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Ren Z, Wang Y, Wu H, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Preparation and application of hemostatic microspheres containing biological macromolecules and others. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128299. [PMID: 38008144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding from uncontrollable wounds can be fatal, and the body's clotting mechanisms are unable to control bleeding in a timely and effective manner in emergencies such as battlefields and traffic accidents. For irregular and inaccessible wounds, hemostatic materials are needed to intervene to stop bleeding. Hemostatic microspheres are promising for hemostasis, as their unique structural features can promote coagulation. There is a wide choice of materials for the preparation of microspheres, and the modification of natural macromolecular materials such as chitosan to enhance the hemostatic properties and make up for the deficiencies of synthetic macromolecular materials makes the hemostatic microspheres multifunctional and expands the application fields of hemostatic microspheres. Here, we focus on the hemostatic mechanism of different materials and the preparation methods of microspheres, and introduce the modification methods, related properties and applications (in cancer therapy) for the structural characteristics of hemostatic microspheres. Finally, we discuss the future trends of hemostatic microspheres and research opportunities for developing the next generation of hemostatic microsphere materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Han Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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2
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Shin K, Begeman IJ, Cao J, Kang J. leptin b and its regeneration enhancer illustrate the regenerative features of zebrafish hearts. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:91-106. [PMID: 36495292 PMCID: PMC10256838 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish possess a remarkable regenerative capacity, which is mediated by the induction of various genes upon injury. Injury-dependent transcription is governed by the tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs). Here, we utilized leptin b (lepb), an injury-specific factor, and its TREE to dissect heterogeneity of noncardiomyocytes (CMs) in regenerating hearts. RESULTS Our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis demonstrated that the endothelium/endocardium(EC) is activated to induce distinct subpopulations upon injury. We demonstrated that lepb can be utilized as a regeneration-specific marker to subset injury-activated ECs. lepb+ ECs robustly induce pro-regenerative factors, implicating lepb+ ECs as a signaling center to interact with other cardiac cells. Our scRNA-seq analysis identified that lepb is also produced by subpopulation of epicardium (Epi) and epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs). To determine whether lepb labels injury-emerging non-CM cells, we tested the activity of lepb-linked regeneration enhancer (LEN) with chromatin accessibility profiles and transgenic lines. While nondetectable in uninjured hearts, LEN directs EC and Epi/EPDC expression upon injury. The endogenous LEN activity was assessed using LEN deletion lines, demonstrating that LEN deletion abolished injury-dependent expression of lepb, but not other nearby genes. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative analyses identify regeneration-emerging cell-types and factors, leading to the discovery of regenerative features of hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangdeok Shin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ian J. Begeman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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3
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Jeon HM, Kim JY, Cho HJ, Lee WJ, Nguyen D, Kim SS, Oh YT, Kim HJ, Jung CW, Pinero G, Joshi T, Hambardzumyan D, Sakaguchi T, Hubert CG, McIntyre TM, Fine HA, Gladson CL, Wang B, Purow BW, Park JB, Park MJ, Nam DH, Lee J. Tissue factor is a critical regulator of radiation therapy-induced glioblastoma remodeling. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1480-1497.e9. [PMID: 37451272 PMCID: PMC10530238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) provides therapeutic benefits for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), but inevitably induces poorly understood global changes in GBM and its microenvironment (TME) that promote radio-resistance and recurrence. Through a cell surface marker screen, we identified that CD142 (tissue factor or F3) is robustly induced in the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-βGal)-positive GBM cells after irradiation. F3 promotes clonal expansion of irradiated SA-βGal+ GBM cells and orchestrates oncogenic TME remodeling by activating both tumor-autonomous signaling and extrinsic coagulation pathways. Intratumoral F3 signaling induces a mesenchymal-like cell state transition and elevated chemokine secretion. Simultaneously, F3-mediated focal hypercoagulation states lead to activation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. A newly developed F3-targeting agent potently inhibits the aforementioned oncogenic events and impedes tumor relapse in vivo. These findings support F3 as a critical regulator for therapeutic resistance and oncogenic senescence in GBM, opening potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Jeon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeong-Yub Kim
- Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dayna Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Taek Oh
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Woong Jung
- Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gonzalo Pinero
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tanvi Joshi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Takuya Sakaguchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Howard A Fine
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Candece L Gladson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin W Purow
- Department of Neurology, UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Myung Jin Park
- Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Neurosurgery Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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4
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Wang LJ, Feng F, Li JC, Chen TT, Liu LP. Role of heparanase in pulmonary hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1202676. [PMID: 37637421 PMCID: PMC10450954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1202676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological condition of increased pulmonary circulation vascular resistance due to various reasons, which mainly leads to right heart dysfunction and even death, especially in critically ill patients. Although drug interventions have shown some efficacy in improving the hemodynamics of PH patients, the mortality rate remains high. Hence, the identification of new targets and treatment strategies for PH is imperative. Heparanase (HPA) is an enzyme that specifically cleaves the heparan sulfate (HS) side chains in the extracellular matrix, playing critical roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have indicated a close association between HPA and PH, suggesting HPA as a potential therapeutic target. This review examines the involvement of HPA in PH pathogenesis, including its effects on endothelial cells, inflammation, and coagulation. Furthermore, HPA may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PH, and the development of HPA inhibitors holds promise as a targeted therapy for PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fei Feng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Departments of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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5
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Barrett L, Curry N, Abu-Hanna J. Experimental Models of Traumatic Injuries: Do They Capture the Coagulopathy and Underlying Endotheliopathy Induced by Human Trauma? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11174. [PMID: 37446351 PMCID: PMC10343021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with traumatic injury. It describes the spectrum of coagulation abnormalities that occur because of the trauma itself and the body's response to the trauma. These coagulation abnormalities range from hypocoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis, resulting in potentially fatal bleeding, in the early stages of trauma to hypercoagulability, leading to widespread clot formation, in the later stages. Pathological changes in the vascular endothelium and its regulation of haemostasis, a phenomenon known as the endotheliopathy of trauma (EoT), are thought to underlie TIC. Our understanding of EoT and its contribution to TIC remains in its infancy largely due to the scarcity of experimental research. This review discusses the mechanisms employed by the vascular endothelium to regulate haemostasis and their dysregulation following traumatic injury before providing an overview of the available experimental in vitro and in vivo models of trauma and their applicability for the study of the EoT and its contribution to TIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Barrett
