20 with aggressive periodontitis) for the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical parameters probing depth and the level of clinical attachment was recorded, subgingival plaque samples were collected. The F. alocis 16srDNA was cloned, sequenced, and used as the standard for real-time quantification of bacterial load using SYBR green chemistry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Clinical, microbiological, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson's coefficient correlation. RESULTS (a) Real-time PCR analysis showed the highest average F. alocis count in chronic periodontitis subjects (32,409.85), which was followed by count in healthy controls (3046.15) and the least count in aggressive periodontitis subjects (939.84). The bacterial count was statistically significant at P = 0.005. (b) An intra-group comparison reveals that there was a statistically significant increase in the bacterial count with age and mean probing pocket depth at P = 0.0005. CONCLUSION F. alocis population in aggressive periodontitis was lower compared to chronic periodontitis and healthy controls. The F. alocis population surge in healthy controls may be due to geographical variations and the ethnicity of the subjects. A higher population of F. alocis in chronic periodontitis proves its high pathogenic potential to invade the host tissues to aid in further periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Neelakandan
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravishankar Potluri
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Yadalam
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyankar Chakraborty
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. V. Saravanan
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rex Arunraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Characterization of the Subgingival Cultivable Microbiota in Patients with Different Stages of Periodontitis in Spain and Colombia. A Cross-Sectional Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091940. [PMID: 34576835 PMCID: PMC8469102 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to characterize and compare the subgingival microbiota in patients diagnosed according to the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions 2018. For this cross-sectional study, Spanish and Colombian subjects (characterized as health/gingivitis, periodontitis in stages I-II or stages III-IV) were clinically assessed, and subgingival samples were taken and processed by culture. The comparisons among patients with periodontal status (and between countries) was made using Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, ANOVA and chi-square tests. The final sample consisted of 167 subjects. Eikenella corrodens and Parvimonas micra were more frequently detected in health/gingivitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontitis (p < 0.05). Higher total counts were observed in Colombia (p = 0.036). In Spain, significantly higher levels of P. gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus were observed, and of Tannerella forsythia, P. micra, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Capnocytophaga spp. in Colombia (p < 0.001). P. micra was more prevalent in health/gingivitis and stage I-II periodontitis in Colombia, and P. gingivalis in all periodontitis groups in Spain (p < 0.05). As conclusions, significant differences were detected in the microbiota between health/gingivitis and periodontitis, with minor differences between stages of periodontitis. Differences were also relevant between countries, with Colombia showing larger counts and variability of bacterial species.
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11
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Wallis C, Milella L, Colyer A, O'Flynn C, Harris S, Holcombe LJ. Subgingival microbiota of dogs with healthy gingiva or early periodontal disease from different geographical locations. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:7. [PMID: 33407419 PMCID: PMC7789547 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease of dogs worldwide and results from a complex interplay between plaque bacteria, the host and environmental factors. Recent studies have enhanced our understanding of the associations between the plaque microbiota and canine periodontal disease. These studies, however, were limited in their geographical reach. Thus associations between the canine oral microbiota and geographical location were investigated by determining the composition of subgingival plaque samples from 587 dogs residing in the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), China and Thailand using 454-pyrosequencing. RESULTS After quality filtering 6,944,757 sequence reads were obtained and clustering of these at ≥98% sequence resulted in 280 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) following exclusion of rare OTUs (present at < 0.05% in all four countries). The subgingival plaque from dog populations located in the UK, USA, China and Thailand had a similar composition although the abundance of certain taxa varied significantly among geographical locations. Exploration of the effect of clinical status and age revealed a marked similarity among the bacteria associated with increased age and those associated with gingivitis: Young dogs and those with no gingivitis were dominated by taxa from the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria whereas older dogs and those with moderate gingivitis were dominated by members of the Firmicutes. The plaque microbiota of small breed dogs was found to significantly differ to medium and large breeds and was dominated by species belonging to the Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS The bacterial associations with health, gingivitis and periodontitis were conserved across dogs from the UK, USA, China and Thailand. These bacterial signatures of periodontal health and disease have potential as biomarkers for disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wallis
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - L Milella
- The Veterinary Dental Surgery, Byfleet, Surrey, UK
| | - A Colyer
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - C O'Flynn
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - S Harris
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - L J Holcombe
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
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12
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Gómez LA, De Avila J, Castillo DM, Montenegro DA, Trujillo TG, Suárez LJ, Lafaurie GI. Porphyromonas gingivalis Placental Atopobiosis and Inflammatory Responses in Women With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591626. [PMID: 33343532 PMCID: PMC7738622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome modulates inflammation at the fetal maternal interface on both term and preterm labor. Inflammophilic oral bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as urogenital microorganisms (UGM) could translocate to the placenta and activate immune mechanisms in decidual tissue that is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). This study establishes the associations between the presence of microbes in the placenta and placental cytokine patterns in women who presented APO, e.g., low birth weight (LBW), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm birth (PTB) and other clinical signs related to Chorioamnionitis (CA). A total of 40 pregnant women were included in the study and divided into five groups according to placental infection (PI) and APO, as follows: (1) women without PI and without APO (n = 17), (2) women with P. gingivalis-related PI and APO (n = 5), (3) women with P. gingivalis-related PI and without APO (n = 4), (4) women with PI related to UGM and APO (n = 5) and (5) women without PI with APO (n = 9). Obstetric, clinical periodontal status evaluation, and subgingival plaque sampling were performed at the time of delivery. Placental levels of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-12p70, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 α (MCP-1α), granzyme B, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were determined using a multiplex flow cytometry assay. All patients showed a predominant Th-1 cytokine profile related to labor, characterized by IFN-γ overexpression. The analysis by groups suggests that Th-1 profile was trending to maintain cytotoxic cell activity by the expression of IL-15 and granzyme B, except for the group with P. gingivalis-related PI and APO, which exhibited a reduction of IL-10 and IL-17F cytokines (p < 0.05) and a Th-1 profile favoring macrophage activation by MCP-1 production (p < 0.05). This study confirms a pro-inflammatory pattern associated with labor, characterized by a Th-1 profile and the activity of cytotoxic cells, which is enhanced by PI with UGM. However, PI associated with P. gingivalis suggests a switch where the Th-1 profile favors an inflammatory response mediated by MCP-1 and macrophage activity as a mechanistic explanation of its possible relationship with adverse outcomes in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Amparo Gómez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigations-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliette De Avila
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Castillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigations-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Tammy Gorety Trujillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigations-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina J Suárez
- Basic Science and Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigations-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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13
