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Bora K, Kushwah N, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Wang Z, Chen J. Assessment of Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier: Animal Models and Methods. Cells 2023; 12:2443. [PMID: 37887287 PMCID: PMC10605292 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the neural retina relies on the unique retinal environment regulated by the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), which restricts the passage of solutes, fluids, and toxic substances. BRB impairment occurs in many retinal vascular diseases and the breakdown of BRB significantly contributes to disease pathology. Understanding the different molecular constituents and signaling pathways involved in BRB development and maintenance is therefore crucial in developing treatment modalities. This review summarizes the major molecular signaling pathways involved in inner BRB (iBRB) formation and maintenance, and representative animal models of eye diseases with retinal vascular leakage. Studies on Wnt/β-catenin signaling are highlighted, which is critical for retinal and brain vascular angiogenesis and barriergenesis. Moreover, multiple in vivo and in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of vascular leakage are described, along with their advantages and limitations. These pre-clinical animal models and methods for assessing iBRB provide valuable experimental tools in delineating the molecular mechanisms of retinal vascular diseases and evaluating therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kushwah N, Bora K, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Chen J. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1379. [PMID: 37507918 PMCID: PMC10376043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in aging-related eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, and glaucoma. With age, antioxidant reparative capacity decreases, and excess levels of reactive oxygen species produce oxidative damage in many ocular cell types underling age-related pathologies. In AMD, loss of central vision in the elderly is caused primarily by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and degeneration and/or choroidal neovascularization that trigger malfunction and loss of photo-sensing photoreceptor cells. Along with various genetic and environmental factors that contribute to AMD, aging and age-related oxidative damage have critical involvement in AMD pathogenesis. To this end, dietary intake of antioxidants is a proven way to scavenge free radicals and to prevent or slow AMD progression. This review focuses on AMD and highlights the pathogenic role of oxidative stress in AMD from both clinical and experimental studies. The beneficial roles of antioxidants and dietary micronutrients in AMD are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Blomfield AK, Maurya M, Bora K, Pavlovich MC, Yemanyi F, Huang S, Fu Z, O’Connell AE, Chen J. Ectopic Rod Photoreceptor Development in Mice with Genetic Deficiency of WNT2B. Cells 2023; 12:1033. [PMID: 37048106 PMCID: PMC10093714 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for embryonic eye development in both the anterior eye and retina. WNT2B, a ligand and activator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, assists in the development of the lens and peripheral regions of the eye. In humans WNT2B mutations are associated with coloboma and WNT2B may also assist in retinal progenitor cell differentiation in chicken, yet the potential role of WNT2B in retinal neuronal development is understudied. This study explored the effects of WNT2B on retinal neuronal and vascular formation using systemic Wnt2b knockout (KO) mice generated by crossing Wnt2bflox/flox (fl/fl) mice with CMV-cre mice. Wnt2b KO eyes exhibited relatively normal anterior segments and retinal vasculature. Ectopic formation of rod photoreceptor cells in the subretinal space was observed in Wnt2b KO mice as early as one week postnatally and persisted through nine-month-old mice. Other retinal neuronal layers showed normal organization in both thickness and lamination, without detectable signs of retinal thinning. The presence of abnormal photoreceptor genesis was also observed in heterozygous Wnt2b mice, and occasionally in wild type mice with decreased Wnt2b expression levels. Expression of Wnt2b was found to be enriched in the retinal pigment epithelium compared with whole retina. Together these findings suggest that WNT2B is potentially involved in rod photoreceptor genesis during eye development; however, potential influence by a yet unknown genetic factor is also possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Blomfield
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meenakshi Maurya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kiran Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Madeline C. Pavlovich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Felix Yemanyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy E. O’Connell
