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Zhang T, Ma X, Xu M, Cai J, Cai J, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Ji X, He J, Cabrera GOF, Wu X, Zhao W, Wu Z, Xie J, Li Z. Chelator boosted tumor-retention and pharmacokinetic properties: development of 64Cu labeled radiopharmaceuticals targeting neurotensin receptor. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3322-3333. [PMID: 38771516 PMCID: PMC11368631 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence suggests that neurotensin (NTS) and neurotensin receptors (NTSRs) play key roles in lung cancer progression by triggering multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. This study aims to develop Cu-labeled neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1)-targeting agents with the potential for both imaging and therapeutic applications. METHOD A series of neurotensin receptor antagonists (NRAs) with variable propylamine (PA) linker length and different chelators were synthesized, including [64Cu]Cu-CB-TE2A-iPA-NRA ([64Cu]Cu-4a-c, i = 1, 2, 3), [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-2PA-NRA ([64Cu]Cu-4d), [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-2PA-NRA ([64Cu]Cu-4e, also known as [64Cu]Cu-3BP-227), and [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-VS-2PA-NRA ([64Cu]Cu-4f). The series of small animal PET/CT were conducted in H1299 lung cancer model. The expression profile of NTSR1 was also confirmed by IHC using patient tissue samples. RESULTS For most of the compounds studied, PET/CT showed prominent tumor uptake and high tumor-to-background contrast, but the tumor retention was strongly influenced by the chelators used. For previously reported 4e, [64Cu]Cu-labeled derivative showed initial high tumor uptake accompanied by rapid tumor washout at 24 h. The newly developed [64Cu]Cu-4d and [64Cu]Cu-4f demonstrated good tumor uptake and tumor-to-background contrast at early time points, but were less promising in tumor retention. In contrast, our lead compound [64Cu]Cu-4b demonstrated 9.57 ± 1.35, 9.44 ± 2.38 and 9.72 ± 4.89%ID/g tumor uptake at 4, 24, and 48 h p.i., respectively. Moderate liver uptake (11.97 ± 3.85, 9.80 ± 3.63, and 7.72 ± 4.68%ID/g at 4, 24, and 48 h p.i.) was observed with low uptake in most other organs. The PA linker was found to have a significant effect on drug distribution. Compared to [64Cu]Cu-4b, [64Cu]Cu-4a had a lower background, including a greatly reduced liver uptake, while the tumor uptake was only moderately reduced. Meanwhile, [64Cu]Cu-4c showed increased uptake in both the tumor and the liver. The clinical relevance of NTSR1 was also demonstrated by the elevated tumor expression in patient tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS Through the side-by-side comparison, [64Cu]Cu-4b was identified as the lead agent for further evaluation based on its high and sustained tumor uptake and moderate liver uptake. It can not only be used to efficiently detect NTSR1 expression in lung cancer (for diagnosis, patient screening, and treatment monitoring), but also has the great potential to treat NTSR-positive lesions once chelating to the beta emitter 67Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA.
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear Medicine Clinical Transformation Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xinrui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, North Carolina State University, NC 27599, USA
| | - Muyun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA
| | - Jinghua Cai
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA
| | - Jianhua Cai
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear Medicine Clinical Transformation Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear Medicine Clinical Transformation Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - German Oscar Fonseca Cabrera
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA
| | - Xuedan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , 27599, USA.
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Masudur Rahman Munna M, Touki Tahamid Tusar M, Sajnin Shanta S, Hossain Ahmed M, Sarafat Ali M. Unveiling promising phytocompounds from Moringa oleifera as dual inhibitors of EGFR (T790M/C797S) and VEGFR-2 in non-small cell lung cancer through in silico screening, ADMET, dynamics simulation, and DFT analysis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100406. [PMID: 39179328 PMCID: PMC11372720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is among the main causes of mortality from cancer around the globe, affecting all genders. Current treatments mainly focus on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, resistance mechanisms, such as the emergence of T790M and C797S EGFR mutations and upregulation of VEGFR-2, often hinder the effectiveness of TKIs. Thereby, EGFR and VEGFR-2 present an intriguing opportunity for the treatment of NSCLC by developing dual-acting drugs. This research aims to evaluate prospective Moringa oleifera L. (MO)-originated compounds to efficiently block both of these receptors. In our research, we screened a library of 200 compounds sourced from MO, a plant known for its remarkable therapeutic potential. We identified five intriguing phytocompounds: hesperetin, gossypetin, quercetin, gallocatechin, and epigallocatechin, as potential anti-cancer agents. The compounds have demonstrated notable binding affinity in virtual screening and multi-stage molecular docking analysis, surpassing the controls, Erlotinib and Bevacizumab + Rituximab. In addition, these compounds demonstrate top-notch drug-likeness and ADMET properties. The five promising drug candidates also had a strong ability to bind to receptors and stayed stable with them during the 200 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM-GBSA calculation. Furthermore, DFT analysis indicates that hesperetin, gossypetin, and quercetagetin stand out as the most promising drug candidates among all others. The findings of our study suggest that these three therapeutic candidates can precisely target both EGFR and VEGFR-2 and can potentially act on both of these pathways as a single agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masudur Rahman Munna
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; Dawn of Bioinformatics Limited, Dhaka 1361, Bangladesh
| | - Md Touki Tahamid Tusar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Saima Sajnin Shanta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sarafat Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh.
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Mao W, Qu J, Guo R, Chen Y, Jin H, Xu J. Association between Serum 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate Concentrations and Lung Cancer. TOXICS 2024; 12:603. [PMID: 39195705 PMCID: PMC11359344 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) exhibits pronounced estrogenic effects, potentially influencing the etiology of lung cancer. This study assessed the potential associations between serum concentrations of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and lung cancer risk at the population level. Odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer across serum 6:2 Cl-PFESA quartiles were assessed using conditional logistic regression. Additionally, we investigated potential effect modification by various confounding factors. Elevated serum levels of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were consistently associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in both the crude model (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.08-2.42, p = 0.018) and the adjusted model (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.06-2.39, p = 0.026). Stratified analyses revealed that elevated serum levels of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were associated with increased risk estimates of lung cancer among males (adjusted OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.19-3.51, p = 0.006), smokers (adjusted OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.25-4.89, p = 0.003), and drinkers (adjusted OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 0.94-5.16, p = 0.049). The results of this study imply that exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA at levels considered environmentally relevant may be linked to an elevated risk of developing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China;
| | - Jianli Qu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (J.Q.); (R.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Ruyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (J.Q.); (R.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (J.Q.); (R.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (J.Q.); (R.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Jingyan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China;
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Orillard E, Adhikari A, Malouf RS, Calais F, Marchal C, Westeel V. Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus platinum-based chemotherapy compared to platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for first-line treatment of older people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 8:CD015495. [PMID: 39136258 PMCID: PMC11320659 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a cancer of the elderly, with a median age at diagnosis of 71. More than one-third of people diagnosed with lung cancer are over 75 years old. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are special antibodies that target a pathway in the immune system called the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway. These antibodies help the immune system fight cancer cells by blocking signals that cancer cells use to avoid being attacked by the immune system. ICIs have changed the treatment of people with lung cancer. In particular, for people with previously-untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), current first-line treatment now comprises ICIs plus platinum-based chemotherapy, rather than platinum-based chemotherapy alone, regardless of their PD-L1 expression status. However, as people age, their immune system changes, becoming less effective in its T cell responses. This raises questions about how well ICIs work in older adults. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy compared to platinum-based chemotherapy (with or without bevacizumab) in treatment-naïve adults aged 65 years and older with advanced NSCLC. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Lung Cancer Group Trial Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, two other trial registers, and the websites of drug regulators. The latest search date was 23 August 2023. We also checked references and searched abstracts from the meetings of seven cancer organisations from 2019 to August 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that reported on the efficacy and safety of adding ICIs to platinum-based chemotherapy compared to platinum-based chemotherapy alone for people 65 years and older who had not previously been treated. All data emanated from international multicentre studies involving adults with histologically-confirmed advanced NSCLC who had not received any previous systemic anticancer therapy for their advanced disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were overall survival and treatment-related adverse events (grade 3 or higher). Our secondary outcomes were progression-free survival, objective response rate, time to response, duration of response, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). MAIN RESULTS We included 17 primary studies, with a total of 4276 participants, in the review synthesis. We identified nine ongoing studies, and listed one study as 'awaiting classification'. Twelve of the 17 studies included people older than 75 years, accounting for 9% to 13% of their participants. We rated some studies as having 'some concerns' for risk of bias arising from the randomisation process, deviations from the intended interventions, or measurement of the outcome. The overall GRADE rating for the certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to low because of the risk of bias, imprecision, or inconsistency. People aged 65 years and older The addition of ICIs to platinum-based chemotherapy probably increased overall survival compared to platinum-based chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio (HR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 0.88; 8 studies, 2093 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Only one study reported data for treatment-related adverse events (grade 3 or higher). The frequency of treatment-related adverse events may not differ between the two treatment groups (risk ratio (RR) 1.09, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.32; 1 study, 127 participants; low-certainty evidence). The addition of ICIs to platinum-based chemotherapy probably improves progression-free survival (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.68; 7 studies, 1885 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). People aged 65 to 75 years, inclusive The addition of ICIs to platinum-based chemotherapy probably improved overall survival compared to platinum-based chemotherapy alone (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.87; 6 studies, 1406 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Only one study reported data for treatment-related adverse events (grade 3 or higher). The frequency of treatment-related adverse events probably increased in people treated with ICIs plus platinum-based chemotherapy compared to those treated with platinum-based chemotherapy alone (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.13; 1 study, 97 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The addition of ICIs to platinum-based chemotherapy probably improved progression-free survival (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.73; 8 studies, 1466 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). People aged 75 years and older There may be no difference in overall survival in people treated with ICIs combined with platinum-based chemotherapy compared to platinum-based chemotherapy alone (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.16; 4 studies, 297 participants; low-certainty evidence). No data on treatment-related adverse events were available in this age group. The effect of combination ICI and platinum-based chemotherapy on progression-free survival is uncertain (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.36; 3 studies, 226 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Only three studies assessed the objective response rate. For time to response, duration of response, and health-related quality of life, we do not have any evidence yet. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Compared to platinum-based chemotherapy alone, adding ICIs to platinum-based chemotherapy probably leads to higher overall survival and progression-free survival, without an increase in treatment-related adverse events (grade 3 or higher), in people 65 years and older with advanced NSCLC. These data are based on results from studies dominated by participants between 65 and 75 years old. However, the analysis also suggests that the improvements reported in overall survival and progression-free survival may not be seen in people older than 75 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Orillard
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Arjab Adhikari
- Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Reem S Malouf
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - François Calais
- Bibliothèque Universitaire de Santé, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Virginie Westeel
- EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
