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Mancilla-Corona CO, Sanchez-Alavez M, Pineda-García G, Islas-Limon JY, Zazueta OE, Lopez-Baena JV, Rodríguez-Vásquez JI, Serafin-Higuera IR. The influence of physical fatigue on telephone-based neuropsychological test performance in COVID-19 survivors. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01638-2. [PMID: 37336825 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue has been characterized as a post COVID-19 condition known to persist months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with impaired cognitive function, including disorders in attention, memory, information processing, and executive functions. The objective of this study was to determine if post-COVID fatigue, manifested as tiredness while performing low-intensity physical activity, has a detrimental effect on neuropsychological performance, to achieve this, we randomly selected 20 participants with post-COVID fatigue and 20 SARS-CoV-2 negative age-matched controls from a database of 360 residents of Tijuana, Baja California in a cross-sectional study design. All 40 participants responded to a health survey, along with a neuropsychological assessment test via telephone call. Statistical analysis was performed using a multiple linear regression model including the following independent variables: study condition (post-COVID fatigue or negative control), sex, age, years of education, hypertension, asthma, administration of supplemental oxygen during COVID-19 recovery, and the hour at which the evaluation started. Significant regression analysis was obtained for all global parameters of the assessment, including BANFE-2 score (p = 0.021, R2 Adj. = 0.263), NEUROPSI score (p = 0.008, R2 Adj. = 0.319), and total errors (p = 0.021, R2 Adj. = 0.263), with significant regression coefficients for study condition on two global parameters, BANFE-2 score (p = 0.028, β = - 0.371) and NEUROPSI score (p = 0.010, β = -0.428). These findings suggest that the presence of post-COVID fatigue is a factor associated with a decrease in neuropsychological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian O Mancilla-Corona
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Alavez
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
- Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gisela Pineda-García
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | - Julieta Y Islas-Limon
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | - Oscar E Zazueta
- Baja California Ministry of Health, Pioneros No. 1005 Centro, 21000, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Jonathan V Lopez-Baena
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | - Jesús I Rodríguez-Vásquez
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | - Idanya R Serafin-Higuera
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico.
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Rosales-Lagarde A, Cubero-Rego L, Menéndez-Conde F, Rodríguez-Torres EE, Itzá-Ortiz B, Martínez-Alcalá C, Vázquez-Tagle G, Vázquez-Mendoza E, Eraña Díaz ML. Dissociation of Arousal Index Between REM and NREM Sleep in Elderly Adults with Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:477-491. [PMID: 37574730 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disruption in elderly has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and its transition into Alzheimer's disease (AD). High arousal indices (AIs) during sleep may serve as an early-stage biomarker of cognitive impairment non-dementia (CIND). OBJECTIVE Using full-night polysomnography (PSG), we investigated whether CIND is related to different AIs between NREM and REM sleep stages. METHODS Fourteen older adults voluntarily participated in this population-based study that included Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsi battery, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, and single-night PSG. Subjects were divided into two groups (n = 7 each) according to their results in Neuropsi memory and attention subtests: cognitively unimpaired (CU), with normal results; and CIND, with -2.5 standard deviations in memory and/or attention subtests. AIs per hour of sleep during N1, N2, N3, and REM stages were obtained and correlated with Neuropsi total score (NTS). RESULTS AI (REM) was significantly higher in CU group than in CIND group. For the total sample, a positive correlation between AI (REM) and NTS was found (r = 0.68, p = 0.006), which remained significant when controlling for the effect of age and education. In CIND group, the AI (N2) was significantly higher than the AI (REM) . CONCLUSION In CIND older adults, this attenuation of normal arousal mechanisms in REM sleep are dissociated from the relative excess of arousals observed in stage N2. We propose as probable etiology an early hypoactivity at the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system, associated to its early pathological damage, present in the AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rosales-Lagarde
- CONACyT Chairs, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Cubero-Rego
- Neurodevelopmental Research Unit, Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus Juriquilla-Queretaro, Querétaro, México
| | | | | | - Benjamín Itzá-Ortiz
- Mathematics Research Center, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Claudia Martínez-Alcalá
- CONACyT Chairs, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marta L Eraña Díaz
- Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Mexico
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Robbins RN, Scott TM, Gouse H, Marcotte TD, Rourke SB. Screening for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Sensitivity and Specificity. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 50:429-478. [PMID: 32677005 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2019_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH), especially the mild forms, even those with well-controlled HIV. Recommendations from the literature suggest routine and regular screening for HAND to detect it early and manage it effectively and adjust treatments, if warranted, when present. However, screening for HAND is not routinely done, as there are no current guidelines on when to screen and which test or tests to use. Furthermore, many of the available screening tools for HAND often cannot accurately detect the mild forms of HAND and require highly trained healthcare professionals to administer and score the tests, a requirement that is not feasible for those low- and middle-income countries with the highest HIV incidence and prevalence rates. The purpose of this chapter was to review recent research on screening tests to detect HAND and report on the strengths, limitations, and psychometric properties of those tests to detect HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben N Robbins
