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Böröcz K, Kinyó Á, Simon D, Erdő-Bonyár S, Németh P, Berki T. Complexity of the Immune Response Elicited by Different COVID-19 Vaccines, in the Light of Natural Autoantibodies and Immunomodulatory Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076439. [PMID: 37047412 PMCID: PMC10094397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the abundance of data on the COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune activation, the impact of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) on these processes is less well defined. Therefore, we investigated potential connections between vaccine efficacy and nAAb levels. We were also interested in the impact of immunomodulatory therapies on vaccine efficacy. Clinical residual samples were used for the assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine-elicited immune response (IR) (n=255), as well as for the investigation of the immunization-associated expansion of the nAAb pool (n=185). In order to study the potential interaction between immunomodulatory therapies and the vaccine-induced IR, untreated, healthy individuals and patients receiving anti-TNFα or anti-IL-17 therapies were compared (n total =45). In-house ELISAs (anticitrate synthase, anti-HSP60 and-70) and commercial ELISAs (anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISAs IgG, IgA, NeutraLISA and IFN-γ release assay 'IGRA') were applied. We found significant differences in the IR given to different vaccines. Moreover, nAAb levels showed plasticity in response to anti-COVID-19 immunization. We conclude that our findings may support the theorem about the non-specific beneficial 'side effects' of vaccination, including the broadening of the nAAb repertoire. Considering immunomodulation, we suggest that anti-TNFα and anti-IL17 treatments may interfere negatively with MALT-associated IR, manifested as decreased IgA titers; however, the modest sample numbers of the herein presented model might be a limiting factor of reaching a more comprehensive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kinyó
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Cheng J, Yang Q, Han X, Wang H, Wu K, Zhao H. Yin Yang 1-stimulated long noncoding RNA bladder cancer-associated transcript 1 upregulation facilitates esophageal carcinoma progression via the microRNA-5590-3p/programmed cell death-ligand 1 pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10244-10257. [PMID: 35435118 PMCID: PMC9161860 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingge Cheng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Xia Han
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- General Surgery Department, Xi’an Aerospace General Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongye Zhao
- Dermatology Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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3
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Universal influenza vaccine technologies and recombinant virosome production. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Benninger F, Steiner I. Non-infectious mechanisms of neurological damage due to infection. J Neurol Sci 2021; 431:120057. [PMID: 34800841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the nervous system is a growing aspect of clinical neurology. Accumulating knowledge in early diagnosis, course, therapy and prognosis is enlarging the clinical tools required for effective therapy. Of special importance is the ability to differentiate between proper infections, where anti-microbial agents, when available, should be introduced and used and post infectious conditions where therapy is mainly directed against the host immune system. The two conditions sometimes overlap, a situation that requires the ability to combine clinical skills with the use of laboratory tools such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serology, and antigenic detection. In the era of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the need to make this distinction is emphasized as correct diagnosis of post infectious conditions and expedited therapy is important and sometimes lifesaving. We here attempt to present several infectious agents and their possible indirect damage to the nervous system causing in some cases significant neurological deficits. We try to limit our focus on those mechanisms which do not involve the direct tissue damage by the infectious agents but rather are connected to para- and post-infectious mechanisms. We attempt to delineate the features that will enable to tailor the correct diagnosis and following the effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Benninger
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Israel Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Ye Z, Zhao H, Zhou W, Ye T, Geng C, Li X, Yuan L, Du M, Xu H, Wang Q. Lower Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase‑9 in Metastatic Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Concurrent Radiotherapy Was Significant for Prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12857-12866. [PMID: 33364781 PMCID: PMC7751709 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s280791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was designed to investigate the relationships of serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) level and treatment response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with chemotherapy or concurrent radiotherapy. Methods Blood samples from ESCC patients after chemotherapy or concurrent radiotherapy were collected at four different intervals. Serum MMP-9 was determined via Luminex assay in 134 patients with chemotherapy, 73 patients with concurrent radiotherapy, and 183 healthy controls. Results Serum MMP-9 level was significantly higher in patients with ESCC than in healthy controls (P <0.001). Compared with the