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Brascher TC, de Bortoli L, Toledo-Silva G, Zacchi FL, Razzera G. In silico structural features of the CgNR5A: CgDAX complex and its role in regulating gene expression of CYP target genes in Crassostrea gigas. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142443. [PMID: 38815811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic environments has been steadily increasing due to human activities. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has been used as a key species in studies assessing the impacts of contaminants on human health and the aquatic biome. In this context, cytochrome P450 (CYPs) play a crucial role in xenobiotic metabolism. In vertebrates many of these CYPs are regulated by nuclear receptors (NRs) and little is known about the NRs role in C. gigas. Particularly, the CgNR5A represents a homologue of SF1 and LRH-1 found in vertebrates. Members of this group can regulate genes of CYPs involved in lipid/steroid metabolism, with their activity regulated by other NR, called as DAX-1, generating a NR complex on DNA response elements (REs). As C. gigas does not exhibit steroid biosynthesis pathways, CgNR5A may play other physiological roles. To clarify this issue, we conducted an in silico investigation of the interaction between CgNR5A and DNA to identify potential C. gigas CYP target genes. Using molecular docking and dynamics simulations of the CgNR5A on DNA molecules, we identified a monomeric interaction with extended REs. This RE was found in the promoter region of 30 CYP genes and also the NR CgDAX. When the upstream regulatory region was analyzed, CYP2C39, CYP3A11, CYP4C21, CYP7A1, CYP17A1, and CYP27C1 were mapped as the main genes regulated by CgNR5A. These identified CYPs belong to families known for their involvement in xenobiotic and lipid/steroid metabolism. Furthermore, we reconstructed a trimeric complex, previously proposed for vertebrates, with CgNR5A:CgDAX and subjected it to molecular dynamics simulations analysis. Heterotrimeric complex remained stable during the simulations, suggesting that CgDAX may modulate CgNR5A transcriptional activity. This study provides insights into the potential physiological processes involving these NRs in the regulation of CYPs associated with xenobiotic and steroid/lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Cardozo Brascher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Bortoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Toledo-Silva
- Laboratório de Genômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lucena Zacchi
- Laboratório de Moluscos Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88061-600, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Razzera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Wu T, Lu ZF, Yu HN, Wu XS, Liu Y, Xu Y. Liver receptor homolog-1: structures, related diseases, and drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01276-x. [PMID: 38632319 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that plays crucial roles in metabolism, development, and immunity. Despite being classified as an 'orphan' receptor due to the ongoing debate surrounding its endogenous ligands, recent researches have demonstrated that LRH-1 can be modulated by various synthetic ligands. This highlights the potential of LRH-1 as an attractive drug target for the treatment of inflammation, metabolic disorders, and cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural basis, functional activities, associated diseases, and advancements in therapeutic ligand research targeting LRH-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Nan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Shan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Zhao ZX, Shang MY, Long C, Yao XJ, Gao XB, Guo Y, Sheng XH, Wang XG, Xing K, Xiao LF, Qi XL. α-Linolenic acid-regulated testosterone biosynthesis via activation of the JNK-SF-1 signaling pathway in primary rooster Leydig cells. Theriogenology 2023; 209:170-177. [PMID: 37393747 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
As a functional fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA) is essential in promoting animal testosterone biosynthesis. This study investigated the effects of ALA on testosterone biosynthesis and the possible mechanism underlying the signaling pathway in primary Leydig cells of the rooster. METHODS Primary rooster Leydig cells were treated with ALA (0, 20, 40, or 80 μmol/L) or pretreated with a p38 inhibitor (50 μmol/L), a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (20 μmol/L), or an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (20 μmol/L) before ALA treatment. Testosterone content in the conditioned culture medium was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of steroidogenic enzymes and JNK-SF-1 signaling pathway factors was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Supplementation with ALA significantly increased testosterone secretion within culture media (P < 0.05), and the optimized dose was 40 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) mRNA expression significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the 40 μmol/L ALA group; 17-hydroxylase/c17-20 lyase (P450c17) and p38 mRNA expressions were not significantly different in the 40 μmol/L ALA group; ERK and JNK mRNA expressions were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in 40 μmol/L ALA group. In the inhibitor group, testosterone levels were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the 40 μmol/L ALA group, StAR, P450scc, and P450c17 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and 3β-HSD mRNA expression in the p38 inhibitor group did not change; StAR, P450scc, and 3β-HSD mRNA expressions were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and P450c17 mRNA expression in ERK inhibitor group did not change; StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, and P450c17 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in JNK inhibitor group. Additionally, the increased steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) gene expression levels induced by ALA were reversed when the cells were pre-incubated with JNK and ERK inhibitors. The levels in the JNK inhibitor group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ALA may promote testosterone biosynthesis by activating the JNK-SF-1 signaling pathway to upregulate StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, and P450c17 expression in primary rooster Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xian Zhao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ming-Yu Shang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cheng Long
