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Rypdal KB, Apte SS, Lunde IG. Emerging roles for the ADAMTS-like family of matricellular proteins in cardiovascular disease through regulation of the extracellular microenvironment. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:280. [PMID: 38324186 PMCID: PMC10850197 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs widely across cardiovascular pathologies. Recent work has revealed important roles for the «a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin-type 1 motifs like" (ADAMTSL) family of secreted glycoproteins in cardiovascular tissues during development and disease. Key insights in this regard have come from naturally occurring gene mutations in humans and animals that result in severe diseases with cardiovascular manifestations or aortopathies. Expression of ADAMTSL genes is greatly increased in the myocardium during heart failure. Genetically modified mice recapitulate phenotypes of patients with ADAMTSL mutations and demonstrate important functions in the ECM. The novel functions thus disclosed are intriguing because, while these proteins are neither structural, nor proteases like the related ADAMTS proteases, they appear to act as regulatory, i.e., matricellular proteins. Evidence from genetic variants, genetically engineered mouse mutants, and in vitro investigations have revealed regulatory functions of ADAMTSLs related to fibrillin microfibrils and growth factor signaling. Interestingly, the ability to regulate transforming growth factor (TGF)β signaling may be a shared characteristic of some ADAMTSLs. TGFβ signaling is important in cardiovascular development, health and disease and a central driver of ECM remodeling and cardiac fibrosis. New strategies to target dysregulated TGFβ signaling are warranted in aortopathies and cardiac fibrosis. With their emerging roles in cardiovascular tissues, the ADAMTSL proteins may provide causative genes, diagnostic biomarkers and novel treatment targets in cardiovascular disease. Here, we discuss the relevance of ADAMTSLs to cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Bjarnesdatter Rypdal
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Oslo Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ida G Lunde
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Nauffal V, Di Achille P, Klarqvist MDR, Cunningham JW, Hill MC, Pirruccello JP, Weng LC, Morrill VN, Choi SH, Khurshid S, Friedman SF, Nekoui M, Roselli C, Ng K, Philippakis AA, Batra P, Ellinor PT, Lubitz SA. Genetics of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the human heart and association with disease. Nat Genet 2023; 55:777-786. [PMID: 37081215 PMCID: PMC11107861 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis is associated with cardiovascular disease and adverse prognosis. Here, to investigate the biological pathways that underlie fibrosis in the human heart, we developed a machine learning model to measure native myocardial T1 time, a marker of myocardial fibrosis, in 41,505 UK Biobank participants who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Greater T1 time was associated with diabetes mellitus, renal disease, aortic stenosis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, conduction disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Genome-wide association analysis identified 11 independent loci associated with T1 time. The identified loci implicated genes involved in glucose transport (SLC2A12), iron homeostasis (HFE, TMPRSS6), tissue repair (ADAMTSL1, VEGFC), oxidative stress (SOD2), cardiac hypertrophy (MYH7B) and calcium signaling (CAMK2D). Using a transforming growth factor β1-mediated cardiac fibroblast activation assay, we found that 9 of the 11 loci consisted of genes that exhibited temporal changes in expression or open chromatin conformation supporting their biological relevance to myofibroblast cell state acquisition. By harnessing machine learning to perform large-scale quantification of myocardial interstitial fibrosis using cardiac imaging, we validate associations between cardiac fibrosis and disease, and identify new biologically relevant pathways underlying fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nauffal
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Di Achille
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan W Cunningham
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C Hill
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James P Pirruccello
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie N Morrill
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shaan Khurshid
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel F Friedman
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mahan Nekoui
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kenney Ng
- Center for Computational Health, IBM Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony A Philippakis
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Puneet Batra