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Chen J, Maurya M, Bora K, Blomfield A, Pavlovich M, Huang S, Liu CH. Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets in dry age-related macular degeneration. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2173-2181. [PMID: 37056126 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.369098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a primary cause of blindness in the older adult population. Past decades of research in the pathophysiology of the disease have resulted in breakthroughs in the form of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies against neovascular age-related macular degeneration; however, effective treatment is not yet available for geographical atrophy in dry age-related macular degeneration or for preventing the progression from early or mid to the late stage of age-related macular degeneration. Both clinical and experimental investigations involving human age-related macular degeneration retinas and animal models point towards the atrophic alterations in retinal pigment epithelium as a key feature in age-related macular degeneration progression. Retinal pigment epithelium cells are primarily responsible for cellular-structural maintenance and nutrition supply to keep photoreceptors healthy and functional. The retinal pigment epithelium constantly endures a highly oxidative environment that is balanced with a cascade of antioxidant enzyme systems regulated by nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 as a main redox sensing transcription factor. Aging and accumulated oxidative stress triggers retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and eventually death. Exposure to both environmental and genetic factors aggravates oxidative stress damage in aging retinal pigment epithelium and accelerates retinal pigment epithelium degeneration in age-related macular degeneration pathophysiology. The present review summarizes the role of oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration, with potential impacts from both genetic and environmental factors in age-related macular degeneration development and progression. Potential strategies to counter retinal pigment epithelium damage and protect the retinal pigment epithelium through enhancing its antioxidant capacity are also discussed, focusing on existing antioxidant nutritional supplementation, and exploring nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and its regulators including REV-ERBα as therapeutic targets to protect against age-related macular degeneration development and progression.
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Bora K, Wang Z, Yemanyi F, Maurya M, Blomfield AK, Tomita Y, Chen J. Endothelial Cell Transcytosis Assay as an <em>In Vitro</em> Model to Evaluate Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Permeability. J Vis Exp 2022. [PMID: 35758707 PMCID: PMC10061913 DOI: 10.3791/64076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) contributes to the pathophysiology of several vascular eye diseases, often resulting in retinal edema and subsequent vision loss. The inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) is mainly composed of retinal vascular endothelium with low permeability under physiological conditions. This feature of low permeability is tightly regulated and maintained by low rates of paracellular transport between adjacent retinal microvascular endothelial cells, as well as transcellular transport (transcytosis) through them. The assessment of retinal transcellular barrier permeability may provide fundamental insights into iBRB integrity in health and disease. In this study, we describe an endothelial cell (EC) transcytosis assay, as an in vitro model for evaluating iBRB permeability, using human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). This assay assesses the ability of HRMECs to transport transferrin and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in receptor- and caveolae-mediated transcellular transport processes, respectively. Fully confluent HRMECs cultured on porous membrane were incubated with fluorescent-tagged transferrin (clathrin-dependent transcytosis) or HRP (caveolae-mediated transcytosis) to measure the levels of transferrin or HRP transferred to the bottom chamber, indicative of transcytosis levels across the EC monolayer. Wnt signaling, a known pathway regulating iBRB, was modulated to demonstrate the caveolae-mediated HRP-based transcytosis assay method. The EC transcytosis assay described here may provide a useful tool for investigating the molecular regulators of EC permeability and iBRB integrity in vascular pathologies and for screening drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Felix Yemanyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Meenakshi Maurya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School;
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Maurya M, Nag TC, Kumar P, Roy TS. Expression patterns of iron regulatory proteins after intense light exposure in a cone-dominated retina. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3483-3495. [PMID: 33983563 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is implicated in ocular diseases such as in age-related macular degeneration. Light is also considered as a pathological factor in this disease. Earlier, two studies reported the influence of constant light environment on the pattern of expressions of iron-handling proteins. Here, we aimed to see the influence of light in 12-h light-12-h dark (12L:12D) cycles on the expression of iron-handling proteins in chick retina. Chicks were exposed to 400 lx (control) and 5000 lx (experimental) light at 12L:12D cycles and sacrificed at variable timepoints. Retinal ferrous ion (Fe2+) level, ultrastructural changes, lipid peroxidation level, immunolocalization and expression patterns of iron-handling proteins were analysed after light