- Department of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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Wang B, Hu S, Teng Y, Chen J, Wang H, Xu Y, Wang K, Xu J, Cheng Y, Gao X. Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:200. [PMID: 39128942 PMCID: PMC11323968 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in cancer diagnostics to enable high sensitivity and high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches for tumor labeling and detection are also made possible by the use of nanoprobes and nanobiosensors. The achievement of targeted medication delivery in cancer therapy can be accomplished through the rational design and manufacture of nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have the capability to effectively transport medications or gene fragments to tumor tissues via passive or active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Simultaneously, nanoparticles can be employed in the context of radiation sensitization and photothermal therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of malignant tumors. This review presents a literature overview and summary of how nanotechnology is used in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. According to oncological diseases originating from different systems of the body and combining the pathophysiological features of cancers at different sites, we review the most recent developments in nanotechnology applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects and challenges of nanotechnology in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-based Pharmacy Center, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Teng
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Junli Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yezhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongzhong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Lam WKJ, Bai J, Ma MJL, Cheung YTT, Jiang P. Circulating tumour DNA analysis for early detection of lung cancer: a systematic review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 12:64. [PMID: 39118954 PMCID: PMC11304429 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has been applied in cancer diagnostics including lung cancer. Specifically for the early detection purpose, various modalities of ctDNA analysis have demonstrated their potentials. Such analyses have showed diverse performance across different studies. Methods We performed a systematic review of original studies published before 1 January 2023. Studies that evaluated ctDNA alone and in combination with other biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer were included. Results The systematic review analysis included 56 original studies that were aimed for early detection of lung cancer. There were 39 studies for lung cancer only and 17 for pan-cancer early detection. Cancer and control cases included were heterogenous across studies. Different molecular features of ctDNA have been evaluated, including 7 studies on cell-free DNA concentration, 17 on mutation, 29 on methylation, 5 on hydroxymethylation and 8 on fragmentation patterns. Among these 56 studies, 17 have utilised different combinations of the above-mentioned ctDNA features and/or circulation protein markers. For all the modalities, lower sensitivities were reported for the detection of early-stage cancer. Conclusions The systematic review suggested the clinical utility of ctDNA analysis for early detection of lung cancer, alone or in combination with other biomarkers. Future validation with standardised testing protocols would help integration into clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. K. Jacky Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinyue Bai
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mary-Jane L. Ma
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. T. Tommy Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Oswalt CJ, Nakatani MM, Troy J, Wolf S, Locke SC, LeBlanc TW. Timing of Palliative Care Consultation Impacts End of Life Care Outcomes in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 2024:S0885-3924(24)00858-3. [PMID: 39002711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Early specialist palliative care (PC) involvement in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) is associated with improved quality of life, less aggressive end of life (EoL) care, and longer survival. As treatment paradigms for NSCLC have evolved, PC utilization remains low. OBJECTIVES This work examines how the timing and extent of PC involvement impacts outcomes and the patient experience in mNSCLC in the era of immunotherapy. METHODS This retrospective review analyzed patients with mNSCLC who initiated first-line treatment with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or combined chemoimmunotherapy at Duke University between March 2015 and July 2019. PC consultation and outcomes data were abstracted through November 2022. EoL care variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS 152 patients were stratified based on whether PC was consulted during their disease course. 80 patients (53%) never saw PC, while the 72 patients (47%) who saw PC were further stratified by time to first PC encounter and total number of PC visits. 31% were seen within two months of diagnosis (early), 33% between two and six months (intermediate), and 36% after 6 months (late). Patients who received early PC had longer median time on hospice (35 days), had lower rates of aggressive EoL care (43%), and experienced less frequent in-hospital death (14%) compared to other groups. CONCLUSION This real-world study reveals that referrals to PC still occur late or not at all in mNSCLC despite demonstrated benefits of early PC integration. Early outpatient PC referrals resulted in longer time on hospice, lower frequency of aggressive EoL care, and lower rates of in-hospital death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Oswalt
- Duke Cancer Institute (C.J.O., S.C.L., T.W.L.B.,), Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Morgan M Nakatani
- Medicine-Psychiatry Resident (M.M.N.), Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jesse Troy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (J.T., S.W.), Division of Biostatistics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven Wolf
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (J.T., S.W.), Division of Biostatistics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan C Locke
- Duke Cancer Institute (C.J.O., S.C.L., T.W.L.B.,), Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas W LeBlanc
- Duke Cancer Institute (C.J.O., S.C.L., T.W.L.B.,), Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Brativnyk A, Ankill J, Helland Å, Fleischer T. Multi-omics analysis reveals epigenetically regulated processes and patient classification in lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:282-297. [PMID: 38489486 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of many cancer types. Despite our knowledge of epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we lack robust multi-modal molecular classifications for patient stratification. This is partly because the impact of epigenetic alterations on lung cancer development and progression is still not fully understood. To that end, we identified disease-associated processes under epigenetic regulation in LUAD. We performed a genome-wide expression-methylation Quantitative Trait Loci (emQTL) analysis by integrating DNA methylation and gene expression data from 453 patients in the TCGA cohort. Using a community detection algorithm, we identified distinct communities of CpG-gene associations with diverse biological processes. Interestingly, we identified a community linked to hormone response and lipid metabolism; the identified CpGs in this community were enriched in enhancer regions and binding regions of transcription factors such as FOXA1/2, GRHL2, HNF1B, AR, and ESR1. Furthermore, the CpGs were connected to their associated genes through chromatin interaction loops. These findings suggest that the expression of genes involved in hormone response and lipid metabolism in LUAD is epigenetically regulated through DNA methylation and enhancer-promoter interactions. By applying consensus clustering on the integrated expression-methylation pattern of the emQTL-genes and CpGs linked to hormone response and lipid metabolism, we further identified subclasses of patients with distinct prognoses. This novel patient stratification was validated in an independent patient cohort of 135 patients and showed increased prognostic significance compared to previously defined molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Brativnyk
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Ankill
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Lin P, Zhang L, Tang X, Wang J. Exploring the causal association between uric acid and lung cancer in east Asian and European populations: a mendelian randomization study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:801. [PMID: 38965453 PMCID: PMC11225240 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer still ranks first in the mortality rate of cancer. Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism in humans. Its presence in the serum is controversial; some say that its high levels have a protective effect against tumors, others say the opposite, that is, high levels increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential causal association between serum uric acid levels and lung cancer. METHODS Mendelian randomization was used to achieve our aim. Sensitivity analyses was performed to validate the reliability of the results, followed by reverse Mendelian analyses to determine a potential reverse causal association. RESULTS A significant causal association was found between serum uric acid levels and lung cancer in East Asian and European populations. Further sublayer analysis revealed a significant causal association between uric acid and small cell lung cancer, while no potential association was observed between uric acid and non-small cell lung cancer, squamous lung cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the results. Reverse Mendelian analysis showed no reverse causal association between uric acid and lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that serum uric acid levels were negatively associated with lung cancer, with uric acid being a potential protective factor for lung cancer. In addition, uric acid level monitoring was simple and inexpensive. Therefore, it might be used as a biomarker for lung cancer, promoting its wide use clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, 364000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Linxiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, 364000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, 364000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jihuang Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, 364000, Fujian Province, China
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10
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Marchal C, Orillard E, Calais F, Westeel V. Immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly population: a generic protocol. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 7:CD014907. [PMID: 38958139 PMCID: PMC11220895 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014907.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as monotherapy or in combination compared to standard of care for elderly people (≥ 65 years) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emeline Orillard
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR 1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - François Calais
- Bibliothèque universitaire de Santé, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Virginie Westeel
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR 1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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11
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Woodward IR, Fromen CA. Recent Developments in Aerosol Pulmonary Drug Delivery: New Technologies, New Cargos, and New Targets. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:307-330. [PMID: 38424089 PMCID: PMC11222059 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-010848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
There is nothing like a global pandemic to motivate the need for improved respiratory treatments and mucosal vaccines. Stimulated by the COVID-19 pandemic, pulmonary aerosol drug delivery has seen a flourish of activity, building on the prior decades of innovation in particle engineering, inhaler device technologies, and clinical understanding. As such, the field has expanded into new directions and is working toward the efficient delivery of increasingly complex cargos to address a wider range of respiratory diseases. This review seeks to highlight recent innovations in approaches to personalize inhalation drug delivery, deliver complex cargos, and diversify the targets treated and prevented through pulmonary drug delivery. We aim to inform readers of the emerging efforts within the field and predict where future breakthroughs are expected to impact the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Woodward
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA;
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA;
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12
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Poalelungi DG, Neagu AI, Fulga A, Neagu M, Tutunaru D, Nechita A, Fulga I. Revolutionizing Pathology with Artificial Intelligence: Innovations in Immunohistochemistry. J Pers Med 2024; 14:693. [PMID: 39063947 PMCID: PMC11278211 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a reality of our times, and it has been successfully implemented in all fields, including medicine. As a relatively new domain, all efforts are directed towards creating algorithms applicable in most medical specialties. Pathology, as one of the most important areas of interest for precision medicine, has received significant attention in the development and implementation of AI algorithms. This focus is especially important for achieving accurate diagnoses. Moreover, immunohistochemistry (IHC) serves as a complementary diagnostic tool in pathology. It can be further augmented through the application of deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) algorithms for assessing and analyzing immunohistochemical markers. Such advancements can aid in delineating targeted therapeutic approaches and prognostic stratification. This article explores the applications and integration of various AI software programs and platforms used in immunohistochemical analysis. It concludes by highlighting the application of these technologies to pathologies such as breast, prostate, lung, melanocytic proliferations, and hematologic conditions. Additionally, it underscores the necessity for further innovative diagnostic algorithms to assist physicians in the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gina Poalelungi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AI Cuza St., 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.G.P.); (M.N.); (D.T.); (A.N.); (I.F.)
- Saint Apostle Andrew Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 177 Brailei St., 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Anca Iulia Neagu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AI Cuza St., 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.G.P.); (M.N.); (D.T.); (A.N.); (I.F.)
- Saint John Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana Fulga
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AI Cuza St., 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.G.P.); (M.N.); (D.T.); (A.N.); (I.F.)
- Saint Apostle Andrew Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 177 Brailei St., 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Marius Neagu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AI Cuza St., 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.G.P.); (M.N.); (D.T.); (A.N.); (I.F.)
- Saint Apostle Andrew Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 177 Brailei St., 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Dana Tutunaru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AI Cuza St., 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.G.P.); (M.N.); (D.T.); (A.N.); (I.F.)
- Saint Apostle Andrew Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 177 Brailei St., 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AI Cuza St., 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.G.P.); (M.N.); (D.T.); (A.N.); (I.F.)
- Saint John Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Iuliu Fulga
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AI Cuza St., 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.G.P.); (M.N.); (D.T.); (A.N.); (I.F.)