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Khanam R, Sengupta A, Mukhopadhyay D, Chakraborty S. Identification of Adamts4 as a novel adult cardiac injury biomarker with therapeutic implications in patients with cardiac injuries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9898. [PMID: 35701493 PMCID: PMC9197855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac remodeling as an aftermath of a severe cardiac injury can lead to ventricular dysfunction and subsequent heart failure. Adamts4, a metalloproteinase, and disintegrin with thrombospondin-like motif, involved in the turnover of certain extracellular matrix molecules and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, also plays a role in cardiac remodeling although little is presently known about its expression and function in the heart. Here, we have investigated the dynamic expression pattern of Adamts4 during cardiogenesis and also in the adult heart. To our surprise, adult cardiac injury reactivated Adamts4 expression concomitant with fibrosis induction. To better understand the mechanism, cultured H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells were subjected to ROS injury and Hypoxia. Moreover, through combinatorial treatment with SB431542 (an inhibitor of Tgf-β1), and Adamts4 siRNA mediated gene knockdown, we were able to decipher a regulatory hierarchy to the signal cascade being at the heart of Tgf-β regulation. Besides the hallmark expression of Adamts4 and Tgf-β1, expression of other fibrosis-related markers like Collagen-III, alpha-SMA and Periostin were also assessed. Finally, increased levels of Adamts4 and alpha-SMA proteins in cardiac patients also resonated well with our animal and cell culture studies. Overall, in this study, we highlight, Adamts4 as a novel biomarker of adult cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Khanam
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Dipankar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, India
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4
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Wang M, Qian L, Li J, Ming H, Fang L, Li Y, Zhang M, Xu Y, Ban Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang N. GHSR deficiency exacerbates cardiac fibrosis: role in macrophage inflammasome activation and myofibroblast differentiation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:2091-2102. [PMID: 31790138 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sustained activation of β-adrenergic signalling induces cardiac fibrosis, which marks progression to heart failure. GHSR (growth hormone secretagogue receptor) is the receptor for ghrelin, which is an orexigenic gastric hormone with newly defined cardiovascular effects. The present study determined the effects of GHSR deficiency in a mouse model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac fibrosis and examined the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Histochemical studies showed that GHSR deficiency exacerbated cardiac fibrosis. Quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that cardiac fibroblasts isolated from GHSR-/- mice exhibited increased expression of marker genes for myofibroblast trans-differentiation (α-SMA, SM22, and calponin) upon transforming growth factor-β treatment compared to wild-type mice. RNA-sequencing of heart transcriptomes revealed that differentially expressed genes in GHSR-/- hearts were enriched in such biological processes as extracellular matrix organization, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, cell cycle, migration, and adhesion. Particularly, GHSR deficiency increased Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis. In addition, loss of GHSR in macrophages instigated inflammasome activation with increased cleavage and release of interleukin-18. CONCLUSION These results for the first time demonstrated that GHSR deficiency aggravated ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis, suggesting that GHSR was a potential target for the intervention of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Qian
- The Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ming
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjia Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohua Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqian Ban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Institute of Vascular Medicine, The Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,The Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Zhou S, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhu Y, He Z, Zhang C. Exosome-derived long non-coding RNA ADAMTS9-AS2 suppresses progression of oral submucous fibrosis via AKT signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:2262-2273. [PMID: 33345447 PMCID: PMC7882956 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is one of the pre‐cancerous lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Its malignant rate is increasing, but the mechanism of malignancy is not clear. We previously have elucidated the long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile during OSF progression at the genome‐wide level. However, the role of lncRNA ADAMTS9‐AS2 in OSF progression via extracellular communication remains unclear. lncRNA ADAMTS9‐AS2 is down‐regulated in OSCC tissues compared with OSF and normal mucous tissues. Low