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Nibali L, Sousa V, Davrandi M, Spratt D, Alyahya Q, Dopico J, Donos N. Differences in the periodontal microbiome of successfully treated and persistent aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:980-990. [PMID: 32557763 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary aim of this investigation was to analyse the periodontal microbiome in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) following treatment. METHODS Sixty-six AgP patients were recalled on average 7 years after completion of active periodontal treatment and had subgingival plaque samples collected and processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. RESULTS Of 66 participants, 52 showed persistent periodontal disease, while 13 participants were considered as "successfully treated AgP" (no probing pocket depths >4 mm) and 1 was fully edentulous. Genera associated with persistent generalized disease included Actinomyces, Alloprevotella, Capnocytophaga, Filifactor, Fretibacterium, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Mogibacterium, Saccharibacteria [G-1], Selenomonas and Treponema. "Successfully treated" patients harboured higher proportions of Haemophilus, Rothia, and Lautropia and of Corynebacterium, Streptococcus and Peptidiphaga genera. Overall, patients with persistent generalized AgP (GAgP) revealed higher alpha diversity compared to persistent localized AgP (LAgP) and stable patients (p < .001). Beta diversity analyses revealed significant differences only between stable and persistent GAgP groups (p = .004). CONCLUSION Patients with persistent AgP showed a more dysbiotic subgingival biofilm than those who have been successfully treated. It remains to be established whether such differences were predisposing to disease activity or were a result of a dysbiotic change associated with disease recurrence in the presence of sub-standard supportive periodontal therapy or other patient-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Sousa
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Mehmet Davrandi
- Microbial Diseases Department, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - David Spratt
- Microbial Diseases Department, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Qumasha Alyahya
- Periodontology Unit, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Jose Dopico
- Periodontics Department, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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14
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Montenegro SCL, Retamal-Valdes B, Bueno-Silva B, Duarte PM, Faveri M, Figueiredo LC, Feres M. Do patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis exhibit specific differences in the subgingival microbial composition? A systematic review. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1503-1520. [PMID: 32233092 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions grouped the diseases previously recognized as chronic (CP) or aggressive (AgP) periodontitis under a single category named periodontitis. The rationale for this decision was the lack of specific patterns of immune-inflammatory response or microbial profiles associated with CP or AgP. However, no previous studies have compiled the results of all studies comparing subgingival microbial data between these clinical conditions. Thus, this systematic review aimed to answer the following focused question: "Do patients with AgP periodontitis present differences in the subgingival microbiota when compared with patients with CP?" METHODS A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to June 2019 for studies of any design (except case reports, case series, and reviews) comparing subgingival microbial data from patients with CP and AgP. RESULTS A total of 488 articles were identified and 56 were included. Thirteen studies found Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans elevated in AgP in comparison with CP, while Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Campylobacter rectus were elevated in AgP in a few studies. None of these species were elevated in CP. However, the number of studies not showing statistically significant differences between CP and AgP was always higher than that of studies showing differences. CONCLUSION These results suggested an association of A. actinomycetemcomitans with AgP, but neither this species nor the other species studied to date were unique to or could differentiate between CP and AgP (PROSPERO #CRD42016039385).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belen Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Poliana Mendes Duarte
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Periodontology, School of Advanced Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
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15
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Salivary markers of oxidative stress and periodontal pathogens in patients with periodontitis from Santander, Colombia. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2020; 40:113-124. [PMID: 32463613 PMCID: PMC7449106 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontitis affects more than 20% of the Latin American population. Oxidative markers are associated with greater progression of periodontitis; therefore, its role in pathogenesis should be studied. Objective: To determine the prevalence of the main oral bacteria and viruses associated with periodontitis and estimate the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in saliva from patients with periodontitis. Materials and methods: We conducted systemically a cross-sectional study in 101 healthy subjects, 87 of whom had been diagnosed with periodontitis (P), according to the criteria of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology, and 14 without periodontal pockets as controls (C). In subgingival samples, major viruses and dental pathogenic bacteria were identified using PCR techniques. The levels of total antioxidant capacity and malon-di-aldehyde (MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry in samples of unstimulated saliva. Results: The mean of periodontal depth pocket and clinical attachment loss in patients with periodontitis was 5.6 ± 1.7 and 6.1 ± 3.1 mm, respectively. The most prevalent microorganisms were Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (32.5%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (18.6%). The patients from rural areas showed a higher percentage of A. actinomycetemcomitans (urban: 17.9% vs. rural: 48.9%, p=0.0018). In patients with periodontitis, the frequency of EBV, HSV1 & 2, and HCMV genes was 2.3%. Periodontitis patients had higher levels of MDA (P: 2.1 ± 1.5; C: 0.46 ± 0.3 µmol/g protein; p=0.0001) and total antioxidant capacity (P: 0.32 ± 0.2; C: 0.15 ± 0.1 mM; p< 0.0036). Oxidative markers showed no modifications due to the presence of periodontopathic bacteria. Conclusions: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was the most prevalent bacteria; its presence did not modify the levels of oxidative markers in the saliva of patients with periodontitis.
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16
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Pardo-Castaño C, Vásquez D, Bolaños G, Contreras A. Strong antimicrobial activity of collinin and isocollinin against periodontal and superinfectant pathogens in vitro. Anaerobe 2020; 62:102163. [PMID: 32007684 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis pathogenesis involves activation of host immune responses triggered by microbial dysbiosis. Therefore, controlling periodontal pathogens in-vivo is a main goal of periodontal therapy. New antimicrobials might help to control periodontal infection and improve treatment outcomes at "the dark times" of increasing antibiotic resistance. Here, we determined the biological activity of collinin and isocollinin against 8 bacterial strains. Antimicrobial activity of collinin and isocollinin, chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was evaluated against clinically relevant periodontal bacteria, like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Dialister pneumosintes strains and superinfectants like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, and Pseudomonasaeruginosa strains. A broth microdilution test was carried out to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of collinin and isocollinin against those strains, and bacterial viability was determined by resazurin assay at diverse concentration and exposure times. P. gingivalis was the most susceptible strain to collinin and isocollinin (MIC 2.1 μg/mL and 4.2 μg/mL respectively). Other periodontal pathogens showed MICs <17 μg/mL for collinin and MICs between 20 and 42 μg/mL for isocollinin, whereas CHX and NaClO showed MICs of 62 and 326 μg/mL, respectively. Collinin and isocollinin also exhibited antimicrobial activity against superinfectant bacteria (MIC < 21 and < 42 μg/mL, respectively). Overall, collinin and isocollinin showed a remarkable antibacterial activity against relevant periodontal and superinfective bacteria, especially against P. gingivalis (MIC 2.1 μg/mL and 4.2 μg/mL respectively) and the highly virulent P. aeruginosa (MIC 5.2 and 20.8 μg/mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Pardo-Castaño
- Applied Thermodynamic Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Daniel Vásquez
- Periodontal Medicine Research Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, 760043, Cali, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Bolaños
- Applied Thermodynamic Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Adolfo Contreras
- Periodontal Medicine Research Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, 760043, Cali, Colombia.