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Emergency Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicola Curry
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Jeries Abu-Hanna
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
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Luo T, Zhang Z, Xu J, Liu H, Cai L, Huang G, Wang C, Chen Y, Xia L, Ding X, Wang J, Li X. Atherosclerosis treatment with nanoagent: potential targets, stimulus signals and drug delivery mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1205751. [PMID: 37404681 PMCID: PMC10315585 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the first killer of human health, and it caused up at least 31% of global deaths. Atherosclerosis is one of the main reasons caused CVDs. Oral drug therapy with statins and other lipid-regulating drugs is the conventional treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. However, conventional therapeutic strategies are constrained by low drug utilization and non-target organ injury problems. Micro-nano materials, including particles, liposomes, micelles and bubbles, have been developed as the revolutionized tools for CVDs detection and drug delivery, specifically atherosclerotic targeting treatment. Furthermore, the micro-nano materials also could be designed to intelligently and responsive targeting drug delivering, and then become a promising tool to achieve atherosclerosis precision treatment. This work reviewed the advances in atherosclerosis nanotherapy, including the materials carriers, target sites, responsive model and treatment results. These nanoagents precisely delivery the therapeutic agents to the target atherosclerosis sites, and intelligent and precise release of drugs, which could minimize the potential adverse effects and be more effective in atherosclerosis lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunbin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingzhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xunshi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cirillo P, Cimmino G. New Insights into Antithrombotic Therapy for Cardio- and Cerebrovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Application. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:258. [PMID: 37367423 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis has a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of acute cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Yin Q, Zhang X, Liao S, Huang X, Wan CC, Wang Y. Potential anticoagulant of traditional chinese medicine and novel targets for anticoagulant drugs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154880. [PMID: 37267694 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticoagulants are the main drugs used for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. Currently, anticoagulant drugs are primarily multitarget heparin drugs, single-target FXa inhibitors and FIIa inhibitors. In addition, some traditional Chinese drugs also have anticoagulant effects, but they are not the main direction of treatment at present. But the anticoagulant drugs mentioned above, all have a common side effect is bleeding. Many other anticoagulation targets are under investigation. With further exploration of coagulation mechanism, how to further determine new anticoagulant targets and how to make traditional Chinese medicine play anticoagulant role have become a new field of exploration. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to summarize the recent research progress on coagulation mechanisms, new anticoagulant targets and traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using four electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database and ClinicalTrials.gov, from the inception of the study to 28 Feb 2023. Key words used in the literature search were "anticoagulation", "anticoagulant targets", "new targets", "coagulation mechanisms", "potential anticoagulant", "herb medicine", "botanical medicine", "Chinese medicine", "traditional Chinese medicine", "blood coagulation factor", keywords are linked with AND/OR. Recent findings on coagulation mechanisms, potential anticoagulant targets and traditional Chinese medicine were studied. RESULTS The active components extracted from the Chinese medicinal herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Chuanxiong rhizoma, safflower and Panax notoginseng have obvious anticoagulant effects and can be used as potential anticoagulant drugs, but the risk of bleeding is unclear. TF/FVIIa, FVIII, FIX, FXI, FXII, and FXIII have all been evaluated as targets in animal studies or clinical trials. FIX and FXI are the most studied anticoagulant targets, but FXI inhibitors have shown stronger advantages. CONCLUSION This review of potential anticoagulants provides a comprehensive resource. Literature analysis suggests that FXI inhibitors can be used as potential anticoagulant candidates. In addition, we should not ignore the anticoagulant effect of traditional Chinese medicine, and look forward to more research and the emergence of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Suqing Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Chunpeng Craig Wan
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Post-Harvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang 330045, PR. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China.
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Cimmino G, Conte S, Palumbo D, Sperlongano S, Torella M, Della Corte A, Golino P. The Novel Role of Noncoding RNAs in Modulating Platelet Function: Implications in Activation and Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087650. [PMID: 37108819 PMCID: PMC10144470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently believed that plaque complication, with the consequent superimposed thrombosis, is a key factor in the clinical occurrence of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Platelets are major players in this process. Despite the considerable progress made by the new antithrombotic strategies (P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, new oral anticoagulants, thrombin direct inhibitors, etc.) in terms of a reduction in major cardiovascular events, a significant number of patients with previous ACSs treated with these drugs continue to experience events, indicating that the mechanisms of platelet remain largely unknown. In the last decade, our knowledge of platelet pathophysiology has improved. It has been reported that, in response to physiological and pathological stimuli, platelet activation is accompanied by de novo protein synthesis, through a rapid and particularly well-regulated translation of resident mRNAs of megakaryocytic derivation. Although the platelets are anucleate, they indeed contain an important fraction of mRNAs that can be quickly used for protein synthesis following their activation. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of platelet activation and the interaction with the main cellular components of the vascular wall will open up new perspectives in the treatment of the majority of thrombotic disorders, such as ACSs, stroke, and peripheral artery diseases before and after the acute event. In the present review, we will discuss the novel role of noncoding RNAs in modulating platelet function, highlighting the possible implications in activation and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Lung Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Palumbo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
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10
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Esapa B, Jiang J, Cheung A, Chenoweth A, Thurston DE, Karagiannis SN. Target Antigen Attributes and Their Contributions to Clinically Approved Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) in Haematopoietic and Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061845. [PMID: 36980732 PMCID: PMC10046624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are powerful anti-cancer therapies comprising an antibody joined to a cytotoxic payload through a chemical linker. ADCs exploit the specificity of antibodies for their target antigens, combined with the potency of cytotoxic drugs, to selectively kill target antigen-expressing tumour cells. The recent rapid advancement of the ADC field has so far yielded twelve and eight ADCs approved by the US and EU regulatory bodies, respectively. These serve as effective targeted treatments for several haematological and solid tumour types. In the development of an ADC, the judicious choice of an antibody target antigen with high expression on malignant cells but restricted expression on normal tissues and immune cells is considered crucial to achieve selectivity and potency while minimising on-target off-tumour toxicities. Aside from this paradigm, the selection of an antigen for an ADC requires consideration of several factors relating to the expression pattern and biological features of the target antigen. In this review, we discuss the attributes of antigens selected as targets for antibodies used in clinically approved ADCs for the treatment of haematological and solid malignancies. We discuss target expression, functions, and cellular kinetics, and we consider how these factors might contribute to ADC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamina Esapa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jiexuan Jiang