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xue-Jun Yao
- Changping District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, 102299, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Gao
- Changping District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, 102299, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xi-Hui Sheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Long-Fei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Long Qi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Cato ML, D'Agostino EH, Spurlin RM, Flynn AR, Cornelison JL, Johnson AM, Fujita RA, Abraham SM, Jui NT, Ortlund EA. Comparison of activity, structure, and dynamics of SF-1 and LRH-1 complexed with small molecule modulators. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104921. [PMID: 37328104 PMCID: PMC10407255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) is a phospholipid-sensing nuclear receptor expressed in the adrenal glands, gonads, and hypothalamus which controls steroidogenesis and metabolism. There is significant therapeutic interest in SF-1 because of its oncogenic properties in adrenocortical cancer. Synthetic modulators are attractive for targeting SF-1 for clinical and laboratory purposes due to the poor pharmaceutical properties of its native phospholipid ligands. While small molecule agonists targeting SF-1 have been synthesized, no crystal structures have been reported of SF-1 in complexes with synthetic compounds. This has prevented the establishment of structure-activity relationships that would enable better characterization of ligand-mediated activation and improvement in current chemical scaffolds. Here, we compare the effects of small molecules in SF-1 and its close homolog, liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), and identify several molecules that specifically activate LRH-1. We also report the first crystal structure of SF-1 in complex with a synthetic agonist that displays low nanomolar affinity and potency for SF-1. We use this structure to explore the mechanistic basis for small molecule agonism of SF-1, especially compared to LRH-1, and uncover unique signaling pathways that drive LRH-1 specificity. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal differences in protein dynamics at the pocket mouth as well as ligand-mediated allosteric communication from this region to the coactivator binding interface. Our studies, therefore, shed important insight into the allostery driving SF-1 activity and show potential for modulation of LRH-1 over SF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Cato
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emma H D'Agostino
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Autumn R Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Alyssa M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rei A Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah M Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathan T Jui
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Models of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia for Gene Therapies Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065365. [PMID: 36982440 PMCID: PMC10049562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The adrenal glands are important endocrine organs that play a major role in the stress response. Some adrenal glands abnormalities are treated with hormone replacement therapy, which does not address physiological requirements. Modern technologies make it possible to develop gene therapy drugs that can completely cure diseases caused by mutations in specific genes. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an example of such a potentially treatable monogenic disease. CAH is an autosomal recessive inherited disease with an overall incidence of 1:9500–1:20,000 newborns. To date, there are several promising drugs for CAH gene therapy. At the same time, it remains unclear how new approaches can be tested, as there are no models for this disease. The present review focuses on modern models for inherited adrenal gland insufficiency and their detailed characterization. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of various pathological models are discussed, and ways of further development are suggested.
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Steroidogenic Factor 1, a Goldilocks Transcription Factor from Adrenocortical Organogenesis to Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043585. [PMID: 36835002 PMCID: PMC9959402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, also termed Ad4BP; NR5A1 in the official nomenclature) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the regulation of adrenal and gonadal development, function and maintenance. In addition to its classical role in regulating the expression of P450 steroid hydroxylases and other steroidogenic genes, involvement in other key processes such as cell survival/proliferation and cytoskeleton dynamics have also been highlighted for SF-1. SF-1 has a restricted pattern of expression, being expressed along the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and in steroidogenic organs since the time of their establishment. Reduced SF-1 expression affects proper gonadal and adrenal organogenesis and function. On the other hand, SF-1 overexpression is found in adrenocortical carcinoma and represents a prognostic marker for patients' survival. This review is focused on the current knowledge about SF-1 and the crucial importance of its dosage for adrenal gland development and function, from its involvement in adrenal cortex formation to tumorigenesis. Overall, data converge towards SF-1 being a key player in the complex network of transcriptional regulation within the adrenal gland in a dosage-dependent manner.