- Saint Apostle Andrew Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 177 Brailei St., 800578 Galati, Romania
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13
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Zawadzka-Fabijan A, Fabijan A, Łochowski M, Pryt Ł, Polis B, Zakrzewski K, Kujawa JE, Kozak J. Functional and Disability Outcomes in NSCLC Patients Post-Lobectomy Undergoing Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Biopsychosocial Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2281. [PMID: 38927985 PMCID: PMC11201694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, lung cancer remains the predominant cause of cancer cases and deaths and poses significant health challenges, with surgical resection being a key treatment. Post-surgery, patients often experience functional impairments. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive ICF version for assessing the functional profile and disability in lung cancer patients post-thoracic surgery undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation using the ICF and WHODAS 2.0 tool. We analyzed the correlation between the ICF Core Set and WHODAS 2.0 data to understand the impact on daily functioning. This study included 50 patients (23 F, 27 M) from the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery and Respiratory Rehabilitation in Lodz. Essential ICF codes were determined using the Delphi method, and assessments were conducted on the third day post-operation. Statistical analyses included various tests with α = 0.05. The results showed no impairments in voice functions (b310), respiration rates (b4400), and diaphragm functions (b4451), but there were significant issues with chest pain (b28011), respiratory muscle functions (b445), exercise tolerance (b455), and muscle endurance (b740). In Activities and Participation and Environmental Factors, most codes were not problematic, except for employment (d845, d850) and atmospheric pressure (e2252). Significant correlations were found between mobility limitations (d410, d460) and self-care (d510, d540) with the WHODAS 2.0 results. The comprehensive ICF Core Set effectively described the functional profile of post-surgery patients, confirming its utility and highlighting the impact of disability on daily functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zawadzka-Fabijan
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Artur Fabijan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish-Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (A.F.); (B.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Mariusz Łochowski
- Clinic of Thoracic Surgery and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Regional Multi-Specialist Center for Oncology and Traumatology of the Nicolaus Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland; (M.Ł.); (Ł.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Łukasz Pryt
- Clinic of Thoracic Surgery and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Regional Multi-Specialist Center for Oncology and Traumatology of the Nicolaus Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland; (M.Ł.); (Ł.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Bartosz Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish-Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (A.F.); (B.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Krzysztof Zakrzewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish-Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (A.F.); (B.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jolanta Ewa Kujawa
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Józef Kozak
- Clinic of Thoracic Surgery and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Regional Multi-Specialist Center for Oncology and Traumatology of the Nicolaus Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland; (M.Ł.); (Ł.P.); (J.K.)
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14
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Zhu H, Chen C, Guo H, Zhang B, Hu Q. The causal role of immune cells on lung cancer: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10063-10073. [PMID: 38870262 PMCID: PMC11210237 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells play a vital role in the development and progression of lung cancer (LC). We aimed to explore the causal role of immune cells in LC with Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Summary statistic data used in the study were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A comprehensive two-sample MR was carried out to explore the causal role of 731 immune cell traits (ICTs) in LC, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and Small cell lung cancer (SCLC). An inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach was applied to present the MR estimates. The heterogeneity test was performed using Cochran's Q statistic. MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO were utilized for the pleiotropy test. MR showed that 15, 31, and 11 ICTs had protective effects on LC, NSCLC, and SCLC, respectively, and 12, 31, and 11 ICTs had adverse effects on LC, NSCLC, and SCLC, respectively. Of note, CD3 on CD28+ CD4+ in the Treg panel could significantly increase the risk of LC, as well as NSCLC and SCLC. Moreover, the MR results revealed that LC was vital in IgD on IgD+ in the B cell panel and NSCLC on CCR2 on CD14- CD16- in the Monocyte panel. Our study revealed multiple close connections between immune cells and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caihua Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haixie Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanteng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Zeng Q, Hu H, Huang Z, Guo A, Lu S, Tong W, Zhang Z, Shen T. Active and machine learning-enhanced discovery of new FGFR3 inhibitor, Rhapontin, through virtual screening of receptor structures and anti-cancer activity assessment. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1413214. [PMID: 38919748 PMCID: PMC11196408 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1413214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study bridges traditional remedies and modern pharmacology by exploring the synergy between natural compounds and Ceritinib in treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), aiming to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicities. Methods: Using a combined approach of computational analysis, machine learning, and experimental procedures, we identified and analyzed PD173074, Isoquercitrin, and Rhapontin as potential inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Machine learning algorithms guided the initial selection, followed by Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling and molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the interaction dynamics and stability of Rhapontin. Physicochemical assessments further verified its drug-like properties and specificity. Results: Our experiments demonstrate that Rhapontin, when combined with Ceritinib, significantly suppresses tumor activity in NSCLC while sparing healthy cells. The molecular simulations and physicochemical evaluations confirm Rhapontin's stability and favorable interaction with FGFR3, highlighting its potential as an effective adjunct in NSCLC therapy. Discussion: The integration of natural compounds with established cancer therapies offers a promising avenue for enhancing treatment outcomes in NSCLC. By combining the ancient wisdom of natural remedies with the precision of modern science, this study contributes to evolving cancer treatment paradigms, potentially mitigating the side effects associated with current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichuan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aotian Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Longyou County People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Ige O, Ratnayake I, Martinez J, Pepper S, Alsup A, McGuirk M, Gajewski B, Mudaranthakam DP. A Regional Study to Evaluate the Impact of Coal-fired Power Plants on Lung Cancer Incident Rates. PREVENTIVE ONCOLOGY & EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 2:2348469. [PMID: 38899318 PMCID: PMC11185817 DOI: 10.1080/28322134.2024.2348469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. In Kansas, where coal-fired power plants account for 34% of power, we investigated whether hosting counties had higher age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates. We also examined demographics, poverty levels, percentage of smokers, and environmental conditions using spatial analysis. Methods Data from the Kansas Health Matters, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2010-2014) for 105 counties in Kansas were analyzed. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) assessed associations between potential risk factors and age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates while Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) examined regional risk factors. Results Moran's I test confirmed spatial autocorrelation in age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates (p<0.0003). MLR identified percentage of smokers, population size, and proportion of elderly population as significant predictors of age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates (p<0.05). GWR showed positive associations between percentage of smokers and age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates in over 50% of counties. Conclusion Contrary to our hypothesis, proximity to a coal-fired power plant was not a significant predictor of age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates. Instead, percentage of smokers emerged as a consistent global and regional risk factor. Regional lung cancer outcomes in Kansas are influenced by wind patterns and elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobiloba Ige
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Isuru Ratnayake
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Joshua Martinez
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Sam Pepper
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Alexander Alsup
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Matthew McGuirk
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Byron Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Dinesh Pal Mudaranthakam
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
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17
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Xia W, Yang J, Li H, Li L, Liu J. Comparing Genomic Profiles of ALK Fusion-Positive and ALK Fusion-Negative Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Glob Med Genet 2024; 11:175-186. [PMID: 38873557 PMCID: PMC11175831 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) fusion events account for 3 to 7% of genetic alterations in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to explore the landscape of ALK fusion-positive and ALK fusion-negative in a large cohort of NSCLC patients. Methods The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of NSCLC patients who underwent next-generation sequencing from 2020 to 2023 in Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd. Clinical laboratory were included in this study. Results In the current study, a total of 180 (3.20%) patients tested positive for ALK fusions in 5,622 NSCLC samples. Within the ALK -positive cohort, a total of 228 ALK fusions were identified. Furthermore, five novel ALK fusion partners, including DAB1-ALK , KCMF1-ALK , KIF13A-ALK , LOC643770-ALK , and XDH-ALK were identified. In cases with ALK fusion-positive, TP53 alterations were the most prevalent (26.3%), followed by CDKN2A (8.4%), epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR , 5.6%), and ALK (5.6%). By contrast, EGFR alterations were most prevalent (51%) in patients with ALK fusion-negative NSCLC, followed by TP53 (42.7%), KRAS (11.6%), and CDKN2A (11.3%). A total of 10 cases where ALK fusion co-occurred with EGFR mutations were also identified. Notably, the ALK fusion positivity rate was higher in younger patients ( p < 0.0001) and in female patients ( p = 0.0429). Additionally, positive ALK test results were more prevalent in patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression, especially when applying a 50% cutoff. Conclusions Collectively, these findings offer valuable genomic insights that could inform the personalized clinical care of patients with NSCLC harboring ALK fusions within the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Oncology, Rongcheng County People's Hospital, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Medicine, Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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18
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Baothman O, M Ali EM, Hosawi S, E Konozy EH, Abu Zeid IM, Ahmad A, Altayb HN. Multi-targeted therapeutic potential of stigmasterol from the Euphorbia ammak plant in treating lung and breast cancer. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 110:108037. [PMID: 38460436 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the most prevalent disease globally, which presents a significant challenge to the healthcare industry, with breast and lung cancer being predominant malignancies. This study used RNA-seq data from the TCGA database to identify potential biomarkers for lung and breast cancer. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFAIP8) and Sulfite Oxidase (SUOX) showed significant expression variation and were selected for further study using structure-based drug discovery (SBDD). Compounds derived from the Euphorbia ammak plant were selected for in-silico study with both TNFAIP8 and SUOX. Stigmasterol had the greatest binding scores (normalized scores of -8.53 kcal/mol and -9.69 kcal/mol) with both proteins, indicating strong stability in their binding pockets throughout the molecular dynamics' simulation. Although Stigmasterol first changed its initial conformation (RMSD = 0.5 nm with the starting conformation) in SUOX, it eventually reached a stable conformation (RMSD of 1.5 nm). The compound on TNFAIP8 showed a persistent shape (RMSD of 0.35 nm), indicating strong protein stability. The binding free energy of the complex was calculated using the MM/GBSA technique; TNFAIP8 had a ΔGTOTAL of -24.98 kcal/mol, with TYR160 being the most significant residue, contributing -2.52 kcal/mol. On the other hand, the SUOX complex had a binding free energy of -16.87 kcal/mol, with LEU151 being the primary contributor (-1.17 kcal/mol). Analysis of the complexes' free energy landscape unveiled several states with minimum free energy, indicating robust interactions between the protein and ligand. In its conclusion, this work emphasises the favourable ability of Stigmasterol to bind with prospective targets for lung and breast cancer, indicating the need for more experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin Hassan E Konozy
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Glycoproteins, Biotechnology Park, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, the Sudan
| | - Isam M Abu Zeid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham N Altayb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Dwyer LL, Vadagam P, Vanderpoel J, Cohen C, Lewing B, Tkacz J. Disparities in Lung Cancer: A Targeted Literature Review Examining Lung Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survival Outcomes in the United States. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1489-1500. [PMID: 37204663 PMCID: PMC11101514 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although incidence and mortality of lung cancer have been decreasing, health disparities persist among historically marginalized Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations. A targeted literature review was performed to collate the evidence of health disparities among these historically marginalized patients with lung cancer in the U.S. METHODS Articles eligible for review included 1) indexed in PubMed®, 2) English language, 3) U.S. patients only, 4) real-world evidence studies, and 5) publications between January 1, 2018, and November 8, 2021. RESULTS Of 94 articles meeting selection criteria, 49 publications were selected, encompassing patient data predominantly between 2004 and 2016. Black patients were shown to develop lung cancer at an earlier age and were more likely to present with advanced-stage disease compared to White patients. Black patients were less likely to be eligible for/receive lung cancer screening, genetic testing for mutations, high-cost and systemic treatments, and surgical intervention compared to White patients. Disparities were also detected in survival, where Hispanic and Asian patients had lower mortality risks compared to White patients. Literature on survival outcomes between Black and White patients was inconclusive. Disparities related to sex, rurality, social support, socioeconomic status, education level, and insurance type were observed. CONCLUSIONS Health disparities within the lung cancer population begin with initial screening and continue through survival outcomes, with reports persisting well into the latter portion of the past decade. These findings should serve as a call to action, raising awareness of persistent and ongoing inequities, particularly for marginalized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Dwyer
- Real World Value & Evidence, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ, 08560, USA.
