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Silva ASJ, Kristiansen SM, Sengupta S, van Gestel CAM, Leinaas HP, Borgå K. Using dietary exposure to determine sub-lethal effects from imidacloprid in two springtail (Collembola) species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1209-1220. [PMID: 37989986 PMCID: PMC10724306 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Standard toxicity tests expose springtails (Collembola) through soil, while dietary exposure tests with animals visible on a surface are less commonly applied. We refined a method for dietary chemical exposure for two widely distributed and abundant Collembola species: Folsomia quadrioculata and Hypogastrura viatica as existing methods were sub-optimal. Newly hatched Collembola were offered bark with a natural layer of Cyanobacteria that was either moistened with a solution of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid using a micropipette or soaked in the solution overnight. The first method was superior in producing a measured concentration close to the nominal (0.21 and 0.13 mg/kg dry bark, respectively), and resulting in sub-lethal effects as expected. The adult body size was reduced by 8% for both species, but egg production only in H. viatica. Contrastingly, soaked bark resulted in a measured concentration of 8 mg/kg dry bark, causing high mortality and no egg production in either species. Next, we identified the sub-lethal concentration-range by moistening the bark to expose H. viatica to 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.13, 0.43 and 1.2 mg imidacloprid/kg dry bark. Only the highest concentration affected survival, causing a mortality of 77%. Imidacloprid reduced moulting rate and the body size at first reproduction. The age at first reproduction appeared delayed as some replicates did not reproduce within the experiment duration. The method of moistened bark for dietary exposure proved optimal to continuously study life history traits, such as growth and reproductive outcomes, which are important to understand effects on key events crucial for population viability and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Sofia Jorge Silva
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silje Marie Kristiansen
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sagnik Sengupta
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Petter Leinaas
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Fernandes G, Aparicio VC, De Gerónimo E, Prestes OD, Zanella R, Ebling E, Parisi PB, Mollmann VHDS, Reichert JM, Rheinheimer Dos Santos D. Epilithic biofilms as a discriminating matrix for long-term and growing season pesticide contamination in the aquatic environment: Emphasis on glyphosate and metabolite AMPA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:166315. [PMID: 37604376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides represents high ecological risk in aquatic systems. Recently, the inclusion of epilithic biofilms as a reactive matrix has shown potential in diagnosing the health of water resources. The objective of this study was to use multiple matrices (water, suspended sediments, and biofilms) to discriminate contamination degrees in catchments with long and recent history of intensive pesticide use and to monitor growing season pesticides transfer to watercourses. Two catchments were monitored: one representative of "modern agriculture" in a subtropical environment, and another representative of recent agricultural expansion over the Pampa Biome in subtropical Brazil. Glyphosate and AMPA were accumulated in the biofilms and were detected at all sites and at all monitoring times, in concentrations ranging from 195 to 7673 μg kg-1 and from 225 to 4180 μg kg-1, respectively. Similarly, the fungicide tebuconazole has always been found in biofilms. The biofilms made it possible to discriminate the long-term history of pesticide use in the catchments and even to identify the influx pulses of pesticides immediately after their application to crops, which was not possible with active water sampling and even with suspended sediment monitoring. It is strongly recommended that, in regions with intensive cultivation of soybeans and other genetically modified crops, the presence of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA be permanently monitored, a practice still very scarce in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracieli Fernandes
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Virginia Carolina Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA EEA Balcarce, Ruta Nacional 226, Km 73,5, Balcarce CP 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo De Gerónimo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA EEA Balcarce, Ruta Nacional 226, Km 73,5, Balcarce CP 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ederson Ebling
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Bolzan Parisi
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Dos Santos Mollmann
- Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - José Miguel Reichert
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Danilo Rheinheimer Dos Santos
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Foreign Visiting Professors at University of Limoges, (2022-2023) France
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Thompson CM, Sweeney MR, Popescu VD. Carryover effects of pesticide exposure and pond drying on performance, behavior, and sex ratios in a pool breeding amphibian. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens OH USA
| | - M. R. Sweeney
- Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens OH USA
| | - V. D. Popescu
- Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens OH USA
- Center for Environmental Research University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania
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Huslystyi A, Nedzvetsky V, Yermolenko S, Gasso V, Petrushevskyi V, Sukharenko E. Low Doses of Imidacloprid Induce Oxidative Stress and Neural Cell Disruption in Earthworm <i>Eisenia fetida</i>. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.84.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a widely used pesticide that belongs to the class of neonicotinoids. There is a piece of rising evidence that neonicotinoids exert cytotoxic effects in non-target organisms including vertebrate species such as mammals. Nevertheless, dose-limiting toxicity and molecular mechanisms of neonicotinoids' deleterious effects are still poorly understood. In accord to imidacloprid fate in the environment, the most of used pesticide is absorbed in the soil. Therefore, earthworms, which are prevailing soil organisms, could be considered as a target of neonicotinoids toxicity. The earthworm’s simple nervous system is a prospective model for neurotoxicological studies. We exposed earthworms to imidacloprid in a paper contact test with a doses range of 0.1‑0.4 µg/cm2 for 14 days. In the present work, we studied the imidacloprid effect on oxidative stress generation and neuronal marker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) expression. The exposure to imidacloprid induced a dose-dependent decrease in NSE. Both reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation level were upregulated as well. Observed NSE decline suggests imidacloprid-caused disturbance in earthworm neuron cells. Obtained data have shown that relatively low doses of imidacloprid are potent to induce cytotoxicity in neurons. Furthermore, neurotoxicity could be recognized as one of an individual scenario of the general imidacloprid toxicity. Thus, presented results suggest the cytotoxicity of imidacloprid low doses in non-target organisms and hypothesize that NSE downregulation could be estimated as a biomarker of neonicotinoid cytotoxicity in a nervous system of non-insect species.
