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Ma JJ, Xu ZJ, Liang B, Yang Z, Li L, Huang HN, Ming BW, Qin P, Ou CQ. Association between ambient temperature and mammalian-related injuries in Guangzhou, China, 2014-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171415. [PMID: 38442759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meteorological factors are associated with various health outcomes. However, it remains uncertain whether ambient temperature affects animal aggressive behaviors and causes mammalian-related injuries (MRI) in humans. The study aimed to examine the effect of daily mean temperature on MRI in Guangzhou, China. METHODS Individual cases of MRI were obtained from Guangzhou Injury Surveillance System during 2014-2019. A combination of a distributed lag nonlinear model and conditional quasi-Poisson regression, implemented within a time-stratified case-crossover design, was employed to evaluate the association between temperature and MRI. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, age group, education level, and types of mammals. RESULT This study included 24,206 MRI cases among which 89.7 % were caused by cats or dogs. We observed a nonlinear relationship between daily mean temperature and MRI. The impact of high temperatures was most pronounced on the current day and remained statistically significant on the next day. Compared with the reference temperature with a minimum risk of injuries (9.3 °C, approximately 2nd percentile of temperature), 75th percentile of temperature (27.4 °C) exerted the greatest relative risk (RR) of injuries (RR = 1.45, 95 % CI: 1.25-1.68) over lag 0-1 days. In subgroup analyses, the effects of high temperatures among males and females were similar. Individuals aged 15-34 years and 35-59 years were more susceptible to MRI at high temperatures compared to other age groups. The risk of injuries caused by cats or dogs consistently increased with high temperatures. We did not find significant impacts of low temperatures. CONCLUSION Short-term heat exposure plays an important role in the occurrence of MRI. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing public awareness regarding the high temperature-associated hazards posed by mammals. There is a need for enhanced regulations and measures on the management for cats and dogs to mitigate the harm caused in hot seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ze-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Boheng Liang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao-Neng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo-Wen Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Pengzhe Qin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Chun-Quan Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Chen R, Zeng Y, Deng Z, Liu H, Chen M, Liang Y. Optimizing Dog Rabies Vaccination Services to the Public: A Discrete Choice Experiment in Guangdong, China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1767. [PMID: 37889650 PMCID: PMC10251847 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination for dogs is essential for controlling rabies and achieving the goal of eliminating dog-mediated rabies globally by 2030. This paper aims to investigate the preferences for public services regarding rabies vaccination, in an effort to optimize the existing rabies vaccination and prevention programs in China. The households investigated had significant preferences for dog rabies vaccination service attributes. The households can be classified into three types: resolute executors (52.13%), mischievous rebels (5.85%), and incentivized compliers (42.02%). The residence, the presence of children in the household, perception of the safety risks, and knowledge of rabies may be sources of heterogeneity. Supportive services on dog rabies vaccination should be made available, such as arranging weekend vaccination services, building mobile vaccination stations, providing home vaccination services, and increasing vaccine supply through multiple channels. Furthermore, multiple measures can be taken to increase rabies vaccination awareness among family members and facilitate dog management innovation to further increase the level of rabies prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Chen
- College of Economics & Management, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Yingxin Zeng
- College of Economics & Management, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhile Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Hongfu Liu
- College of Economics & Management, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Manyi Chen
- Nanling Corridor Country Revitalization Institute, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Yaoming Liang
- College of Economics & Management, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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3
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Shen T, Welburn SC, Sun L, Yang GJ. Progress towards dog-mediated rabies elimination in PR China: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 37024944 PMCID: PMC10077633 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabies continues to be a serious threat to global public health endangering people's health and public health safety. In the People's Republic of China, multi-sectoral and comprehensive prevention and control strategies have aimed to extensively curb human rabies transmission. Here, we examine the current state of rabies infection in China, explore strategic interventions put in place in response to WHO's ambition of "Zero rabies deaths by 2030" and critically assess the constraints and feasibility of dog-mediated rabies elimination in China. METHODS This study analyzed and evaluated the process towards dog-mediated rabies elimination in China from five perspectives: namely, human, dog, policy, challenge, and prospects. Evidence-based data on progress of dog-mediated rabies elimination in China was derived from a number of sources; a literature search was undertaken using PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI databases, distribution data for human rabies cases as derived from the Data-center of the China Public Health Science and policy and document data were obtained from official websites of the relevant China ministries and commissions. RESULTS The incidence of human rabies cases in China have shown a downward trend year-on-year since 2007. Implementation of a government-led, multi-sectoral "One Health" approach to combating rabies has driven down the total number of rabies deaths nationwide to around 200 in 2020. The number of provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) reporting human cases of rabies has also decreased to 21 in 2020, 13 of which reported less than 10 cases. Furthermore, the number of outpatient visits seeking rabies post-exposure prophylaxis has risen dramatically over the past two decades, with demand being 15 times higher than it was initially. There remain however, significant gaps in rabies elimination outcomes across the different regions of China. To date the target of achieving a canine rabies vaccination rate of > 75% has not been met. The challenges of rabies immunization of dogs and dog management in underdeveloped cities and rural areas need to be addressed together with more effective animal surveillance and rabies risk from and too wildlife and livestock. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese government-led, multi-sectoral "One Health" approach to combating rabies and has made significant progress over the past decade. Development and adoption of more cost-effective One Health strategies can achieve more nationally beneficial rabies elimination outcomes. The ambitious target of "Zero rabies deaths by 2030" can be met through establishment of long-lasting herd immunity in dogs by means of dog mass vaccination campaigns, dog population management, epidemiological surveillance and the application of large-scale oral rabies vaccine to eliminate rabies in wild animals coupled with deployment of cost-effective human post-exposure prophylaxis, and community education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianren Shen
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, International Campus, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, 314400, People's Republic of China
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, International Campus, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, 314400, People's Republic of China
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The School of Tropical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK.