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17
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Cirino CCDS, Vale HFD, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Casarin RCV, Sallum AW. Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment of Aggressive Periodontitis. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:577-586. [PMID: 31800752 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate clinical and microbiological effects of surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapy in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) treatment. Sixteen GAgP patients were included in this randomized split-mouth design clinical trial. Maxillary quadrants were allocated into two groups: Nonsurgical Therapy (NST) and Surgical Therapy (ST). The following clinical parameters were assessed: plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing index (BoP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival margin position (GMP). Concentrations of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in the subgingival biofilm were also determined. Clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed at baseline (n=16), 3 (n=15), 6 (n=15) and 12 months (n=8) after treatment. ST was able to promote higher PD reduction compared to NST in deep pockets at 12 months (p<0.05) and in posterior teeth at 6 months (p<0.05). In addition, higher gingival recession was observed in posterior teeth of the ST group at the 6th month (p<0.05). However, ST failed to promoted additional CAL gain in any timepoint (p>0.05). Moreover, microbiological evaluation showed no statistical difference in levels of Aa and Pg for both groups at all follow-up periods. Surgical therapy promoted similar clinical benefits to GAgP therapy. Moreover, both therapies failed to reduce Aa and Pg levels at different follow-up times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camarinha da Silva Cirino
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Felipe do Vale
- Department of Periodontics, UEA - Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Márcio Zaffalon Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Enilson Antonio Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Wilson Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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18
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Viafara-Garcia SM, Gualtero DF, Avila-Ceballos D, Lafaurie GI. Eikenella corrodens lipopolysaccharide stimulates the pro-atherosclerotic response in human coronary artery endothelial cells and monocyte adhesion. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:476-484. [PMID: 30357941 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eikenella corrodens is a gram-negative bacterium, and although primarily associated with periodontal infections or infective endocarditis, it has been identified in coronary atheromatous plaques. The effect of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) is unknown. Our aim was to examine the mechanism underlying the inflammatory response in HCAECs stimulated with E. corrodens-LPS and to evaluate monocyte adhesion. Endothelial responses were determined by measuring the levels of chemokines and cytokines using flow cytometry. The surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was determined using a cell-based ELISA, and the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to HCAECs was also monitored. The involvement of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 was examined using TLR-neutralizing antibodies, and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 were measured by western blotting and ELISA, respectively. Eikenella corrodens-LPS increased secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and expression of ICAM-1 on the surface of HCAECs, consistent with the increased adhesion of THP-1 cells. Moreover, E. corrodens-LPS interacted with TLR4, a key receptor able to maintain the levels of IL-8, MCP-1, and GM-CSF in HCAECs. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and activation of NF-κB p65 were also increased. The results indicate that E. corrodens-LPS activates HCAECs through TLR4, ERK, and NF-κB p65, triggering a pro-atherosclerotic endothelial response and enhancing monocyte adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Viafara-Garcia
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego F Gualtero
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Avila-Ceballos
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gloria I Lafaurie
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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19
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Liu LS, Gkranias N, Farias B, Spratt D, Donos N. Differences in the subgingival microbial population of chronic periodontitis in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus-a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2743-2762. [PMID: 30306333 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence in the literature in regard to the subgingival microbial population of chronic periodontitis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM+PD) compared to non-diabetic subjects (NDM+PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted at Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE database from 1980 to 2016, supplemented by hand searching as needed. Studies presenting with at least one of the primary outcomes (presence of any subgingival microorganisms, proportion and/or the amount of any subgingival plaque bacteria in T2DM+PD versus NDM+PD) were included. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. RESULTS From 611 citations, 19 full-text papers were screened and 11 articles were included for critical appraisal by both reviewers. Some evidence of a difference in the microbial profile between chronic PD subjects with and without T2DM was identified. The strength of evidence is strongest in Tannerella forthysia (T .forsythia) which was reported to be less frequent in the diabetic (T2DM+PD) group in five of the studies, followed by a weaker strength of evidence for other periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), which were also found less frequent in the diabetic (T2DM+PD) group . CONCLUSION Only few studies have compared T2DM+PD with NDM+PD. It is therefore strongly recommended that further studies which include four distinct groups of participants (NDM+PD, T2DM+PD, NDM+NPD, T2DM+NPD) instead of using intra-subject comparisons between healthy and diseased sites of the same subjects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Differences in bacterial populations of T2DM+PD in comparison to NDM+PD subjects may indicate the need of different protocols for the treatment of the diabetic patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sun Liu
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Gkranias
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Turner Street, London, UK
| | - Bruna Farias
- Postgraduate Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Dave Spratt
- Microbiology Department, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Turner Street, London, UK.
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Antimicrobial Activity of Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes on Microorganisms Associated with Periodontal Disease. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:4147383. [PMID: 30356383 PMCID: PMC6176333 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4147383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease, where multiple bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum are implicated. The main purpose of researching natural products is to find substances or compounds with antimicrobial activity. Aim The objective of this work was to determine antimicrobial activity from extracts and obtained fractions from Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes on P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, and P. intermedia ATCC 25611. Methods Total ethanol extracts were obtained from both plants. Fractions were obtained from total ethanol extracts with amberlite as a stationary phase employing hexane, acetone, and ethanol-water as solvents. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization was performed on total ethanol extracts from both plants. Antimicrobial activity from total ethanol extracts and fractions from both plants were evaluated on P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, and P. intermedia ATCC by the well diffusion method with Wilkins-Chalgren agar. Results Piper marginatum Jacq total ethanol extract presented antimicrobial activity against all three bacteria, whereas Ilex guayusa Loes was only efficient against P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and P. intermedia ATCC 25611, with inhibition halos from 9.3 to 30 mm. Ilex guayusa Loes obtained fractions presented antimicrobial activity against all three microorganisms evaluated, with inhibition halos ranging from 9.7 to 18.7 mm. In regards to Piper marginatum Jacq fractions, inhibition halos were between 8.3 and 19 mm, against all three microorganisms evaluated; only hexane fraction did not present antimicrobial activity against F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Conclusion Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes total ethanol extracts and fractions presented outstanding antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, P. intermedia ATCC 25611, and F. nucleatum ATCC 25586.
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21
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Periodontal Pathogen Colonization in Young Children by PCR Quantification - A Longitudinal Survey. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 41:456-461. [PMID: 28937904 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-41.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal diseases are among the leading causes of premature tooth loss in adults, but the microbiota associated with this problem is established over time in childhood. AIM This longitudinal study aimed to verify the occurrence of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity of children aged six, twelve, eighteen and twenty-four months through PCR quantification, correlating them with the oral microbiota of their mothers. STUDY DESIGN Saliva and oral biofilm samples were collected from mothers and children by using sterilized paper points. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied in all periods to evaluate hygiene and dietary habits. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between mother-child pairs in all periods. No correlation was observed between hygiene and dietary habits and occurrence of periodontal pathogens. CONCLUSION Early inclusion of children in preventive and biofilm control programs could contribute to preventing acquisition of aggressive pathogens.