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Huslystyi A, Nedzvetsky V, Yermolenko S, Gasso V, Petrushevskyi V, Sukharenko E. Low Doses of Imidacloprid Induce Oxidative Stress and Neural Cell Disruption in Earthworm <i>Eisenia fetida</i>. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56431/p-af973e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a widely used pesticide that belongs to the class of neonicotinoids. There is a piece of rising evidence that neonicotinoids exert cytotoxic effects in non-target organisms including vertebrate species such as mammals. Nevertheless, dose-limiting toxicity and molecular mechanisms of neonicotinoids' deleterious effects are still poorly understood. In accord to imidacloprid fate in the environment, the most of used pesticide is absorbed in the soil. Therefore, earthworms, which are prevailing soil organisms, could be considered as a target of neonicotinoids toxicity. The earthworm’s simple nervous system is a prospective model for neurotoxicological studies. We exposed earthworms to imidacloprid in a paper contact test with a doses range of 0.1‑0.4 µg/cm2 for 14 days. In the present work, we studied the imidacloprid effect on oxidative stress generation and neuronal marker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) expression. The exposure to imidacloprid induced a dose-dependent decrease in NSE. Both reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation level were upregulated as well. Observed NSE decline suggests imidacloprid-caused disturbance in earthworm neuron cells. Obtained data have shown that relatively low doses of imidacloprid are potent to induce cytotoxicity in neurons. Furthermore, neurotoxicity could be recognized as one of an individual scenario of the general imidacloprid toxicity. Thus, presented results suggest the cytotoxicity of imidacloprid low doses in non-target organisms and hypothesize that NSE downregulation could be estimated as a biomarker of neonicotinoid cytotoxicity in a nervous system of non-insect species.
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Fortuin CC, Gandhi KJK. Mason Bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Exhibit No Avoidance of Imidacloprid-Treated Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:1438-1445. [PMID: 34415023 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
1) Many wild bee species interact with soil either as a nesting substrate or material. These soil interactions create a risk of exposure to agrochemicals such as imidacloprid or other neonicotinoid pesticides that can persist in soil for months after application. At the landscape level, concentrations of imidacloprid residue in soil are limited to the immediate treatment area, and thus risks to soil-interacting bees could be low if they avoid contaminated soils. 2) We utilized Osmia lignaria (Say), a solitary cavity nesting bee which collects mud to partition and seal nests, and conducted two laboratory experiments to test whether nesting females select or avoid soils containing various levels of imidacloprid residue. For the first experiment, we assessed behavioral responses of females to treated soil utilizing a choice arena and pairing various choices of soil with imidacloprid residues ranging between 0 and 780 ppb. For the second experiment, we developed a laboratory assay to assess soil selection of actively nesting O. lignaria, by providing choices of contaminated soil between 0 and 100 ppb and 0 and 1,000 ppb to nesting females. 3) We found no evidence that O. lignaria females avoided any level of imidacloprid contamination, even at the highest residue level (1,000 ppb) in both the experiments, which may have implications for risk. The in situ nesting methodology developed in this study has future applications for research on soil or pollen preferences of cavity nesting Osmia species, and potential for breeding of O. lignaria in laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamal J K Gandhi
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Pearsons KA, Lower SE, Tooker JF. Toxicity of clothianidin to common Eastern North American fireflies. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12495. [PMID: 34820205 PMCID: PMC8607931 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research suggests that fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are susceptible to commonly used insecticides. In the United States, there has been a rapid and widespread adoption of neonicotinoid insecticides, predominantly used as seed coatings on large-acreage crops like corn, soy, and cotton. Neonicotinoid insecticides are persistent in soil yet mobile in water, so they have potential to contaminate firefly habitats both in and adjacent to application sites. As a result, fireflies may be at high risk of exposure to neonicotinoids, possibly jeopardizing this already at-risk group of charismatic insects. Methods To assess the sensitivity of fireflies to neonicotinoids, we exposed larvae of Photuris versicolor complex and Photinus pyralis to multiple levels of clothianidin-treated soil and monitored feeding behavior, protective soil chamber formation, intoxication, and mortality. Results Pt. versicolor and Pn. pyralis larvae exhibited long-term intoxication and mortality at concentrations above 1,000 ng g-1 soil (1 ppm). Under sub-lethal clothianidin exposure, firefly larvae fed less and spent less time in protective soil chambers, two behavioral changes that could decrease larval survival in the wild. Discussion Both firefly species demonstrated sub-lethal responses in the lab to clothianidin exposure at field-realistic concentrations, although Pt. versicolor and Pn. pyralis appeared to tolerate higher clothianidin exposure relative to other soil invertebrates and beetle species. While these two firefly species, which are relatively widespread in North America, appear somewhat tolerant of neonicotinoid exposure in a laboratory setting, further work is needed to extend this conclusion to wild populations, especially in rare or declining taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Ann Pearsons