exposure. Both total Fe2+ level (p = 0.0004) and lipid peroxidation (p = 0.002) significantly increased at 12-, 48- and 168-h timepoint (for Fe2+) and 48- and 168-h timepoint (for lipid peroxidation), and there were degenerative retinal changes after 168 h of light exposure. Intense light exposure led to an increase in the levels of transferrin and transferrin receptor-1 (at 168-h) and ferroportin-1, whereas the levels of ferritins, hephaestin, (at 24-, 48- and 168-h timepoint) and ceruloplasmin (at 168-h timepoint) were decreased. These changes in iron-handling proteins after light exposure are likely due to a disturbance in the iron storage pool evident from decreased ferritin levels, which would result in increased intracellular Fe2+ levels. To counteract this, Fe2+ is released into the extracellular space, an observation supported by increased expression of ferroportin-1. Ceruloplasmin was able to convert Fe2+ into Fe3+ until 48 h of light exposure, but its decreased expression with time (at 168-h timepoint) resulted in increased extracellular Fe2+ that might have caused oxidative stress and retinal cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Maurya
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Tara Sankar Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Bennadi D, Konekeri V, Maurya M, Reddy V, Satish G, Reddy CVK. Oral hygiene negligence among institutionalized mentally disabled children in Mysore city-A call for attention. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2045-2051. [PMID: 32670963 PMCID: PMC7346966 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_720_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral health is integral part of general health. In certain conditions especially among mentally disabled, oral health is neglected. Studies have shown that mentally disabled population has the risk of poor oral health. People with disabilities deserve the same opportunities for oral health and hygiene as those who are healthy, but sadly dental care is the most common unmet health care need of the disabled people. Methodology: This comparative, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among institutionalized mentally disabled and normal children of age group 6–13 years in Mysore city. Results: Majority of mentally disabled children, that is, 36.73% (n = 180), had poor oral hygiene when compared with normal children, that is, 9.18% (n = 45). This difference was statistically highly significant (P < 0.000). The significant differences in the gingival status and severity of mental disability were seen (P < 0.001). The result showed that the gingival health worsens with increase in the severity of mental disability. Conclusion: The present study showed the dental negligence among mentally disabled children where the parents, caretakers, and dentists are responsible. Oral health promotion programs should be conducted for special group children, their parents, as well as caretakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Bennadi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital, Sri Siddhartha Academy Higher Education, Agalkote, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayaka Konekeri
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Al-Azhar Dental College, Perumpillichira, P.O, Thodupuzha, Idukki, Kerala, India
| | - M Maurya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Veera Reddy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bellary, Karnataka, India
| | - G Satish
- Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, KSA
| | - C V K Reddy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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Gupta CL, Nag TC, Jha KA, Kathpalia P, Maurya M, Kumar P, Gupta S, Roy TS. Changes in the Inner Retinal Cells after Intense and Constant Light Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1061-1073. [PMID: 32112401 DOI: 10.1111/php.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Light insult causes photoreceptor death. Few studies reported that continuous exposure to light affects horizontal, Müller and ganglion cells. We aimed to see the effect of constant light exposure on bipolar and amacrine cells. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 300 or 3000 lux for 7 days in 12-h light: 12-h dark cycles (12L:12D). The latter group was then exposed to 24L:0D for 48 h to induce significant damage. The same animals were reverted to 300 lux and reared for 15 days in 12L:12D cycles. They were sacrificed on different days to find the degree of retinal recovery, if any, from light injury. Besides photoreceptor death, continuous light for 48 h resulted in downregulation of parvalbumin in amacrine cells and recoverin in cone bipolar cells (CBC). Rod bipolar cells (RBC) maintained an unaltered pattern of PKC-α expression. Upon reversal, there were increased expressions of parvalbumin in amacrine cells and recoverin in CBC, while RBC showed an increasing trend of PKC-α expression. The data show that damage in bipolar and amacrine cells after exposure to intense, continuous light can be ameliorated upon reversal to normal LD cycles to which the animals were initially acclimated to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan L Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Abhiram Jha
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Poorti Kathpalia
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi Maurya