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22
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Setty S, Wadikar T, Suprith SS, Bhat K, Thakur S. Profiling of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotypes B and C and the genotypes in periodontal health and disease. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 35:543-550. [PMID: 29405147 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_17_115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A. actinomycetemcomitans is prevalent in periodontitis but is found in some periodontally healthy individuals as well. Certain serotypes of the organism have shown to determine severity of the disease. The distribution of serotype and genotype is affected by geographic and ethnic variation. Therefore, the present study was aimed to detect serotypes b & c of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the genotypes and find its correlation with periodontal status. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 75 subjects (25 aggressive periodontitis, 25 chronic periodontitis and 25 periodontally healthy) in age range of 14-55 yrs were included. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and checked for the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Following isolation of the organism, detection of the serotype b or c was done by multiplex PCR. Genotyping of A. actinomycetemcomitans was done by arbitrarily primed PCR(polymerase chain reaction). RESULTS Out of 75 plaque samples, 35(46.66%) tested positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Serotype c was detected in 19/35 (54.28%), whereas serotype b alone was not detected in any of the samples. Two samples were positive for both the serotypes (b and c) (5.71%) and 14 (40%) were untypeable. 14 different arbitrarily primed PCR genotypes were obtained among 35 A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. CONCLUSION Serotype c was predominant in periodontally diseased as well as periodontally healthy individuals. An association could be present between genotype - serotype and genotype - periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Setty
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Tanvee Wadikar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - S S Suprith
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinath Thakur
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
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Suprith SS, Setty S, Bhat K, Thakur S. Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in relation to periodontal status and assessment of leukotoxin in periodontal disease: A clinico-microbiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22:201-208. [PMID: 29962698 PMCID: PMC6009160 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_36_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) serotypes may add some important information of the pathogenetic background of periodontal infections. A.a leukotoxin is an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and its rate of progression. When compared to minimally leukotoxic strains, variants of A.a highly leukotoxic strains produce 10–20 times more leukotoxin. Aims: The aim of the present study was to detect serotypes a, b, c, d, and e of A.a its leukotoxin and find its correlation with periodontal status. Settings and Design: Microbiological analysis and cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 subjects (40 chronic periodontitis and 40 aggressive periodontitis) in the age range of 14–55 years were selected. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and checked for the presence of A.a. Following isolation of the organism, detection of the serotypes and leukotoxin assessment was done. Statistical Analysis Used: The proportions of A.a were calculated using descriptive statistics in terms of percentage. Chi-square test was used to find association between serotype, leukotoxin, and periodontal disease in individual group. Results: Out of 80 plaque samples, 45% tested positive for A.a. serotype b was detected in 33.33%, whereas serotype e in 8.33% samples and serotype c in 2.77% samples. Serotypes a and d were not detected in any of the samples. A combination of serotypes was seen in 47.22% of the sites. Of these 76.47% showed a combination of 2 serotypes, while 23.52%showed a combination of 3 serotypes. 8.33% showed untypable serotype. All samples had low-toxic variants of A.a. Conclusions: Serotype b and serotype e were predominant in chronic periodontitis, and serotype b was predominant in aggressive periodontitis. An association could be present between serotype and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Setty
- Department of Periodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Maratha Mandals Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinath Thakur
- Department of Periodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Bautista-Molano W, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Lafaurie GI, de Ávila J, Valle-Oñate R, Romero-Sanchez C. Is there a relationship between spondyloarthritis and periodontitis? A case-control study. RMD Open 2017; 3:e000547. [PMID: 29299339 PMCID: PMC5729302 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the frequency and severity of periodontitis in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) with healthy control individuals, through the evaluation of clinical, serological and microbiological periodontal condition. Methods Patients with a diagnosis of SpA (n=78) and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) naive fulfilling the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria as well as 156 healthy controls matched for age/gender were included. Two trained and calibrated periodontologists performed the periodontal clinical assessment. The presence of periodontitis and its severity were determined according to the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American Academy of Periodontology. The clinical periodontal variables, IgG1/IgG2 antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis andperiodontopathic bacterial identification, were also established. Comparisons of periodontal characteristics between the patients with SpA and the control group were performed using univariable analyses. A logistic regression analyses was performed to calculate the OR (95% CI) for diagnosis of periodontitis in patients with SpA and matched controls. Results A diagnosis of periodontitis was established in 56% in patients with SpA versus 69% of healthy controls (P≤ 0.01). Severe periodontitis was found in 3% versus 12% in SpA versus healthy controls, respectively (P≤ 0.01). There was no significant increase of frequency of any periodontal variable, IgG1/IgG2 antibodies against P. gingivalis or the presence of periodontopathic bacteria between patients with SpA and control group. Periodontitis was not positively associated with a diagnosis of SpA (OR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.00, P=0.05) in the logistic regression analyses. Conclusions We found a lower rather than a higher frequency and severity of periodontitis in patients with SpA in comparison with healthy control individuals. Our findings suggest that there is no positive association between SpA and periodontitis in Colombian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Bautista-Molano
- Rheumatology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Rheumatology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada and Hospital Militar, Bogota, Colombia.,Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Robert Landewé
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Zuyderland Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Gloria I Lafaurie
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliette de Ávila
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Valle-Oñate
- Rheumatology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada and Hospital Militar, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Consuelo Romero-Sanchez
- Rheumatology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada and Hospital Militar, Bogota, Colombia.,Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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25
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[Periodontal microbiota and microorganisms isolated from heart valves in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery in a clinic in Cali, Colombia]. BIOMEDICA 2017; 37:516-525. [PMID: 29373772 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i4.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is an infectious disease that affects the support tissue of the teeth and it is associated with different systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Microbiological studies facilitate the detection of microorganisms from subgingival and cardiovascular samples. OBJECTIVE To describe the cultivable periodontal microbiota and the presence of microorganisms in heart valves from patients undergoing valve replacement surgery in a clinic in Cali. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 30 subgingival and valvular tissue samples by means of two-phase culture medium, supplemented blood agar and trypticase soy agar with antibiotics. Conventional PCR was performed on samples of valve tissue. RESULTS The periodontal pathogens isolated from periodontal pockets were: Fusobacterium nucleatum (50%), Prevotella intermedia/ nigrescens (40%), Campylobacter rectus (40%), Eikenella corrodens (36.7%), Gram negative enteric bacilli (36.7%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (33.3%), and Eubacterium spp. (33.3%). The pathogens isolated from the aortic valve were Propionibacterium acnes (12%), Gram negative enteric bacilli (8%), Bacteroides merdae (4%), and Clostridium bifermentans (4%), and from the mitral valve we isolated P. acnes and Clostridium beijerinckii. Conventional PCR did not return positive results for oral pathogens and bacterial DNA was detected only in two samples. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal microbiota of patients undergoing surgery for heart valve replacement consisted of species of Gram-negative bacteria that have been associated with infections in extraoral tissues. However, there is no evidence of the presence of periodontal pathogens in valve tissue, because even though there were valve and subgingival samples positive for Gram-negative enteric bacilli, it is not possible to maintain they corresponded to the same phylogenetic origin.