| | - Pratyusha Vadagam
- Real World Value & Evidence, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ, 08560, USA
| | - Julie Vanderpoel
- Real World Value & Evidence, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ, 08560, USA
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20
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Laguna JC, Tagliamento M, Lambertini M, Hiznay J, Mezquita L. Tackling Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Young Adults: From Risk Factors and Genetic Susceptibility to Lung Cancer Profile and Outcomes. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e432488. [PMID: 38788188 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_432488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer has traditionally been associated with advanced age; however, its increasing incidence among young adults raises concerning questions regarding its etiology and unique considerations for this population. In contrast to the older population, the onset of lung cancer at younger age may be attributed to a complex interplay of incompletely understood individual susceptibility and prevalent environmental risk factors beyond tobacco smoke exposure, such as radon gas and air pollution, which are widespread globally. Consequently, this leads to distinct clinical and molecular profiles, requiring a tailored approach. Furthermore, a diagnosis of cancer represents a threatening event during the prime years of a young person's life, prompting concern about career development, social aspects, fertility aspirations, and physical independence. This poses significant additional challenges for health care professionals in a field that remains underexplored. This comprehensive review recognizes lung cancer in young adults as a distinct entity, exploring its clinical and molecular characteristics, diverse predisposing factors, and priorities in terms of quality of life, with the aim of providing practical support to oncologists and enhancing our understanding of this under-researched population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Laguna
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Mezquita
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Xuanzhuang LU, Qiuxia QIU, Chunyu YANG, Caichen LI, Jianfu LI, Shan XIONG, Bo CHENG, Chujing ZHOU, Xiaoqin DU, Yi ZHANG, Jianxing HE, Wenhua LIANG, Nanshan ZHONG. [Results of Lung Cancer Screening with Low-dose Computed Tomography
and Exploration of Risk Factors in Guangzhou]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:345-358. [PMID: 38880922 PMCID: PMC11183313 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.101.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both of lung cancer incidence and mortality rank first among all cancers in China. Previous lung cancer screening trials were mostly selective screening for high-risk groups such as smokers. Non-smoking women accounted for a considerable proportion of lung cancer cases in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of community-based mass screening in Guangzhou and identify the high-risk factors for lung cancer. METHODS Residents aged 40-74 years in Guangzhou were screened with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer and the pulmonary nodules were classified and managed according to China National Lung Cancer Screening Guideline with Low-dose Computed Tomography (2018 version). The detection rate of positive nodules was calculated. Before the LDCT examination, residents were required to complete a "lung cancer risk factors questionnaire". The risk factors of the questionnaire were analyzed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 6256 residents were included in this study. 1228 positive nodules (19.63%) and 117 lung cancers were confirmed, including 6 cases of Tis, 103 cases of stage I (accounting for 88.03% of lung cancer). The results of LASSO penalized Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥50 yr (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.06-1.07), history of cancer (OR=3.29, 95%CI: 3.22-3.37), textile industry (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.08-1.13), use coal for cooking in childhood (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.13-1.16) and food allergy (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.07-1.13) were risk factors of lung cancer for female in this district. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted that numerous early stages of lung cancer cases were detected by LDCT, which could be applied to screening of lung cancer in women. Besides, age ≥50 yr, personal history of cancer, textile industry and use coal for cooking in childhood are risk factors for women in this district, which suggested that it's high time to raise the awareness of early lung cancer screening in this group.
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22
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Huo G, Song Y, Chen X, Chen P. Entrectinib as first-line vs. second-line therapy in ROS1 fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:839-848. [PMID: 38736499 PMCID: PMC11082703 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-24-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Background The concept of cost-effectiveness is crucial for the optimal allocation of scarce healthcare resources. However, the cost-effectiveness of entrectinib in ROS1 fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been evaluated. We aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of entrectinib as a first-line treatment compared to its reservation for second-line therapy or the exclusive use of chemotherapy in ROS1 fusion-positive advanced NSCLC. Methods A Markov model was created to assess the clinical outcomes and healthcare costs associated with these three treatment approaches. Cost and utility values were obtained from established literature and cost databases. To test model robustness, probabilistic and univariate sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results In the first-line setting, where entrectinib was administered as the initial therapy, it yielded an extra 0.07 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at an incremental cost of $73,453, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $1,090,594.30 per QALY compared to chemotherapy. Conversely, in the second-line setting, when entrectinib was used as a second-line therapy following chemotherapy, it provided an extra 0.11 QALYs at an incremental cost of $53,480, resulting in an ICER of $494,290.39 per QALY compared to chemotherapy. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the cost of entrectinib and utility values of progressed disease were the most influential factors for the ICER. Conclusions Considering the current pricing of entrectinib, it is not deemed cost-effective as a first-line or second-line therapy for patients with ROS1 fusion-positive advanced NSCLC when compared to chemotherapy. Alternatively, reserving entrectinib exclusively for second-line therapy might strike a balance between healthcare expenditures and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengwei Huo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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23
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Bano N, Gupta A, Amir M, Zaheer MR, Roohi R. Malignance-restriction activity exhibited by bioactive compounds of selected actinobacteria as silver nanoparticles against A549 lung cancer cell lines. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3988. [PMID: 38532684 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This article deals with the antibacterial and anticancer potential of secondary metabolites produced by actinomycetes also reported as actinobacteria, Microbacterium proteolyticum (MN560041), and Streptomycetes rochei, where preliminary studies were done with the well diffusion method. These actinobacteria's silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Anticancer was measured using the MTT test, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation measured with DCFDA, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) measurement, and DAPI fluorescence intensity activity was measured in treated and non-treated cancerous cells. The IC50 value for 5-FU (a), LA2(O) (b), LA2(R) (c), LA2(ON) (d), and LA2(RN) (e) was obtained at 3.91 μg/mL (52.73% cell viability), 56.12 μg/mL (52.35% cell viability), 44.90 μg/mL (52.3% cell viability), 3.45 μg/mL (50.25% cell viability), and 8.05 μg/mL (48.72% cell viability), respectively. TEM micrographs revealed discrete, well-separated AgNPs particles of size 7.88 ± 2 to 12.86 ± 0.24 nm. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was also performed to detect the compounds in bioactive metabolites where n-hexadecanoic acid was obtained as the most significant one. MTT test showed a substantial decline in A549 cell viability (up to 48.72%), 2.75-fold increase in ROS generation was noticed in comparison to untreated A549 lung cancer cells when measured with DCFDA. A total of 0.31-fold decrease in MMP and 1.74-fold increase in DAPI fluorescence intensity compared to untreated A549 lung cancer cells suggests that the synthesized nanoparticles promote apoptosis in cancerous cells. Our findings suggests that the secondary metabolites of M. proteolyticum and S. rochei in nanoparticle form can be used as a significant compound against lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushin Bano
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amir
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Rehan Zaheer
- Department of Chemistry, R.M.P.S.P. Girls Post Graduate College, Basti, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roohi Roohi
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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24
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Yıldız G, İlgün S, Şeker Karatoprak G, Köse YB, Göger F, Temel HE, Demirci B. Chemical profile, in vitro pharmacological activity and Satureja cuneifolia Ten. evaluation of essential oil based on distillation time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1944-1960. [PMID: 36938717 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2190960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Satureja cuneifolia Ten. was widely utilized as spice, tea and traditional medicine. The objective of the current study was to examine the chemical composition and in vitro biological activities (LOX, MMP-1, and MMP-12 enzyme inhibition activity and cytotoxicity on A549 cell line) of Satureja cuneifolia extracts and essential oils. The essential oils of the flowering aerial parts were hydro-distilled at four different distillation times (5, 30, 60, and 180 min) using the Clevenger apparatus. The total essential oil and four fragments were compared in terms of the major component, yield, and distillation time. Volatile compounds of the infusion were extracted by using HS-SPME. Ethanolic extract had the strongest inhibition activity on the LOX enzyme (84.50%), while the essential oils exhibited more cytotoxic activity on the A549 cell line than the extracts. The oils and the infusion were analyzed using GC-MS and the primary chemicals identified by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Yıldız
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkiye
| | - Selen İlgün
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | | | - Yavuz Bülent Köse
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkiye
| | - Fatih Göger
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkiye
| | - Halide Edip Temel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Eskişehir, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkiye
| | - Betül Demirci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkiye
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25
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Huo G, Song Y, Liu W, Cao X, Chen P. Osimertinib in the treatment of resected EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the United States. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1300183. [PMID: 38606181 PMCID: PMC11007098 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In the double-blind phase III ADAURA randomized clinical trial, adjuvant osimertinib showed a substantial overall survival benefit in patients with stage IB to IIIA, EGFR-mutated, completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the use of adjuvant osimertinib to placebo in patients with stage IB to IIIA, EGFR-mutated, resected NSCLC. Methods: Based on the results obtained from the ADAURA trial, a Markov model with three-state was employed to simulate patients who were administered either osimertinib or placebo until disease recurrence or completion of the study period (3 years). Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $150,000 per QALY. Both univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were carried out to explore the robustness of the model. Results: Osimertinib produced additional 1.59 QALYs with additional costs of $492,710 compared to placebo, giving rise to ICERs of $309,962.66/QALY. The results of the univariate sensitivity analysis indicated that the utility of disease-free survival (DFS), cost of osimertinib, and discount rate had the greatest impact on the outcomes. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that osimertinib exhibited a 0% chance of being considered cost-effective for patients using a WTP threshold $150,000/QALY. Conclusion: In our model, osimertinib was unlikely to be cost-effective compared to placebo for stage IB to IIIA, EGFR-mutated, completely resected NSCLC patients from the perspective of a U.S. payer at a WTP threshold of $150,000 per QALY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengwei Huo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuchen Cao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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26
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La Monica S, Vacondio F, Eltayeb K, Lodola A, Volta F, Viglioli M, Ferlenghi F, Galvani F, Galetti M, Bonelli M, Fumarola C, Cavazzoni A, Flammini L, Verzè M, Minari R, Petronini PG, Tiseo M, Mor M, Alfieri R. Targeting glucosylceramide synthase induces antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cell models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6491. [PMID: 38499619 PMCID: PMC10948837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib has been approved for the first-line treatment of EGFR-mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. Despite its efficacy, patients develop resistance. Mechanisms of resistance are heterogeneous and not fully understood, and their characterization is essential to find new strategies to overcome resistance. Ceramides are well-known regulators of apoptosis and are converted into glucosylceramides (GlcCer) by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). A higher content of GlcCers was observed in lung pleural effusions from NSCLC patients and their role in osimertinib-resistance has not been documented. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of inhibiting GCS in NSCLC EGFR-mutant models resistant to osimertinib in vitro and in vivo. Lipidomic analysis showed a significant increase in the intracellular levels of glycosylceramides, including GlcCers in osimertinib resistant clones compared to sensitive cells. In resistant cells, the GCS inhibitor PDMP caused cell cycle arrest, inhibition of 2D and 3D cell proliferation, colony formation and migration capability, and apoptosis induction. The intratumoral injection of PDMP completely suppressed the growth of OR xenograft models. This study demonstrated that dysregulation of ceramide metabolism is involved in osimertinib-resistance and targeting GCS may be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients progressed to osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia La Monica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Vacondio
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Kamal Eltayeb