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alicia Chenoweth
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David E Thurston
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
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11
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Hassan N, Efing J, Kiesel L, Bendas G, Götte M. The Tissue Factor Pathway in Cancer: Overview and Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051524. [PMID: 36900315 PMCID: PMC10001432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, the only focus on tissue factor (TF) in clinical pathophysiology has been on its function as the initiation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade. This obsolete vessel-wall TF dogma is now being challenged by the findings that TF circulates throughout the body as a soluble form, a cell-associated protein, and a binding microparticle. Furthermore, it has been observed that TF is expressed by various cell types, including T-lymphocytes and platelets, and that certain pathological situations, such as chronic and acute inflammatory states, and cancer, may increase its expression and activity. Transmembrane G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors can be proteolytically cleaved by the TF:FVIIa complex that develops when TF binds to Factor VII (PARs). The TF:FVIIa complex can activate integrins, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and PARs in addition to PARs. Cancer cells use these signaling pathways to promote cell division, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the maintenance of cancer stem-like cells. Proteoglycans play a crucial role in the biochemical and mechanical properties of the cellular extracellular matrix, where they control cellular behavior via interacting with transmembrane receptors. For TFPI.fXa complexes, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) may serve as the primary receptor for uptake and degradation. The regulation of TF expression, TF signaling mechanisms, their pathogenic effects, and their therapeutic targeting in cancer are all covered in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Janes Efing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53225 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Cimmino G, Loffredo FS, De Rosa G, Cirillo P. Colchicine in Athero-Thrombosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032483. [PMID: 36768804 PMCID: PMC9917272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have clearly indicated that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis and of its thrombotic complications such as acute coronary syndromes or ischemic stroke. Thus, it has been postulated that the use of anti-inflammatory agents might be extremely useful to improve cardiovascular outcome. Recently, increasing attention has been reserved to one of the oldest plant-derived drugs still in use in clinical practice, colchicine that has been used as drug to treat inflammatory diseases such gout or Mediterranean fever. To date, current guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology have included colchicine as first line choice for treatment of acute and recurrent pericarditis. Moreover, several studies have investigated its role in the clinical scenarios of cardiovascular disease including chronic and acute coronary syndromes with promising results. In this review, starting from a description of the mechanism(s) involved behind its anti-inflammatory effects, we give an overview on its potential effects in atherothrombosis and finally present an updated overview of clinical evidence on the role of this drug in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7064239
| | - Francesco S. Loffredo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Rosa
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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13
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Cimmino G, Conte S, Marra L, Morello A, Morello M, De Rosa G, Pepe M, Sugraliyev A, Golino P, Cirillo P. Uric Acid Induces a Proatherothrombotic Phenotype in Human Endothelial Cells by Imbalancing the Tissue Factor/Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Pathway. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:64-75. [PMID: 36126947 DOI: 10.1055/a-1947-7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several evidence show that elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are associated with the increased risk of developing atherothrombotic cardiovascular events. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED is involved in the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis since dysfunctional cells lose their physiological, antithrombotic properties. We have investigated whether UA might promote ED by modulating the tissue factor (TF)/TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) balance by finally changing the antithrombotic characteristics of endothelial cells. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with increasing doses of UA (up to 9 mg/dL). TF gene and protein expressions were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Surface expression and procoagulant activity were assessed by FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting) analysis and coagulation assay. The mRNA and protein levels of TFPI were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. The roles of inflammasome and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as possible mechanism(s) of action of the UA on TF/TFPI balance were also investigated. RESULTS UA significantly increased TF gene and protein levels, surface expression, and procoagulant activity. In parallel, TFPI levels were significantly reduced. The NF-κB pathways appeared to be involved in modulating these phenomena. Additionally, inflammasome might also play a role. CONCLUSION The present in vitro study shows that one of the mechanisms by which high levels of UA contribute to ED might be the imbalance between TF/TFPI levels in endothelial cells, shifting them to a nonphysiological, prothrombotic phenotype. These UA effects might hypothetically explain, at least in part, the relationship observed between elevated plasma levels of UA and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Conte
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Marra
- SC Cell Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Morello
- Biochemical Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Regionale Molise, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Morello
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Martino Pepe
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Akhmetzhan Sugraliyev
- Department of Internal Disease, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Paolo Golino
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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14
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Saad AA. Unveiling the Great Therapeutic Potential of MASPs as Hemostatic Agents. J Hematol 2022; 11:240-245. [PMID: 36632573 PMCID: PMC9822654 DOI: 10.14740/jh1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdullah Saad
- Unit of Pediatric Hematologic Oncology and BMT, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
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15
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Tissue factor-dependent coagulation activation in intracranial neoplasms: a comparative study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2022; 33:438-448. [PMID: 36165076 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration and activity of tissue factor (TF) and Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) as well as the concentration of thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes in patients with primary and metastatic intracranial neoplasms. The study included 69 patients with an average age of 62 years. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with gliomas, 18 meningioma stage II (M) patients, and 30 metastatic brain tumour cases (Meta). The control group consisted of 30 individuals with a mean age of 57 years. In the plasma of all the participants and in tumour tissue-derived homogenate, the concentrations and activities of TF, TFPI, the concentration of TAT complexes and the concentration of total protein were measured. The results were converted per 1 mg of protein. The concentration of TF was over 80 times higher in the tumour tissue-derived homogenate in respect to patients' plasma levels. Plasma TF activity in intracranial cancer patients was almost six times higher compared with noncancer counterparts, while in the tumour tissue-derived homogenate it was more than 14 times higher than in the intracranial cancer patients' plasma, whereas the concentration of TFPI in the tumour tissue-derived homogenate was significantly lower than in the patients' plasma. However, a significantly higher TFPI activity in the tumour tissue derived than in the patients' plasma was reported. The high concentration and activity of TF, along with the coexisting low concentration and activity of TFPI in the plasma of intracranial tumour patients, is associated with a higher prothrombotic risk in these patients.
