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Subedi K, Sigdel B, Khanal PP, Sharma D, Chaudhary G, Singh AK, Paneru S. Dental caries, tobacco usage and associated risk factor of dental caries in patients visiting a government hospital in Western, Nepal. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:219. [PMID: 38342887 PMCID: PMC10859024 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries, tobacco usage, and associated risk factors for dental caries in patients who visited a government hospital in Western, Nepal. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022. Patients above 18 years visiting the dental OPD of a government hospital, and who had provided informed consent were enrolled in the study using a convenience sampling technique. As the study also involved an illiterate population, in that case, informed consent was obtained from their respective legal guardian as well. A pretested standardized, close-ended questionnaire was administered by researchers to gather information regarding the associated risk factors and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination was done for dental caries according to the criteria by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the "DMFT" index (WHO modification 1987). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done and the odds ratio and p-value was calculated. For all tests, statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 219 participants completed the study with a mean age of 31.73 ± 12.46. The prevalence of dental caries and tobacco was found to be 80.36% and 5.02% respectively. Participants without health insurance had 2.35 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.03-5.36). Not rinsing the mouth after eating sweets was associated with 3.07 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.31-7.18). Those who hadn't visited a dentist in the past 12 months had lower odds (0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-0.94). Eating fresh fruit daily showed statistically higher odds (2.70; 95% CI: 1.04-6.99) of dental caries. Non-tobacco users had higher odds (14.19; 2.55-78.99) of dental caries. CONCLUSION Dental caries is highly prevalent, while tobacco usage is relatively low. Factors associated with dental caries included lack of health insurance coverage, consumption of fruits once daily, recent dental visits within the past year, not rinsing the mouth with water after consuming sweets, and non-tobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Subedi
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Bhawana Sigdel
- Department of Dentistry, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Purna Prasad Khanal
- Orthodontic Unit, Dental Department, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Deepa Sharma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal
| | | | | | - Sunil Paneru
- Department of Dentistry, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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Mezzofranco L, Zalunardo F, Magliarditi A, Gracco A. Assessment of Oral Health in a Child Cohort of a Rural Zone of Ethiopia. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1824. [PMID: 38002914 PMCID: PMC10670308 DOI: 10.3390/children10111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Health conditions in a developing state such as Ethiopia are precarious; in addition to the extreme spread of infectious diseases such as AIDS, oral health is also affected by the scarce knowledge and possibility of treatment. This analysis considered 77 children aged 7 to 11 from a primary school in Guraghe in Ethiopia. The presence of plaque, calculus, and caries was evaluated. For each caries, the affected tooth and the site of onset were considered. Plaque was detected in 39% of the children, calculus in 22%, and dental caries in 48% of the patients. The cavities were found to be equally distributed between the two arches, with a prevalence of location in the deciduous teeth and in the occlusal area. The implementation of home oral hygiene education and the training of health professionals who successfully promote oral health is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mezzofranco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesca Zalunardo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.Z.); (A.G.)
| | | | - Antonio Gracco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.Z.); (A.G.)
