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Roohi TF, Faizan S, Shaikh MF, Krishna KL, Mehdi S, Kinattingal N, Arulsamy A. Beyond drug discovery: Exploring the physiological and methodological dimensions of zebrafish in diabetes research. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:847-872. [PMID: 38279951 PMCID: PMC11140176 DOI: 10.1113/ep091587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is now considered a global epidemic. Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both of which are normally irreversible. As a result of long-term uncontrolled high levels of glucose, diabetes can progress to hyperglycaemic pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, among many other complications. The complete mechanism underlying diabetes remains unclear due to its complexity. In this scenario, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have arisen as a versatile and promising animal model due to their good reproducibility, simplicity, and time- and cost-effectiveness. The Zebrafish model allows us to make progress in the investigation and comprehension of the root cause of diabetes, which in turn would aid in the development of pharmacological and surgical approaches for its management. The current review provides valuable reference information on zebrafish models, from the first zebrafish diabetes models using genetic, disease induction and chemical approaches, to the newest ones that further allow for drug screening and testing. This review aims to update our knowledge related to diabetes mellitus by gathering the most authoritative studies on zebrafish as a chemical, dietary and insulin induction, and genetic model for diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsheel Fatima Roohi
- Department of PharmacologyJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Syed Faizan
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- School of Dentistry and Medical SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityOrangeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kamsagara Linganna Krishna
- Department of PharmacologyJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Seema Mehdi
- Department of PharmacologyJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Nabeel Kinattingal
- Department of PharmacologyJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwaySelangorMalaysia
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2
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Serikbaeva A, Li Y, Ma S, Yi D, Kazlauskas A. Resilience to diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 101:101271. [PMID: 38740254 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic elevation of blood glucose at first causes relatively minor changes to the neural and vascular components of the retina. As the duration of hyperglycemia persists, the nature and extent of damage increases and becomes readily detectable. While this second, overt manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been studied extensively, what prevents maximal damage from the very start of hyperglycemia remains largely unexplored. Recent studies indicate that diabetes (DM) engages mitochondria-based defense during the retinopathy-resistant phase, and thereby enables the retina to remain healthy in the face of hyperglycemia. Such resilience is transient, and its deterioration results in progressive accumulation of retinal damage. The concepts that co-emerge with these discoveries set the stage for novel intellectual and therapeutic opportunities within the DR field. Identification of biomarkers and mediators of protection from DM-mediated damage will enable development of resilience-based therapies that will indefinitely delay the onset of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anara Serikbaeva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yanliang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Simon Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Darvin Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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3
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Estay-Ahumada CE, Verra DM, Roux M, Sassone F, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Klopp C, Ciocca D, Moal MLL, Hicks D. Hyperglycemia and circadian disruption lead to retinal dysfunction in a stabilized colony of the fat sand rat Psammomys obesus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167118. [PMID: 38490291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Fat Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus) recapitulates several features of human pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but data are restricted to wild animals, incompatible with stringent biomedical research criteria. To overcome this barrier, we characterized retinal changes in a colony of P. obsesus maintained under strictly controlled housing conditions. METHODS Animals were maintained on low or high caloric energy diets, and raised under either standard (12 h light/12 h dark) or shortened (5 h light/5 h dark) photoperiods. Visual responses were tested by electroretinography, while structural/molecular changes were assayed by immunochemistry and molecular biology (RNAseq and qPCR). RESULTS Whereas high calorie diet alone did not induce hyperglycemia, coupled with short photoperiod >80 % animals developed severe hyper-insulinemia by 15 weeks, and 16 % animals further developed hyperglycemia. In these groups, electroretinography showed significant declines in visual responses in both hyper-insulinemic and hyperglycemic animals, especially in photopic (cone) responses. Transcriptomics analysis of hyperglycemic compared to low caloric controls revealed major upregulation in pathways involved in glial activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, cytokine production, partial ischemic responses and angiogenesis. Western blotting against rhodopsin and cone opsin also showed decreased levels in both groups, overall decreases being greater for cones than rods in hyperglycemic animals. CONCLUSIONS P. obesus maintained in rigorously monitored captive conditions, albeit showing attenuated responses to dietary overload compared to wild counterparts, nevertheless do develop some retinal features of diabetic retinopathy-like degeneration. Such a colony with known sanitary status opens their broader use for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Estay-Ahumada
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Daniela M Verra
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Roux
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 Inserm U 1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France.