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16
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Cimmino G, di Serafino L, Cirillo P. Pathophysiology and mechanisms of Acute Coronary Syndromes: athero-thrombosis, immune-inflammation and beyond. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:351-362. [PMID: 35510629 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2074836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and its acute complications, such as the Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS), is continuously under investigation. Immunity and inflammation seem to play a pivotal role in promoting formation and grow of atherosclerotic plaques. At the same time, plaque rupture followed by both platelets' activation and coagulation cascade induction lead to intracoronary thrombus formation. Although these phenomena might be considered responsible of about 90% of ACS, in up to 5-10% of acute syndromes a non-obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) might be documented. This paper gives an overview on athero-thrombosis and immuno-inflammation processes involved in ACS pathophysiology also emphasizing the pathological mechanisms potentially involved in MINOCA. AREAS COVERED The relationship between immuno-inflammation and atherothrombosis is continuously updated by recent findings. At the same time, pathophysiology of MINOCA still remains a partially unexplored field, stimulating the research of potential links between these two aspects of ACS pathophysiology. EXPERT OPINION Pathophysyiology of ACS has been extensively investigated; however, several grey areas still remain. MINOCA represents one of these areas. At the same time, many aspects of immune-inflammation processes are still unknown. Thus, research should be continued to shed a brighter light on both these sides of "ACS" moon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi di Serafino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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17
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Expression of tissue factor and TF-mediated integrin regulation in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103473. [PMID: 35030354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Placenta is a crucial source of Tissue Factor (TF) to initiate coagulation. As far as the TF is concern, aberrant expression of TF has been reported to have a significant role in thrombosis, inflammation, cancer metastasis and atherosclerosis. It is evident that TF and TF-FVIIa complex has major roles in the disease process beyond hemostasis and thrombosis. On the other hand, TF-FVII-dependent signaling primarily activates PAR2 and inducing pro-angiogenic and immune-modulating cytokines in tumor environment. However, the role of TF has not been delineated in placental functions. Integrin typically binds to the extracellular matrix which in turn mediate cell-cell adhesion and cell behavior for migration. Dysregulation of integrin expression affects cell interaction, proliferation, and migration. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain the expression of TF in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line and its role in signal transduction of integrin (ITGα1, ITGα2, ITGβ1) regulation concerning the invasion of trophoblasts. We have used RT-PCR and Western blot for the gene and protein expression analysis respectively. In addition, cell migration assays, MTT, and DAPI were performed to examine migration, cytotoxicity and apoptosis effect of FVIIa. The results suggest that the gene and protein level expressions of TF were predominant in HTR-8/SVneo cell line. Further, the cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells were not observed when treated with FVIIa. The cells treated with FVIIa shown a dose-dependent up-regulation of integrin(s) (**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05) when compared to control. Migration of the HTR-8/SVneo cells was observed without any apoptosis in FVIIa-treated cells when compared to that of control. On the whole, these observations delineated the TF-FVIIa interaction in modulating the TF-dependent integrin signal transduction in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line.
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18
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Sun Y, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Yu P, Su X, Song Y, Wang M, Li Y, Zhao L. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioma cells promotes tissue factor expression via the miR200a/ZEB1 axis. Brain Res 2022; 1778:147782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Navarro S, Stegner D, Nieswandt B, Heemskerk JWM, Kuijpers MJE. Temporal Roles of Platelet and Coagulation Pathways in Collagen- and Tissue Factor-Induced Thrombus Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010358. [PMID: 35008781 PMCID: PMC8745329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In hemostasis and thrombosis, the complex process of thrombus formation involves different molecular pathways of platelet and coagulation activation. These pathways are considered as operating together at the same time, but this has not been investigated. The objective of our study was to elucidate the time-dependency of key pathways of thrombus and clot formation, initiated by collagen and tissue factor surfaces, where coagulation is triggered via the extrinsic route. Therefore, we adapted a microfluidics whole-blood assay with the Maastricht flow chamber to acutely block molecular pathways by pharmacological intervention at desired time points. Application of the technique revealed crucial roles of glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-induced platelet signaling via Syk kinase as well as factor VIIa-induced thrombin generation, which were confined to the first minutes of thrombus buildup. A novel anti-GPVI Fab EMF-1 was used for this purpose. In addition, platelet activation with the protease-activating receptors 1/4 (PAR1/4) and integrin αIIbβ3 appeared to be prolongedly active and extended to later stages of thrombus and clot formation. This work thereby revealed a more persistent contribution of thrombin receptor-induced platelet activation than of collagen receptor-induced platelet activation to the thrombotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Navarro
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (D.S.); (B.N.)
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (D.S.); (B.N.)
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (D.S.); (B.N.)
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6214 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.); Tel.: +31-43-3881674 (M.J.E.K.)
| | - Marijke J. E. Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.); Tel.: +31-43-3881674 (M.J.E.K.)
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20
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Agostinis C, Mangogna A, Balduit A, Aghamajidi A, Ricci G, Kishore U, Bulla R. COVID-19, Pre-Eclampsia, and Complement System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775168. [PMID: 34868042 PMCID: PMC8635918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by virus-induced injury leading to multi-organ failure, together with inflammatory reaction, endothelial cell (EC) injury, and prothrombotic coagulopathy with thrombotic events. Complement system (C) via its cross-talk with the contact and coagulation systems contributes significantly to the severity and pathological consequences due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These immunopathological mechanisms overlap in COVID-19 and pre-eclampsia (PE). Thus, mothers contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy are more vulnerable to developing PE. SARS-CoV-2 infection of ECs, via its receptor ACE2 and co-receptor TMPRSS2, can provoke endothelial dysfunction and disruption of vascular integrity, causing hyperinflammation and hypercoagulability. This is aggravated by bradykinin increase due to inhibition of ACE2 activity by the virus. C is important for the progression of normal pregnancy, and its dysregulation can impact in the form of PE-like syndrome as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, there is also an overlap between treatment regimens of COVID-19 and PE. C inhibitors, especially those targeting C3 or MASP-2, are exciting options for treating COVID-19 and consequent PE. In this review, we examine the role of C, contact and coagulation systems as well as endothelial hyperactivation with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and likely development of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Balduit
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Azin Aghamajidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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21
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Emadi-Baygi M, Ehsanifard M, Afrashtehpour N, Norouzi M, Joz-Abbasalian Z. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a System-Level Infectious Disease With Distinct Sex Disparities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:778913. [PMID: 34912345 PMCID: PMC8667725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current global pandemic of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19, has infected millions of people and continues to pose a threat to many more. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important player of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) expressed on the surface of the lung, heart, kidney, neurons, and endothelial cells, which mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells. The cytokine storms of COVID-19 arise from the large recruitment of immune cells because of the dis-synchronized hyperactive immune system, lead to many abnormalities including hyper-inflammation, endotheliopathy, and hypercoagulability that produce multi-organ dysfunction and increased the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis resulting in more severe illness and mortality. We discuss the aberrated interconnectedness and forthcoming crosstalks between immunity, the endothelium, and coagulation, as well as how sex disparities affect the severity and outcome of COVID-19 and harm men especially. Further, our conceptual framework may help to explain why persistent symptoms, such as reduced physical fitness and fatigue during long COVID, may be rooted in the clotting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modjtaba Emadi-Baygi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ehsanifard
