Ciclos de trabajo-confinamiento para reducir la transmisión de Covid-19: evidencia y recomendaciones en el contexto de México

Factores socioeconómicos asociados por nivel de inseguridad alimentaria en adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus durante la pandemia de la COVID-19

OBJETIVOS

estimar la prevalencia de la inseguridad alimentaria e identificar los factores socioeconómicos asociados en adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19.

MÉTODOS

estudio transversal, análisis secundario de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre la COVID-19. Se estudió a 1 232 individuos que representan a 9 569 330 adultos con diabetes mellitus. La inseguridad alimentaria se midió utilizando la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria adaptada para México. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logístico binario para cada nivel de inseguridad alimentaria. Se calcularon razón de momios e intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Un valor de p < 0.05 fue estadísticamente significativo.

RESULTADOS

el 64.8 % presentó inseguridad alimentaria: 40.7 % leve, 14.2 % moderada y 9.9 % severa. Los factores asociados a inseguridad alimentaria leve fueron: nivel socioeconómico muy bajo (RM 2.6), pérdida del empleo de algún miembro del hogar (RM 2.0) y reducción de gastos en alimentación (RM 5.0); para inseguridad moderada la RM fue de 7.7, 3.4 y 18.6 y en severa la RM 7.1, 3.0 y 46.7, respectivamente.

CONCLUSIONES

la COVID-19 ha tenido efectos inmediatos en la inseguridad alimentaria de la población de adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus. Identificar los factores socioeconómicos asociados es prioritario para llevar a cabo políticas públicas que permitan redirigir los recursos y cubrir necesidades básicas como la alimentación.

Nationally representative SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence estimates after the first epidemic wave in Mexico

Seroprevalence surveys provide estimates of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population, regardless of disease severity and test availability. In Mexico in 2020, COVID-19 cases reached a maximum in July and December. We aimed to estimate the national and regional seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across demographic and socioeconomic groups in Mexico after the first wave, from August to November 2020. We used nationally representative survey data including 9,640 blood samples. Seroprevalence was estimated by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, adjusting by the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay test. The national seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.9% (95%CI 22.2, 26.7), being lower for adults 60 years and older. We found higher seroprevalence among urban and metropolitan areas, low socioeconomic status, low education and workers. Among seropositive people, 67.3% were asymptomatic. Social distancing, lockdown measures and vaccination programs need to consider that vulnerable groups are more exposed to the virus and unable to comply with lockdown measures.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys provide estimates of the extent of prior infection in a population. In this nationally representative survey from Mexico, the authors estimate seroprevalence after the first epidemic wave at ~25%, with variation by region, age, socioeconomic status, and education level.

Nationally representative SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence estimates after the first epidemic wave in Mexico

Seroprevalence surveys provide estimates of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population, regardless of disease severity and test availability. In Mexico in 2020, COVID-19 cases reached a maximum in July and December. We aimed to estimate the national and regional seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across demographic and socioeconomic groups in Mexico after the first wave, from August to November 2020. We used nationally representative survey data including 9,640 blood samples. Seroprevalence was estimated by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, adjusting by the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay test. The national seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.9% (95%CI 22.2, 26.7), being lower for adults 60 years and older. We found higher seroprevalence among urban and metropolitan areas, low socioeconomic status, low education and workers. Among seropositive people, 67.3% were asymptomatic. Social distancing, lockdown measures and vaccination programs need to consider that vulnerable groups are more exposed to the virus and unable to comply with lockdown measures.