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Synthesis, Regulatory Factors, and Signaling Pathways of Estrogen in the Ovary. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:350-360. [PMID: 35384637 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New insights have been thrown for understanding the significant role of estrogen on various systems of humans. Increasing evidences have determined the significant roles of estrogen in female reproductive system. So, the normal synthesis and secretion of estrogen play important roles in maintaining the function of tissues and organs. The ovaries are the main synthetic organs of estrogen. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of the estrogen synthesis in the ovaries. A series of factors and signaling pathways that regulate the synthesis of estrogen are expounded in detail. Understanding the regulating factors and potential mechanism related to estrogen synthesis will be beneficial for understanding estrogen disorder related diseases and may provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Zhou JH, Zhu XL, Li MY, Luo YW, Yang ZM, Wang L, Tong T, Qin SL, Liu BL, Chen BH, Hu W. Local adrenomedullin gene delivery inhibits Leydig cell dysfunction by rescuing steroidogenic enzymes in vivo. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14545. [PMID: 35942817 DOI: 10.1111/and.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) has beneficial effects on Leydig cells under pathological conditions, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced orchitis. Our previous studies demonstrated that ADM exerts a restorative effect on steroidogenesis in LPS-treated primary rat Leydig cells by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, we aim to investigate whether ADM inhibits Leydig cell dysfunction by rescuing steroidogenic enzymes in vivo. Rats were administered with LPS and injected with Ad-ADM, an adeno-associated virus vector that expressed ADM. Then, rat testes were collected for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) immunofluorescence staining. Steroidogenic enzymes or steroidogenic regulatory factors or protein, including steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH1), Nur77, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3β-HSD, cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase (CYP17) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), were detected via gene expression profiling and western blot analysis. Plasma testosterone concentrations were measured. Results showed that ADM may inhibit Leydig cell dysfunction by rescuing steroidogenic enzymes and steroidogenic regulatory factors in vivo. The reduction in the number of Leydig cells after LPS exposure was reversed by ADM. ADM rescued the gene or protein levels of SF-1, LRH1, Nur77, StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, CYP17 and 17β-HSD and plasma testosterone concentrations. To summarize ADM could rescue some important steroidogenic enzymes, steroidogenic regulatory factors and testosterone production in Leydig cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Zhou
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xia-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ming-Yong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - You-Wen Luo
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Min Yang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Song-Lin Qin
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo-Long Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bing-Hai Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Beachum AN, Whitehead KM, McDonald SI, Phipps DN, Berghout HE, Ables ET. Orphan nuclear receptor ftz-f1 (NR5A3) promotes egg chamber survival in the Drosophila ovary. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6114459. [PMID: 33693603 PMCID: PMC8022936 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gamete production in mammals and insects is controlled by cell signaling pathways that facilitate communication between germ cells and somatic cells. Nuclear receptor signaling is a key mediator of many aspects of reproduction, including gametogenesis. For example, the NR5A subfamily of nuclear receptors is essential for gonad development and sex steroid production in mammals. Despite the original identification of the NR5A subfamily in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster, it has been unclear whether Drosophila NR5A receptors directly control oocyte production. Ftz-f1 is expressed throughout the ovary, including in germline stem cells, germline cysts, and several populations of somatic cells. We show that ftz-f1 is required in follicle cells prior to stage 10 to promote egg chamber survival at the mid-oogenesis checkpoint. Our data suggest that egg chamber death in the absence of ftz-f1 is due, at least in part, to failure of follicle cells to exit the mitotic cell cycle or failure to accumulate oocyte-specific factors in the germline. Taken together, these results show that, as in mammals, the NR5A subfamily promotes maximal reproductive output in Drosophila. Our data underscore the importance of nuclear receptors in the control of reproduction and highlight the utility of Drosophila oogenesis as a key model for unraveling the complexity of nuclear receptor signaling in gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Beachum
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel N Phipps
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Hanna E Berghout
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Ables
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Biology, East Carolina University, 1001 E. 10th St., Mailstop 551, 553 Science & Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Yazawa T, Sato T, Nemoto T, Nagata S, Imamichi Y, Kitano T, Sekiguchi T, Uwada J, Islam MS, Mikami D, Nakajima I, Takahashi S, Khan MRI, Suzuki N, Umezawa A, Ida T. 11-Ketotestosterone is a major androgen produced in porcine adrenal glands and testes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105847. [PMID: 33609691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Porcine steroid hormone profiles have some unique characteristics. We previously studied human and murine steroidogenesis using steroidogenic cells-derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). To investigate porcine steroidogenesis, we induced steroidogenic cells from porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes (PSPA cells), which originate from MSCs. Using cAMP, adenovirus-mediated introduction of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1)/adrenal 4-binding protein (Ad4BP) induced the differentiation of PSPA cells into sex steroid-producing cells. Introducing SF-1/Ad4BP also induced the aldo-keto reductase 1C1 (AKR1C1) gene. Porcine AKR1C1 had 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, which converts androstenedione and 11-ketoandrostenedione into testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosteorne (11KT). Furthermore, differentiated cells expressed hydroxysteroid 11β-dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2) and produced 11KT. HSD11B2 was expressed in testicular Leydig cells and the adrenal cortex. 