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26
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Yussif NM, Hosny MM. Towards the targeted management of aggressive periodontitis. Med Hypotheses 2017; 103:124-127. [PMID: 28571797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nermin M Yussif
- Oral Diagnosis, Medicine & Periodontology Dept., Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Manal M Hosny
- Oral Diagnosis, Medicine & Periodontology Dept., Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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27
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Unriza-Puin S, Bautista-Molano W, Lafaurie GI, Valle-Oñate R, Chalem P, Chila-Moreno L, Bello-Gualtero JM, Romero-Sánchez C. Are obesity, ACPAs and periodontitis conditions that influence the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in first-degree relatives? Clin Rheumatol 2016; 36:799-806. [PMID: 28028684 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the body mass index (BMI), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) status and the presence of periodontitis and IgG-1/IgG-2 antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in the first-degree relatives (FDRs) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and compare these variables with a control group of healthy individuals from the general population. In total, 100 FDR individuals and 200 healthy controls matched by age and gender were included. Rheumatologic and periodontal assessment was performed, and the presence of ACPAs and anti-P. gingivalis antibodies was evaluated. Groupwise comparisons were analysed using the McNemar and Wilcoxon tests. A conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the associations between BMI, ACPAs and periodontitis in both groups. In the FDR group, 70% of the subjects were female, with a mean age of 37.3 ± 13 years. Obesity was observed in 17 and 7% of the FDRs and controls, respectively. ACPAs were found in 7% of the FDRs vs. 2.5% of the controls. Periodontitis was diagnosed in 79 and 56% of the FDRs and controls, respectively. Among the FDRs, 15% had severe periodontitis. There were associations in the FDR group related to the presence of obesity (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.03-8.28), ACPAs (OR 2.45, 95% CI 0.7-8.32) and periodontitis (OR 3.70 95% CI 1.89-7.29). Regarding anti-P. gingivalis antibodies and smoking history, no differences were found between the groups. Obesity, ACPAs and periodontitis (diagnosis and severity) can be considered as relevant conditions associated with the development of RA in FDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Unriza-Puin
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 # 131A 02, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Wilson Bautista-Molano
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 # 131A 02, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cra 5 # 49 00, Third Floor, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gloria I Lafaurie
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 # 131A 02, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Valle-Oñate
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Cra. 5 # 49 00, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Philippe Chalem
- Fundación Instituto de Reumatología Fernando Chalem, Calle 73 # 20A 21, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lorena Chila-Moreno
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 # 131A 02, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Manuel Bello-Gualtero
- School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cra 5 # 49 00, Third Floor, Bogotá, Colombia.,Rheumatology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Cra. 5 # 49 00, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Consuelo Romero-Sánchez
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 # 131A 02, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cra 5 # 49 00, Third Floor, Bogotá, Colombia.,Rheumatology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Cra. 5 # 49 00, Bogotá, Colombia
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Jaramillo A, Contreras A, Lafaurie GI, Duque A, Ardila CM, Duarte S, Osorio L. Association of metabolic syndrome and chronic periodontitis in Colombians. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1537-1544. [PMID: 27535794 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common chronic condition that increases the cardiovascular disease risk and is also linked to periodontitis. The study aim was to determine if a relationship exists between MetS and chronic periodontitis in adult Colombians. METHODS Participants were 220 healthy-gingivitis subjects and 431 periodontitis patients coming from the three largest Colombian cities. Periodontal status and MetS were determined in subjects. Univariate analysis and odds ratio were calculated within the 95 % confidence intervals and chi2 test compared the groups. Variables were compared among the clinical periodontal groups and MetS by Wilcoxon and multivariate analysis, and logistic regression was performed for MetS and periodontitis. RESULTS MetS had higher prevalence in periodontitis group (6.3 %) versus controls (3.2 %). In multivariate analysis, periodontitis was associated with MetS (adjusted OR = 2.72, 95 % CI 1.09-6.79), glucose intolerance with another component of MetS (adjusted OR = 1.78, 1.16 to 2.72), glucose resistance (adjusted OR = 11.46, 95 % CI 1.41-92.88), smoking (OR = 1.72, 95 % CI 1.09-2.71), and city of origin (2.69, 95 % CI 1.79-4.04). CONCLUSION The study confirmed the positive association between MetS and periodontitis, being glucose sensitivity the strongly associated component. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MetS must be taken into account by the dentist when evaluating risk factors for periodontitis, being useful for dentists to evaluate glycemia, lipidic profile, central obesity, and high blood pressure in patients. Interdisciplinary treatment must be recommended when a patient with MetS and periodontitis is being treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Jaramillo
- Periodontal Medicine Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Adolfo Contreras
- Periodontal Medicine Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Silvia Duarte
- Dental Research Center-CIO, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lyda Osorio
- Public Health School, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Joshi VM, Bhat KG, Kugaji MS, Ingalgi PS. Occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Indian chronic periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy adults. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:141-4. [PMID: 27143824 PMCID: PMC4847458 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.175171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), an important primary periodontal pathogen, is known for its strong virulence characteristics that cause periodontal disease. We investigated Aa occurrence in Indian individuals using culture and 16 s rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 100 participants each in the healthy and chronic periodontitis (CP) groups was conducted. The subgingival plaque was collected and immediately plated on selective media for Aa. The remaining plaque samples were used for DNA extraction. PCR was performed using specific primers for Aa. Statistical Analysis Used: The detection of bacteria and the clinical parameters between the groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test. For assessing the agreement between the results of anaerobic culture and PCR, Kappa analyses were performed. Results: Aa levels using culture and PCR was 51% and 69% in the CP group and 12% and 30% in the healthy group, respectively. The two groups showed significant differences (P < 0.00001). The detection accuracy of culture and PCR was assessed, and the coefficient of accuracy (k) was highly significant in the healthy (0.3103; P < 0.0001) and CP groups (0.1536; P < 0.0497). Conclusions: Aa was predominantly found in the CP group compared with the healthy group, which is consistent with previous findings. Our results showed that both techniques can be used for detecting Aa. An ideal technique for detecting subgingival microorganisms should be carefully selected depending on the scope of the intended future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Mahableshwar Joshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Gajanan Bhat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar Suresh Kugaji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Preeti Shivaji Ingalgi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
A paradigm shift several decades ago elucidated that aggressive periodontitis (AgP) was not a degenerative disorder but a rapid progressive form of plaque-induced inflammatory periodontal disease. Ensuing years of research have led to linkage analysis identification of specific genetic defects responsible for AgP in some families and to the finding that subgingival detection of A. actinomycet-emcomitans JP2 clone is a predictive factor for disease onset and progression. However, rather disappointingly, these ‘proven’ risk factors are only detected in a small subset of AgP cases. Recent advances are leading to a new paradigm shift, with the realization that genetically-driven dysbiotic changes in the subgingival microbiota may predispose to a cascade of events leading to the rapid periodontal tissue destruction seen in AgP. This review tries to dissect the existing literature on the host response-microbial axis of AgP and to propose possible pathogenic pathways in line with current theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- a Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research; UCL Eastman Dental Institute ; London , UK
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31
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Martinez-Canut P. Predictors of tooth loss due to periodontal disease in patients following long-term periodontal maintenance. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:1115-25. [PMID: 26498672 PMCID: PMC4737315 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse patient-related factors (PRFs) and tooth-related factors (TRFs) associated with tooth loss due to periodontal disease (TLPD) in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance (PM). MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample consisted of 500 patients (mean follow-up of 20 years). The impact of PRFs on TLPD was analysed with Poisson regression and multivariate logistic regression. The simultaneous impact of PRFs and TRFs was analysed with multilevel logistic regression and Cox regression. RESULTS Tooth loss due to periodontal disease was 515 (mean 0.05 patient/year). The significant PRFs were severe periodontitis (p < 0.001), aggressive periodontitis (p < 0.001), smoking (p = 0.018), bruxism (p = 0.022) and baseline number of teeth (p = 0.001). These PRFs allowed characterizing patients losing more teeth. The whole TRFs analysed were significant, depending on the type of tooth and the category of each factor (e.g. mobility 0, 1, 2, and 3). The significant PRFs increased the risk of TLPD by 2 to 3 times while TRFs increased the risk to a higher extent. Mobility was the main TRF. CONCLUSIONS Severe periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, smoking, bruxism and baseline number of teeth, as well as the whole TRFs analysed, were associated with TLPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martinez-Canut
- Department and institutions, Private practice, Valencia, Spain
- Former Director, Division of Periodontics, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
For decades, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been considered the most likely etiologic agent in aggressive periodontitis. Implementation of DNA-based microbiologic methodologies has considerably improved our understanding of the composition of subgingival biofilms, and advanced open-ended molecular techniques even allow for genome mapping of the whole bacterial spectrum in a sample and characterization of both the cultivable and not-yet-cultivable microbiota associated with periodontal health and disease. Currently, A. actinomycetemcomitans is regarded as a minor component of the resident oral microbiota and as an opportunistic pathogen in some individuals. Its specific JP2 clone, however, shows properties of a true exogenous pathogen and has an important role in the development of aggressive periodontitis in certain populations. Still, limited data exist on the impact of other microbes specifically in aggressive periodontitis. Despite a wide heterogeneity of bacteria, especially in subgingival samples collected from patients, bacteria of the red complex in particular, and those of the orange complex, are considered as potential pathogens in generalized aggressive periodontitis. These types of bacterial findings closely resemble those found for chronic periodontitis, representing a mixed polymicrobial infection without a clear association with any specific microorganism. In aggressive periodontitis, the role of novel and not-yet-cultivable bacteria has not yet been elucidated. There are geographic and ethnic differences in the carriage of periodontitis-associated microorganisms, and they need to be taken into account when comparing study reports on periodontal microbiology in different study populations. In the present review, we provide an overview on the colonization of potential periodontal pathogens in childhood and adolescence, and on specific microorganisms that have been suspected for their role in the initiation and progression of aggressive forms of periodontal disease.