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Lower
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States of America
| | - John F Tooker
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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Cassidy VC, McCarty EP, Asaro C. Limited Scope Risk Assessment for Nontarget Ground-Dwelling Arthropods From Systemic Insecticide Applications to Young Pines. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:359-366. [PMID: 33313757 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM) [Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock)], a native regeneration pest on young loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.), negatively impacts pine growth. An emerging management approach is to apply systemic insecticides to seedlings to reduce NPTM damage. These systemic insecticide applications generally occur once, perhaps twice, during the first few years of loblolly pine growth. However, these applications could lead to unintended environmental consequences to nontarget organisms. The purpose of this study was to assess potential nontarget effects from four systemic insecticide applications by assessing ground-dwelling arthropod trap catch, with a focus on collembolan trap catch and genera richness. Loblolly seedlings (24 seedlings per plot) at three sites in southeast Georgia were treated with either chlorantraniliprole, dinotefuran, fipronil, or imidacloprid or left untreated as a control. Arthropods were collected with pitfall traps that were deployed for 5 d in July, August, and September 2019, 7-9 mo after treatment. Ground-dwelling arthropod trap catch, arthropod order trap catch, collembolan trap catch, and collembolan genera richness did not vary among insecticide treatments and the untreated control in this mid-term insecticide risk assessment. While no significant effects of insecticide treatment were observed, ground-dwelling arthropod trap catch, collembolan trap catch, and collembolan genera richness differed among collection times. This study was the first of its kind in a young pine stand setting and is an important first step to understanding risk in these settings. Information on nontarget risks of management practices informs growers of the level of environmental risk associated with systemic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Cassidy
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - E P McCarty
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - C Asaro
- Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, NW, Suite, Atlanta, GA
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Fortuin CC, McCarty E, Gandhi KJ. Acute contact with imidacloprid in soil affects the nesting and survival success of a solitary wild bee, Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128572. [PMID: 33065319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We assessed impacts of direct acute contact with imidacloprid-treated soil on nesting behavior and mortality of the blue orchard mason bee (Osmia lignaria Say), which is a native solitary cavity-nesting species that collects mud for nest partitions. Laboratory-reared O. lignaria females were exposed to three concentrations of imidacloprid (0, 50, 390 and 780 ppb), in wet (30% moisture) soil for 20 min and released in large flight cages, where impacts on nesting activity and nest cell production were evaluated. Mortality was tested in another experiment using exposure at the same concentrations with two differing soil moisture levels (20% and 40%). Nesting activity was reduced by 42% for females exposed at 390 ppb and by 66% for females exposed at 780 ppb. Females treated at 780 ppb produced 40% fewer nest cells per day. Sex ratios of F1 generation were skewed toward male in the 50 ppb treatment group with 50% fewer females. The number of cells and pre-pupae per nest, as well as the weight of pre-pupal cocoons did not vary among exposure levels. There were no mortality effects at 20% soil moisture for any level of imidacloprid, but at 40%, mortality of females was >50% at all levels of imidacloprid. These results suggest that acute exposure to imidacloprid residue in soil can have negative impacts on soil-interacting bees, and the effects may be relative to the degree of soil moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cairns Fortuin
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Elizabeth McCarty
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kamal Jk Gandhi
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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10
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Braúlio Hennig T, Ogliari Bandeira F, Dalpasquale AJ, Cardoso EJBN, Baretta D, Lopes Alves PR. Toxicity of imidacloprid to collembolans in two tropical soils under different soil moisture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:1491-1501. [PMID: 33459410 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shifts in precipitation regimes due to the predicted climate changes can alter the water content in tropical soils and, consequently, may influence the toxicity of pesticides to soil fauna. This study assessed the influence of soil moisture content on the toxicity of the insecticide imidacloprid to the collembolans Folsomia candida in two tropical soils and evaluated the risk of this active ingredient for this species in the soils tested through the toxicity exposure ratio approach. Acute and chronic toxicity tests with F. candida were performed using an Entisol and an Oxisol. The soils were spiked with increasing imidacloprid concentrations while