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Najmeh Afrashtehpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Norouzi
- Department of Research and Development, Erythrogen Medical Genetics Lab, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Joz-Abbasalian
- Clinical Laboratory, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Kapopara PR, Safikhan NS, Huang JL, Meixner SC, Gonzalez K, Loghmani H, Ruf W, Mast AE, Lei V, Pryzdial EL, Conway EM. CD248 enhances tissue factor procoagulant function, promoting arterial and venous thrombosis in mouse models. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1932-1947. [PMID: 33830628 PMCID: PMC8571649 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD248 is a pro-inflammatory, transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes/macrophages, and other cells of mesenchymal origin. Its distribution and properties are reminiscent of those of the initiator of coagulation, tissue factor (TF). OBJECTIVE We examined whether CD248 also participates in thrombosis. METHODS We evaluated the role of CD248 in coagulation using mouse models of vascular injury, and by assessing its functional interaction with the TF-factor VIIa (FVIIa)-factor X (FX) complex. RESULTS The time to ferric chloride-induced occlusion of the carotid artery in CD248 knockout (KO) mice was significantly longer than in wild-type (WT) mice. In an inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis model of thrombosis, lack of CD248 conferred relative resistance to thrombus formation compared to WT mice. Levels of circulating cells and coagulation factors, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and tail bleeding times were similar in both groups. Proximity ligation assays revealed that TF and CD248 are <40 nm apart, suggesting a potential functional relationship. Expression of CD248 by murine and human VSMCs, and by a monocytic cell line, significantly augmented TF-FVIIa-mediated activation of FX, which was not due to differential expression or encryption of TF, altered exposure of phosphatidylserine or differences in tissue factor pathway inhibitor expression. Rather, conformation-specific antibodies showed that CD248 induces allosteric changes in the TF-FVIIa-FX complex that facilitates FX activation by TF-FVIIa. CONCLUSION CD248 is a newly uncovered protein partner and potential therapeutic target in the TF-FVIIa-FX macromolecular complex that modulates coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyushkumar R. Kapopara
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nooshin S. Safikhan
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jenny L. Huang
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott C. Meixner
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Gonzalez
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Houra Loghmani
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alan E. Mast
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Victor Lei
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edward L.G. Pryzdial
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edward M. Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Humphries TLR, Shen K, Iyer A, Johnson DW, Gobe GC, Nikolic-Paterson D, Fairlie DP, Vesey DA. PAR2-Induced Tissue Factor Synthesis by Primary Cultures of Human Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells Is Modified by Glucose Availability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147532. [PMID: 34299151 PMCID: PMC8304776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulopathies common to patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not fully understood. Fibrin deposits in the kidney suggest the local presence of clotting factors including tissue factor (TF). In this study, we investigated the effect of glucose availability on the synthesis of TF by cultured human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HTECs) in response to activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). PAR2 activation by peptide 2f-LIGRLO-NH2 (2F, 2 µM) enhanced the synthesis and secretion of active TF (~45 kDa) which was blocked by a PAR2 antagonist (I-191). Treatment with 2F also significantly increased the consumption of glucose from the cell medium and lactate secretion. Culturing HTECs in 25 mM glucose enhanced TF synthesis and secretion over 5 mM glucose, while addition of 5 mM 2-deoxyglucose (2DOG) significantly decreased TF synthesis and reduced its molecular weight (~40 kDa). Blocking glycosylation with tunicamycin also reduced 2F-induced TF synthesis while reducing its molecular weight (~36 kDa). In conclusion, PAR2-induced TF synthesis in HTECs is enhanced by culture in high concentrations of glucose and suppressed by inhibiting either PAR2 activation (I-191), glycolysis (2DOG) or glycosylation (tunicamycin). These results may help explain how elevated concentrations of glucose promote clotting abnormities in diabetic kidney disease. The application of PAR2 antagonists to treat CKD should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone L. R. Humphries
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Kunyu Shen
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (D.P.F.)
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David W. Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
- Department of Nephrology, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Glenda C. Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre and Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (D.P.F.)
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Vesey
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
- Department of Nephrology, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3443-8013
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Zhang R, Lu S, Yang X, Li M, Jia H, Liao J, Jing Q, Wu Y, Wang H, Xiao F, Bai X, Na X, Kang Y, Wan L, Yang J. miR-19a-3p downregulates tissue factor and functions as a potential therapeutic target for sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114671. [PMID: 34246626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common life-threatening terminal-stage disease with high mortality. This study aimed to identify effective miRNAs as therapeutic targets for DIC. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter gene analyses were performed to predict miR-19a-3p and validate that it targets tissue factor (TF). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-19a-3p and TF, and TF procoagulant activity was determined using the chromogenic substrate method. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of TF, AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P65, NFKB inhibitor alpha (IκB-a) and their phosphorylated counterparts in cell experiments. Furthermore, a rat model was established to explore the potential of miR-19a-3p in DIC treatment. As a result, a human clinical study revealed that miR-19a-3p was downregulated and that TF was upregulated in neonates with sepsis-induced DIC compared with those in the control group. The luciferase reporter assay showed that TF was a direct target of miR-19a-3p. Cell experiments verified that the mRNA and protein levels of TF, and the p-AKT/AKT, p-Erk/Erk, p-P65/P65, p-IκB-a/IκB-a ratios, and TF procoagulant activity were significantly decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inhibited by overexpression of miR-19a-3p, and that miR-19a-3p regulating TF was dependent on the NF-kB and AKT pathways. In vivo, miR-19a-3p injection into DIC rats suppressed the mRNA expression of TF; more importantly, significant improvements in coagulation function indicators and in histopathologies of lung and kidney were observed. In conclusion, miR-19a-3p may suppress DIC by targeting TF and might be a potential therapeutic target in treating sepsis-induced DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Sifen Lu
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xudan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Maojun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Hui Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Qing Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yanmei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xiaohong Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xiaoxue Na
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yulin Kang
- Institute of Environmental Information, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Ling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Jiyun Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West section2, 1st ring road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
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Myeloid cell-derived coagulation tissue factor is associated with renal tubular damage in mice fed an adenine diet. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12159. [PMID: 34108522 PMCID: PMC8190319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly exhibit hypercoagulability. Increased levels of uremic toxins cause thrombogenicity by increasing tissue factor (TF) expression and activating the extrinsic coagulation cascade. TF is induced in monocytes and macrophages under pathological conditions, such as inflammatory diseases. However, the role of monocyte myeloid cell TF in CKD progression remains unclear. We aimed to clarify this issue, and the present study found that patients with CKD had elevated levels of D-dimer, a marker of fibrin degradation, which was associated with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and increased serum levels of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate. In vitro studies showed that several uremic toxins increased cellular TF levels in monocytic THP-1 cells. Mice with TF specifically deleted in myeloid cells were fed an adenine diet to cause uremic kidney injury. Myeloid TF deletion reduced tubular injury and pro-inflammatory gene expression in the kidneys of adenine-induced CKD but did not improve renal function as measured by plasma creatinine or blood urea nitrogen. Collectively, our findings suggest a novel concept of pathogenesis of coagulation-mediated kidney injury, in which elevated TF levels in monocytes under uremic conditions is partly involved in the development of CKD.