| | - Fabiana Sassone
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Sigenae, Genotoul Bioinfo, BioInfoMics, MIAT UR875, INRAE, Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Dominique Ciocca
- Chronobiotron CNRS UMR 3415, 8 Allée Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Myriam Ly-Le Moal
- Institut Roche, 4 cours de l'île Seguin, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - David Hicks
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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4
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Loiseau A, Raîche-Marcoux G, Maranda C, Bertrand N, Boisselier E. Animal Models in Eye Research: Focus on Corneal Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16661. [PMID: 38068983 PMCID: PMC10706114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is a complex sensory organ that enables visual perception of the world. The dysfunction of any of these tissues can impair vision. Conduction studies on laboratory animals are essential to ensure the safety of therapeutic products directly applied or injected into the eye to treat ocular diseases before eventually proceeding to clinical trials. Among these tissues, the cornea has unique homeostatic and regenerative mechanisms for maintaining transparency and refraction of external light, which are essential for vision. However, being the outermost tissue of the eye and directly exposed to the external environment, the cornea is particularly susceptible to injury and diseases. This review highlights the evidence for selecting appropriate animals to better understand and treat corneal diseases, which rank as the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide. The development of reliable and human-relevant animal models is, therefore, a valuable research tool for understanding and translating fundamental mechanistic findings, as well as for assessing therapeutic potential in humans. First, this review emphasizes the unique characteristics of animal models used in ocular research. Subsequently, it discusses current animal models associated with human corneal pathologies, their utility in understanding ocular disease mechanisms, and their role as translational models for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Loiseau
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Gabrielle Raîche-Marcoux
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cloé Maranda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Elodie Boisselier
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
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Bora K, Kushwah N, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Wang Z, Chen J. Assessment of Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier: Animal Models and Methods. Cells 2023; 12:2443. [PMID: 37887287 PMCID: PMC10605292 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the neural retina relies on the unique retinal environment regulated by the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), which restricts the passage of solutes, fluids, and toxic substances. BRB impairment occurs in many retinal vascular diseases and the breakdown of BRB significantly contributes to disease pathology. Understanding the different molecular constituents and signaling pathways involved in BRB development and maintenance is therefore crucial in developing treatment modalities. This review summarizes the major molecular signaling pathways involved in inner BRB (iBRB) formation and maintenance, and representative animal models of eye diseases with retinal vascular leakage. Studies on Wnt/β-catenin signaling are highlighted, which is critical for retinal and brain vascular angiogenesis and barriergenesis. Moreover, multiple in vivo and in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of vascular leakage are described, along with their advantages and limitations. These pre-clinical animal models and methods for assessing iBRB provide valuable experimental tools in delineating the molecular mechanisms of retinal vascular diseases and evaluating therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Fitriana I, Wu CH, Hsu TJ, Chan YJ, Li CH, Lee CC, Hsiao G, Cheng YW. Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by azatyrosine-phenylbutyric hydroxamide inhibits progression of diabetic retinopathy mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115700. [PMID: 37482199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe consequence of long-term diabetes mellitus and may lead to vision loss. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are a diverse group of retinal cells with varied metabolic and functional roles. In hypoxic conditions, RPE cells have been shown to produce angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A). VEGF plays a crucial role in angiogenesis in DR. In the present study, we investigated whether azatyrosine-phenylbutyric hydroxamide (AZP) has therapeutic effect on DR therapy. In this study, we treated high glucose-activated human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) with and without AZP. The effector proteins were evaluated using western blotting. In the in vivo study, AZP was administered to the db/db mice as a DR animal model. Moreover, invasive imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography, and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were performed