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Ji C, Feng J, Li S, Yang H, Wang H, Geng X, Wang H, Liu Z, Zhang T, He Y, Liu W. Factors Associated with Dog Rabies Immunization in Changsha, China: Results of a Cross-Sectional Cluster Survey, 2015-2021. Viruses 2022; 15:138. [PMID: 36680178 PMCID: PMC9863250 DOI: 10.3390/v15010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine longitudinal trends in the prevalence of dogs that are successfully immunized against rabies virus (as measured by sufficient serum antibodies) in Changsha, an urban center of China. The secondary objective was to investigate the factors affecting the seroprevalence of rabies virus antibodies in dogs. In this study, 4515 canine serum samples were collected from 57 pet hospitals (immunization points) during the period of 2015-2021 in five major urban areas of Kaifu, Furong, Tianxin, Yuhua, and Yuelu in Changsha, China. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to analyze the level and trend of rabies virus antibodies in serum and further evaluate the potential factors affecting the immunization effect from five factors: sex, age, time interval after most recent vaccination and sample collection, number of vaccinations, and vaccine manufacturer. The results showed that the seroconversion from the urban dog in Changsha steadily increased from 46.13% to 73.38% during 2015-2017. The seropositivity prevalence remained above the international standard (70%) from 2018 to 2020 and up to 90.99% in 2021. Further analysis showed that the seroconversion of rabies virus among dogs was significantly affected by the age, the number of vaccinations, time interval after the most recent vaccination and sample collection, and vaccine manufacturer, while sex had less influence. The overall rabies vaccination situation in urban areas of Changsha generally meets international standards, with only a few areas showing low levels of antibodies in dogs after vaccination and risk of infectiousness. Therefore, it is recommended that the first vaccination should be given when the dog is about three months old and regularly repeated every year after that. At the same time, antibody concentrations in dogs, especially in newborn puppies and older dogs, need to be tested promptly after vaccination at the required time to ensure that they are at a high level of immune protection, which can strengthen the supervision of rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Changsha Animal Disease Control Center, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Siying Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Changsha Animal Disease Control Center, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Changsha Animal Disease Control Center, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiangchang Geng
- Changsha Animal Disease Control Center, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Changsha Animal Disease Control Center, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zengzai Liu
- Changsha Animal Disease Control Center, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Changsha Animal Disease Control Center, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yu He
- Changsha Animal Disease Control Center, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Yue Y, Chen Q, Mu D, Li Y, Yin W. A Descriptive Analysis of Human Rabies in Mainland China, 2005-2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010380. [PMID: 36612701 PMCID: PMC9819004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in mainland China, 2005-2020 were analyzed to evaluate the effect of rabies control in China in recent years. A total of 24,319 human rabies cases were recorded in 2097 counties in 321 cities of 31 provinces in mainland China. Only 202 cases, located in 143 counties, were recorded in 2020, compared with 3305 cases in 992 counties in 2007; however, rabies was still relatively severe in Hunan Province even in 2020. Peak periods occurred in July-November; August was often the month with the most cases. Guizhou, Hunan, Guangdong, and Guangxi Provinces, in the central and southern regions, accounted for 50.0% of the cases in 2005-2020. Cases occurred almost exclusively in rural areas with 96.7% versus 3.3% in urban areas. A paradoxical relative expansion from southern, eastern, and central towards southwestern, northwestern, northern, and northeastern regions was observed along with the overall reduction of cases. Some regions witnessed complete elimination. The male-to-female ratio was 2.33:1; 66.8% of all cases were reported in the 0-10 (13.8%) and 41-70 (53.0%) age groups. Farmers (68.3%), followed by students (12.2), and diaspora children (6.5%) were most frequently involved. Our results provide objective information for the improvement of rabies prevention and control efforts. This will aid policymakers in China and elsewhere achieve the "Zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030" global goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiulan Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Di Mu
- Division of Infectious Disease Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Li