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Al Yahfoufi Z, Hadchiti W, Berberi A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Probes Analyses for the Detection of Periodontal Pathogens. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:727-32. [PMID: 26522598 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical microbiology several techniques have been used to identify bacteria. Recently, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based techniques have been introduced to detect human microbial pathogens in periodontal diseases. Deoxyribonucleic acid probes can detect bacteria at a very low level if we compared with the culture methods. These probes have shown rapid and cost-effective microbial diagnosis, good sensitivity and specificity for some periodontal pathogens in cases of severe periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-five patients were recruited for the study. Twenty-one subjects ranging between 22 and 48 years of age fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seventy-eight samples became available for DNA probe analysis from the deepest pockets in each quadrant. RESULTS All 21 patients showed positive results for Prevotella intermedia; also, Prevotella gingivalis was identified in 19 subjects, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in 6 subjects. P. intermedia was diagnosed positive in 82% of the subgingival samples taken, 79% for P. gingivalis, and 23% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSION This study shows a high frequency of putative periodontal pathogens by using DNA probe technology, which is semi-quantitative in this study. Deoxyribonucleic acid probes can detect bacteria at very low level about 10(3) which is below the detection level of culture methods. The detection threshold of cultural methods. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The three types of bacteria can be detected rapidly with high sensitivity by using the DNA probe by general practitioners, and thus can help in the diagnosis process and the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoubeida Al Yahfoufi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wahib Hadchiti
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Berberi
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Phone: +961-3-731173, e-mail:
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Occurrence of periodontal pathogens in ethnic groups from a native Brazilian reservation. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:959-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kiedrowicz M, Dembowska E, Banach J, Safranow K, Pynka S. A comparison of the periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes based on glycated haemoglobin levels and other risk factors. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:156-61. [PMID: 25723568 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes based on glycated haemoglobin levels and other risk factors. MATERIAL/METHODS 75 patients with DM2 were grouped according to glycemic control: 40 subjects with HbA1c<7.0% and 35 subjects with HbA1c≥7.0%. We performed measurements of HbA1c, C-reactive protein (CRP), Approximal Plaque Index (API), Gingival Severity Index (GSI), tooth mobility (TM) as well as periodontal parameters such as probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Age, gender and duration of the disease were analyzed too. RESULTS No significant differences in PD, CAL, API, GSI and TM were found between the analyzed groups. HbA1c positively correlated with CRP (p=0.046) and the duration of DM2 (p=0.012) but not with the periodontal parameters. Patients' age was positively correlated with both the duration of DM2 (p=0.002) and CAL (p=0.034). Regardless of HbA1c, men had significantly worse periodontal parameters compared to women (respectively: PD 2.73mm vs. 2.18mm, p=0.01; CAL 3.84mm vs. 2.54mm, p=0.005; proportion of deep pockets 9.06% vs. 2.97%, p=0.01; proportion of teeth with grade 2 mobility 9.14% vs. 2.8%, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The selected group of patients attending the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic showed a similar periodontal status with regard to glycated haemoglobin levels and other risk factors except gender. Male gender turned out to be a significant risk factor for periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elżbieta Dembowska
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Banach
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pynka
- Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, M. Curie Hospital, Szczecin, Poland
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Chahboun H, Arnau MM, Herrera D, Sanz M, Ennibi OK. Bacterial profile of aggressive periodontitis in Morocco: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:25. [PMID: 25888404 PMCID: PMC4367901 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is one of the most severe forms of periodontal diseases. In Morocco, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been strongly associated with AgP, however limited knowledge is available about the implication of other periodontal pathogens in this entity. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the subgingival microbiota in Moroccan patients with AgP. Methods Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 50 aggressive, 13 localized and 37 generalized periodontitis patients. Samples from 20 chronic periodontitis (ChP) patients were taken as controls. Samples collected from the four deepest periodontal pockets in each patient were pooled in pre-reduced transport fluid and examined by culture. Results A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly more frequent (p = 0.004) in generalised AgP compared to ChP, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was less prevalent in localized AgP, when compared with generalized AgP (p = 0.040) or ChP (p = 0.016). Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia were also frequently detected in all groups. Mean proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly higher in AgP groups, when compared to ChP, and generalized AgP patients harbored significantly higher proportions of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, when compared to localized AgP or ChP. Conclusions A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia and F. nucleatum were frequently detected in this Moroccan population with AgP. Differences in frequency of detection, counts and proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and T. forsythia suggests the presence of distinct microbiological profiles for localized AgP, generalized AgP and ChP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Chahboun
- EREB (Research Group of Oral Ecosystem), Faculty of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Maria Minguez Arnau
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oum Keltoum Ennibi
- EREB (Research Group of Oral Ecosystem), Faculty of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
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Contreras A, Moreno SM, Jaramillo A, Pelaez M, Duque A, Botero JE, Slots J. Periodontal microbiology in Latin America. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:58-86. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Schmidt J, Jentsch H, Stingu CS, Sack U. General immune status and oral microbiology in patients with different forms of periodontitis and healthy control subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109187. [PMID: 25299619 PMCID: PMC4192146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunological processes in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, especially the aggressive form, are not well understood. This study examined clinical as well as systemic immunological and local microbiological features in healthy controls and patients with different forms of periodontitis. Materials and Methods 14 healthy subjects, 15 patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis, and 11 patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited. Periodontal examination was performed and peripheral blood was collected from each patient. Lymphocyte populations as well as the release of cytokines by T-helper cells were determined by flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent spot assay. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from each individual and immediately cultivated for microbiological examination. Results When stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with lipopolysaccharide, a higher IL-1β release was found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis compared to the other groups (p<0.01). Numbers of B-cells, naïve and transitional B-cells, memory B-cells, and switched memory B-cells were within the reference range for all groups, but patients with chronic periodontitis showed the highest percentage of memory B-cells without class switch (p = 0.01). The subgingival plaque differed quantitatively as well as qualitatively with a higher number of Gram-negative anaerobic species in periodontitis patients. Prevotella denticola was found more often in patients with aggressive periodontitis (p<0.001) but did not show an association to any of the systemic immunological findings. Porphyromonas gingivalis, which was only found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, seems to be associated with an activation of the systemic immune response. Conclusion Differences between aggressive periodontitis and moderate chronic periodontitis are evident, which raises the question of an inadequate balance between systemic immune response and bacterial infection in aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catalina-Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans to Antibacterial Effect from Mammea americana. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:384815. [PMID: 24864137 PMCID: PMC4017792 DOI: 10.1155/2014/384815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of periodontal disease and dental caries is influenced by several factors, such as microorganisms of bacterial biofilm or commensal bacteria in the mouth. These microorganisms trigger inflammatory and immune responses in the host. Currently, medicinal plants are treatment options for these oral diseases. Mammea americana extracts have reported antimicrobial effects against several microorganisms. Nevertheless, this effect is unknown against oral bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of M. americana extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. For this, an experimental study was conducted. Ethanolic extract was obtained from seeds of M. americana (one oil phase and one ethanolic phase). The strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were exposed to this extract to evaluate its antibacterial effect. Antibacterial activity was observed with the two phases of M. americana extract on P. gingivalis and S. mutans with lower MICs (minimum inhibitory concentration). Also, bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity was detected against S. mutans, depending on the concentration of the extract, while on M. americana extract presented only bacteriostatic activity against P. gingivalis. These findings provide important and promising information allowing for further exploration in the future.