on the mice to assess DR progression. We found that treatment of AZP for 12 weeks reversed increasing DR retinal alterations in db/db mice, decreasing vascular density, retinal blood perfusion, retinal thickness, decreasing DR lesion, lipofuscin accumulation, HIF1A, VEGF, and inflammation factor expression. In addition, AZP treatment could activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR and reverse the high-glucose-induced HIF1A and VEGF in ARPE-19 cells and db/db mice. In conclusion, AZP activated AHR while inhibiting HIF1A and VEGF. This study indicates that AZP may be a promising therapeutic agent for treating DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Fitriana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ju Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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Scanzera AC, Nyenhuis SM, Rudd BN, Ramaswamy M, Mazzucca S, Castro M, Kennedy DJ, Mermelstein RJ, Chambers DA, Dudek SM, Krishnan JA. Building a new regional home for implementation science: Annual Midwest Clinical & Translational Research Meetings. J Investig Med 2023; 71:567-576. [PMID: 37002618 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231166102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The vision of the Central Society for Clinical and Translational Research (CSCTR) is to "promote a vibrant, supportive community of multidisciplinary, clinical, and translational medical research to benefit humanity." Together with the Midwestern Section of the American Federation for Medical Research, CSCTR hosts an Annual Midwest Clinical & Translational Research Meeting, a regional multispecialty meeting that provides the opportunity for trainees and early-stage investigators to present their research to leaders in their fields. There is an increasing national and global interest in implementation science (IS), the systematic study of activities (or strategies) to facilitate the successful uptake of evidence-based health interventions in clinical and community settings. Given the growing importance of this field and its relevance to the goals of the CSCTR, in 2022, the Midwest Clinical & Translational Research Meeting incorporated new initiatives and sessions in IS. In this report, we describe the role of IS in the translational research spectrum, provide a summary of sessions from the 2022 Midwest Clinical & Translational Research Meeting, and highlight initiatives to complement national efforts to build capacity for IS through the annual meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica C Scanzera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Brittany N Rudd
- Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megha Ramaswamy
- KU Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Mario Castro
- KU Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Robin J Mermelstein
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Chambers
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Population Health Sciences Program, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zolfaghari N, Soheili ZS, Samiei S, Latifi-Navid H, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ahmadieh H, Rezaei-Kanavi M. microRNA-96 targets the INS/AKT/GLUT4 signaling axis: Association with and effect on diabetic retinopathy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15539. [PMID: 37180885 PMCID: PMC10172874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miR-96-5p is a highly expressed microRNA in the retina of subjects with diabetes. The INS/AKT/GLUT4 signaling axis is the main cell signaling pathway of glucose uptake in cells. Here, we investigated the role of miR-96-5p in this signaling pathway. Methods Expression levels of miR-96-5p and its target genes were measured under high glucose conditions, in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, in the retina of AAV-2-eGFP-miR-96 or GFP intravitreal injected mice and in the retina of human donors with diabetic retinopathy (DR). MTT, wound healing, tube formation, Western blot, TUNEL, angiogenesis assays and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the retinal sections were performed. Results miR-96-5p expression was increased under high glucose conditions in mouse retinal pigment epithelial (mRPE) cells, in the retina of mice receiving AAV-2 carrying miR-96 and STZ-treated mice. Expression of the miR-96-5p target genes related to the INS/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway was reduced following miR-96-5p overexpression. mmu-miR-96-5p expression decreased cell proliferation and thicknesses of retinal layers. Cell migration, tube formation, vascular length, angiogenesis, and TUNEL-positive cells were increased. Conclusions In in vitro and in vivo studies and in human retinal tissues, miR-96-5p regulated the expression of the PIK3R1, PRKCE, AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 genes in the INS/AKT axis and some genes involved in GLUT4 trafficking, such as Pak1, Snap23, RAB2a, and Ehd1. Because disruption of the INS/AKT/GLUT4 signaling axis causes advanced glycation end product accumulation and inflammatory responses, the inhibition of miR-96-5p expression could ameliorate DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zolfaghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e- Pajoohesh, 15th Km, Tehran -Karaj Highway, Tehran. P.O. Box: 14965/161, Iran.