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Mikhailova MM, Volobueva MN, Panteleyev AA. Mechanisms driving the initiation and direction of endothelial sprouting in organotypic co-culture of aorta and spinal cord tissues. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:679-687. [PMID: 33904209 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The resumption of blood supply in spinal cord (SC) after injury is a prerequisite of its recovery. To expose the mechanisms of damaged SC revascularization we have used an organotypic SC/aortic fragments (AF) co-culture where, as we showed previously, damaged SC tissue induces AF cell sprouting but repels them away. Supplementation of culture medium with exogenous VEGF-A165 redirects the migrating aortic endothelial cells towards SC tissue. This effect and the pattern of sFlt1 expression (a soluble form of VEGFR1) suggest that the low level of SC-secreted VEGF and the presence of sFlt1 in SC slices together prevent the migration of aortic CD31+ cells to the SC in the absence of exogenous VEGF. VEGF-A165 supplementation sequesters this inhibitory activity of sFlt1 by direct binding thus allowing CD31+ cell migration in to SC tissue. Proteome analysis has shown that migration/proliferation of CD31+ and αSMA+ aortic cells in neuronal culture medium used in our SC/AF model (which obstruct sprouting by itself) was resumed by combined action of several pro- (aFGF, bFGF, Osteopontin, TF, IGFBP2, SDF1) and anti-angiogenic (Endostatin/Collagen18) factors. The mutual influence of AF and SC tissues is a key factor balancing these factors and thus driving endothelial sprouting in SC injury zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya M Mikhailova
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria N Volobueva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Panteleyev
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Jang YJ, Kim HK, Choi BC, Song SJ, Park JI, Chun SY, Cho MK. Expression of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitors during ovulation in rats: a relevance to the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:52. [PMID: 33794911 PMCID: PMC8017805 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood coagulation has been associated with ovulation and female infertility. In this study, the expression of the tissue factor system was examined during ovulation in immature rats; the correlation between tissue factor and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was evaluated both in rats and human follicular fluids. METHODS Ovaries were obtained at various times after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection to investigate the expression of tissue factor system. Expression levels of ovarian tissue factor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (Tfpi)-1 and Tfpi-2 genes and proteins were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, respectively. Expression levels of tissue factor system were also investigated in ovaries of OHSS-induced rats and in follicular fluid of infertile women. RESULTS The expression of tissue factor in the preovulatory follicles was stimulated by hCG, reaching a maximum at 6 h. Tissue factor was expressed in the oocytes and the preovulatory follicles. Tfpi-2 mRNA levels were mainly increased by hCG in the granulosa cells whereas the mRNA levels of Tfpi-1 were decreased by hCG. Human CG-stimulated tissue factor expression was inhibited by the progesterone receptor antagonist. The increase in Tfpi-2 expression by hCG was decreased by the proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist. Decreased expression of the tissue factor was detected in OHSS-induced rats. Interestingly, the tissue factor concentrations in the follicular fluids of women undergoing in vitro fertilization were correlated with pregnancy but not with OHSS. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results indicate that tissue factor and Tfpi-2 expression is stimulated during the ovulatory process in rats; moreover, a correlation exists between the levels of tissue factor and OHSS in rats but not in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jee Jang
- Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Chae Choi
- Center for Recurrent Miscarriage and Infertility, Creation and Love Women's Hospital, Gwangju, 61917, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Song
- Center for Recurrent Miscarriage and Infertility, Creation and Love Women's Hospital, Gwangju, 61917, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Park
- Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Young Chun
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Kyoung Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S. Contribution of STAT3 to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104836. [PMID: 33691172 PMCID: PMC7937040 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-inflammatory responses, lymphopenia, unbalanced immune responses, cytokine storm, large viral replication and massive cell death play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Extreme production of many kinds of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines occur in severe COVID-19 that called cytokine storm. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) present in the cytoplasm in an inactive form and can be stimulated by a vast range of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Thus, STAT-3 can participate in the induction of inflammatory responses during coronavirus infections. STAT-3 can also suppress anti-virus interferon response and induce unbalanced anti-virus adaptive immune response, through influencing Th17-, Th1-, Treg-, and B cell-mediated functions. Furthermore, STAT-3 can contribute to the M2 macrophage polarization, lung fibrosis and thrombosis. Moreover, STAT-3 may be directly targeted by some virus-derived protein and operate as a pro-viral or anti-viral element in a virus-specific process. Here, the possible contribution of STAT-3 to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 was explained, while providing potential approaches to target this transcription factor in an attempt for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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29
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Böhm JK, Schäfer N, Maegele M, Stümpges B, Bauerfeind U, Caspers M. Plasmatic and cell-based enhancement by microparticles originated from platelets and endothelial cells under simulated in vitro conditions of a dilutional coagulopathy. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29:38. [PMID: 33622398 PMCID: PMC7901091 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-021-00847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive fluid management and other external factors may lead to hypothermia, acidosis and hemodilution (defined as Lethal Triad, LT) contributing to a trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) that worsens patients' outcomes. Procoagulant microparticles (MP) are crucial players at the interface of cellular and plasmatic coagulation. However, their functions remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to characterize effects of MP subtypes and concentrations on functional coagulation under in vitro simulated conditions. METHODS Blood from eleven volunteers were collected to simulate in vitro conditions of hemodilution (HD) and LT, respectively. HD was induced by replacing a blood volume of 33% by crystalloids and for LT, samples were further processed by reducing the temperature to 32 °C and lowering the pH to 6.8. MP were obtained either from platelet concentrates (platelet-derived MP, PDMP) or from cell culture (ECV304 cells for endothelial-derived MP, EDMP) by targeted stimulation. After introducing MP to in vitro conditions, we measured their concentration-dependent effects (1.000, 10.000 and 15.000 MP/μl blood) on coagulation compared to whole blood (WB). For each condition, coagulation was characterized by flow cytometric platelet activation and by quantification of fibrin clot propagation using Thrombodynamics® technology. RESULTS MP originated from platelets and endothelial cells affected blood coagulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Particularly, high PDMP quantities (10.000 and 15.000 PDMP/μl blood) significantly induced platelet activation and fibrin clot growth and size in HD conditions. In LT conditions as well, only high PDMP concentration induced platelet activation, clot growth and size. In contrast, EDMP did not induce platelet activation, but resulted in enhanced formation of spontaneous clots, irrespective of simulated condition. With increasing EDMP concentration, the time until the onset of spontaneous clotting decreased in both HD and LT conditions. DISCUSSION The study demonstrates an essential role of MP within the coagulation process under simulated coagulopathic conditions. PDMP affected platelets promoting clot formation likely by providing a surface enlargement. EDMP presumably affected clotting factors of the plasmatic coagulation resulting in an increased formation of spontaneous clots. CONCLUSION Under simulated conditions of a dilutional coagulopathy, MP from different cellular origin indicate a divergent but both procoagulant mechanism within the coagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Böhm