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Volta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Viglioli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Galvani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Bonelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Fumarola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Michela Verzè
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Minari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Tiseo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
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27
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Ruzycka-Ayoush M, Sobczak K, Grudzinski IP. Comparative studies on the cytotoxic effects induced by iron oxide nanoparticles in cancerous and noncancerous human lung cells subjected to an alternating magnetic field. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105760. [PMID: 38070718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of water-based ferrofluids composed of iron oxide nanoparticles, including magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), ranging from 15 to 100 nm, were examined on various lung cancer cells including adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549), nonsmall lung squamous cell carcinoma (H1703), small cell lung cancer cells (DMS 114), and normal bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The cytotoxic effect was evaluated both with and without exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The studies revealed that neither AMF nor iron oxide nanoparticles when tested individually, produced cytotoxic effects on either cancerous or noncancerous cells. However, when applied together, they led to a significant decrease in cell viability and proliferative capacity due to the enhanced effects of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). The most pronounced effects were found for maghemite (<50 nm) when subjected to an AMF. Notably, A549 cells exhibited the highest resistance to the proposed hyperthermia treatment. BEAS-2B cells demonstrated susceptibility to magnetized iron oxide nanoparticles, similar to the response observed in lung cancer cells. The studies provide evidence that MFH is a promising strategy as a standalone treatment for different types of lung cancer cells. Nevertheless, to prevent any MFH-triggered adverse effects on normal lung cells, targeted magnetic ferrofluids should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ruzycka-Ayoush
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, PL-02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Sobczak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz P Grudzinski
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, PL-02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Medina-Abreu KH, Oropeza-Martínez E, Zepeda-Cervantes J, Vázquez-Macías A, Macías-Silva M. Deregulation of interferon-gamma receptor 1 expression and its implications for lung adenocarcinoma progression. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:195-207. [PMID: 38455133 PMCID: PMC10915940 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays a dual role in cancer; it is both a pro- and an antitumorigenic cytokine, depending on the type of cancer. The deregulation of the IFN-γ canonic pathway is associated with several disorders, including vulnerability to viral infections, inflammation, and cancer progression. In particular, the interplay between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and viral infections appears to exist in association with the deregulation of IFN-γ signaling. In this mini-review, we investigated the status of the IFN-γ signaling pathway and the expression level of its components in LUAD. Interestingly, a reduction in IFNGR1 expression seems to be associated with LUAD progression, affecting defenses against viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In addition, alterations in the expression of IFNGR1 may inhibit the antiproliferative action of IFN-γ signaling in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico
| | - Karen H Medina-Abreu
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico
| | | | - Jesus Zepeda-Cervantes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Aleida Vázquez-Macías
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- Instituo de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
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AlRabeeah SM, Alzahrani EM, Aldhahir AM, Siraj RA, Alqarni AA, AlDraiwiesh IA, Alqahtani AS, Almqati BS, Alharbi TG, Almuntashiri AA, Alghamdi SM, Aljohani FE, Almulhim MA, Alshehri AF, Naser AY, Alwafi H, Alobaidi NY, Hjazi AM, Alsulaimani MA, Oyelade T, Alahmari M, Alanazi TM, Almeshari MA, Alqahtani JS. A population-based study of 15,000 people on Knowledge and awareness of lung cancer symptoms and risk factors in Saudi Arabia. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1295847. [PMID: 38450193 PMCID: PMC10916300 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1295847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is currently the most fatal form of cancer worldwide, ranking as the fourth most prevalent type in Saudi Arabia, particularly among males. This trend is expected to increase with growing population, lifestyle changes, and aging population. Understanding the awareness of the Saudi population regarding the risk factors and symptoms of lung cancer is necessary to attenuate the predicted increase in cases. Method A cross-sectional, population-based survey was performed using a previously validated questionnaire (Lung CAM). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess variables associated with deficiency in knowledge and awareness of risk factors and symptoms of lung cancer. Results Majority of the 15,099 respondents were male (65%), aged between 18 and 30 years (53%), 50% of which were educated up to a bachelor's degree level. Overall awareness of lung cancer signs and symptoms was 53%, with painful cough and coughing up blood being the best-known symptoms. Conversely, persistent shoulder pain (44%) and clubbing fingers (47%) were the least known lung cancer symptoms. Also, 60% of the respondents showed low confidence in identifying the signs and symptoms of lung cancer. The overall awareness of the risk factors for lung cancer development was 74%, with first-hand (74%) and second-hand (68%) smoking being the most known risk factors. However, only ≤ 62% know the other non-smoking risk factors. Awareness of the risk factors and symptoms of lung cancer depended on age, gender, education, marital and employment status (p < 0.001). Conclusion Public awareness of the risk factors and symptoms of lung cancer in Saudi Arabia is inadequate and heavily dependent on education and socio-economic status. Awareness can be improved through campaigns to raise awareness about other lesser-known lung cancer risk factors and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M. AlRabeeah
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eidan M. Alzahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A. Siraj
- Respiratory Therapy Department, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alqarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. AlDraiwiesh
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr S. Almqati
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki G. Alharbi
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saeed M. Alghamdi
- Respiratory Care Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad E. Aljohani
- Pediatric Department, Khobar Governmental Hospital, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali F. Alshehri
- Preventive Medicine Department, Khobar Primary Health Care Centers, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nowaf Y. Alobaidi
- Respiratory Therapy Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujahid A. Alsulaimani
- Basic Medical Unit, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tope Oyelade
- University College London (UCL) Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mushabbab Alahmari
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Alanazi
- Respiratory Therapy Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Almeshari
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Shi S, Chu Y, Liu H, Yu L, Sun D, Yang J, Tian G, Ji L, Zhang C, Lu X. Predictable regulation of survival by intratumoral microbe-immune crosstalk in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2024; 11:29-40. [PMID: 38375207 PMCID: PMC10876218 DOI: 10.15698/mic2024.02.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Intratumoral microbiota can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and mediate tumor prognosis by promoting inflammatory response or inhibiting anti-tumor effects. Recent studies have elucidated the potential role of local tumor microbiota in the development and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, whether intratumoral microbes are involved in the TIME that mediates the prognosis of LUAD remains unknown. Here, we obtained the matched tumor microbiome and host transcriptome and survival data of 478 patients with LUAD in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Machine learning models based on immune cell marker genes can predict 1- to 5-year survival with relative accuracy. Patients were stratified into high- and low-survival-risk groups based on immune cell marker genes, with significant differences in intratumoral microbial communities. Specifically, patients in the high-risk group had significantly higher alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and were characterized by an enrichment of lung cancer-related genera such as Streptococcus. However, network analysis highlighted a more active pattern of dominant bacteria and immune cell crosstalk in TIME in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group. Our study demonstrated that intratumoral microbiota-immune crosstalk was strongly associated with prognosis in LUAD patients, which would provide new targets for the development of precise therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuwen Chu
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, Hunan, China
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolian People's Hospital, No. 20, Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of The Metabolic Disease, Inner Mongolian People's Hospital, No. 20, Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolian People's Hospital, No. 20, Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolian People's Hospital, No. 20, Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolian People's Hospital, No. 20, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/No. 39, 12th Bridge Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610072, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
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Lee H, Hanson HA, Logan J, Maguire D, Kapadia A, Dewji S, Agasthya G. Evaluating county-level lung cancer incidence from environmental radiation exposure, PM 2.5, and other exposures with regression and machine learning models. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:82. [PMID: 38367080 PMCID: PMC10874317 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the interplay between exposures shaping the human exposome is vital for uncovering the etiology of complex diseases. For example, cancer risk is modified by a range of multifactorial external environmental exposures. Environmental, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors all shape lung cancer risk. However, epidemiological studies of radon aimed at identifying populations at high risk for lung cancer often fail to consider multiple exposures simultaneously. For example, moderating factors, such as PM2.5, may affect the transport of radon progeny to lung tissue. This ecological analysis leveraged a population-level dataset from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results data (2013-17) to simultaneously investigate the effect of multiple sources of low-dose radiation (gross [Formula: see text] activity and indoor radon) and PM2.5 on lung cancer incidence rates in the USA. County-level factors (environmental, sociodemographic, lifestyle) were controlled for, and Poisson regression and random forest models were used to assess the association between radon exposure and lung and bronchus cancer incidence rates. Tree-based machine learning (ML) method perform better than traditional regression: Poisson regression: 6.29/7.13 (mean absolute percentage error, MAPE), 12.70/12.77 (root mean square error, RMSE); Poisson random forest regression: 1.22/1.16 (MAPE), 8.01/8.15 (RMSE). The effect of PM2.5 increased with the concentration of environmental radon, thereby confirming findings from previous studies that investigated the possible synergistic effect of radon and PM2.5 on health outcomes. In summary, the results demonstrated (1) a need to consider multiple environmental exposures when assessing radon exposure's association with lung cancer risk, thereby highlighting (1) the importance of an exposomics framework and (2) that employing ML models may capture the complex interplay between environmental exposures and health, as in the case of indoor radon exposure and lung cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heechan Lee
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Programs, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Jeremy Logan
- Data Engineering Group, Data and AI Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Dakotah Maguire
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Anuj Kapadia
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Shaheen Dewji
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Programs, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Greeshma Agasthya
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
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Zhang Q, Zhu S, Grady SC, Wang A, Hutchings H, Cox J, Popoff A, Okereke I. Spatial and spatio-temporal clusters of lung cancer incidence by stage of disease in Michigan, United States 1985-2018. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2024; 19. [PMID: 38357855 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2024.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in Michigan. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease. There is a need to detect clusters of lung cancer incidence over time, to generate new hypotheses about causation and identify high-risk areas for screening and treatment. The Michigan Cancer Surveillance database of individual lung cancer cases, 1985 to 2018 was used for this study. Spatial and spatiotemporal clusters of lung cancer and level of disease (localized, regional and distant) were detected using discrete Poisson spatial scan statistics at the zip code level over the study time period. The approach detected cancer clusters in cities such as Battle Creek, Sterling Heights and St. Clair County that occurred prior to year 2000 but not afterwards. In the northern area of the lower peninsula and the upper peninsula clusters of late-stage lung cancer emerged after year 2000. In Otter Lake Township and southwest Detroit, late-stage lung cancer clusters persisted. Public and patient education about lung cancer screening programs must remain a health priority in order to optimize lung cancer surveillance. Interventions should also involve programs such as telemedicine to reduce advanced stage disease in remote areas. In cities such as Detroit, residents often live near industry that emits air pollutants. Future research should therefore, continue to focus on the geography of lung cancer to uncover place-based risks and in response, the need for screening and health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Shangrui Zhu
- Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
| | - Sue C Grady
- Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan.
| | | | - Jessica Cox
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
| | - Andrew Popoff
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Ikenna Okereke
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan.