| | - Shahram Samiei
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei-Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cammalleri M, Amato R, Dal Monte M, Filippi L, Bagnoli P. The β3 adrenoceptor in proliferative retinopathies: "Cinderella" steps out of its family shadow. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106713. [PMID: 36863427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In the retina, hypoxic condition leads to overgrowing leaky vessels resulting in altered metabolic supply that may cause impaired visual function. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a central regulator of the retinal response to hypoxia by activating the transcription of numerous target genes, including vascular endothelium growth factor, which acts as a major player in retinal angiogenesis. In the present review, oxygen urge by the retina and its oxygen sensing systems including HIF-1 are discussed in respect to the role of the beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) and their pharmacologic manipulation in the vascular response to hypoxia. In the β-AR family, β1- and β2-AR have long been attracting attention because their pharmacology is intensely used for human health, while β3-AR, the third and last cloned receptor is no longer increasingly emerging as an attractive target for drug discovery. Here, β3-AR, a main character in several organs including the heart, the adipose tissue and the urinary bladder, but so far a supporting actor in the retina, has been thoroughly examined in respect to its function in retinal response to hypoxia. In particular, its oxygen dependence has been taken as a key indicator of β3-AR involvement in HIF-1-mediated responses to oxygen. Hence, the possibility of β3-AR transcription by HIF-1 has been discussed from early circumstantial evidence to the recent demonstration that β3-AR acts as a novel HIF-1 target gene by playing like a putative intermediary between oxygen levels and retinal vessel proliferation. Thus, targeting β3-AR may implement the therapeutic armamentarium against neovascular pathologies of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Filippi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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10
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Cheng Y, Fan H, Liu K, Liu J, Zou H, You Z. TFEB attenuates hyperglycemia-induced retinal capillary endothelial cells injury via autophagy regulation. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1092-1105. [PMID: 36807611 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. The maintenance of retinal capillary endothelial cell homeostasis requires a complete and unobtrusive flow of autophagy because it may help combat the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and oxidative stress damage of cells in diabetes mellitus. The transcription factor EB is a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, but its role in diabetic retinopathy remains unknown. This study aimed to confirm the involvement of transcription factor EB in diabetic retinopathy and explore the role of transcription factor EB in hyperglycemia-linked endothelial injury in vitro. First, the expression levels, including the nuclear location of transcription factor EB and autophagy, were reduced in diabetic retinal tissues and high glucose-treated human retinal capillary endothelial cells. Subsequently, autophagy was mediated by transcription factor EB in vitro. Moreover, transcription factor EB overexpression reversed high glucose-induced autophagy inhibition and lysosomal dysfunction and protected human retinal capillary endothelial cells from inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress damage caused by high glucose treatment. Additionally, under high-glucose stimulation, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine attenuated transcription factor EB overexpression-mediated protection, and the autophagy agonist Torin1 rescued transcription factor EB knockdown-induced damage effects. Taken together, these results suggest that transcription factor EB is involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. In addition, transcription factor EB protects human retinal capillary endothelial cells from high glucose-induced endothelial damage via autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kangcheng Liu
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingying Liu
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Zou
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Amato R, Catalani E, Dal Monte M, Cammalleri M, Cervia D, Casini G. Morpho-functional analysis of the early changes induced in retinal ganglion cells by the onset of diabetic retinopathy: The effects of a neuroprotective strategy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Sierawska O, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. Adipokines as potential biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus in cats. Front Immunol 2022; 13:950049. [PMID: 36248900 PMCID: PMC9561307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.950049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is no longer only a disease of humans, but also of domestic animals, and it particularly affects cats. It is increasingly thought that because of its unique characteristics, T2DM may belong not only to the group of metabolic diseases but also to the group of autoimmune diseases. This is due to the involvement of the immune system in the inflammation that occurs with T2DM. Various pro- and anti-inflammatory substances are secreted, especially cytokines in patients with T2DM. Cytokines secreted by adipose tissue are called adipokines, and leptin, adiponectin, resistin, omentin, TNF-α, and IL-6 have been implicated in T2DM. In cats, approximately 90% of diabetic cases are T2DM. Risk factors include older age, male sex, Burmese breed, presence of obesity, and insulin resistance. Diagnosis of a cat requires repeated testing and is complicated compared to human diagnosis. Based on similarities in the pathogenesis of T2DM between humans and cats, adipokines previously proposed as biomarkers for human T2DM may also serve in the diagnosis of this disease in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sierawska