pre-treatment, a lower level of serum MMP-9 was maintained at four cycles of treatment in ESCC patients with concurrent radiotherapy (P < 0.001). Serum MMP-9 level was obviously lower in ESCC patients with metastasis after concurrent radiotherapy than after chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Patients with higher MMP-9 level (≥820.693 ng/mL) had a shorter mean survival time by 42 months versus lower MMP-9 level (<820.693 ng/mL) after chemotherapy or concurrent radiotherapy (P < 0.001). Conclusion Serum MMP-9 is a potential prognostic biomarker for treatment response to chemotherapy or concurrent radiotherapy in terms of overall survival (OS) in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College, Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Intervention, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jiangsu Province Institute of Materia Medica, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, People's Republic of China
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Chen Z, Cao K, Zhang J, Liu Z, Lu L, Qi B, Shi L, Huang R, Zhao S. Concomitant expression of inhibitory molecules for T cell activation predicts poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 21:CCDT-EPUB-111699. [PMID: 33222673 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201120152333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major subtype of esophageal cancers. The Five-year survival rate of ESCC is low and molecular targets for ESCC treatment and prognosis assessment are very limited. T cells are critical for clearance of cancer cells and blockade of co-inhibitory molecules for T cell activation has emerged as a promising therapy to treat cancer patients. However, in ESCC patients such co-inhibitory molecules regulating T cell activation is poorly documented. OBJECTIVE We aim to evaluate how the presence of inhibitory check-point molecules in T cells could impact survival of patients. METHODS We performed follow-up study of 161 patients undergoing resection of esophageal carcinoma from February 2014 to December 2015, by immunohistochemical staining of six co-inhibitory molecules for T cell activation, namely PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, BTLA and A2AR. Expression of each of the six co-inhibitory molecules was analyzed for its correlation with patient survival by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We also applied Kaplan-Meier analyses to evaluate concomitant expression of co-inhibitory molecules and their correlation with patient survival. RESULTS We found that levels of PD-1, TIM-3 and BTLA can be used as independent prognostic factors for overall survival of patients with ESCC. More importantly, our study found that the co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3, PD-1 and BTLA, TIM-3 and BTLA significantly reduced the survival of patients with ESCC (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Therefore, our results suggest the necessity of evaluating the tumor tissue expression of co-inhibitory molecules and targeting co-expressed molecules in immunotherapies for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou. China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang. China
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang. China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang. China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang. China
| | - Lijin Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang. China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou. China
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Tregoning JS, Brown ES, Cheeseman HM, Flight KE, Higham SL, Lemm N, Pierce BF, Stirling DC, Wang Z, Pollock KM. Vaccines for COVID-19. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:162-192. [PMID: 32935331 PMCID: PMC7597597 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the end of 2019, there has been an explosion of vaccine development. By 24 September 2020, a staggering number of vaccines (more than 200) had started preclinical development, of which 43 had entered clinical trials, including some approaches that have not previously been licensed for human vaccines. Vaccines have been widely considered as part of the exit strategy to enable the return to previous patterns of working, schooling and socializing. Importantly, to effectively control the COVID-19 pandemic, production needs to be scaled-up from a small number of preclinical doses to enough filled vials to immunize the world's population, which requires close engagement with manufacturers and regulators. It will require a global effort to control the virus, necessitating equitable access for all countries to effective vaccines. This review explores the immune responses required to protect against SARS-CoV-2 and the potential for vaccine-induced immunopathology. We describe the profile of the different platforms and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. The review also addresses the critical steps between promising preclinical leads and manufacturing at scale. The issues faced during this pandemic and the platforms being developed to address it will be invaluable for future outbreak control. Nine months after the outbreak began we are at a point where preclinical and early clinical data are being generated for the vaccines; an overview of this important area will help our understanding of the next phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Tregoning
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - E. S. Brown
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - H. M. Cheeseman
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - K. E. Flight
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. L. Higham
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - N.‐M. Lemm
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - B. F. Pierce
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. C. Stirling