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tara S Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Bajpai D, Tukaram E J, Maurya M, Gogtay J N, Thatte M U, Bose D, Saxena N, Konwar M, Gautam S, Hase K N. SAT-325 ASSOCIATION OF CYP3A5 POLYMORPHISM WITH TACROLIMUS LEVELS AND GRAFT OUTCOMES IN INDIAN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Nag TC, Maurya M, Roy TS. Age-related changes of the human retinal vessels: Possible involvement of lipid peroxidation. Ann Anat 2019; 226:35-47. [PMID: 31330304 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging of the human retina is accompanied by oxidative stress that exerts profound changes in the retinal neurons. It is unknown if oxidative stress influences the cellular components of the retinal vessels in some ways. METHODS We examined changes in retinal vessels in human donor eyes (age: 35-94 years; N=18) by light and transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry for biomarkers of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC; actin), oxidative stress (4-hydroxy 2-nonenal [HNE] and nitrotyrosine), microglia (Iba-1) and vessels (isolectin B4). RESULTS The earliest changes in the endothelium and pericytes of capillaries are apparent from the seventh decade. With aging, there is clear loss of organelles and cytoplasmic filaments, and a progressive thickening of the endothelial and pericyte basal lamina. Loss of filaments, accumulation of lipofuscin and autophagic vacuoles are significant events in aging pericytes and SMC. Actin immunolabelling reveals discontinuity in arterial SMC layers during eighth decade, indicating partial degeneration of SMC. This is followed by hyalinization, with degeneration of the endothelium and SMC in arteries and arterioles of the nerve fibre layer (NFL) and ganglion cell layer in ninth decade. Iba-1 positive microglia were in close contact with the damaged vessels in inner retina, and their cytoplasm was rich in lysosomes. HNE immunoreactivity, but not of nitrotyrosine, was detected in aged vessels from seventh decade onwards, suggesting that lipid peroxidation is a major problem of aged vessels. However, TUNEL positivity seen during this period was limited to few arteries and venules of NFL. CONCLUSION This study shows prominent age-related alterations of the pericytes and SMC of retinal vessels. These changes may limit the energy supply to the neurons and be responsible for age-related loss of neurons of the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Meenakshi Maurya
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tara Sankar Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Thetakala RK, Chandrashekar BR, Sunitha S, Maurya M, Sharma P, Shubhi G. Bruxism and oral health-related quality of life among male inmates in a penal institution, Mysore: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Dent Res 2018; 29:275-279. [PMID: 29900908 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_203_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the widespread problems of oral health is bruxism and is defined as a parafunctional habit with involuntary grinding and gnashing of the teeth occurring during sleep. However, bruxism is connected to anxiety and stress, but the published literature on bruxism among prison inmates is scanty. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of active sleep bruxism and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among inmates in Central Penal Institution, Mysore. Materials and Methods The study was cross sectional and conducted among eligible male inmates at Central Penal Institution, Mysore. The information on active sleep bruxism and OHRQoL was collected using a predesigned structured questionnaire by means of personal interview by a trained investigator. The active sleep bruxism was assessed using the criteria of American Academy of Sleep Medicine and OHRQoL through modified oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance, and linear regression model. Results A total of 212 male inmates aged between 18 and 80 years were considered for the study. The prevalence of active sleep bruxism among the study population was 31.6%. The mean OHIP-14 score was significantly higher (P < 0.001) among the inmates having active sleep bruxism (38.52 ± 12.8) suggesting a high oral health impact as compared to inmates without this disorder (31.67 ± 12). Conclusion The prevalence of active sleep bruxism was higher among the inmates of penal institution as compared to the general population. The active sleep bruxism had a negative impact on OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Thetakala
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B R Chandrashekar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, JSS Medical Institution Campus, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sunitha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, JSS Medical Institution Campus, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Maurya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, JSS Medical Institution Campus, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, JSS Medical Institution Campus, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - G Shubhi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, JSS Medical Institution Campus, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Kumar P, Nag TC, Jha KA, Dey SK, Kathpalia P, Maurya M, Gupta CL, Bhatia J, Roy TS, Wadhwa S. Experimental oral iron administration: Histological investigations