- The Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Department of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Schäfer
- The Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Department of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Maegele
- The Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Department of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Cologne-Merheim Medical Centre (CMMC), Witten/Herdecke University, Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, D-51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Stümpges
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Cologne-Merheim Medical Centre (CMMC), Witten/Herdecke University, Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, D-51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ursula Bauerfeind
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Cologne-Merheim Medical Centre (CMMC), Witten/Herdecke University, Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, D-51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Caspers
- The Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Department of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Cologne-Merheim Medical Centre (CMMC), Witten/Herdecke University, Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, D-51109, Cologne, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in both military and civilian populations. Given the complexity and diversity of traumatic injuries, novel and individualized treatment strategies are required to optimize outcomes. Cellular therapies have potential benefit for the treatment of acute or chronic injuries, and various cell-based pharmaceuticals are currently being tested in preclinical studies or in clinical trials. Cellular therapeutics may have the ability to complement existing therapies, especially in restoring organ function lost due to tissue disruption, prolonged hypoxia or inflammatory damage. In this article we highlight the current status and discuss future directions of cellular therapies for the treatment of traumatic injury. Both published research and ongoing clinical trials are discussed here.
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31
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Colchicine inhibits the prothrombotic effects of oxLDL in human endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 137:106822. [PMID: 33232770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue Factor (TF) plays a pivotal role in coronary thrombosis. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) are crucial in development of atherosclerosclerosis. Moreover, oxLDL are known to induce TF expression on several cell types including endothelial cells. The lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) represent the oxLDL receptor. Colchicine is an anti-mitotic drug recently proven to have beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease via unknown mechanisms. Thus, we aim at investigating colchicine effects on TF expression in oxLDL stimulated human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). Some molecular mechanism(s) potentially involved were investigated. METHODS HUVEC were pre-incubated with colchicine 10 μM for 1 h and then stimulated with oxLDL (50 μg/mL). TF gene (RT-PCR), protein (western blot), surface expression (FACS) and procoagulant activity (FXa generation assay) were measured. TF translocation to cell surface was investigated by immunofluorescence. NF-κB/IκB axis was examined by western blot analysis and translocation assay. Finally, LOX-1 expression was also investigated. RESULTS Colchicine significantly reduced TF gene and protein expression as well as its procoagulant activity in oxLDL-treated HUVEC. These effects seem to be related mainly to action of colchicine on microtubules that, in turn, modulate TF trafficking in the cytoplasm, NF-κB/IκB pathway and LOX-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that one of the hypothetical mechanisms by which colchicine exert protective cardiovascular effects might be its ability to inhibit the pro-thrombotic activity of oxLDL.
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Ethaeb AM, Mohammad MA, Madkhali Y, Featherby S, Maraveyas A, Greenman J, Ettelaie C. Accumulation of tissue factor in endothelial cells promotes cellular apoptosis through over-activation of Src1 and involves β1-integrin signalling. Apoptosis 2020; 25:29-41. [PMID: 31654241 PMCID: PMC6965344 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of tissue factor (TF) within cells leads to cellular apoptosis mediated through p38 and p53 pathways. In this study, the involvement of Src1 in the induction of TF-mediated cell apoptosis, and the mechanisms of Src1 activation were investigated. Human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) were transfected with plasmids to express the wild-type TF (TFWt-tGFP), or a mutant (Ser253 → Ala) which is incapable of being released from cells (TFAla253-tGFP). The cells were then activated with PAR2-agonist peptide (SLIGKV-NH) and the phosphorylation of Src and Rac, and also the kinase activity of Src were assessed. Transfected cells were also pre-incubated with pp60c Src inhibitor, FAK inhibitor-14, or a blocking anti-β1-integrin antibody prior to activation and the phosphorylation of p38 as well as cellular apoptosis was examined. Finally, cells were co-transfected with the plasmids, together with a Src1-specific siRNA, activated as above and the cellular apoptosis measured. Activation of PAR2 lead to the phosphorylation of Src1 and Rac1 proteins at 60 min regardless of TF expression. Moreover, Src phosphorylation and kinase activity was prolonged up to 100 min in the presence of TF, with a significantly higher magnitude when the non-releasable TFAla253-tGFP was expressed in HCAEC. Inhibition of Src with pp60c, or suppression of Src1 expression in cells, reduced p38 phosphorylation and prevented cellular apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of FAK had no significant influence on Src kinase activity or cellular apoptosis. Finally, pre-incubation of cells with an inhibitory anti-β1-integrin antibody reduced both Src1 activation and cellular apoptosis. Our data show for the first time that the over-activation of Src1 is a mediator of TF-induced cellular apoptosis in endothelial cells through a mechanism that is dependent on its interaction with β1-integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Ethaeb
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wasit, Kut, Iraq
| | | | - Yahya Madkhali
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sophie Featherby
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Anthony Maraveyas
- Division of Cancer-Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Camille Ettelaie
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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33
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Matsuyama T, Kubli SP, Yoshinaga SK, Pfeffer K, Mak TW. An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020. [PMID: 33037393 DOI: 10.1038/s41418‐020‐00633‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shawn P Kubli
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong.
