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Dunnington EL, Wong BS, Fu D. Innovative Approaches for Drug Discovery: Quantifying Drug Distribution and Response with Raman Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7926-7944. [PMID: 38625100 PMCID: PMC11108735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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2
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Alexiev U, Rühl E. Visualization of Nanocarriers and Drugs in Cells and Tissue. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:153-189. [PMID: 37566121 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, the visualization of nanocarriers and drugs in cells and tissue is reviewed. This topic is tightly connected to modern drug delivery, which relies on nanoscopic drug formulation approaches and the ability to probe nanoparticulate systems selectively in cells and tissue using advanced spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. We first give an overview of the breadth of this research field. Then, we mainly focus on topical drug delivery to the skin and discuss selected visualization techniques from spectromicroscopy, such as scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging. These techniques rely on the sensitive and quantitative detection of the topically applied drug delivery systems and active substances, either by exploiting their molecular properties or by introducing environmentally sensitive probes that facilitate their detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Alexiev
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physikalische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Kováčik A, Kopečná M, Hrdinová I, Opálka L, Boncheva Bettex M, Vávrová K. Time-Dependent Differences in the Effects of Oleic Acid and Oleyl Alcohol on the Human Skin Barrier. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6237-6245. [PMID: 37950377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Oleic acid and oleyl alcohol are commonly used permeation and penetration enhancers to facilitate topical drug delivery. Here, we aimed to better understand the mechanism of their enhancing effects in terms of their interactions with the human skin barrier using diclofenac diethylamine (DIC-DEA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for topical pain management. Oleic acid promoted DIC-DEA permeation through ex vivo human skin more rapidly than oleyl alcohol (both applied at 0.75%) due to fluidization of stratum corneum lipids as revealed by infrared spectroscopy. After 12 h, the effect of these enhancers on DIC-DEA permeation leveled off, fluidization was no longer evident, and skin permeabilization was mainly due to the formation of fluid enhancer-rich domains. Contrary to oleyl alcohol, oleic acid adversely affected two indicators of the skin barrier integrity, transepidermal water loss and skin electrical impedance. The content of oleyl alcohol in the stratum corneum was lower than that of oleic acid (even 12 h after the enhancers were removed from the skin surface), but it caused higher DIC-DEA retention in both epidermis and dermis compared to oleic acid. The effects of oleyl alcohol and oleic acid on DIC-DEA permeation and retention in the skin were similar after a single and repeated application (4 doses every 12 h). Thus, oleyl alcohol offers several advantages over oleic acid for topical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Kováčik
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kopečná
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Hrdinová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Iliopoulos F, Goh CF, Haque T, Rahma A, Lane ME. Dermal Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium-In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102106. [PMID: 36297542 PMCID: PMC9607602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported the use of confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) as a novel non-invasive approach to determine drug disposition in the skin in vivo. Results obtained by CRS were found to correlate with data from the well-established in vitro permeation test (IVPT) model using human epidermis. However, these studies used simple vehicles comprising single solvents and binary or ternary solvent mixtures; to date, the utility of CRS for monitoring dermal absorption following application of complex marketed formulations has not been examined. In the present work, skin delivery of diclofenac sodium (DFNa) from two topical dermatological drug products, namely Diclac® Lipogel 10 mg/g and Primofenac® Emulsion gel 1%, was determined by IVPT and in vivo by both CRS and tape stripping (TS) methodologies under similar experimental conditions. The in vivo data were evaluated against the in vitro findings, and a direct comparison between CRS and TS was performed. Results from all methodologies showed that Diclac promoted significantly greater DFNa delivery to the skin (p < 0.05). The cumulative amounts of DFNa which permeated at 24 h in vitro for Diclac (86.5 ± 9.4 µg/cm2) were 3.6-fold greater than the corresponding amounts found for Primofenac (24.4 ± 2.7 µg/cm2). Additionally, total skin uptake of DFNa in vivo, estimated by the area under the depth profiles curves (AUC), or the signal intensity of the drug detected in the upper stratum corneum (SC) (4 µm) ranged from 3.5 to 3.6-fold greater for Diclac than for Primofenac. The shape of the distribution profiles and the depth of DFNa penetration to the SC estimated by CRS and TS were similar for the two methods. However, TS data indicated a 4.7-fold greater efficacy of Diclac relative to Primofenac, with corresponding total amounts of drug penetrated, 94.1 ± 22.6 µg and 20.2 ± 7.0 µg. The findings demonstrate that CRS is a methodology that is capable of distinguishing skin delivery of DFNa from different formulations. The results support the use of this approach for non-invasive evaluation of topical products in vivo. Future studies will examine additional formulations with more complex compositions and will use a wider range of drugs with different physicochemical properties. The non-invasive nature of CRS coupled with the ability to monitor drug permeation in real time offer significant advantages for testing and development of topical dermatological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Iliopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Correspondence: (F.I.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Choon Fu Goh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tasnuva Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Annisa Rahma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Majella E. Lane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Correspondence: (F.I.); (M.E.L.)