simulating normal water availability (60% of the water holding capacity [WHC]) and water restriction (30 or 45% WHC) for the tests. In the Oxisol, the reduction of soil moisture content significantly increased the toxic effects of imidacloprid on F. candida's survival (LC50 at 45% WHC = 23.8 vs. LC50 at 60% WHC >64 mg kg-1) and reproduction (effective concentration causing reductions in species reproduction of 50% [EC50] at 45% WHC = 0.32 vs. EC50 at 60% WHC = 2.83 mg kg-1), but in the Entisol no clear influence of the soil moisture on the toxicity of imidacloprid for collembolans was found. A significant risk for F. candida was observed in the Oxisol only when in water restriction, whereas in the Entisol it occurred regardless of soil moisture, suggesting that the imidacloprid hazard and risk for F. candida may be increased if soil moisture decreases due to climate changes, depending on the soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State Univ., Ave. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
- Federal Univ. of Fronteira Sul, Ave. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State Univ., Ave. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dilmar Baretta
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State Univ., Ave. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Santa Catarina State Univ., Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
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P McCarty E, Addesso K. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Management in Forest, Landscape, and Nursery Production. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5480110. [PMID: 31222326 PMCID: PMC6483940 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), has caused significant damage to both eastern [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière] and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Englemann) (Pinales: Pinaceae) since it was first reported in the eastern United States. This adelgid is particularly damaging to these hemlock species due to a lack of co-evolved plant defenses and natural enemies able to suppress hemlock woolly adelgid populations. Management of hemlock woolly adelgid relies heavily on insecticides to prevent death of vulnerable trees. Biological control programs have released natural enemies of hemlock woolly adelgid to aid in control at the landscape level. Quarantine restrictions on hemlock are in place in some regions of the United States and Canada. These quarantines impact sales and shipment of hemlock trees from nurseries as well as other hemlock products. A review of insect biology, description of life stages, damage, management options, and quarantine restrictions for hemlock woolly adelgid is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P McCarty
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Karla M Addesso
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
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Main AR, Webb EB, Goyne KW, Mengel D. Neonicotinoid insecticides negatively affect performance measures of non-target terrestrial arthropods: a meta-analysis. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1232-1244. [PMID: 29603486 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are currently the fastest-growing and most widely used insecticide class worldwide. Valued for their versatility in application, these insecticides may cause deleterious effects in a range of non-target (beneficial) arthropods. However, it remains unclear whether strong patterns exist in terms of their major effects, if broad measures of arthropod performance are negatively affected, or whether different functional groups are equally vulnerable. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 372 observations from 44 field and laboratory studies that describe neonicotinoid effects on 14 arthropod orders across five broad performance measures: abundance, behavior, condition, reproductive success, and survival. Across studies, neonicotinoids negatively affected all performance metrics evaluated; however, magnitude of the effects varied. Arthropod behavior and survival were the most negatively affected and abundance was the least negatively affected. Effects on arthropod functional groups were inconsistent. Pollinator condition, reproductive success, and survival were significantly lower in neonicotinoid treatments compared to untreated controls; whereas, neonicotinoid effects on detritivores were not significant. Although magnitude of arthropod response to neonicotinoids varied among performance measures and functional groups, we documented a consistent negative relationship between exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides in published studies and beneficial arthropod performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson R Main
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Elisabeth B Webb
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Keith W Goyne
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Doreen Mengel
- Resource Science Division, Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