11KT was present in the plasma of both immature male and female pigs, with slightly higher levels in the male pigs. T levels were much higher in the male pigs. It is noteworthy that in the female pigs, the 11KT levels were >10-fold higher than the T levels. However, castration altered the 11KT and T plasma profiles in the male pigs to near those of the females. 11KT induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in porcine vascular endothelial cells. These results indicate that 11KT is produced in porcine adrenal glands and testes, and may regulate cardiovascular functions through eNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Mikami
- Department of Nephrology, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Nakajima
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takanori Ida
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Wang Y, Gao W, Li Y, Chow ST, Xie W, Zhang X, Zhou J, Chan FL. Interplay between orphan nuclear receptors and androgen receptor-dependent or-independent growth signalings in prostate cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100921. [PMID: 33121737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that both the initial and advanced growth of prostate cancer depends critically on androgens and thus on the activated androgen receptor (AR) -mediated signaling pathway. The unique hormone-dependent feature of prostate cancer forms the biological basis of hormone or androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) that aims to suppress the AR signaling by androgen depletion or AR antagonists. ADT still remains the mainstay treatment option for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. However, most patients upon ADT will inevitably develop therapy-resistance and progress to relapse in the form of castration-resistant disease (castration-resistant prostate cancer or CRPC) or even a more aggressive androgen-independent subtype (therapy-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer or NEPC). Recent advances show that besides AR, some ligand-independent members of nuclear receptor superfamily-designated as orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs), as their endogenous physiological ligands are either absent or not yet identified to date, also play significant roles in the growth regulation of prostate cancer via multiple AR-dependent or -independent (AR-bypass) pathways or mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the newly elucidated roles of ONRs in prostate cancer, with a focus on their interplay in the AR-dependent pathways (intratumoral androgen biosynthesis and suppression of AR signaling) and AR-independent pathways or cellular processes (hypoxia, oncogene- or tumor suppressor-induced senescence, apoptosis and regulation of prostate cancer stem cells). These ONRs with their newly characterized roles not only can serve as novel biomarkers but also as potential therapeutic targets for management of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Weijie Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjia Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sin Ting Chow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjuan Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Li J, Luo W, Huang T, Gong Y. Growth differentiation factor 9 promotes follicle-stimulating hormone-induced progesterone production in chicken follicular granulosa cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 276:69-76. [PMID: 30851298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The function of oocyte-derived growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) in ovarian follicles has thus far been poorly defined in avian species compared with the defined function in mammals. Our aim here is to investigate the effects of GDF9 on steroidogenesis and on chicken ovarian granulosa cell (GC) mitosis. Primary GCs from both prehierarchical (6-8 mm in diameter, phGCs) and preovulatory follicles (F1-F5, poGCs) were cultured in the presence or absence of the GDF9 protein. The progesterone (P4) levels in the culture medium were then measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the expression levels of steroidogenesis genes were detected by quantitative PCR. We found that GDF9 alone showed no significant effect on the P4 levels by regulating the expression of steroidogenesis genes, such as STAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B. Further experiments indicated that GDF9 promoted follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced P4 production and STAR expression. GDF9 also rescued the FSH-induced decrease of FSH receptor (FSHR) expression but had no effect on the forskolin-induced P4, STAR and forskolin-inhibited FSHR expression levels, suggesting that GDF9 might achieve its regulatory role of P4 by enhancing FSHR and STAR expression. In addition, GDF9 also promoted GC cell cycle progression, regulated the gene transcription of related genes, potentiated DNA replication and inhibited apoptosis. Interestingly, these effects differed between the phGCs and the poGCs. To our knowledge, this is the first report that illustrates the function of GDF9 on chicken GCs and the effects on ovarian steroidogenesis. Our findings highlight the regulation of central oocytes on the surrounding granulosa cells and emphasize the interaction between paracrine signals and endocrine hormones on ovarian progesterone production; these findings contribute to the understanding of the development of avian ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Yazawa T, Imamichi Y, Yuhki KI, Uwada J, Mikami D, Shimada M, Miyamoto K, Kitano T, Takahashi S, Sekiguchi T, Suzuki N, Rafiqul Islam Khan M, Ushikubi F, Umezawa A, Taniguchi T. Cyclooxygenase-2 is acutely induced by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β to produce prostaglandin E 2 and F 2α following gonadotropin stimulation in Leydig cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:786-797. [PMID: 31087493 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is an inducible rate-limiting enzyme for prostanoid production. Because COX-2 represents one of the inducible genes in mouse mesenchymal stem cells upon differentiation into Leydig cells, we investigated