- Division of Infectious Disease Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenwu Yin
- Division of Infectious Disease Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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6
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Yin C. Progress in the Development of Animal Rabies Vaccines in China. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:825-830. [PMID: 34595001 PMCID: PMC8477054 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Yin
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
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7
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Feng Y, Ma J, Sun S, Chi L, Kou Z, Tu C. Epidemiology of Animal Rabies - China, 2010-2020. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:815-818. [PMID: 34594998 PMCID: PMC8477053 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rabies is a fatal zoonotic infectious disease that poses a serious threat to public health in China. Since 2005, a National Animal Rabies Surveillance System has been operating to understand the rabies situation in animals in China with a view to control and eventually eliminate dog-mediated human rabies. Methods From 2010, the brain tissues of dogs, livestock, and wild animals showing rabies-like clinical signs were collected and tested by the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Animal Rabies to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies, including animal species, geographic distribution, and transmission sources. Over the same period, clinically suspected animal rabies cases were collected by Animal Disease Control Centers through the National Animal Disease Monitoring Information Platform (NADMIP) and then reported in the Veterinary Bulletin. Results During 2010-2020, 170 of 212 suspected animal rabies cases were submitted to and confirmed by NRL as rabies virus-positive. Of these confirmed cases dogs, especially free-roaming and ownerless dogs in rural areas, were major transmission hosts (71/170). A total of 51 infected dogs attacked humans with 45 biting more than one person. The dog cases were reported all year round, but with significantly more in spring and summer. The majority of livestock rabies cases (70/80) being caused by rabid wild foxes in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia revealed that foxes play a pivotal role in animal rabies epizootics in the north and northwest of the country. Conclusion Dogs were the main transmission sources of rabies in China, and along with the recent increase of rabies in foxes and other wildlife, presented an increasing threat to livestock and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jihong Ma
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lijuan Chi
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanying Kou
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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8
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Yin W, Fu ZF, Gao GF. Progress and Prospects of Dog-Mediated Rabies Elimination in China. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:831-834. [PMID: 34595002 PMCID: PMC8477050 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Yin
- Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - George F Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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9
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Tiwari HK, Gogoi-Tiwari J, Robertson ID. Eliminating dog-mediated rabies: challenges and strategies. ANIMAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-021-00023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRabies is an acute encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus. It is primarily transmitted through bites of infected dogs which results in the worldwide death of an estimated 59000 humans every year. The disease is preventable through the application of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and its elimination has been demonstrated in many countries by applying multiple interventions simultaneously. Nonetheless, rabies is still widespread in many developing countries, primarily due to the poor implementation of intervention strategies that include inadequate dog-bite wound management practices, unavailability/unaffordability of PEP by the communities, failure to control the disease in free-roaming dogs and wildlife, improper dog population management, weak surveillance and diagnostic facilities and a lack of a One Health approach to the disease. In this review, strategies to control dog-mediated rabies through a One Health approach were discussed. We recommend applying multiple interventions against the disease by involving all the concerned stakeholders in selected urban and rural areas of the countries where rabies is endemic. An empirical demonstration of disease freedom in the selected areas through a One Health approach is needed to convince policymakers to invest in rabies prevention and control on the national level. This multifaceted One Health control model will enhance the likelihood of achieving the goal of global rabies eradication by 2030.