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Arubaku W, Tusubira D, Ssedyabane F, Chamut S, Seymour BA, Siedner MJ, Niyonzima V, Nabbanja J, Kakongi N, Kwizera G, Maling S. Prevalence, correlates and treatment needs of dental caries in patients attending a diabetic clinic in rural southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:446. [PMID: 37403050 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a complex heterogeneous metabolic disorder known to lead to several pathogenic disorders, and has a bidirectional relationship with oral health conditions. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence, treatment needs and correlates of dental caries among adult patients attending a diabetic clinic in Uganda. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that used questionnaires to collect data on socio-demographic factors, diabetes history, oral health status, dental health care, dietary factors, lifestyle factors, and dental examination guided by the modified World Health Organization oral health questionnaire for adults. RESULTS We enrolled 239 participants, prevalence of dental caries was 71.6%, treatment need was nearly 100%, and mean DMFT was 3.82 (SD = 5.46). Dental caries experience was associated with being widowed. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of dental caries experience and large treatment need among our participants. We recommend integration of oral health care into routine diabetic services in rural sub Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Arubaku
- Department of Dental Surgery, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Deusdedit Tusubira
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Frank Ssedyabane
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Steffany Chamut
- Department of Oral Health Policy & Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard, USA
| | - Brittany Anne Seymour
- Department of Oral Health Policy & Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard, USA
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Vallence Niyonzima
- Department of Nursing, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Nathan Kakongi
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Kwizera
- Department of Dental Surgery, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Samuel Maling
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
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Sahile AT, Wondimu MT, Fikrie EM. Tooth brushing practice in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6418. [PMID: 37076554 PMCID: PMC10115787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral hygiene refers to taking care and maintaining the cleanness of gum and teeth; a good oral hygiene practice promotes better oral health in general. Oral hygiene is the top public health concern of the population. Tooth brushing is a technique to keep oral hygiene from related complications. Therefore, this study provides the pooled prevalence of tooth brushing practice in Ethiopia. Databases searched for articles systematically across PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinari, EMBASE, and African Journals Online. Two reviewers independently conducted the selection, screening, reviewing, and data extraction using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and used the Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal tools to assess the quality of evidence. All studies conducted in Ethiopia from 2010 to 2020, reporting tooth-brushing practices extracted for and imported into the Comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0 for further analysis. Beggs and Eggers's tests evaluated for publication bias with Higgins's method evaluated for heterogeneity. A random-effects meta-analysis model with a 95% confidence interval was computed to estimate the pooled effect size (prevalence). Furthermore, the authors employed subgroup analysis based on the study area and sample size. After reviewing 36, 10 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of tooth brushing practice was 12.2% (95% CI 7.6-19.2%). The review reported a lower level of tooth-brushing practice in Ethiopia. We recommended that special attention should be given to the oral hygiene of the Ethiopian people.
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Shiferaw A, Alem G, Tsehay M, Kibret GD. Dental caries and associated factors among diabetic and nondiabetic adult patients attending Bichena Primary Hospital’s Outpatient Department. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:938405. [DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.938405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeDental caries is a significant public health issue affecting both the diabetic and nondiabetic populations. However, the problem and associated factors of dental caries among diabetics and nondiabetics patients are not well-known in Ethiopia. This study aims to compare the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among diabetic and nondiabetic patients at the Outpatient Department of Bichena Primary Hospital in Northwest, Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional based, comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from October 7 to December 6, 2019, among 200 diabetes and 400 nondiabetic adult patients. A consecutive sampling technique was implemented to recruit study participants. Data were collected by a pretested structured questionnaire and analysis was performed in Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were employed and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared statistically significant.ResultsA total of 582 patients were involved in the study with a response rate of 97.0%. The prevalence of dental caries was 67.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 63.2%–72.8%] and 79.6% (95% CI: 74.0%–85.70%) in nondiabetic and diabetic group, respectively. Females gender [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.15–2.77], poor oral hygiene (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.71–5.11), lack of regular teeth cleaning habits (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.13–4.97), feeling dry mouth (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.11–4.81), sugared tea drinking (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.18–3.38), inadequate oral health knowledge (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 2.19–5.62), and khat chewing (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.24–3.71) were significantly associated factors with high prevalence of dental caries.ConclusionThe prevalence of caries was significantly higher among diabetics than nondiabetics. Oral health education with preventive measures such as improving teeth cleaning practice, reducing sugary foods and drinks intake, and improving oral hygiene practice of patients should be mainstreamed along with diabetic follow-up care.