COX-2 expression and production of prostaglandin (PG) in Leydig cells. Although COX-2 was undetectable in mouse testis, it was transiently induced in Leydig cells by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Consistent with the finding that Leydig cells expressed aldo-keto reductase 1B7 (PGF synthase) and PGE synthase 2, induction of COX-2 by hCG caused a marked increase in testicular PGF 2α and PGE 2 levels. Using mouse Leydig cell tumor-derived MA-10 cells as a model, it was indicated by reporter assays and electron mobility shift assays that transcription of the COX-2 gene was activated by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) with cAMP-stimulation. C/EBPβ expression was induced by cAMP-stimulation, whereas expression of C/EBP homolog protein (CHOP) was robustly downregulated. Transfection of CHOP expression plasmid inhibited cAMP-induced COX-2 promoter activity. In addition, CHOP reduced constitutive COX-2 expression in other mouse Leydig cell tumor-derived TM3 cells. These results indicate that COX-2 is induced in Leydig cells by activation of C/EBPβ via reduction of CHOP expression upon gonadotropin-stimulation to produce PGF 2α and PGE 2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Yuhki
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mikami
- Department of Nephrology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- The Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- The Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Fumitaka Ushikubi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Transcriptional Regulation of Ovarian Steroidogenic Genes: Recent Findings Obtained from Stem Cell-Derived Steroidogenic Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8973076. [PMID: 31058195 PMCID: PMC6463655 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8973076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovaries represent one of the primary steroidogenic organs, producing estrogen and progesterone under the regulation of gonadotropins during the estrous cycle. Gonadotropins fluctuate the expression of various steroidogenesis-related genes, such as those encoding steroidogenic enzymes, cholesterol deliverer, and electronic transporter. Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1)/adrenal 4-binding protein (Ad4BP)/NR5A1 and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) play important roles in these phenomena via transcriptional regulation. With the aid of cAMP, SF-1/Ad4BP and LRH-1 can induce the differentiation of stem cells into steroidogenic cells. This model is a useful tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of steroidogenesis. In this article, we will provide insight into the transcriptional regulation of steroidogenesis-related genes in ovaries that are revealed from stem cell-derived steroidogenic cells. Using the cells derived from the model, novel SF-1/Ad4BP- and LRH-1-regulated genes were identified by combined DNA microarray and promoter tiling array analyses. The interaction of SF-1/Ad4BP and LRH-1 with transcriptional regulators in the regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis was also revealed.
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15
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Valdez R, Cavinder CA, Varner DD, Welsh TH, Vogelsang MM, Ing NH. Dexamethasone downregulates expression of several genes encoding orphan nuclear receptors that are important to steroidogenesis in stallion testes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22309. [PMID: 30801912 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids impair testosterone synthesis by an unknown mechanism. Stallions treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone had testes collected at 6 or 12 hours postinjection. The testicular expression of selected genes encoding nuclear receptors and steroidogenic enzymes was measured. At 6 hours, dexamethasone treatment decreased levels of NR0B2, NR4A1, NR5A1, and NR5A2 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and NR5A2 mRNA levels remained depressed at 12 hours. In contrast, dexamethasone increased levels of NFKBIA mRNA at both time points. At 6 hours, dexamethasone did not alter levels of NR0B1, NR2F1, NR2F2, NR3C1, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, DHCR24, GSTA3, HSD3B2, HSD17B3, LHCGR, or STAR mRNAs. In primary cultures of Leydig cells, 10 -9 and 10 -7 M dexamethasone decreased levels of NR4A1 and NR5A1 mRNAs and increased those of NFKBIA mRNA. Our discovery that dexamethasone downregulates NR4A1, NR5A1, and NR5A2 genes, known to be important for testicular functions, may be part of the mechanism by which glucocorticoids acutely decreases testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Valdez
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Clay A Cavinder
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Dickson D Varner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Thomas H Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Martha M Vogelsang
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Nancy H Ing
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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16
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Hu F, Zhu Q, Sun B, Cui C, Li C, Zhang L. Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1 promotes LIM‐homeobox gene 9 degradation and represses testosterone production in Leydig cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:4627-4640. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701480r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- Department of Geriatric EndocrinologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center of Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Qiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center of Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Banruo Sun
- Department of Geriatric EndocrinologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Chunping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center of Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Geriatric EndocrinologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center of Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
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17