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Z. Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - K. M. Pollock
- Department of Infectious DiseaseSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Wang X, Li X, Cheng H, Zhang B, Zhong H, Wang R, Zhong B, Cao Q. Single-Port Inflatable Mediastinoscopy Combined With Laparoscopic-Assisted Small Incision Surgery for Radical Esophagectomy Is an Effective and Safe Treatment for Esophageal Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23:1533-1540. [PMID: 30635830 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-04069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously developed a novel non-trans thoracic esophagectomy, the single-port inflatable mediastinoscopy combined with laparoscopy for the radical esophagectomy of esophageal cancer. The purpose of this study was to report its therapeutic efficacy and safety. METHODS From May 2016 to August 2017, we have completed 80 cases of radical resection of esophageal carcinoma using this novel surgical technique. The intraoperative findings and postoperative complications were reported. RESULTS The operation was successfully performed in all patients except for one patient switched from laparoscopic-assisted operation to open surgery. The mean operation duration was 191.4 ± 27 min, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 147.3 ± 28.9 mL. The mean number of removed lymph node was 21.9 ± 4.1. Five patients (6.4%) who had preoperative type I respiratory failure needed to stay in the intensive care unit for 24 h postoperatively. Postoperative complications included anastomotic leakage (8.9%), anastomotic stricture (21.25%), pleural effusion (9%), and hoarseness postoperative hoarseness (18.8%). The incidence of hoarseness at 3 months postoperation was reduced to 3.8%. All the complications were Clavien-Dindo grades I-III. There were no perioperative death and postoperative cardiopulmonary complications. CONCLUSION These results showed that the single-port inflatable mediastinoscopy combined with laparoscopy is feasible for radical esophagectomy and possesses good therapeutic efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 East Meihua Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 East Meihua Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 East Meihua Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 East Meihua Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 East Meihua Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 East Meihua Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Beilong Zhong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 East Meihua Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingdong Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 East Meihua Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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Medvedeva AV, Golovatyuk AO, Poluektov MG. Autoimmune mechanisms and new opportunities for treatment narcolepsy. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:56-62. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911904256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Zhou F, Trieu MC, Davies R, Cox RJ. Improving influenza vaccines: challenges to effective implementation. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rose NR. Negative selection, epitope mimicry and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 49:51-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kigen G, Busakhala N, Kamuren Z, Rono H, Kimalat W, Njiru E. Factors associated with the high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Western Kenya: a review. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29142587 PMCID: PMC5670732 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinoma (OC) is highly prevalent in Western Kenya especially among the members of the Kalenjin community who reside in the Northern and Southern areas of the Rift Valley. Previous authors have suggested potential association of environmental and genetic risk factors with this high prevalence. The environmental factors that have been suggested include contamination of food by mycotoxins and/or pesticides, consumption of traditional alcohol (locally referred to “Busaa” and “Chan’gaa”), use of fermented milk (“Mursik”), poor diet, tobacco use and genetic predisposition. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the potential contribution of each of the factors that have been postulated to be associated with the high prevalence of the disease in order to establish the most likely cause. We have done this by analyzing the trends, characteristics and behaviours that are specifically unique in the region, and corroborated this with the available literature. From our findings, the most plausible cause of the high incidence of OC among the Kalenjin community is mycotoxins, particularly fumonisins from the food chain resulting from poor handling of cereals; particularly maize combined with traditional alcohol laced with the toxins interacting synergistically with other high-risk factors such as dietary deficiencies associated alcoholism and viral infections, especially HPV. Urgent mitigating strategies should be developed in order to minimize the levels of mycotoxins in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Naftali Busakhala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Kamuren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hillary Rono
- Kitale County Hospital; London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, P.O. Box 98-30200, Kitale, Kenya
| | - Wilfred Kimalat
- Retired Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, Provisional Administration & Internal Security, Office of the President, P. O. Box 28467-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evangeline Njiru
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, 30100 Kenya