and expressions of iron handling proteins in rat retina with aging. Toxicology 2017; 392:22-31. [PMID: 28993186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron is implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of this study was to see if long-term, experimental iron administration with aging modifies retinal and choroidal structures and expressions of iron handling proteins, to understand some aspects of iron homeostasis. Male Wistar rats were fed with ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (500mg/kg body weight/week, oral; elemental iron availability: 20%) from 2 months of age onward until they were 19.5 month-old. At 8, 14 and 20 months of age, they were sacrificed and serum and retinal iron levels were detected by HPLC. Oxidative stress was analyzed by TBARS method. The retinas were examined for cell death (TUNEL), histology (electron microscopy) and the expressions of transferrin, transferrin receptor-1 [TFR-1], H- and L-ferritin. In control animals, at any age, there was no difference in the serum and retinal iron levels, but the latter increased significantly in 14- and 20 month-old iron-fed rats, indicating that retinal iron accumulation proceeds with progression of aging (>14 months). The serum and retinal TBARS levels increased significantly with progression of aging in experimental but not in control rats. There was significant damage to choriocapillaris, accumulation of phagosomes in retinal pigment epithelium and increased incidence of TUNEL+ cells in outer nuclear layer and vacuolation in inner nuclear layer (INL) of 20 month-aged experimental rats, compared to those in age-matched controls. Vacuolations in INL could indicate a long-term effect of iron accumulation in the inner retina. These events paralleled the increased expression of ferritins and transferrin and a decrease in the expression of TFR-1 in iron-fed rats with aging, thereby maintaining iron homeostasis in the retina. As some of these changes mimic with those happening in eyes with AMD, this model can be utilized to understand iron-induced pathophysiological changes in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Kumar Abhiram Jha
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Delhi University South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Poorti Kathpalia
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Meenakshi Maurya
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Chandan Lal Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Tara Sankar Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Shashi Wadhwa
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Gorla S, Maurya M, Kathpalia P, Nag T, Roy T. Expression patterns of BDNF and Trk B in neonatal chick retina exposed to light of variable photoperiods. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sushma R, Vanamala N, Nagabhushana D, Maurya M, Sunitha S, Reddy C. Food Choice Motives among the Students of a Dental Institution in Mysore City, India. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:802-5. [PMID: 25328797 PMCID: PMC4199178 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.141555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In pursuit of a more “holistic” dentistry and an increasing focus on promoting oral health, dental students are increasingly being trained to take a more active part in health promotion and education. In particular, this incorporates an emphasis on diet and educating people to eat in more healthy ways. Aim: This paper works from the premise that if dental students are to engage in oral health promotion, they will do so more effectively if they have first explored their own food choice motivations. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional questionnaire study. The food choice questionnaire (FCQ) was distributed to a comparative group of 1st and 5th year dental students in timetabled lecture slots. The FCQ is a previously validated measure designed to assess ten main factors relevant to peoples” food choices. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test. Results: Nearly 77% (122/159) students responded. Findings were analyzed using independent sample t-test. Results indicated statistically significant differences in terms of food choice motivations between male and female students of 1st and 5th year. Conclusion: Awareness and an understanding of the differences in motivational factors affecting food choice between dental students is important as they are increasingly taught to play an active role in oral health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sushma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry JSS dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - N Vanamala
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D.A.P.M.R.V Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - D Nagabhushana
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Maurya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry JSS dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sunitha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry JSS dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Cvk Reddy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry JSS dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Singh H, Maurya M. Radiological quiz - abdomen. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.29191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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