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Pei J, Cui M, Fu ZF, Zhao L, Zhou M. A novel oral rabies vaccine enhances the immunogenicity through increasing dendritic cells activation and germinal center formation by expressing U-OMP19 in a mouse model. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:913-928. [PMID: 33905300 PMCID: PMC8143638 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1923341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rabies remains a public health threat in most parts of the world. Dogs, especially stray dogs, are the main sources of rabies transmission in developing countries, while wild animals are primarily responsible for the spread of rabies in developed countries and play an emerging role in rabies transmission in developing countries. Oral vaccination is the most practical method for rabies control in these animals, and the greatest challenge for oral vaccination is the hostile environment and large quantity of proteases in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, a promising adjuvant with potential protease inhibitory activity, unlipidated outer membrane protein 19 (U-OMP19), was inserted into the genome of the recombinant rabies virus (rRABV) strain LBNSE, designated LBNSE-U-OMP19, and the immunogenicity of LBNSE-U-OMP19 was investigated. LBNSE-U-OMP19 could potentially protect viral glycoprotein from digestion by gastrointestinal fluids in vitro. The expression of U-OMP19 attenuated viral pathogenicity by restricting viral replication in the central nervous system (CNS) and repressing the production of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. After oral vaccination, LBNSE-U-OMP19 recruited dendritic cells (DCs), follicular helper T (TFH) cells and germinal center (GC) B cells, promoted the formation of GCs, and increased the population of plasma cells in immunized mice, resulting in higher levels of RABV-neutralizing antibodies and better protection in mice immunized with LBNSE-U-OMP19 than in those immunized with the parent virus LBNSE. Together, our data suggest that LBNSE-U-OMP19 is a promising candidate for oral rabies vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Miao F, Li N, Yang J, Chen T, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hu R. Neglected challenges in the control of animal rabies in China. One Health 2021; 12:100212. [PMID: 33553562 PMCID: PMC7843516 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex rabies transmission dynamics, including in dogs, wildlife livestock, and human-acquired rabies, can be observed in China. A temporary decrease in human rabies deaths with a simultaneous increase in animal rabies transmission is a typical example of "sectoral management separation" but not of the recommended "one-health" concept. In contrast to reliance on mass dog vaccination, reliance on postexposure prophylaxis to reduce human rabies burden is costly and ineffective in the prevention of rabies transmission from dogs to humans and other susceptible animal species. To answer the WHO call for the "elimination of dog-mediated human rabies by 2030," China faces the challenge of a lack of a strong political commitment and a workable plan and must act now before the rabies transmission dynamics become increasingly complicated by spreading to other species, such as ferret badgers in the Southeast and raccoon dogs and foxes in the North.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Miao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun 130122, Jilin Province, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun 130122, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun 130122, Jilin Province, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun 130122, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun 130122, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun 130122, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun 130122, Jilin Province, China
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A case of human rabies with a long incubation period in Wuhan. IDCases 2020; 23:e00998. [PMID: 33318930 PMCID: PMC7724148 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report one case of human rabies with a long incubation period in Wuhan, China. In Wuhan, many free-roaming dogs are not only dangerous to domestic dogs and livestock, they are also a threat to humans. Epidemiology of rabies with emphasis on its potential to spread in urban-rural fringe in Wuhan has been discussed. The elimination of RABV from free-roaming domestic dogs will drive a considerable reduction in human disease. We showed that the efficient collaboration was important between the hospital and a professional laboratory for rabies diagnosis.
Rabies remains endemic in China and continues to pose a major threat to public health with a nearly 100 % case fatality rate in humans. We confirmed a case of human rabies in Wuhan, in May 2018. The patient had got a dog bite wound 3 years before symptoms of confusion, hydrophobia, and photophobia onset. On May 14, our laboratory confirmed that the patient was infected with a rabies virus that circulates in dogs in China and died on May 24, two weeks later after admission. Complete glycoprotein gene sequences determined for this isolate indicated the source of a RABV infection was dog-related RABV variants.
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Chao J, Peng Q, Zhao J, Zhu X, Ruan J, Lu S, Hu R, Li J, Chen X, Chen H, Fu ZF, Zhao L, Zhou M, Guo A. Different rabies outbreaks on two beef cattle farms in the same province of China: Diagnosis, virus characterization and epidemiological analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1216-1228. [PMID: 32767733 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Eliminating rabies is challenging in many developing countries, especially in rural areas. In contrast to the annual decline of human cases in China in last decade, the incidence of rabies in livestock has been increasingly reported. This paper reports the rabies outbreaks in beef cattle (Angus) in Shaanxi Province, China, which caused 31 and 5 deaths at an attack rate of 19.4% (95% CI: 13.6%-26.4%) and 0.25% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.6%) in a satellite cow farm (farm A) and a core intensive farm (farm B), respectively. The rabies infection was confirmed by several laboratory tests, and rabies virus (RABV) strains SXBJ15 and SXYL15 were isolated and characterized from farm A and B, respectively. The two strains were found to have a high genomic sequence similarity to the dog-associated China clade I strains previously identified in the neighbouring area. SXBJ15 was shown to have a higher mouse pathogenicity (1.07) than SXYL15 (0.45). RABV was also detected in the saliva and salivary glands from the affected cattle. The potential causes were investigated on the farm, and the biosecurity scores were 20 and 64 (a full score of 82) for farms A and B, respectively. The rabies infection is likely to result from rabid free-roaming dogs (FRDs). On farm A with more cow deaths, the rabies transmission between animals can be attributed to the improper disposal of aborted foetuses and placental materials as a food source for rabid FRDs, high stocking density and drinking water sharing. Additionally, vaccinating cattle with a canine vaccine was shown to help stop the spread of rabies in herds. These results indicate that the occurrence of RABV on cattle farms can be prevented by improving biosecurity measures to control the entry of rural FRDs on the farm and immunizing farm cattle against rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Jianqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juncheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Departments of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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