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Chen W, Liu H, Chen Y, Gao M. Enhancement of Therapeutic Potential of Oncolytic Virus with Homologous Tumor Cell Membranes for Pancreatic Cancer. IET Nanobiotechnol 2024; 2024:9970665. [PMID: 38863971 PMCID: PMC11095071 DOI: 10.1049/2024/9970665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Conventional therapies often provide limited success, necessitating the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a class of viruses that specifically target and kill cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. These viruses have shown promise in the treatment of various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. However, their use in clinical settings has been limited by several factors. Their inability to efficiently infect and kill tumor cells. To overcome this limitation, a cell membrane-coated oncolytic virus was developed. However, the necessity of homologous and nonhomologous tumor cell membranes for their function has not yet been proven. This novel virus displayed increased infectivity and killing activity against tumor cells compared to nonhomologous tumor cell membranes and noncoated viruses. We believe that the homologous tumor cell membranes-coated OVs can enhance the therapeutic potential for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Hefei 230011, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
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Sinha S, Hembram KC, Chatterjee S. Targeting signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: A potential approach for developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:157-209. [PMID: 38663959 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as prime players in the intricate landscape of cancer development, progression, and resistance to traditional treatments. These unique cellular subpopulations own the remarkable capability of self-renewal and differentiation, giving rise to the diverse cellular makeup of tumors and fostering their recurrence following conventional therapies. In the quest for developing more effective cancer therapeutics, the focus has now shifted toward targeting the signaling pathways that govern CSCs behavior. This chapter underscores the significance of these signaling pathways in CSC biology and their potential as pivotal targets for the development of novel chemotherapy approaches. We delve into several key signaling pathways essential for maintaining the defining characteristics of CSCs, including the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, JAK-STAT, NF-κB pathways, among others, shedding light on their potential crosstalk. Furthermore, we highlight the latest advancements in CSC-targeted therapies, spanning from promising preclinical models to ongoing clinical trials. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate molecular aspects of CSC signaling pathways and their manipulation holds the prospective to revolutionize cancer treatment paradigms. This, in turn, could lead to more efficacious and personalized therapies with the ultimate goal of eradicating CSCs and enhancing overall patient outcomes. The exploration of CSC signaling pathways represents a key step towards a brighter future in the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sinha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subhajit Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Chen J, Yu X, Wu X, Chai K, Wang S. Causal relationships between gut microbiota, immune cell, and Non-small cell lung cancer: a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Cancer 2024; 15:1890-1897. [PMID: 38434967 PMCID: PMC10905411 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Regulating the immune system is a crucial measure of gut microbiota (GM) that influences the development of diseases. The causal role of GM on Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether it can be mediated by immune cells is still unknown. Methods: We performed a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization study with an Inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach to investigate the causal role of GM on NSCLC and the mediation effect of immune cells between the association of GM and NSCLC. Results: MR analyses determined the protective effects of 6 genera on NSCLC (Bacteroides, Roseburia, Alistipes, Methanobrevibacter, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, and Peptococcus). In addition, 38 immune cell traits were suggestively associated with NSCLC. Of note, the mediation MR illustrated the causal role of Genus-Peptococcus on NSCLC (Total effect IVW: OR = 0.790, 95% CI [0.657, 0.950], P = 0.012) was to a large proportion mediated by CD45 on HLA DR+ CD4+ in TBNK panel (-034 (95% CI [-0.070, -0.005]; P = 0.037), accounting for 14.4% of Total effect). Conclusion: The study suggested a causal relationship between GM and NSCLC, which may be mediated by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
- Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Xuzhou Yu
- Respiratory Department, Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - XiaoYu Wu
- Respiratory Department, Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Respiratory Department, Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua Zhejiang 310053, China
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Ferkin J, Williams B, Moore PS. Necrotizing Pneumonia, a Skeletal Muscle Lesion, and a Fungating Duodenal Mass: An Atypical Presentation of Rapidly Progressing Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e53950. [PMID: 38469002 PMCID: PMC10926317 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma, the predominant subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, typically metastasizes to common sites such as the liver and adrenal glands. However, rare instances involve skeletal muscle metastasis. We present a case of a 45-year-old female with a medical history of hypertension, epilepsy, and fibromyalgia, who presented to the emergency department with hemoptysis and multifocal pain. Chest imaging revealed a cavitary lesion which appeared to be necrotizing pneumonia. Further investigations uncovered a fluid collection in the left thigh, which would be identified as poorly differentiated carcinoma. Subsequent testing identified the lung as the primary source of metastasis. Despite radiation treatment, the patient's condition deteriorated over the next 50 days, highlighting the aggressive nature of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Ferkin
- Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Salisbury, USA
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Dwivedi K, Rajpal A, Rajpal S, Kumar V, Agarwal M, Kumar N. XL 1R-Net: Explainable AI-driven improved L 1-regularized deep neural architecture for NSCLC biomarker identification. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 108:107990. [PMID: 38000327 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibits intrinsic molecular heterogeneity, primarily driven by the mutation of specific biomarkers. Identification of these biomarkers would assist not only in distinguishing NSCLC into its major subtypes - Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma, but also in developing targeted therapy. Medical practitioners use one or more types of omic data to identify these biomarkers, copy number variation (CNV) being one such type. CNV provides a measure of genomic instability, which is considered a hallmark of carcinoma. However, the CNV data has not received much attention for biomarker identification. This paper aims to identify biomarkers for NSCLC using CNV data. METHODS An eXplainable AI (XAI)-driven L1-regularized deep learning architecture, XL1R-Net, is proposed that introduces a novel modification of the standard L1-regularized gradient descent algorithm to arrive at an improved deep neural classifier for NSCLC subtyping. Further, XAI-based feature identification has been used to leverage the trained classifier to uncover a set of twenty NCSLC-relevant biomarkers. RESULTS The identified biomarkers are evaluated based on their classification performance and clinical relevance. Using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)-based model, a classification accuracy of 84.95% using 10-fold cross-validation is achieved. Moreover, the statistical significance test on the classification performance also revealed the superiority of the MLP model over the competitive machine learning models. Further, the publicly available Drug-Gene Interaction Database reveals twelve of the identified biomarkers as potentially druggable. The K-M Plotter tool was used to verify eighteen of the identified biomarkers with a high probability of predicting NSCLC patients' likelihood of survival. While nine of the identified biomarkers confirm the recent literature, five find mention in the OncoKB Gene List. CONCLUSION A set of seven novel biomarkers that have not been reported in the literature could be investigated for their potential contribution towards NSCLC therapy. Given NSCLC's genetic diversity, using only one omics data type may not adequately capture the tumor's complexity. Multiomics data and its integration with other sources will be examined in the future to better understand NSCLC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kountay Dwivedi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Ankit Rajpal
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Sheetal Rajpal
- Department of Computer Science, Dyal Singh College, Delhi, India.
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manoj Agarwal
- Department of Computer Science, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Kozai H, Ogino H, Mitsuhashi A, Nguyen NT, Tsukazaki Y, Yabuki Y, Ozaki R, Yoneda H, Sato S, Hanibuchi M, Shinohara T, Nokihara H, Nishioka Y. Potential of fluoropyrimidine to be an immunologically optimal partner of immune checkpoint inhibitors through inducing immunogenic cell death for thoracic malignancies. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:369-378. [PMID: 38146645 PMCID: PMC10864125 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a revolutionary paradigm in the treatment of thoracic malignancies and chemoimmunotherapy is a current standard care in this field. Chemotherapeutic agents are known to induce not only direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells but also immune modulating effects, such as stimulating immunogenic cell death (ICD). Currently, either pemetrexed (PEM) or taxane plus platinum are combined with ICIs for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it is still unknown whether these agents are immunologically optimal partners for ICIs. METHODS To determine the immunologically optimal chemotherapeutic agent, we first evaluated the ability of several chemotherapeutic agents, including platinum, PEM, taxane, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to induce ICD using several thoracic tumor cell lines in vitro. ICD was evaluated by the cell surface expression of calreticulin (CRT) and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) secretion. We further performed an antitumor vaccination assay in vivo. RESULTS 5-FU induced cell surface expression of CRT and ATP secretion most efficiently among the several chemotherapeutic agents. This effect was enhanced when it was combined with platinum. In the antitumor vaccination assay in vivo, we found that vaccination with dying-AB1-HA (a murine malignant mesothelioma cell line) cells treated with 5-FU, but neither PEM nor PTX, reduced the tumor growth of living-AB1-HA cells inoculated 1 week after vaccination by recruiting CD3+ CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that fluoropyrimidine can be an immunologically optimal partner of ICIs through the induction of ICD for thoracic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kozai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hirokazu Ogino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Atsushi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Na Thi Nguyen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yuki Tsukazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yohei Yabuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Ryohiko Ozaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroto Yoneda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Seidai Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Masaki Hanibuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of Community Medicine for RespirologyHematology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of Community Medicine for RespirologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nokihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
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Prodan-Bărbulescu C, Watz CG, Moacă EA, Faur AC, Dehelean CA, Faur FI, Grigoriţă LO, Maghiari AL, Tuţac P, Duţă C, Bolintineanu S, Ghenciu LA. A Preliminary Report Regarding the Morphological Changes of Nano-Enabled Pharmaceutical Formulation on Human Lung Carcinoma Monolayer and 3D Bronchial Microtissue. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:208. [PMID: 38399496 PMCID: PMC10890658 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nowadays, the development of enabled pharmaceutical nanoparticles of solid lipid type is continuously growing, because they have the potential to be used for targeted drug release leading to an increased effect of chemotherapy, being used in lung cancer nano-diagnosis and nano-therapy. The current study reports the preliminary results obtained regarding the biological effect of a new nano-enabled pharmaceutical formulation in terms of its cytotoxic and biosafety profile. Materials and Methods: The pharmaceutical formulations consist of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) obtained via the emulsification-diffusion method by loading green iron oxide nanoparticles (green-IONPs) with a pentacyclic triterpene (oleanolic acid-OA). Further, a complex biological assessment was performed, employing three-dimensional (3D) bronchial microtissues (EpiAirwayTM) to determine the biosafety profile of the SLN samples. The cytotoxic potential of the samples was evaluated on human lung carcinoma, using an in vitro model (A549 human lung carcinoma monolayer). Results: The data revealed that the A549 cell line was strongly affected after treatment with SLN samples, especially those that contained OA-loaded green-IONPs obtained with Ocimum basilicum extract (under 30% viability rates). The biosafety profile investigation of the 3D normal in vitro bronchial model showed that all the SLN samples negatively affected the viability of the bronchial microtissues (below 50%). As regards the morphological changes, all the samples induce major changes such as loss of the surface epithelium integrity, loss of epithelial junctions, loss of cilia, hyperkeratosis, and cell death caused by apoptosis. Conclusions: In summary, the culprit for the negative impact on viability and morphology of 3D normal bronchial microtissues could be the too-high dose (500 µg/mL) of the SLN sample used. Nevertheless, further adjustments in the SLN synthesis process and another complex in vitro evaluation will be considered for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Prodan-Bărbulescu
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (A.-C.F.); (L.O.G.); (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Claudia-Geanina Watz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.-G.W.); (C.-A.D.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena-Alina Moacă
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.-G.W.); (C.-A.D.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Corina Faur
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (A.-C.F.); (L.O.G.); (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Cristina-Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.-G.W.); (C.-A.D.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Ionut Faur
- Department X—Discipline of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.I.F.); (C.D.)