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Wiggins G, Benton E, Grant J, Kerr M, Lambdin P. Short-term Detection of Imidacloprid in Streams after Applications in Forests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:571-578. [PMID: 29864175 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.11.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is a major component of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) [ (Annand)] management programs that are critical to protecting forest health in the eastern United States. However, the impact of imidacloprid soil applications in forests on some aquatic macroinvertebrate species by leaching into aquatic systems is uncertain. The time for residues from imidacloprid soil applications to migrate from treated hemlocks to nearby streams and the concentrations at which imidacloprid may occur after initial migration is unknown. The presence and concentration of imidacloprid in three streams adjacent to recently treated hemlock (soil drench >10 m from stream channels) were assessed in the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area. Two standard water grabs were collected monthly for 1 yr from a location downstream from imidacloprid-treated areas. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (limit of detection = 0.025 μg L). Imidacloprid was detected in all treatment streams during a single rain event that occurred 184 to 196 d after treatments, and concentrations ranged from 0.053 to 0.833 μg L. Imidacloprid was not detected on any other sampling date from treatment streams. All observed positive detections exceeded the USEPA freshwater invertebrate chronic endpoint (0.01 μg L). One stream sample exceeded the USEPA freshwater invertebrate acute endpoint (0.39 μg L). However, previous macroinvertebrate community assessments in streams with similar concentrations did not indicate negative effects to aquatic fauna. These findings help characterize the risk of imidacloprid treatments to stream macroinvertebrates within 1 yr of soil applications.
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Letheren A, Hill S, Salie J, Parkman J, Chen J. A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040438. [PMID: 28422072 PMCID: PMC5409639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand, HWA) remains the single greatest threat to the health and sustainability of hemlock in the eastern USA. The loss of hemlock trees leads to further negative impacts on the diversity and stability of ecosystems in the eastern part of North America. It is, therefore, urgent to develop effective control measures to reduce HWA populations and promote overall hemlock health. Currently available individual and integrated approaches should continue to be evaluated in the laboratory and in the field along with the development of other new and innovative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Letheren
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Stephanie Hill
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Jeanmarie Salie
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - James Parkman
- Lindsay Young Beneficial Insects Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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J Okereke C. Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination for Population via Consumption of Selected Vegetables and Tubers Grown in Farmlands in Rivers State, South-South Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2016.03.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Pisa LW, Amaral-Rogers V, Belzunces LP, Bonmatin JM, Downs CA, Goulson D, Kreutzweiser DP, Krupke C, Liess M, McField M, Morrissey CA, Noome DA, Settele J, Simon-Delso N, Stark JD, Van der Sluijs JP, Van Dyck H, Wiemers M. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:68-102. [PMID: 25223353 PMCID: PMC4284392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section "other invertebrates" review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. There is a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Pisa
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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De Gerónimo E, Aparicio VC, Bárbaro S, Portocarrero R, Jaime S, Costa JL. Presence of pesticides in surface water from four sub-basins in Argentina. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:423-431. [PMID: 24548646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Argentina has 31 million hectares given over to agriculture comprising 2.2% of the world's total area under cultivation (Stock Exchange of Rosario, Argentina). Despite the intensity of this agricultural activity, data on pesticide pollution in surface water are rather scarce. In this sense, the aim of this work is to determine the presence of pesticides in surface water of four agricultural sub-basins of Argentine. An environmental monitoring was carried out to determine the impact of twenty-nine pesticides used in agricultural activities on the surface water quality of agricultural areas within the San Vicente, Azul, Buenos Aires southeast and Mista stream sub-basins. The samples were analyzed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using OASIS HLB 60 mg cartridges and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MSMS) that provided good analytical quality parameters. The southeast of Buenos Aires was the site with the highest frequency of pesticides detection, followed by Azul and San Vicente microbasins. The most detected pesticides, considering all surface water samples, were atrazine, tebuconazole and diethyltoluamide with maximum concentration levels of 1.4, 0.035, and 0.701 μg L(-1), respectively. The results obtained for all basins studied show the presence of residual pesticides in surface waters according the different agricultural activities developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo De Gerónimo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Route 226 Km 73,5, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Virginia C Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Route 226 Km 73,5, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Bárbaro
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Rocío Portocarrero
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Jaime
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agencia de Extensión Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José L Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Route 226 Km 73,5, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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