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Innamorati G, Wilkie TM, Kantheti HS, Valenti MT, Dalle Carbonare L, Giacomello L, Parenti M, Melisi D, Bassi C. The curious case of Gαs gain-of-function in neoplasia. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:293. [PMID: 29544460 PMCID: PMC5856294 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations activating the α subunit of heterotrimeric Gs protein are associated with a number of highly specific pathological molecular phenotypes. One of the best characterized is the McCune Albright syndrome. The disease presents with an increased incidence of neoplasias in specific tissues. MAIN BODY A similar repertoire of neoplasms can develop whether mutations occur spontaneously in somatic tissues during fetal development or after birth. Glands are the most "permissive" tissues, recently found to include the entire gastrointestinal tract. High frequency of activating Gαs mutations is associated with precise diagnoses (e.g., IPMN, Pyloric gland adenoma, pituitary toxic adenoma). Typically, most neoplastic lesions, from thyroid to pancreas, remain well differentiated but may be a precursor to aggressive cancer. CONCLUSIONS Here we propose the possibility that gain-of-function mutations of Gαs interfere with signals in the microenvironment of permissive tissues and lead to a transversal neoplastic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Innamorati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Thomas M. Wilkie
- Pharmacology Department, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | | | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Giacomello
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Parenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Laboratory of Oncology and Molecular Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Bassi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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18
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miR-1275 controls granulosa cell apoptosis and estradiol synthesis by impairing LRH-1/CYP19A1 axis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:246-257. [PMID: 29378329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
miR-1275 is one of the microRNAs (miRNAs) that are differentially expressed during follicular atresia in pig ovaries, as identified by a miRNA microarray assay in our previous study [1]. However, its functions in follicular atresia remain unknown. In this study, we showed that miR-1275 promotes early apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells (pGCs) and the initiation of follicular atresia, and inhibits E2 release and expression of CYP19A1, the key gene in E2 production. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays revealed that liver receptor homolog (LRH)-1, not CYP19A1, is a direct functional target of miR-1275. In vitro overexpression and knockdown experiments showed that LRH-1 significantly repressed apoptosis and induced E2 secretion and CYP19A1 expression in pGCs. LRH-1, whose expression was regulated by miR-1275, prevented apoptosis in pGCs. Furthermore, luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that LRH-1 protein bound to the CYP19A1 promoter and increased its activity. Our findings suggest that miR-1275 attenuates LRH-1 expression by directly binding to its 3'UTR. This prevents the interaction of LRH-1 protein with the CYP19A1 promoter, represses E2 synthesis, promotes pGC apoptosis, and initiates follicular atresia in porcine ovaries.
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19
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Diethylstilbestrol administration inhibits theca cell androgen and granulosa cell estrogen production in immature rat ovary. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8374. [PMID: 28827713 PMCID: PMC5567288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a strong estrogenic compound, is well-known to affect the reproductive system. In this study, we investigated the effects of DES administration on gonadotropin levels and ovarian steroidogenesis in prepubertal rats. DES treatment acutely reduced serum LH levels, followed by a reduction in the expression of various steroidogenesis-related genes in theca cells. Serum FSH levels were almost unaffected by DES-treatment, even though Cyp19a1 expression was markedly reduced. Serum progesterone, testosterone and estradiol levels were also declined at this time. LH levels recovered from 12 h after DES-treatment and gradually increased until 96 h with a reduction of ERα expression observed in the pituitary. Steroidogenesis-related genes were also up-regulated during this time, except for Cyp17a1 and Cyp19a1. Consistent with observed gene expression pattern, serum testosterone and estradiol concentrations were maintained at lower levels, even though progesterone levels recovered. DES-treatment induced the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in granulosa cells, and a nitric oxide generator markedly repressed Cyp19a1 expression in cultured granulosa cells. These results indicate that DES inhibits thecal androgen production via suppression of pituitary LH secretion and ovarian Cyp17a1 expression. In addition, DES represses Cyp19a1 expression by inducing iNOS gene expression for continuous inhibition of estrogen production in granulosa cells.
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20
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Ubiquitination of nuclear receptors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:917-934. [PMID: 28473472 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are cellular proteins, which upon ligand activation, act to exert regulatory control over transcription and subsequent expression. Organized via systemic classification into seven subfamilies, NRs partake in modulating a vast expanse of physiological functions essential for maintenance of life. NRs display particular characteristics towards ubiquitination, the process of addition of specific ubiquitin tags at appropriate locations. Orchestrated through groups of enzymes harboring a diverse array of specialized structural components, the ubiquitination process emphatically alters the fate or downstream effects of NRs. Such influence is especially prominent in transcriptional processes such as promoter clearing for optimization and degradation pathways eliminating or recycling targeted proteins. Ultimately, the ubiquitination of NRs carries significant implications in terms of generating pathological clinical manifestations. Increasing evidence from studies involving patients and disease models suggests a role for ubiquitinated NRs in virtually every organ system. This supports the broad repertoire of roles that NRs play in the body, including modulatory conductors, facilitators, responders to external agents, and critical constituents for pharmacological or biological interventions. This review aims to cover relevant background and mechanisms of NRs and ubiquitination, with a focus towards elucidating subsequent pathophysiology and therapeutics in clinical disorders encompassing such ubiquitinated NRs.