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Lü D, Meng H, Xu L, Lu R, Zhang L, Chen Z, Feng X, Shi D, Tian Y, Wang X. New attempts to modify periodontal risk assessment for generalized aggressive periodontitis: a retrospective study. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1536-45. [PMID: 23305112 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal risk assessment (PRA) model was designed for risk evaluation of treated patients with periodontal disease. However, its use on generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) had been scarcely reported. This study aims to investigate the association of original PRA/modified PRA (MPRA) and compliance of periodontal maintenance with long-term treatment outcomes of Chinese patients with GAgP. METHODS Eighty-eight patients from a GAgP cohort, who completed active periodontal treatment (APT) and accepted reevaluation 3 to 11 years (mean of 5.5 years) afterward, were enrolled. PRA was modified (three strategies involving replacement of bleeding on probing with bleeding index >2, counting sites with probing depth ≥6 mm and changing method of bone loss [BL] calculation) to classify patients into different risk groups based on data at the first recall after APT. PRA and three MPRA models were investigated regarding long-term association with tooth loss (TL) and alteration of bone level (∆BL). RESULTS Based on original PRA, 87 patients (98.8%) had a high-risk profile. According to three MPRA models, annual TL per patient values were greater in high-risk groups than in low-to-moderate risk groups (MPRA-1, 0.20 ± 0.33 versus 0.04 ± 0.14; MPRA-2, 0.18 ± 0.32 versus 0.05 ± 0.14; MPRA-3, 0.17 ± 0.32 versus 0.05 ± 0.15; P <0.05). By MPRA-1, irregular compliers with low-to-moderate risk profile had greater ∆BL (0.027 ± 0.031, indicating bone increment) than those with high risk (-0.012 ± 0.064, tendency for BL). For regular compliers, no significant differences of annual TL or ∆BL were found between risk groups. CONCLUSIONS MPRA models could be used for evaluating the long-term outcomes of Chinese patients with severe GAgP, especially irregular compliers. High-risk patients of MPRAs exhibited more TL and less bone fill than low-to-moderate risk ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Lü
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Nguyen-Hieu T. Microbial sampling process can change results of microbiological analysis in periodontitis diagnosis. A minireview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [PMID: 23188761 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This minireview aims to verify the supposition that the microbial sampling process can change results of microbiological analysis in periodontitis diagnosis. The literature search via Pubmed yielded 52 appropriate articles for analysis. Of which 38% (20/52) described that the sampling sites were isolated from saliva, whereas 62% (32/52) did not. Also, 29% (15/52) declared that the microbial sampling was performed before probing pocket depth (PPD), whereas 71% (37/52) did not. Comparison of the results of microbiological analysis in these studies showed that the bacteria most frequently detected in periodontal pockets was variable. Therefore, a sampling process that includes both the microbial sample being taken before PPD and saliva isolation of the sampling sites is needed to ensure the accuracy of microbiological analysis in periodontitis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Nguyen-Hieu
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France.
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Ardila CM, Alzate J, Guzmán IC. Relationship between Gram negative enteric rods, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and clinical parameters in periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012; 16:65-9. [PMID: 22628966 PMCID: PMC3357038 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.94607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between Gram negative enteric rods and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal diseases has received little attention in the literature. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between these organisms and clinical parameters of periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical parameters and occurrence of Gram-negative enteric rods and A. actinomycetemcomitans were examined in 76 patients with chronic periodontitis. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine differences in clinical variables versus the presence or absence of both microorganisms. Correlation among both organisms and clinical data were determined using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS Gram-negative enteric rods and A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in 20 (26.3%) and 18 (23.7%) individuals, respectively. A total of 14 (18.4%) patients harbored both microorganisms studied. There were significantly positive correlations between enteric rods and presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (r=0.652, P<0.0001). Both microorganisms were significant and positively correlated with probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing (P<0.0001). The mean PD (mm) of the sampled sites was significantly deeper in patients with presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and Gram-negative enteric rods. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest a strong positive correlation between Gram-negative enteric rods and A. actinomycetemcomitans in the population studied. This finding must be taken into account when considering the best therapeutic approach, including the utilization of antimicrobials. The adverse clinical outcomes observed in presence of these microorganisms could have implications in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and a possible impact on outcomes after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ardila
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Ennibi OK, Benrachadi L, Bouziane A, Haubek D, Poulsen K. The highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in localized and generalized forms of aggressive periodontitis. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 70:318-22. [PMID: 22251014 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.642002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, including the highly virulent JP2 clone, in young adult patients with aggressive periodontitis, and associate the findings with the two forms of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy Moroccan subjects with aggressive periodontitis, aged less than 35 years, were recruited. Among these, 41 had LAgP and 29 had GAgP. Plaque samples were collected from periodontal pockets and examined using a PCR that detects the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and which differentiates between JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of the bacterium. RESULTS total of 58 (83%) from the 70 AgP patients were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans, among whom 77% were positives for the JP2 clone. The JP2 clone was detected in 34 (83%) of the LAgP patients compared to 20 (69%) of the GAgP patients (p = 0.17). Fourteen (20%) of the patients harbored non-JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans, although most of these patients (10/14) also harbored the JP2 clone. CONCLUSIONS The presence of the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans is strongly associated with both LAgP and GAgP in young adults in Morocco. This implies that treatment of AgP in this population should include microbiological screening and aim at eradication of the bacterium when present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oum Keltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Mohammed V Souissi University, Rabat, Morocco.
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Subgingival microbial profiles of generalized aggressive and chronic periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:973-80. [PMID: 22377404 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to distinguish between generalized aggressive (GAgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) based on the subgingival microbial profiles predominant in these diseases. METHODS Two-hundred and sixty subjects, 75 with GAgP and 185 with CP were recruited. Full-mouth clinical measurements were recorded. Individual subgingival plaque samples were taken from 7 sites per subject and analyzed for the prevalence and levels of 51 species by chequerboard. Differences between groups were examined by the Mann-Whitney test. Associations between bacterial species and GAgP were examined by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Actinomyces gerensceriae, Actinomyces israelli, Eubacterium nodatum and Propionibacterium acnes were detected in significantly greater counts in GAgP, whereas Capnocytophaga ochracea, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Staphylococcus aureus and Veillonella parvula were more predominant in CP patients (adjusted p < 0.001). E. nodatum (at mean levels ≥4 × 10(5)) increased significantly the probability of a subject being diagnosed with GAgP than CP (OR 2.44 [0.96-6.20]), whereas P. gingivalis (OR 0.34 [0.11-0.93]) and T. denticola (OR 0.35 [0.11-0.94]) were associated with CP. CONCLUSIONS Very few subgingival species differed in prevalence and/or levels between GAgP and CP in this sample population. In particular, E. nodatum was strongly related to GAgP, whereas P. gingivalis and T. denticola were associated with CP.