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Olga Sierawska,
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Podvigina TT, Yarushkina NI, Filaretova LP. Effects of Running on the Development of Diabetes and Diabetes-Induced Complications. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Simó R, Simó-Servat O, Bogdanov P, Hernández C. Diabetic Retinopathy: Role of Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Perspectives. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:160-167. [PMID: 35533335 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Retinal neurodegeneration plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of preventable blindness. The hallmarks of diabetes-induced neurodegeneration are neural cell apoptosis and glial activation, which seem even before vascular lesions can be detected by ophthalmoscopic examination. The molecular mediators of retinal neurodegeneration include proinflamma- tory cytokines, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the molecular pathways closely related to chronic hyperglycemia. In this article, an overview of the main components of neurodegeneration, its key underlying mechanisms, and the more useful experimental models for investigative purposes will be given. In addition, the results of most relevant treatments based on neuroprotection, and the research gaps that should be filled will be critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Bogdanov
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain
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Du X, Yang L, Kong L, Sun Y, Shen K, Cai Y, Sun H, Zhang B, Guo S, Zhang A, Wang X. Metabolomics of various samples advancing biomarker discovery and pathogenesis elucidation for diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1037164. [PMID: 36387907 PMCID: PMC9646596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1037164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a universal microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is the main reason for global sight damage/loss in middle-aged and/or older people. Current clinical analyses, like hemoglobin A1c, possess some importance as prognostic indicators for DR severity, but no effective circulating biomarkers are used for DR in the clinic currently, and studies on the latent pathophysiology remain lacking. Recent developments in omics, especially metabolomics, continue to disclose novel potential biomarkers in several fields, including but not limited to DR. Therefore, based on the overview of metabolomics, we reviewed progress in analytical technology of metabolomics, the prominent roles and the current status of biomarkers in DR, and the update of potential biomarkers in various DR-related samples via metabolomics, including tear as well as vitreous humor, aqueous humor, retina, plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and feces. In this review, we underscored the in-depth analysis and elucidation of the common biomarkers in different biological samples based on integrated results, namely, alanine, lactate, and glutamine. Alanine may participate in and regulate glucose metabolism through stimulating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and subsequently suppressing insulin secretion, which is the potential pathogenesis of DR. Abnormal lactate could cause extensive oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, eventually leading to retinal hypoxia and metabolic dysfunction; on the other hand, high-level lactate may damage the structure and function of the retinal endothelial cell barrier via the G protein-coupled receptor 81. Abnormal glutamine indicates a disturbance of glutamate recycling, which may affect the activation of Müller cells and proliferation via the PPP1CA-YAP-GS-Gln-mTORC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, the Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Kong
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, the Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunshuang Shen
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Cai
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Sun, ; Xijun Wang,
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Sifan Guo
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, the Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Sun, ; Xijun Wang,
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Park SS. Advantages of ocular regeneration research. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1269. [PMID: 34532406 PMCID: PMC8421954 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S Park
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California-Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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