ADAMTS9‐AS2 expression is associated with poor overall survival. ADAMTS9‐AS2 is frequently methylated in OSCC tissues, but not in normal oral mucous and OSF tissues, suggesting tumour‐specific methylation. Functional studies reveal that exosomal ADAMTS9‐AS2 suppresses OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, exosomal ADAMTS9‐AS2 inhibits AKT signalling pathway and regulates epithelial‐mesenchymal transition markers. Through profiling miRNA expression profile regulated by exosomal ADAMTS9‐AS2, significantly enriched pathways include metabolic pathway, PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway and pathways in cancer, indicating that exosomal ADAMTS9‐AS2 exerts its functions through interacting with miRNAs during OSF progression. Thus, our findings highlight the crucial role of ADAMTS9‐AS2 in the cell microenvironment during OSF carcinogenesis, which is expected to become a marker for early diagnosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghui Zhou
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonggan Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijing He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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6
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Keeley DP, Hastie E, Jayadev R, Kelley LC, Chi Q, Payne SG, Jeger JL, Hoffman BD, Sherwood DR. Comprehensive Endogenous Tagging of Basement Membrane Components Reveals Dynamic Movement within the Matrix Scaffolding. Dev Cell 2020; 54:60-74.e7. [PMID: 32585132 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are supramolecular matrices built on laminin and type IV collagen networks that provide structural and signaling support to tissues. BM complexity, however, has hindered an understanding of its formation, dynamics, and regulation. Using genome editing, we tagged 29 BM matrix components and receptors in C. elegans with mNeonGreen. Here, we report a common template that initiates BM formation, which rapidly diversifies during tissue differentiation. Through photobleaching studies, we show that BMs are not static-surprisingly, many matrix proteins move within the laminin and collagen scaffoldings. Finally, quantitative imaging, conditional knockdown, and optical highlighting indicate that papilin, a poorly studied glycoprotein, is the most abundant component in the gonadal BM, where it facilitates type IV collagen removal during BM expansion and tissue growth. Together, this work introduces methods for holistic investigation of BM regulation and reveals that BMs are highly dynamic and capable of rapid change to support tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Keeley
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eric Hastie
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ranjay Jayadev
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Laura C Kelley
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sara G Payne
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan L Jeger
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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7
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Perrucci GL, Rurali E, Corlianò M, Balzo M, Piccoli M, Moschetta D, Pini A, Gaetano R, Antona C, Egea G, Fischer G, Malešević M, Alamanni F, Cogliati E, Paolin A, Pompilio G, Nigro P. Cyclophilin A/EMMPRIN Axis Is Involved in Pro-Fibrotic Processes Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm of Marfan Syndrome Patients. Cells 2020; 9:E154. [PMID: 31936351 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disease, characterized by thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), which treatment is to date purely surgical. Understanding of novel molecular targets is mandatory to unveil effective pharmacological approaches. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) and its receptor EMMPRIN are associated with several cardiovascular diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm. Here, we envisioned the contribution of CyPA/EMMPRIN axis in MFS-related TAA. Methods: We obtained thoracic aortic samples from healthy controls (HC) and MFS patients’ aortas and then isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from the aortic wall. Results: our findings revealed that MFS aortic tissue samples isolated from the dilated zone of aorta showed higher expression levels of EMMPRIN vs. MFS non-dilated aorta and HC. Interestingly, angiotensin II significantly stimulated CyPA secretion in MFS-derived VSMC (MFS-VSMC). CyPA treatment on MFS-VSMC led to increased levels of EMMPRIN and other MFS-associated pro-fibrotic mediators, such as TGF-β1 and collagen I. These molecules were downregulated by in vitro treatment with CyPA inhibitor MM284. Our results suggest that CyPA/EMMPRIN axis is involved in MFS-related TAA development, since EMMPRIN is upregulated in the dilated zone of MFS patients’ TAA and the inhibition of its ligand, CyPA, downregulated EMMPRIN and MFS-related markers in MFS-VSMC. Conclusions: these insights suggest both a novel detrimental role for CyPA/EMMPRIN axis and its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for MFS-related TAA treatment.