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Peters BM, Jabra-Rizk MA, O'May GA, Costerton JW, Shirtliff ME. Polymicrobial interactions: impact on pathogenesis and human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25:193-213. [PMID: 22232376 PMCID: PMC3255964 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00013-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms coexist in a complex milieu of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses on or within the human body, often as multifaceted polymicrobial biofilm communities at mucosal sites and on abiotic surfaces. Only recently have we begun to appreciate the complicated biofilm phenotype during infection; moreover, even less is known about the interactions that occur between microorganisms during polymicrobial growth and their implications in human disease. Therefore, this review focuses on polymicrobial biofilm-mediated infections and examines the contribution of bacterial-bacterial, bacterial-fungal, and bacterial-viral interactions during human infection and potential strategies for protection against such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Peters
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graeme A. O'May
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J. William Costerton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark E. Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Quantitative analysis of microbiota in saliva, supragingival, and subgingival plaque of Chinese adults with chronic periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1579-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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López R, Dahlén G, Baelum V. Subgingival microbial consortia and the clinical features of periodontitis in adolescents. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119:455-62. [PMID: 22112031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between microbial consortia and the clinical features of periodontitis using a multilevel modeling approach. A total of 958 sites in 87 adolescents with periodontitis (cases) and 73 controls were microbiologically sampled and clinically examined. Associations between each of the clinical parameters clinical attachment, probing depth, supragingival plaque, calculus, bleeding on probing, and each of 18 bacterial species; and between the same clinical parameters and each of two microbial consortia identified, were investigated using mixed-effects regression modeling. Higher counts of Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were all statistically significantly associated with higher values of clinical attachment level, probing depth, and bleeding on probing in the sampled site, when both case status and between-subject variance were accounted for. Higher counts for the consortium comprising the putative periodontopathogens were statistically significantly associated in a dose-response manner with both higher clinical attachment levels and with increased pocket depth. The counts for the consortium predominantly comprising the early-colonizer species were statistically significantly negatively associated with the presence of supragingival calculus, but positively associated with the presence of supragingival plaque. The study demonstrates a relationship between the counts of putative periodontopathogens and clinical attachment levels and probing pocket depths, even for low levels of these clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo López
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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da Silva-Boghossian CM, do Souto RM, Luiz RR, Colombo APV. Association of red complex, A. actinomycetemcomitans and non-oral bacteria with periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:899-906. [PMID: 21397893 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathogens related to systemic infections have been detected in the periodontal microbiota. The relationship amongst these pathogens, periodontal bacteria and periodontal clinical status is poorly understood. This study evaluated the association amongst red complex, A. actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) and non-oral pathogenic bacteria in subjects with good periodontal health (PH), gingivitis (G), chronic (CP) and aggressive (AP) periodontitis. METHODS Subgingival biofilm samples were obtained from 51 PH, 42 G, 219 CP and 90 AP subjects. The presence and levels of A.a, red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola), Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were determined by DNA probes and DNA-DNA hybridization technique. RESULTS CP and AP subjects presented significantly higher prevalence and levels of A.a, red complex and A. baumannii than G and PH individuals (p<0.01), whereas S. aureus was detected in lower frequency and counts in AP as compared to the other groups (p<0.001). The predictor variables age, prevalence of red complex, and the presence of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were strongly associated with the frequency of sites with PD and CAL ≥5 mm. Increasing age (OR 1.08), high frequency of red complex (OR 6.10), and the presence of A.a with P. aeruginosa (OR 1.90) were associated with periodontal disease (p<0.001). Subjects harbouring a high prevalence of A.a, A. baumannii, and red complex with P. aeruginosa were more likely to have AP than CP (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Putative periodontal pathogens and non-oral bacteria alone or in association were strongly associated with periodontitis.
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Castillo DM, Sánchez-Beltrán MC, Castellanos JE, Sanz I, Mayorga-Fayad I, Sanz M, Lafaurie GI. Detection of specific periodontal microorganisms from bacteraemia samples after periodontal therapy using molecular-based diagnostics. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:418-27. [PMID: 21392048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the presence of subgingival pathogens in peripheral blood samples from periodontitis patients before and after scaling and root planing (Sc/RP) using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 42 patients with severe generalized chronic or aggressive periodontitis. In each patient, four samples of peripheral blood were drawn at different times: immediately before the Sc/RP procedure; immediately after Sc/RP; 15 and 30 min. post-Sc/RP. Blood samples were analysed for bacteraemia with anaerobic culturing and nested PCR, using universal bacterial primers that target the 16S-rRNA gene of most bacteria, subsequently re-amplified with specific primers to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus and Prevotella intermedia, using a modified phenol-chloroform method for DNA extraction. RESULTS Presence of specific periodontal pathogens in peripheral blood after treatment was detected in 54.8% of the patients, in 47.6% with anaerobic culturing and in 19% with nested PCR. In 16.6%, the periodontal pathogens were detected before Sc/RP. P. gingivalis and A. actynomicetemcomitans were the pathogens most frequently detected in the bloodstream before and after Sc/RP. CONCLUSIONS Nested PCR demonstrated the presence of DNA from periodontal pathogens in blood samples in severe periodontitis patients before, during and after periodontal therapy. The use of these molecular-based techniques may improve the accuracy from the results obtained by haemoculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marcela Castillo
- Group UIBO (Oral Basic Research Unit), Faculty of Odontology, University of El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
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Deng T, Wang L, Lv J, Pang J, Liu B, Du Y, Ke J. Association of three bacterial species and periodontal status in Chinese adults: an epidemiological approach. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:184-8. [PMID: 21106792 PMCID: PMC3020465 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01819-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia are oral pathogens associated with periodontitis. The association between these three bacteria and periodontal disease has been reported in populations of many countries. However, corresponding data in Chinese populations are still lacking. The aim of this study was to detect these pathogens in subgingival plaque collected from 468 subjects with chronic periodontitis in a group of Chinese adults by using a PCR method and to determine the degree of association between the target bacteria and periodontal status based on logistic regression analysis. A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia were found in 20.5%, 70.7%, and 77.1% of the subjects, respectively. About one-third (36.1%) of subjects had chronic periodontitis. Upon univariate analysis, age, male gender, current smoking status, diabetes, and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis were positively associated with chronic periodontitis, whereas education and income exhibited inverse associations with chronic periodontitis. Upon multivariate analysis, education, current smoking status, diabetes, and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis remained significant. The adjusted odds ratios for having chronic periodontitis were 2.5 and 3.4 in subjects positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, respectively. However, no significant association was observed between the presence of T. forsythia and periodontal status. This study assesses the prevalence of periodontal pathogens and chronic periodontitis and the associations with sociodemographic characteristics among this group of Chinese adults. These findings also suggest that PCR should be considered for field oral epidemiologic studies and may be necessary in investigations presenting major logistic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzheng Deng
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianliang Pang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jie Ke
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
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