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34
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An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3209-3225. [PMID: 33037393 PMCID: PMC7545020 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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35
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Porphyromonas gingivalis triggers the shedding of inflammatory endothelial microvesicles that act as autocrine effectors of endothelial dysfunction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1778. [PMID: 32019950 PMCID: PMC7000667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A link between periodontitis and atherothrombosis has been highlighted. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Porphyromonas gingivalis on endothelial microvesicles (EMVPg) shedding and their contribution to endothelial inflammation. Endothelial cells (EC) were infected with P. gingivalis (MOI = 100) for 24 h. EMVPg were isolated and their concentration was evaluated by prothrombinase assay. EMVPg were significantly increased in comparison with EMVCtrl shedded by unstimulated cells. While EMVCtrl from untreated EC had no effect, whereas, the proportion of apoptotic EC was increased by 30 nM EMVPg and viability was decreased down to 25%, a value elicited by P. gingivalis alone. Moreover, high concentration of EMVPg (30 nM) induced a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative cell response including up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 as well as an altered expression of iNOS and eNOS at both mRNA and protein level. An increase of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA expression (4.5 folds and 3 folds respectively (p < 0.05 vs untreated) was also observed after EMVPg (30 nM) stimulation whereas P. gingivalis infection was less effective, suggesting a specific triggering by EMVPg. Kinasome analysis demonstrated the specific effect induced by EMVPg on main pro-inflammatory pathways including JNK/AKT and STAT. EMVPg are effective pro-inflammatory effectors that may have detrimental effect on vascular homeostasis and should be considered as potential autocrine and paracrine effectors involved in the link between periodontitis and atherothrombosis.
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36
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Zhao L, Sun L, Zheng X, Liu J, Zheng R, Yang R, Wang Y. Alterations in complement and coagulation pathways of human placentae subjected to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in the first trimester. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17031. [PMID: 31689742 PMCID: PMC6946305 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the potential risks of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore changes in the complement and coagulation pathways in placentae subjected to IVF-ET in the first trimester compared to placentae from normal pregnancies. Four placenta samples in the first trimester were obtained from patients undergoing IVF-ET owing to oviductal factors only. An additional 4 control placentae were obtained from volunteers with normal pregnancies. A GeneChip Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 Array was utilized to analyze the changes in gene expression between the normal and IVF-ET placentae. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the Database for Annotation and Visualization and Integrated Discovery bioinformatics resource, and gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted. Using real-time PCR, we confirmed the obtained microarray data in 10 dysregulated genes. Five of the gene products were further analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine their protein expression and localization. A total of fifty DEGs were identified in the complement and coagulation pathways in the IVF-ET treated placentae: 38 upregulated and 12 down-regulated. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that IVF-ET manipulation substantially over-activated the coagulation and complement pathways, while urokinase plasminogen activator- and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-mediated trophoblastic invasion and tissue remodeling were inhibited. Furthermore, the 5 proteins analyzed by IHC were found to be localized specifically to the placenta. This is the first study to compare DEGs relating to the placental complement and coagulation pathways from patients undergoing IVF-ET treatment compared to those undergoing normal pregnancy. These findings identified valuable biomarkers and potential novel therapeutic targets to combat the unfavorable effects of IVF-ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
| | - Lifang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
| | - Jingfang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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37
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Hofbauer TM, Mangold A, Scherz T, Seidl V, Panzenböck A, Ondracek AS, Müller J, Schneider M, Binder T, Hell L, Lang IM. Neutrophil extracellular traps and fibrocytes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:33. [PMID: 31312919 PMCID: PMC6647191 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte-mediated inflammation is central in atherothrombosis and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to enhance atherothrombosis and stimulate fibroblast function. We analyzed the effects of NETs on cardiac remodeling after STEMI. We measured double-stranded (ds)DNA and citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) as NET surrogate markers in human culprit site and femoral blood collected during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 50). Fibrocytes were characterized in whole blood by flow cytometry, and in culprit site thrombi and myocardium by immunofluorescence. To investigate mechanisms of fibrocyte activation, isolated NETs were used to induce fibrocyte responses in vitro. Enzymatic infarct size was assessed using creatine-phosphokinase isoform MB area under the curve. Left ventricular function was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. NET surrogate markers were increased at the culprit site compared to the femoral site and were positively correlated with infarct size and left ventricular dysfunction at follow-up. In vitro, NETs promoted fibrocyte differentiation from monocytes and induced fibrocyte activation. Highly activated fibrocytes accumulated at the culprit site and in the infarct transition zone. Our data suggest that NETs might be important mediators of fibrotic remodeling after STEMI, possibly by stimulating fibrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Hofbauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Mangold
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Scherz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Seidl
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Panzenböck
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna S Ondracek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Müller
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Binder
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Hell
- Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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38
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Liu X, Gorzelanny C, Schneider SW. Platelets in Skin Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1453. [PMID: 31333641 PMCID: PMC6620619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and small vessel vasculitis are three autoimmune diseases frequently manifested in the skin. They share common pathogenic features, including production of autoantibodies, loss of tolerance to self-antigens, tissue necrosis and fibrosis, vasculopathy and activation of the coagulation system. Platelets occupy a central part within the coagulation cascade and are well-recognized for their hemostatic role. However, recent cumulative evidence implicates their additional and multifaceted immunoregulatory functions. Platelets express immune receptors and they store growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in their granules enabling a significant contribution to inflammation. A plethora of activating triggers such as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged endothelial cells, immune complexes, or complement effector molecules can mediate platelet activation. Activated platelets further foster an inflammatory environment and the crosstalk with the endothelium and leukocytes by the release of immunoactive molecules and microparticles. Further insight into the pathogenic implications of platelet activation will pave the way for new therapeutic strategies targeting autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the inflammatory functions of platelets and their mechanistic contribution to the pathophysiology of SSc, ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis and other autoimmune diseases affecting the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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39
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Shander A, Görlinger K. Blindspots and limitations in viscoelastic testing in pregnancy. Int J Obstet Anesth 2019; 38:4-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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