- 2nd Surgery Clinic, “Pius Brinzeu” Clinical Emergency County Hospital, RO-300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura Octavia Grigoriţă
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (A.-C.F.); (L.O.G.); (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Anca Laura Maghiari
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (A.-C.F.); (L.O.G.); (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Paul Tuţac
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Department, “Pius Brinzeu” Clinical Emergency County Hospital, RO-300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Duţă
- Department X—Discipline of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.I.F.); (C.D.)
- 2nd Surgery Clinic, “Pius Brinzeu” Clinical Emergency County Hospital, RO-300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Bolintineanu
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (A.-C.F.); (L.O.G.); (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Laura Andreea Ghenciu
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (A.-C.F.); (L.O.G.); (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (L.A.G.)
- Department III—Discipline of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Zhong L, Yang F, Sun S, Wang L, Yu H, Nie X, Liu A, Xu N, Zhang L, Zhang M, Qi Y, Ji H, Liu G, Zhao H, Jiang Y, Li J, Song C, Yu X, Yang L, Yu J, Feng H, Guo X, Yang F, Xue F. Predicting lung cancer survival prognosis based on the conditional survival bayesian network. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:16. [PMID: 38254038 PMCID: PMC10801949 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths and imposes an enormous economic burden on patients. It is important to develop an accurate risk assessment model to determine the appropriate treatment for patients after an initial lung cancer diagnosis. The Cox proportional hazards model is mainly employed in survival analysis. However, real-world medical data are usually incomplete, posing a great challenge to the application of this model. Commonly used imputation methods cannot achieve sufficient accuracy when data are missing, so we investigated novel methods for the development of clinical prediction models. In this article, we present a novel model for survival prediction in missing scenarios. We collected data from 5,240 patients diagnosed with lung cancer at the Weihai Municipal Hospital, China. Then, we applied a joint model that combined a BN and a Cox model to predict mortality risk in individual patients with lung cancer. The established prognostic model achieved good predictive performance in discrimination and calibration. We showed that combining the BN with the Cox proportional hazards model is highly beneficial and provides a more efficient tool for risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Chronic Noninfectious Diseases, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiushan Nie
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Lanfang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Mingjuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Huaijun Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Guiyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yinan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Chengcun Song
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Jinchao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Hu Feng
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- The Department for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Fujun Yang
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China.
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Goksel T, Özgür S, Vardarlı AT, Koç A, Karakuş HS, Özdemir TR, Erdoğan KM, Aldağ C, Veral A, Komurcuoglu B, Gursoy P, Arayici ME, Leblebici A, Yiğitbaşı T, Ellidokuz H, Basbinar Y. Prognostic and predictive role of liquid biopsy in lung cancer patients. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1275525. [PMID: 38304031 PMCID: PMC10830640 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1275525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Approximately 80% of LC cases are of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) type, and approximately two-thirds of these cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Only systemic treatment methods can be applied to patients in the advanced stages when there is no chance of surgical treatment. Identification of mutations that cause LC is of vital importance in determining appropriate treatment methods. New noninvasive methods are needed to repeat and monitor these molecular analyses. In this regard, liquid biopsy (LB) is the most promising method. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of LB in detecting EGFR executive gene mutations that cause LC. Methods One hundred forty-six patients in stages IIIB and IV diagnosed with non-squamous cell non-small cell LC were included. Liquid biopsy was performed as a routine procedure in cases where no mutation was detected in solid tissue or in cases with progression after targeted therapy. Liquid biopsy samples were also obtained for the second time from 10 patients who showed progression under the applied treatment. Mutation analyses were performed using the Cobas® EGFR Test, a real-time PCR test designed to detect mutations in exons 18, 20, and 21 and changes in exon 19 of the EGFR gene. Results Mutation positivity in paraffin blocks was 21.9%, whereas it was 32.2% in LB. Solids and LB were compatible in 16 patients. Additionally, while no mutation was found in solid tissue in the evaluation of 27 cases, it was detected in LB. It has been observed that new mutations can be detected not only at the time of diagnosis, but also in LB samples taken during the follow-up period, leading to the determination of targeted therapy. Discussion The results showed that "liquid biopsy" is a successful and alternative non-invasive method for detecting cancer-causing executive mutations, given the limitations of conventional biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuncay Goksel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
- EgeSAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Su Özgür
- EgeSAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Aslı Tetik Vardarlı
- EgeSAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Altuğ Koç
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Haydar Soydaner Karakuş
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
- EgeSAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Taha Reşid Özdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Kadri Murat Erdoğan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ceyda Aldağ
- EgeSAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Biology, Ege University Faculty of Science, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ali Veral
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Berna Komurcuoglu
- Health Sciences University, Dr. Suat Seren Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Surgery, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Gursoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Emin Arayici
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Asim Leblebici
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Türkan Yiğitbaşı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hülya Ellidokuz
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Espiga de Macedo J, Taveira-Gomes T, Machado JC, Hespanhol V. Implementation of a Pilot Study to Analyze Circulating Tumor DNA in Early-Stage Lung Cancer. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:10-19. [PMID: 37489611 DOI: 10.20344/amp.19487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liquid biopsies based on plasma circulating tumour deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) have shown promise in monitoring lung cancer evolution. The expression of ctDNA across time, its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and its association with lung cancer progression through imaging allow us to weigh how useful ctDNA could be in monitoring surgically resectable lung cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ctDNA analysis implementation in early-stage lung cancer. METHODS A cohort of 47 patients was sequentially recruited. Only 34 patients with early-stage lung cancer were included. All patients had a tissue specimen and five blood samples drawn: at the preoperative stage, from the pulmonary vein, at surgical discharge, at the first follow-up and at the last follow-up. All blood samples were evaluated for ctDNA expression. RESULTS On average, the maximum yield of ctDNA was obtained in liquid biopsies at the surgical discharge of patients when compared with PO, PV, and F1 (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 respectively). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the last follow-up to surgical discharge ctDNA expression (p = 0.851). The correlation between ctDNA concentration according to five-time points and the four clinicopathological characteristics showed that patients younger than 70 years had a statistically significant reduction of the concentration of ctDNA at the preoperative and surgical discharge time point [β = -16 734 (-27 707; - 5760); p = 0.003; β = -21 785 (-38 447; -5123); p = 0.010], as opposed to an increase of the concentration of ctDNA at the pulmonary vein and last follow-up time points [β = 8369 (0.359; 16 378); p = 0.041; β = 34 402 (12 549; 56 254); p = 0.002] all with a confidence level of 95%. In the cases where actionable mutations were identified in tissue biopsies, the expected mutation was found in five out of six patients plasma samples at the pre-operatory time point and in two out of six patients plasma samples at the pulmonary vein time point. Two out of six patients with actionable mutations had disease progression. CONCLUSION The results of this pilot study suggest that the maximum yield of ctDNA is obtained at the surgical discharge of the patients and that the pre-operatory timepoint is the one offering the highest sensitivity for the detection of actionable mutations in ctDNA in early-stage lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Espiga de Macedo
- Medical Oncology Department. Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga. Santa Maria da Feira. & Faculty of Medicine. Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S). Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal
| | - Tiago Taveira-Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine. Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Department of Community Medicine. Information and Decision in Health (MEDCIDS). Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Porto. Portugal
| | - José Carlos Machado
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Department of Pulmonology. Hospital de São João. Porto. Portugal
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Department of Pulmonology. Hospital de São João. Porto. Portugal
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Negrete M, Ademiluyi A, Karayeva E, Eskridge G, Huggins M, Eskridge CM, Price BD, Bendinskas KG, Watson KS, Kim SJ. Bridging the Gap: Engaging Black Men in Lung Cancer Research Through Barbershop Collaboration. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241229417. [PMID: 38339791 PMCID: PMC10859066 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241229417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Health disparities persist among Black men, notably in the context of lung cancer and stress-related health outcomes. This study explores these disparities through a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, citizen science, and social network theory, leveraging the expertise and trust of Black barbers as community leaders. The purpose is to understand the nuanced connections between stress and lung cancer in this demographic. Engaging 161 Black men across four Chicago neighborhoods, the study successfully collected hair samples and survey data, emphasizing the importance of culturally sensitive recruitment strategies. Findings highlight the effectiveness of the collaboration, showcasing the role of barbershops as community hubs for research. The study concludes by advocating for sustained partnerships with community leaders, emphasizing transparency in research communication, and promoting culturally grounded approaches to address health disparities and enhance research participation among underrepresented populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karriem S. Watson
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) All of Us Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sage J. Kim
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Aghili S, Rahimi H, Hakim LK, Karami S, Soufdoost RS, Oskouei AB, Alam M, Badkoobeh A, Golkar M, Abbasi K, Heboyan A, Hosseini ZS. Interactions Between Oral Microbiota and Cancers in the Aging Community: A Narrative Review. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241270553. [PMID: 39092988 PMCID: PMC11378226 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241270553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome potentially wields significant influence in the development of cancer. Within the human oral cavity, an impressive diversity of more than 700 bacterial species resides, making it the second most varied microbiome in the body. This finely balanced oral microbiome ecosystem is vital for sustaining oral health. However, disruptions in this equilibrium, often brought about by dietary habits and inadequate oral hygiene, can result in various oral ailments like periodontitis, cavities, gingivitis, and even oral cancer. There is compelling evidence that the oral microbiome is linked to several types of cancer, including oral, pancreatic, colorectal, lung, gastric, and head and neck cancers. This review discussed the critical connections between cancer and members of the human oral microbiota. Extensive searches were conducted across the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases to provide an up-to-date overview of our understanding of the oral microbiota's role in various human cancers. By understanding the possible microbial origins of carcinogenesis, healthcare professionals can diagnose neoplastic diseases earlier and design treatments accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aghili