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Hummer J, Birngruber T, Sinner F, Page L, Toner F, Roper CS, Moore DJ, Baker MB, Boncheva Bettex M. Optimization of topical formulations using a combination of in vitro methods to quantify the transdermal passive diffusion of drugs. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121737. [PMID: 35413396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new approach to the early-stage optimization of topical products and selection of lead formulation candidates. It demonstrates the application of open flow microperfusion in vitro in conjunction with the Franz diffusion cell to compare time-resolved, 24-hour profiles of diclofenac passive diffusion through all skin layers (including the skin barrier, dermis, and subcutis) resulting from nine topical formulations of different composition. The technique was successfully validated for in vitro sampling of diclofenac in interstitial fluid. A multi-compartmental model integrating the two datasets was analyzed and revealed that the passive diffusion of diclofenac through the dermis and subcutis does not correlate with its diffusion through the skin barrier and cannot be predicted using Franz diffusion cell data alone. The combined application of the two techniques provides a new, convenient tool for product development and selection enabling the comparison of topical formulation candidates and their impact on drug delivery through all skin layers. This approach can also generate the experimental data required to improve the robustness of mechanistic PBPK models, and when combined with clinical sampling via open flow microperfusion - for the development of better in vivo-in vitro correlative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hummer
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Health-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Birngruber
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Health-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Sinner
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Health-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Leanne Page
- Charles River Laboratories, Tranent, Edinburgh, EH33 2NE, UK
| | - Frank Toner
- Charles River Laboratories, Tranent, Edinburgh, EH33 2NE, UK
| | - Clive S Roper
- Roper Toxicology Consulting Limited, 6 St Colme Street, Edinburgh, EH3 6AD, UK
| | - David J Moore
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, 184 Liberty Corner Rd, Warren, NJ 07059, USA
| | - Mark B Baker
- GSK Consumer Healthcare SARL, Route de l'Etraz 2, Case postale 1279, 1260 Nyon 1, Switzerland
| | - Mila Boncheva Bettex
- GSK Consumer Healthcare SARL, Route de l'Etraz 2, Case postale 1279, 1260 Nyon 1, Switzerland.
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Jerosch J. [Conservative treatment options for arthritis of the ankle : What is possible, what is effective?]. Unfallchirurg 2022; 125:175-182. [PMID: 35041020 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-021-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this article the causes of arthritis in the region of the ankle are introduced and the conservative treatment options are described and discussed more extensively. The risks of treatment with nonopioid analgesics (NOPA) are presented in detail. The topical use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) should always be considered in the clinical routine. If contraindications for oral NSAIDs are present, intra-articular treatment is a meaningful option. The best evidence is currently available for viscosupplementation but the study situation for the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is still not sufficiently comprehensive and there are only a few case reports on the use of mesenchymal stem cells..
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Jerosch
- Medizinisches Wissenschafts- und Gutachten-Institut Meerbusch (WGI) Meerbusch, Grabenstr. 11, 40667, Meerbusch, Deutschland.
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