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Travis M Scott
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, The Bronx, NY, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra Pacific MIRECC, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hetta Gouse
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas D Marcotte
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sean B Rourke
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Akpa O, Miyahara S, Taiwo B, Evans S, Berzins B, Robertson K. Similar changes in neuropsychological functioning in english and spanish speaking HIV patients. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01083. [PMID: 30047258 PMCID: PMC6160655 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary language has been reported to influence the results of neuropsychological (NP) testing. We sought to determine whether being a primary Spanish versus English speaker affects changes in neuropsychological evaluations in persons living with HIV. METHOD Data from 209 (188 English speakers and 21 Spanish speakers) ART-naïve HIV-infected adults were extracted from ACTG A5303, a 48-week randomized clinical trial of two HIV treatment regimens. Participants' mean (standard deviation) age and years of education were 35.1 (10.7) and 14.3 (2.7) years respectively. Changes from baseline to week 48 of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in individual, total, and domain z-scores for NP tests and Global Deficit Scores (GDS) were compared between the primary languages using linear regression models, adjusted for baseline scores and years of education. RESULTS Baseline demographic characteristics were comparable except Spanish speakers had less years of education than the English speakers (p < 0.001). Although differences in some NP measures and domains were detected at baseline, the adjusted changes in individual, total and domain NPz-scores from baseline to 48 weeks of ART were not significantly different between the two primary language groups. The 48-week changes in GDS were also similar. CONCLUSION Changes in NP during ART were similar between English and Spanish speaking HIV-infected individuals for all NP measures. This suggests that studies of longitudinal changes in NP can pool participants across these languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onoja Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sachiko Miyahara
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Babafemi Taiwo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Scott Evans
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Baiba Berzins
- Center for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Robertson
- Departments of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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López E, Steiner AJ, Smith K, Thaler NS, Hardy DJ, Levine AJ, Al-Kharafi HT, Yamakawa C, Goodkin K. Diagnostic utility of the HIV dementia scale and the international HIV dementia scale in screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among Spanish-speaking adults. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2017; 24:512-521. [PMID: 27712132 PMCID: PMC5938065 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2016.1214835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Given that neurocognitive impairment is a frequent complication of HIV-1 infection in Spanish-speaking adults, the limited number of studies assessing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in this population raises serious clinical concern. In addition to being appropriately translated, instruments need to be modified, normed, and validated accordingly. The purpose of the current study was to examine the diagnostic utility of the HIV Dementia Scale (HDS) and International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) to screen for HAND in Spanish-speaking adults living with HIV infection. Participants were classified as either HAND (N = 47) or No-HAND (N = 53) after completing a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Receiver operating characteristic analyses found the HDS (AUC = .706) was more sensitive to detecting HAND than the IHDS (AUC = .600). Optimal cutoff scores were 9.5 for the HDS (PPV = 65.2%, NPV = 71.4%) and 9.0 for the IHDS (PPV = 59.4%, NPV = 59.1%). Canonical Correlation Analysis found the HDS converged with attention and executive functioning. Findings suggest that while the IHDS may not be an appropriate screening instrument with this population, the HDS retains sufficient statistical validity and clinical utility to screen for HAND in Spanish-speaking adults as a time-efficient and cost-effective measure in clinical settings with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique López
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander J. Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, Alhambra, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Thaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David J. Hardy
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew J. Levine
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hussah T. Al-Kharafi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Graduate School of Education and Psychology, Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cristina Yamakawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karl Goodkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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Lamers SL, Rose R, Maidji E, Agsalda-Garcia M, Nolan DJ, Fogel GB, Salemi M, Garcia DL, Bracci P, Yong W, Commins D, Said J, Khanlou N, Hinkin CH, Sueiras MV, Mathisen G, Donovan S, Shiramizu B, Stoddart CA, McGrath MS, Singer EJ. HIV DNA Is Frequently Present within Pathologic Tissues Evaluated at Autopsy from Combined Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Patients with Undetectable Viral Loads. J Virol 2016; 90:8968-83. [PMID: 27466426 PMCID: PMC5044815 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00674-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED HIV infection treatment strategies have historically defined effectiveness through measuring patient plasma HIV RNA. While combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) can reduce plasma viral load (pVL) to undetectable levels, the degree that HIV is eliminated from other anatomical sites remains unclear. We investigated the HIV DNA levels in 229 varied autopsy tissues