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8
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Li X, Weng X, Shi H, Gao R, Wang P, Jia D, Zhang S, Dong Z, Sun X, Yang J, Wang Z, Liu R, Li Y, Qiu Z, Hu K, Sun A, Ge J. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency exacerbates cardiac fibrosis by promoting mobilization and homing of bone marrow fibroblast progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 137:107-18. [PMID: 31668970 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common feature of various cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies showed that acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency exacerbated pressure overload-induced heart failure. However, the role and mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis in this process remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ALDH2 deficiency on cardiac fibrosis in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) induced pressure overload model in mice. Echocardiography and histological analysis revealed cardiac dysfunction and enhanced cardiac fibrosis in TAC-operated animals; ALDH2 deficiency further aggravated these changes. ALDH2 chimeric mice were generated by bone marrow (BM) transplantation of WT mice into the lethally irradiated ALDH2KO mice. The proportion of circulating fibroblast progenitor cells (FPCs) and ROS level in BM after TAC were significantly higher in ALDH2KO mice than in ALDH2 chimeric mice. Furthermore, FPCs were isolated and cultured for in vitro mechanistic studies. The results showed that the stem cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis played a major role in the recruitment of FPCs. In conclusion, our research reveals that increased bone marrow FPCs mobilization and myocardial homing contribute to the enhanced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction induced by TAC in ALDH2 KO mice via exacerbating accumulation of ROS in BM and myocardial SDF-1 expression.
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Penke LR, Peters-Golden M. Molecular determinants of mesenchymal cell activation in fibroproliferative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4179-4201. [PMID: 31563998 PMCID: PMC6858579 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled scarring, or fibrosis, can interfere with the normal function of virtually all tissues of the body, ultimately leading to organ failure and death. Fibrotic diseases represent a major cause of death in industrialized countries. Unfortunately, no curative treatments for these conditions are yet available, highlighting the critical need for a better fundamental understanding of molecular mechanisms that may be therapeutically tractable. The ultimate indispensable effector cells responsible for deposition of extracellular matrix proteins that comprise scars are mesenchymal cells, namely fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. In this review, we focus on the biology of these cells and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their pertinent functions. We discuss key pro-fibrotic mediators, signaling pathways, and transcription factors that dictate their activation and persistence. Because of their possible clinical and therapeutic relevance, we also consider potential brakes on mesenchymal cell activation and cellular processes that may facilitate myofibroblast clearance from fibrotic tissue-topics that have in general been understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loka R Penke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA.
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10
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Abstract
The ECM (extracellular matrix) network plays a crucial role in cardiac homeostasis, not only by providing structural support, but also by facilitating force transmission, and by transducing key signals to cardiomyocytes, vascular cells, and interstitial cells. Changes in the profile and biochemistry of the ECM may be critically implicated in the pathogenesis of both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The patterns of molecular and biochemical ECM alterations in failing hearts are dependent on the type of underlying injury. Pressure overload triggers early activation of a matrix-synthetic program in cardiac fibroblasts, inducing myofibroblast conversion, and stimulating synthesis of both structural and matricellular ECM proteins. Expansion of the cardiac ECM may increase myocardial stiffness promoting diastolic dysfunction. Cardiomyocytes, vascular cells and immune cells, activated through mechanosensitive pathways or neurohumoral mediators may play a critical role in fibroblast activation through secretion of cytokines and growth factors. Sustained pressure overload leads to dilative remodeling and systolic dysfunction that may be mediated by changes in the interstitial protease/antiprotease balance. On the other hand, ischemic injury causes dynamic changes in the cardiac ECM that contribute to regulation of inflammation and repair and may mediate adverse cardiac remodeling. In other pathophysiologic conditions, such as volume overload, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, the cell biological effectors mediating ECM remodeling are poorly understood and the molecular links between the primary insult and the changes in the matrix environment are unknown. This review article discusses the role of ECM macromolecules in heart failure, focusing on both structural ECM proteins (such as fibrillar and nonfibrillar collagens), and specialized injury-associated matrix macromolecules (such as fibronectin and matricellular proteins). Understanding the role of the ECM in heart failure may identify therapeutic targets to reduce geometric remodeling, to attenuate cardiomyocyte dysfunction, and even to promote myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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11