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21
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Wang J, Gong Y. Transcription of CYP19A1 is directly regulated by SF-1 in the theca cells of ovary follicles in chicken. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 247:1-7. [PMID: 28347743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have suggested the important role of estrogen in ovarian differentiation and development of vertebrates including chicken. Cytochrome P450 aromatase, encoded by CYP19A1, is a key enzyme in estrogen synthesis, but the mechanism of CYP19A1 regulation in chicken remains unknown. Here, we found that CYP19A1 was only expressed in the theca cell layers of chicken ovary follicles. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1, also named as nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1, NR5A1), a potential regulators, was expressed in both the theca cell layers and granulosa cell layers. Forkheadbox L2 (FOXL2), another potential regulator, was only expressed in the granulosa cell layers. Using luciferase assays in vitro, we found that SF-1 could activate the promoter of CYP19A1 by binding to the nuclear receptor half-site (5'-TCAAGGTCA-3') from -280 to -271 base pairs. FOXL2 did not activate the promoter of chicken CYP19A1 gene in either 293T or DF-1 cells. Overexpression of SF-1 in DF-1 cells upregulated aromatase expression, but FOXL2 could not. Taken together, our results indicated that SF-1 activates CYP19A1 mRNA expression via a conserved binding site in chicken ovary, but FOXL2 may not affect the expression of CYP19A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Adipocyte Metabolic Pathways Regulated by Diet Control the Female Germline Stem Cell Lineage in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2017; 206:953-971. [PMID: 28396508 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.201921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients affect adult stem cells through complex mechanisms involving multiple organs. Adipocytes are highly sensitive to diet and have key metabolic roles, and obesity increases the risk for many cancers. How diet-regulated adipocyte metabolic pathways influence normal stem cell lineages, however, remains unclear. Drosophila melanogaster has highly conserved adipocyte metabolism and a well-characterized female germline stem cell (GSC) lineage response to diet. Here, we conducted an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis to identify diet-regulated adipocyte metabolic pathways that control the female GSC lineage. On a rich (relative to poor) diet, adipocyte Hexokinase-C and metabolic enzymes involved in pyruvate/acetyl-CoA production are upregulated, promoting a shift of glucose metabolism toward macromolecule biosynthesis. Adipocyte-specific knockdown shows that these enzymes support early GSC progeny survival. Further, enzymes catalyzing fatty acid oxidation and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in adipocytes promote GSC maintenance, whereas lipid and iron transport from adipocytes controls vitellogenesis and GSC number, respectively. These results show a functional relationship between specific metabolic pathways in adipocytes and distinct processes in the GSC lineage, suggesting the adipocyte metabolism-stem cell link as an important area of investigation in other stem cell systems.