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Tefera AT, Girma B, Adane A, Muche A, Ayele TA, Getahun KA, Aniley Z, Ali S, Handebo S. The prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among students living with disability in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1505-1515. [PMID: 35971194 PMCID: PMC9760154 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People living with disability are more vulnerable to dental caries and have a high decayed, missed, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index and untreated dental disease than nondisabled individuals. In Ethiopia, there is a dearth of information on the oral health status of the disabled population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its predictors among special needs school students in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was done on special needs school students in the Amhara region from November 2020 to April 2021. The study participants were recruited using a simple random sampling technique using a computer random generator. Data collection was done using the World Health Organization oral health survey tool. Data entry was done using Epi-data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS 26. A logistic regression model was used to identify the possible predictors of dental caries. RESULTS Four hundred and forty-three students with a mean age of 15.8 ± 3.8 were included in the study. The prevalence of dental caries was 41.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.3, 46.0) in permanent dentition with a mean DMFT score of 1.3 ± 1.6. The prevalence of dental caries in primary dentition was 23.1% (95% CI: 11.9, 32.1) with a mean decayed, missed, and filled primary teeth (dmft) score of 1.9 ± 0.2. Being 7-12 years old (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.6, 8.3), lower grade level (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.3,4.4), poor oral hygiene status (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.8), and lack of parental support during tooth brushing (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.1) were independent predictors of dental caries. CONCLUSIONS A significant amount of special needs school students in the study area had dental caries. Age, grade level, oral hygiene status, and lack of parent support during tooth brushing were independent predictors of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare T. Tefera
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Biruk Girma
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Aynishet Adane
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Abebe Muche
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Tadesse A. Ayele
- Department of Biostatics and Epidemiology, Institute of Public health, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Kefyalew A. Getahun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Zelallem Aniley
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Semira Ali
- Department of Special Need and Inclusive Education, College of EducationUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Simegnew Handebo
- School of Public Health, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeAddis AbabaEthiopia
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Dental caries and associated factors among patients visiting Shashamane Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265000. [PMID: 35239749 PMCID: PMC8893641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries is a major public health problem. In Ethiopia, prevention and treatment of oral health-related illness had given little attention and there is limited data on the extent and factors associated with oral health-related illnesses and oral care practices. Objective This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among patients visiting Shashamane Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (SCSH). Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 288 patients who visited SCSH dental clinic from March 1, 2021, to April 15, 2021. A questionnaire was employed to collect the background characteristics of the participants. Dental caries was confirmed as per World Health Organization guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine predictors of dental caries. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as a cut point to determine a significant association. Results The overall prevalence of dental caries was 64.6% with 95% CI (58.8‒70.1). The mean of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth was 1.33. Dental caries was significantly higher among respondents who did not brush their teeth (AOR = 3.589, 95% CI:1.756‒7.334), who consumed sugary food (AOR = 3.650, 95% CI: 1.747‒7.628), those with monthly a income of less than 5000.00 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 2.452, 95% CI (1.193‒5.042), and those who had poor oral hygiene status (AOR = 1.826, 95% CI: 0.901‒3.700). Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of dental caries among patients visiting the dental clinic. Tooth brushing habits, consumption of sugary food, and poor oral hygiene were significantly associated with dental caries.
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Derseh BT, Mekonnen K, Kibret T, Beyene A, Mihretie A. Determinants of Dental Health Problems Among Adult Patients at Dental Clinic, Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:495-505. [PMID: 34849032 PMCID: PMC8627247 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s336654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed to assess the determinants of dental health problems among adult patients at the dental clinic of Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods A case-control study was conducted to recruit a total of 267 adults (cases = 134, and controls = 133) who received oral health screening service in Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2018. Data were collected by physical examination and pretested semi-structured questionnaire from March 1 to 31, 2018. Collected data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were done via the forward stepwise method. Variables were declared statistically significant when p-value <0.05. Results Of the total study participants, 75 (55%) of cases and 62 (46.6%) of controls were males. The mean age (± SD) of cases was 36.2 (± 14.2) years and that of controls was 31.4 (± 10.3) years. The classification table revealed that the sensitivity of cases was 70.7%, and the specificity of controls was 74.8%. This study showed that 28 (20.89%) of cases and 6 (4.5%) of controls had confirmed gastritis (P < 0.05). Regarding dental health information, 78 (58.2%) of cases and 123 (92.5%) of controls perceived that they had received dental health information from different sources. Access to dental health information and tooth brushing practice reduced dental health problems (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.64; and AOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.45), respectively, whereas study participants who had gastritis were at increased risk of developing dental health problems (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.14, 8.57). Interpretation Study participants who had adequate information on dental health had a reduced risk of developing dental health problems by 72% and participants who practiced tooth brushing were at reduced risk of developing dental health problems by 76%. However, individuals who had gastritis were 3 times more likely to develop dental health problems compared with their counterparts. Conclusion In summary, health information, tooth brushing practice, and gastritis infection were the determinants of dental health problems. Thus, health information dissemination on dental health particularly on how to prevent and control dental health problems is very critical. Moreover, strategies to combat gastritis integrated with life course principles should be strengthened to improve dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behailu Tariku Derseh