from 20 HIV-positive (HIV(+)) cART-treated study participants with low or undetectable plasma VL and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VL prior to death who were enrolled in the National Neurological AIDS Bank (NNAB) longitudinal study and autopsy cohort. Extensive medical histories were obtained for each participant. Autopsy specimens, including at least six brain and nonbrain tissues per participant, were reviewed by study pathologists. HIV DNA, measured in tissues by quantitative and droplet digital PCR, was identified in 48/87 brain tissues and 82/142 nonbrain tissues at levels >200 HIV copies/million cell equivalents. No participant was found to be completely free of tissue HIV. Parallel sequencing studies from some tissues recovered intact HIV DNA and RNA. Abnormal histological findings were identified in all participants, especially in brain, spleen, lung, lymph node, liver, aorta, and kidney. All brain tissues demonstrated some degree of pathology. Ninety-five percent of participants had some degree of atherosclerosis, and 75% of participants died with cancer. This study assists in characterizing the anatomical locations of HIV, in particular, macrophage-rich tissues, such as the central nervous system (CNS) and testis. Additional studies are needed to determine if the HIV recovered from tissues promotes the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, cancer, and atherosclerosis. IMPORTANCE It is well-known that combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) can reduce plasma HIV to undetectable levels; however, cART cannot completely clear HIV infection. An ongoing question is, "Where is HIV hiding?" A well-studied HIV reservoir is "resting" T cells, which can be isolated from blood products and succumb to cART once activated. Less-studied reservoirs are anatomical tissue samples, which have unknown cART penetration, contain a comparably diverse spectrum of potentially HIV-infected immune cells, and are important since <2% of body lymphocytes actually reside in blood. We examined 229 varied autopsy specimens from 20 HIV(+) participants who died while on cART and identified that >50% of tissues were HIV infected. Additionally, we identified considerable pathology in participants' tissues, especially in brain, spleen, lung, lymph node, liver, aorta, and kidney. This study substantiates that tissue-associated HIV is present despite cART and can inform future studies into HIV persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ekaterina Maidji
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melissa Agsalda-Garcia
- The University of Hawaii, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology and Hawaii Center for AIDS, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - David J Nolan
- Bioinfoexperts, LLC, Thibodaux, Louisiana, USA The University of Florida Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gary B Fogel
- Natural Selection, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marco Salemi
- The University of Florida Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Debra L Garcia
- The AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource, San Francisco, California, USA University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paige Bracci
- The AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource, San Francisco, California, USA University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William Yong
- National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA David Geffen School of Medicine and Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah Commins
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Said
- National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA David Geffen School of Medicine and Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Negar Khanlou
- National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA David Geffen School of Medicine and Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles H Hinkin
- National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Miguel Valdes Sueiras
- National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA David Geffen School of Medicine and Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Glenn Mathisen
- National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suzanne Donovan
- National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bruce Shiramizu
- The University of Hawaii, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology and Hawaii Center for AIDS, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Cheryl A Stoddart
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael S McGrath
- The AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource, San Francisco, California, USA University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elyse J Singer
- National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA David Geffen School of Medicine and Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Kamminga J, Cysique LA, Lu G, Batchelor J, Brew BJ. Validity of cognitive screens for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: a systematic review and an informed screen selection guide. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2014; 10:342-55. [PMID: 24072534 PMCID: PMC3851699 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-013-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Various screening tools have been proposed to identify HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). However, there has been no systematic review of their strengths and weaknesses in detecting HAND when compared to gold standard neuropsychological testing. Thirty-five studies assessing HAND screens that were conducted in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy were retrieved using standard search procedures. Of those, 19 (54 %) compared their screen to standard neuropsychological testing. Studies were characterised by a wide variation in criterion validity primarily due to non-standard definition of neurocognitive impairment, and to the demographic and clinical heterogeneity of samples. Assessment of construct validity was lacking, and longitudinal useability was not established. To address these limitations, the current review proposed a summary of the most sensitive and specific studies (>70 %), as well as providing explicit caution regarding their weaknesses, and recommendations for their use in HIV primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Kamminga
- St Vincent's Clinical School, St. Vincent's Hospital Applied Medical Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,
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