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Equihua-Benítez AC, Guzmán-Vásquez K, Drucker-Colín R. Understanding sleep-wake mechanisms and drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:643-657. [PMID: 28511597 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1329818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although not discernible at first glance, sleep is a highly active and regulated brain state. Although we spend practically one third of our lifetimes in this stage, its importance is often taken for granted. Sleep loss can lead to disease, error and economic loss. Our understanding of how sleep is achieved has greatly advanced in recent years, and with that, the management of sleep disorders has improved. There is still room for improvement and recently many new compounds have reached clinical trials with a few being approved for commercial use. Areas covered: In this review, the authors make the case of sleep disorders as a matter of public health. The mechanisms of sleep transition are discussed emphasizing the wake and sleep promoting interaction of different brain regions. Finally, advances in pharmacotherapy are examined in the context of chronic insomnia and narcolepsy. Expert opinion: The orexinergic system is an example of a breakthrough in sleep medicine that has catalyzed drug development. Nevertheless, sleep is a topic still with many unanswered questions. That being said, the melanin-concentrating hormone system is becoming increasingly relevant and we speculate it will be the next target of sleep medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clementina Equihua-Benítez
- a Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Khalil Guzmán-Vásquez
- a Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | - René Drucker-Colín
- a Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
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Ahmed SS, Steinman L. Narcolepsy and influenza vaccination-induced autoimmunity. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:25. [PMID: 28164110 PMCID: PMC5253292 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sohail Ahmed
- Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Neurology and Neuroscience, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Arabsalmani M, Mirzaei M, Ghoncheh M, Soroush A, Towhidi F, Salehiniya H. Incidence and mortality of liver cancer and their relationship with the human development index in the world. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-016-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Jin YY, Chen QJ, Xu K, Ren HT, Bao X, Ma YN, Wei Y, Ma HB. Involvement of microRNA-141-3p in 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin chemo-resistance in esophageal cancer cells via regulation of PTEN. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 422:161-170. [PMID: 27644195 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) act as a major regulator of acquired chemo-resistance in various types of cancer therapeutics. This study investigated the contribution of miRNAs in influencing multiple drug resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The sensitivity of four ESCC cell lines (EC109, EC9706, TE-1 and KYSE-150) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OX) was determined by MTT assay. A 5-FU and OX-resistant subline, EC9706R, was established by continuous exposure to stepwise increasing concentration of 5-FU and OX. Microarray technology was used to compare the differential expression of miRNAs between resistant cells and parental cells. Chemo-sensitivity assay was performed to evaluate drug response in EC9706R cells transfected with miRNA mimic or inhibitor. The direct targets of miRNA were identified by employing pathway analysis and then confirmed with luciferase assay. Sixty ESCC tissue samples and their paired adjacent normal tissues were collected to validate the expression of identified miRNA. Mouse models were further utilized to investigate the function of miRNA on acquired chemo-resistance. MicroRNA panel results indicated that a total of 12 miRNAs were differentially expressed and miR-141-3p was highly over expressed in resistant cells. Inhibition of miR-141-3p reversed acquired chemo-resistance in EC9706R cells by stimulating apoptosis. The expression of miR-141-3p was significantly increased in ESCC tissue samples compared to their matched distant normal tissues. In addition, the elevated miR-141-3p expression was found to be associated with ESCC differentiation status and TNM stage. Moreover, Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was identified as direct target of miR-141-3p. Western blot exhibited altered protein levels of PTEN, Akt, and PI3k with miR-141-3p inhibitor. An inverse correlation between PTEN expression and miR-141-3p expression was also observed in tissue samples. EC9706R xenograft mouse model became sensitized to 5-FU and OX treatment following miR-141-3p inhibitor transfection in vivo. Our study demonstrated that miR-141-3p contributed to an acquired chemo-resistance through PTEN modulation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwulu, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing-Juan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xian Yang Center Hospital, Xian Yang, 610041, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwulu, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Tao Ren
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwulu, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Bao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwulu, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Nan Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwulu, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Bing Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwulu, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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