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23
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Yang Q, Ma B, Qiao H, Ma H, Dong Y, Cao L, Ma J, Li Z. TGFB1 represses the expression of SF1 and LRH1 to inhibit E 2 production in rat LCs. Reproduction 2017; 153:621-629. [PMID: 28250236 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leydig cells (LCs) in the adult testis have been identified as the major sites of oestrogen production, which is crucial for mammalian germ cell differentiation. Our previous work showed that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) inhibits estradiol (E2) secretion via down-regulating Cyp19 gene expression in mature rat LCs. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, the effects of TGFB1 on the expression levels of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH1), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) were evaluated both in primary cultured LCs and in rat testis. The involvement of TGFB1 signalling in the regulation of SF1 and LRH1 expression was then validated by applying the inhibitor of the TGFB type 1 receptor (TGFBR1) SB431542. Moreover, the expression of CYP19 in testicular LCs was investigated and the production of E2 in testicular interstitial fluid (TIF) was measured. The results showed that TGFB1 especially down-regulated the expression levels of SF1 and LRH1 both in primary cultured LCs and in rat testis. The down-regulations of TGFB1 in the production of E2 in TIF and the expression of CYP19 in testicular LCs were also observed in vivo These inhibitory effects could be reversed by TGFBR1 inhibitor SB431542. Our findings suggest that TGFB1 may act through the canonical signalling pathway involving ALK5 to restrain SF1 and LRH1 accumulation and eventually attenuate Cyp19 transcription and oestrogen production in LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyThe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineXijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Binfang Ma
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyThe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilian Qiao
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyThe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - He Ma
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyThe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Dong
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyThe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineXijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineXijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyThe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Yazawa T, Imamichi Y, Miyamoto K, Khan MRI, Uwada J, Umezawa A, Taniguchi T. Induction of steroidogenic cells from adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells [Review]. Endocr J 2016; 63:943-951. [PMID: 27681884 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones are mainly produced in adrenal glands and gonads. Because steroid hormones play vital roles in various physiological processes, replacement of deficient steroid hormones by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is necessary for patients with adrenal and gonadal failure. In addition to HRT, tissue regeneration using stem cells is predicted to provide novel therapy. Among various stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into steroidogenic cells following ectopic expression of nuclear receptor (NR) 5A subfamily proteins, steroidogenic factor-1 (also known as adrenal 4 binding protein) and liver receptor homolog-1, with the aid of cAMP signaling. Conversely, these approaches cannot be applied to pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, because of poor survival following cytotoxic expression of NR5A subfamily proteins. However, if pluripotent stem cells are first differentiated through mesenchymal lineage, they can also be differentiated into steroidogenic cells via NR5A subfamily protein expression. This approach offers a potential suitable cells for future regenerative medicine and gene therapy for diseases caused by steroidogenesis deficiencies. It represents a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in steroidogenesis. This article highlights our own and current research on the induction of steroidogenic cells from various stem cells. We also discuss the future direction of their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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Imamichi Y, Yuhki KI, Orisaka M, Kitano T, Mukai K, Ushikubi F, Taniguchi T, Umezawa A, Miyamoto K, Yazawa T. 11-Ketotestosterone Is a Major Androgen Produced in Human Gonads. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3582-3591. [PMID: 27428878 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) is a novel class of active androgen. However, the detail of its synthesis remains unknown for humans. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to clarify the production and properties of 11-KT in human. Design, Participants, and Methods: Expression of cytochrome P450 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 (key enzymes involved in the synthesis of 11-KT) were investigated in human gonads. The production of 11-KT was investigated in Leydig cells. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and 11-KT were measured in 10 women and 10 men of reproductive age. Investigation of its properties was performed using breast cancer-derived MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Cytochrome P450 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 were detected in Leydig cells and theca cells. Leydig cells produced 11-KT, and relatively high levels of plasma 11-KT were measured in both men and women. There was no sexual dimorphism in the plasma levels of 11-KT, even though testosterone levels were more than 20 times higher in men than in women. It is noteworthy that the levels of testosterone and 11-KT were similar in women. In a luciferase reporter system, 11-KT activated human androgen receptor-mediated transactivation. Conversely, 11-KT did not activate estrogen receptor-mediated transactivation in aromatase-expressed MCF-7 cells, whereas testosterone did following conversion to estrogen. 11-KT did not affect the estrogen/estrogen receptor -mediated cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, it significantly inhibited cell proliferation when androgen receptor was transfected into MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicates that 11-KT is produced in the gonads and represents a major androgen in human. It can potentially serve as a nonaromatizable androgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Yuhki
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Makoto Orisaka
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Mukai
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ushikubi
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kaoru Miyamoto
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Murugananthkumar R, Senthilkumaran B. Expression analysis and localization of wt1, ad4bp/sf-1 and gata4 in the testis of catfish, Clarias batrachus: Impact of wt1-esiRNA silencing. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 431:164-76. [PMID: 27173028 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In teleosts, a comprehensive role or interaction of wt1, ad4bp/sf-1 and gata4 genes in relation to gonadal development and/or recrudescence was never attempted. Present study aimed to identify the involvement of these genes during testicular development of catfish, Clarias batrachus. Dominant expression of wt1 and gata4 was observed in developing and adult testis, while ad4bp/sf-1 showed steady expression. Localization of these genes in adult testis revealed their presence in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and interstitial/Leydig cells. Significant high expression during pre-spawning and spawning phases, and upregulated levels of these genes after hCG induction authenticated gonadotropic regulation. Transient silencing of wt1-esiRNA displayed decrease in wt1 expression, which further downregulated the expression of ad4bp/sf-1 and gata4, and certain steroidogenic enzyme genes related to androgen production. These results suggest that wt1 might target ad4bp/sf-1 and gata4 expression, and also have regulatory influence either indirectly or directly on the steroidogenic enzyme genes of catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Murugananthkumar
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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