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hussein Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Asal Bagherzadeh Oskouei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Badkoobeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Golkar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
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Kim SJ, Kery C, An J, Rineer J, Bobashev G, Matthews AK. Racial/Ethnic disparities in exposure to neighborhood violence and lung cancer risk in Chicago. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116448. [PMID: 38043441 PMCID: PMC10836639 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the lower prevalence and frequency of smoking, Black adults are disproportionately affected by lung cancer. Exposure to chronic stress generates heightened immune responses, which creates a cell environment conducive to lung cancer development. Residents in poor and segregated neighborhoods are exposed to increased neighborhood violence, and chronic exposure to violence may have downstream physiological stress responses, which may explain racial disparities in lung cancer in predominantly Black urban communities. METHODS We utilized retrospective electronic medical records of patients who underwent a screening or diagnostic test for lung cancer at an academic medical center in Chicago to examine the associations between lung cancer diagnosis and individual characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, and smoking status) and neighborhood-level homicide rate. We then used a synthetic population to estimate the neighborhood-level lung cancer risk to understand spatial clusters of increased homicide rates and lung cancer risk. RESULTS Older age and former/current smoking status were associated with increased odds of lung cancer diagnosis. Hispanic patients were more likely than White patients to be diagnosed with lung cancer, but there was no statistical difference between Black and White patients in lung cancer diagnosis. The odds of being diagnosed with lung cancer were significantly higher for patients living in areas with the third and fourth quartiles of homicide rates compared to the second quartile of homicide rates. Furthermore, significant spatial clusters of increased lung cancer risk and homicide rates were observed on Chicago's South and West sides. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood violence was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Black residents in Chicago are disproportionately exposed to neighborhood violence, which may partially explain the existing racial disparity in lung cancer. Incorporating neighborhood violence exposure into lung cancer risk models may help identify high-risk individuals who could benefit from lung cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage J Kim
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Division of Health Policy and Administration, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Jinghua An
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - James Rineer
- Geospatial Science & Technology Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Choi DH, Jung HA, Park S, Sun JM, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Lee SH. Effectiveness and safety of amivantamab in EGFR exon 20 insertion (E20I) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:2448-2459. [PMID: 38205202 PMCID: PMC10775014 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is a representative oncogenic driver mutation. Only about 12% of EGFR mutation patients have the exon 20 insertion mutation, which is the third most frequent mutation among EGFR mutation NSCLC. Amivantamab, an EGFR and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) bispecific antibody, was approved for NSCLC patients with the EGFR exon 20 insertion (E20I) mutation. In this study, we described the real-world, single-center efficacy and safety data of amivantamab in E20I mutation patients. Methods This study included metastatic NSCLC patients with EGFR E20I mutations. From January 2018 to June 2022, patients with EGFR E20I mutations who were treated with amivantamab were analyzed at Samsung Medical Center as part of the clinical trial or the early access program (EAP). We collected the patients' characteristics [age, sex, smoking history, location of mutation, sites of metastasis, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression status, etc.] and analyzed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) stratified by PD-L1 expression status, co-mutation such as tumor protein p53 (TP53), and metastasis sites. Results A total of 42 patients were analyzed, of which 16 patients were enrolled in the phase 1 study, and 26 patients received amivantamab through EAP. There were 14 (33%) patients with partial remission, 18 (43%) patients with stable disease, and 10 (24%) patients with disease progression. The objective response rate (ORR) was 33%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 76%. PFS was analyzed by dividing the near and far loop for 31 patients whose mutation location was known. The two groups had no statistically significant difference in PFS [median (range): 11.8 (2.3-21.3) vs. 11.3 (3.4-19.2) months, P=0.69]. For 29 patients with TP53 mutation data, there was no significant difference in PFS between the two groups [median (range): 5.9 (0-18.0) vs. 12.6 (6.9-18.3) months, P=0.11]. When analyzing PFS in 37 patients with PD-L1 expression data, PD-L1 (+) patients showed a poor prognosis [median (range): 11.3 (5.0-17.6) vs. 19.5 (5.3-33.7) months, P=0.04; hazard ratio (HR), 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20-0.98]. Conclusions The efficacy of amivantamab was confirmed for the real-world population for EGFR E20I-mutated NSCLC. PD-L1 status could be a poor predictive factor, which should be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Ho Choi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Sun Y, Chen W, Deng L, Chen M, Dong J. Proteomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of Astragaloside in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer by inducing apoptosis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:461. [PMID: 38102661 PMCID: PMC10722856 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragaloside III (AS III), a saponin-like metabolite derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Astragali Radix, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of cancer and heart failure, and a variety of digestive disorders. However, its molecular mechanism in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. METHODS Human lung cancer A549 cells and NCI-H460 cells and a normal human lung epithelial cell BEAS-2B were treated with different concentrations of AS III. CCK-8 and EdU staining were used to determine the anti-proliferative effects of AS III in vitro. Quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on A549 cells treated with the indicated concentrations of AS III, and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS AS III treatment significantly inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis in A549 and H460 cells and modulated functional signaling pathways associated with apoptosis and metabolism. At the molecular level, AS III promoted a reduction in the expression of ANXA1 (p < 0.01), with increased levels of cleaved Caspase 3 and PARP 1. In addition, AS III treatment significantly decreased the LC3-I/LC3-II ratio. The results of experiment in vitro showed that AS III promoted NSCLC apoptosis by down-regulating the phosphorylation levels of P38, JNK, and AKT (p < 0.01), inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 (p < 0.01), and up-regulating the expression of Bax (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings provide a mechanism whereby AS III treatment induces apoptosis in NSCLC cells, which may be achieved in part via modulation of the P38, ERK and mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Deng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Lessomo FYN, Mandizadza OO, Mukuka C, Wang ZQ. A comprehensive review on immune checkpoint inhibitors induced cardiotoxicity characteristics and associated factors. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:495. [PMID: 37941006 PMCID: PMC10631013 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly approved cancer drugs called ICIs have shown remarkable success in improving patient survival rates, but they also have the potential for inflammatory and immune-related side effects, including those affecting the cardiovascular system. Research has been conducted to understand the development of these toxicities and identify risk factors. This review focuses on the characteristics of ICI-induced cardiotoxicity and discusses the reported risk factors. It is important for cardio-oncologists to understand the basic concepts of these drugs to better understand how cardiotoxicities occur. It might be hard to find reports, where all patients treated with ICIs had developed cardiac toxicity, because there could be other existing and variable factors that influence the likelihood or risk of developing cardiotoxicity during treatment. Various clinical parameters have been explored as potential risk factors, and further investigation is needed through large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhi-Quan Wang
- Cardiology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Trendowski MR, Lusk CM, Wenzlaff AS, Neslund-Dudas C, Gadgeel SM, Soubani AO, Schwartz AG. Assessing a Polygenic Risk Score for Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Non-Hispanic White and Black Populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1558-1563. [PMID: 37578347 PMCID: PMC10841320 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have become an increasingly popular approach to evaluate cancer susceptibility, but have not adequately represented Black populations in model development. METHODS We used a previously published lung cancer PRS on the basis of 80 SNPs associated with lung cancer risk in the OncoArray cohort and validated in UK Biobank. The PRS was evaluated for association with lung cancer risk adjusting for age, sex, total pack-years, family history of lung cancer, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the top five principal components for genetic ancestry. RESULTS Among the 80 PRS SNPs included in the score, 14 were significantly associated with lung cancer risk (P < 0.05) in INHALE White participants, while there were no significant SNPs among INHALE Black participants. After adjusting for covariates, the PRS was significantly associated with risk in Whites (continuous score P = 0.007), but not in Blacks (continuous score P = 0.88). The PRS remained a statistically significant predictor of lung cancer risk in Whites ineligible for lung cancer screening under current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Using a previously validated PRS, we did find some predictive ability for lung cancer in INHALE White participants beyond traditional risk factors. However, this effect was not observed in Black participants, indicating the need to develop and validate ancestry-specific lung cancer risk models. IMPACT While a previously published lung cancer PRS was able to stratify White participants into different levels of risk, the model was not predictive in Blacks. Our findings highlight the need to develop and validate ancestry-specific lung cancer risk models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Trendowski
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christine M. Lusk
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Angela S. Wenzlaff
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christine Neslund-Dudas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ayman O. Soubani
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ann G. Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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Wang Y, He J, Liang Y, Xiong D. Hsa_circ_0102899 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3252-3262. [PMID: 37393417 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The significance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been identified in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Consistently, our study probed the functional actions of hsa_circ_0102899 (circ_0102899) in NSCLC cells. METHODS circ_0102899 expression was checked in NSCLC tissues, as well as its correlation with clinical characteristics of patients, Using A459 cells, transfection to alter gene expression was performed, thus measuring the changes of proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and apoptosis, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. circ_0102899's effects in vivo were validated by tumor xenograft assay. Finally, the regulatory mechanism of circ_0102899 was investigated. RESULTS circ_0102899 indicated a high-expression level in NSCLC tissues which was associated with NSCLC tumor characteristics. Functionally, circ_0102899 knockdown not only inhibited the growth and EMT process of NSCLC cells, but also inhibited tumor formation in vivo. In terms of the regulatory mechanism, circ_0102899 had a binding to miR-885-5p to target eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4γ2 (EIF4G2). circ_0102899 mediated miR-885-5/EIF4G2 axis to accelerate the process of cell malignant behavior in NSCLC. CONCLUSION circ_0102899 promotes EMT and metastasis in NSCLC by regulating the miR-885-5p/EIF4G2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanFei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 245, East Renmin Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - JieMing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 245, East Renmin Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - YongXue Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 245, East Renmin Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650051, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - DaLin Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 245, East Renmin Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650051, Yunnan Province, China.
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