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Santoro R, Perrucci GL, Gowran A, Pompilio G. Unchain My Heart: Integrins at the Basis of iPSC Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8203950. [PMID: 30906328 PMCID: PMC6393933 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment mediated by integrin adhesion is of fundamental importance, in both developmental and pathological processes. In particular, mechanotransduction is of growing importance in groundbreaking cellular models such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), since this process may strongly influence cell fate and, thus, augment the precision of differentiation into specific cell types, e.g., cardiomyocytes. The decryption of the cellular machinery starting from ECM sensing to iPSC differentiation calls for new in vitro methods. Conveniently, engineered biomaterials activating controlled integrin-mediated responses through chemical, physical, and geometrical designs are key to resolving this issue and could foster clinical translation of optimized iPSC-based technology. This review introduces the main integrin-dependent mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in mechanotransduction. Special consideration is given to the integrin-iPSC linkage signalling chain in the cardiovascular field, focusing on biomaterial-based in vitro models to evaluate the relevance of this process in iPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy
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Perrucci GL, Barbagallo VA, Corlianò M, Tosi D, Santoro R, Nigro P, Poggio P, Bulfamante G, Lombardi F, Pompilio G. Integrin ανβ5 in vitro inhibition limits pro-fibrotic response in cardiac fibroblasts of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Transl Med 2018; 16:352. [PMID: 30541573 PMCID: PMC6292173 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date the TGF-β1 activation mediated by integrin ανβ5 during fibrosis is well-known. This process has been shown also in the heart, where cardiac fibroblasts (CF) differentiate into α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts (MyoFB). Here, we studied the effects on CF, isolated by spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), of integrin ανβ5 inhibition in MyoFB differentiation. Methods Staining and immunohistochemistry were performed on rat cardiac tissue. CF were isolated by enzymatic digestion from SHR (SHR-CF) and normotensive WKY (WKY-CF) rat hearts and then treated for in vitro evaluation. Results SHR heart tissues revealed a higher TGF-β1 expression vs. WKY samples. SHR-CF showed an enhanced SMAD2/3 activation and an up-regulated expression of α-SMA, a typical MyoFB marker, especially after TGF-β1 treatment. Immunostaining on cardiac tissues revealed a higher expression of integrin ανβ5 in SHR vs. WKY rat hearts. In vitro results confirmed the up-regulation of integrin ανβ5 expression in SHR-CF at basal condition and after TGF-β1 treatment, in comparison with WKY-CF. Inhibition of integrin ανβ5 by cilengitide treatment led a decreased expression of ανβ5, collagen I, and α-SMA in SHR-CF vs. WKY-CF, resulting in a diminished differentiation of CF into MyoFB. Taking together, results suggested that SHR-CF are more susceptible to TGF-β1, showing an up-regulated activation of SMAD2/3 signaling, and an increased ανβ5, α-SMA, and collagen I expression. Hypertension stimulus promoted an up-regulation of integrin ανβ5 on SHR cardiac tissue and its in vitro inhibition reverted pro-fibrotic events of SHR-CF. Conclusion Inhibition of integrin ανβ5 exerted by cilengitide strongly diminished SHR-CF differentiation into detrimental MyoFB. So, integrin ανβ5 might be considered a novel therapeutic target and cilengitide an effective pharmacological tool to limit the progression of hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1730-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy. .,Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Corlianò
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Delfina Tosi
- Unità di Patologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale San Paolo, via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nigro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Unità per lo Studio di Patologie Aortiche, Valvolari e Coronariche, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Unità di Patologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale San Paolo, via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Lombardi
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy.,Unità di Cardiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy.,Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
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