- Department of Public Health, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Mekonnen
- Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahirdar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Tibebu Kibret
- Department of Medicine, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Assalif Beyene
- Department of Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Mihretie
- Department of Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Teshome A, Muche A, Girma B. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Associated Factors in East Africa, 2000-2020: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2021; 9:645091. [PMID: 33996722 PMCID: PMC8116500 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries affects mastication, growth and development, and school attendance and has a long-term psychological effect on affected individuals. In developing countries, the prevalence of dental caries is increasing due to the growing consumption of sugary foods, poor tooth brushing habits, and a low level of awareness about dental caries. Even if there was a high prevalence of dental caries in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of dental caries in East Africa. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors in East Africa. Methods: A systematic search of articles was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar using all the synonyms of dental caries in published literature (until December 2020) in East Africa. Important data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form prepared in Excel. Stata software (version 14.0) was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of dental caries. Besides, subgroup analysis was done based on country and dentition type. Moreover, associated factors of dental caries were assessed and the overall effect was presented in the form of odds ratios. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers' manual. Results: The overall pooled prevalence of dental caries was found to be 45.7% (95% CI = 38.0-53.4). The pooled prevalence was high in Eritrea (65.2%, 95% CI = 49.2-81.1), followed by Sudan (57.8%, 95% CI = 36.0-79.7), and a low prevalence was found in Tanzania (30.7%, 95% CI = 21.5-39.9). Moreover, the subgroup analysis revealed a prevalence of 50% (95% CI = 38.4-62.1) in permanent dentition and 41.3% (95% CI = 33.5-49.2) in mixed dentition. The overall mean decayed, missed, and filled permanent (DMFT) and primary (dmft) teeth were 1.941 (95% CI = 1.561-2.322) and 2.237 (95% CI = 1.293-3.181), respectively. High DMFT scores were reported in Sudan (3.146, 95% CI = 1.050-5.242) and Uganda (2.876, 95% CI = 2.186-3.565). Being female (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.24-1.46) and having poor tooth brushing habit (OR = 1.967, 95% CI = 1.67-2.33) were independent risk factors of dental caries. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of dental caries was comparatively high. Being female and poor oral health practice were independent risk factors of dental caries. The Ministry of Health of the member countries, along with dental associations of each country, ought to offer due attention to strengthen the oral health program in schools and primary health care centers and the implementation of school water fluoridation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Teshome
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Muche
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Girma
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Zewdu T, Abu D, Agajie M, Sahilu T. Dental caries and associated factors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:21. [PMID: 33579186 PMCID: PMC7881546 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, dental caries may be a major public health issue which may be preventable. Many studies have been conducted on dental caries in Ethiopia which present inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis was expected to consolidate the findings conducted in various regions of the country and generate country representative information on the burden and its associated factors of dental caries in Ethiopia. METHODS Our systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the pooled prevalence of dental caries and its associated factors in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Medical specialty databases like ScienceDirect, HINARI, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were consistently and exhaustively searched. To determine the aggregate prevalence, studies delineating the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors were included. Important data were extracted employing a standardized data extraction tool ready in Microsoft Excel and imported to the STATA version-13 statistical software package for analyses. To assess non-uniformity, the Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test were performed respectively. A random effects model meta-analysis was accustomed to estimate the pooled burden of dental caries. RESULTS The result of thirteen studies disclosed that the overall prevalence of dental caries in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was found to be 40.98 (31.62, 50.34). Within the subgroup analysis, the uppermost prevalence was determined in Tigray region (46.59% (24.64, 68.54)) whereas the bottom prevalence was determined in Addis Ababa (34.20% (8.42, 59.97)). Dental caries prevalence was considerably high among study subjects who consumed sweet food (OR= 2.4 (95% CI (1.91, 3.01))). But the presence of dental plaque (OR = 5.14 (95% CI (0.67, 39.39))) and habit of tooth- cleaning (OR = 0.71 (95% CI (0.17, 2.96))) were not statistically significant with the outcome of interest. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis found that the prevalence of dental caries was comparatively high, and sweet food consumption was the most risk issue for dental caries in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health ought to offer a lot of attention to strengthen the oral health care system and also the implementation of community-level interference programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfu Zewdu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia.
| | - Duresa Abu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulatu Agajie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamiru Sahilu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
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