Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hyperuricemia in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, China

Flavonoid-rich extract of Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merrill improves hyperuricemia by regulating uric acid metabolism and gut microbiota

Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merrill flavonoid-rich extract (PSMF) has shown excellent xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity in our previous study. However, the efficacy of PSMF in mitigating hyperuricemia (HUA) remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of PSMF on alleviating in HUA mice. The results showed that PSMF intervention reduced serum levels of uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and inhibited the activities of XOD and adenosine deaminase (ADA). In addition, PSMF treatment not only attenuated the inflammatory response and renal damage but also regulated the expression of UA synthesis genes and UA excretion genes. Finally, PSMF ameliorated gut microbiota dysbiosis in HUA mice by enriching the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. In summary, PSMF appears to be a promising natural source for the prevention and treatment of HUA.

A Hospital-Based, Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study to Investigate the Status Quo of Hyperuricaemia in a Booming Seaside City with Young Population from 2020 to 2021 in China

Background

This is a hospital-based, single-center, cross-sectional study to investigate the status quo of hyperuricaemia (HUA) in general adults in Shenzhen, a booming seaside city in the South China.

Methods

All health adults (≥18 years old) undergoing health examination from 2020 Oct 1 to 2021 September 30 in a general hospital were enrolled. Their medical records were investigated and analyzed.

Results

Total 4604 participants (2938 males and 1756 females) were included and analyzed. We found that although the participants in Shenzhen were younger than the people included the analogous study in the adjacent cities (total 38.41 ± 10.33 years, 39.11 ± 10.18 in males and 37.24 ± 10.47 in females), the prevalence of HUA reached to amazing 34.7% (43.5% in males and 20.1% in females). Moreover, great HUA-related gender difference was found in terms of age-related variation trends of HUA prevalence (P < 0.001), indices of laboratory examination (P < 0.01) and influence factors (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

These results raise alarm bells for the HUA problem in the booming seaside city with young population like Shenzhen in China (2020-2021). Effective measures are appealed to reduce the high prevalence of HUA of Shenzhen. In addition, during analyses of the data, we found that both the prevalence of HUA and age of the population need to be seriously considered. Accordingly, we propose a more representative index, namely "Prevalence-Age Index (PAI = Prevalence of HUA/Average age)" to be used in the future HUA-related investigations.

Hyperuricemia and Associated Factors in Adult Cardiac Patients in Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Background

Individuals who have hyperuricemia are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases due to factors such as endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and increased production of oxygen-free radicals. However, data on the prevalence and predictors of hyperuricemia among adults with cardiac diseases in Ethiopia are limited.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 269 participants at the Ambo University referral hospital from June to September, 2022. Participant demographics and relevant data were obtained through convenient sampling. Hyperuricemia was defined according to the manufacturer's cutoff criteria. Data entry and analysis were conducted using SPSS 25. The association between the outcome and explanatory variables was assessed using a binary logistic regression model.

Results

Of the study participants, 56.9% were male. The mean age of participants was 51.1 years (±15.8). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 43.1% (95% CI: 37.1-49.1). Males presented a significantly higher prevalence of hyperuricemia compared to females (23.4% vs 19.7%, P = .026). Males had 2.9 times higher odds of hyperuricemia compared to females. Significant associations with the prevalence of hyperuricemia were found for individuals with a BMI ⩾30 kg/m2, age ⩾54 years, and male gender, with adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of 2.3 (1.7-5.2), 2.9 (2.2-5.9), and 3.56 (2.1-12.8), respectively. Additionally, smoking, dyslipidemia, and waist circumference were also significantly associated with the prevalence of hyperuricemia.

Conclusions

Nearly half of the cardiac patients in the study were diagnosed with hyperuricemia. These findings underscores the importance of early identification and treatment of hyperuricemia, alongside lifestyle and behavioral modifications, to maintain the quality of life in this specific population.

Study on risk factor analysis and model prediction of hyperuricemia in different populations

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to explore the influencing factors of hyperuricemia (HUA) in different populations in Shandong Province based on clinical biochemical indicators. A prediction model for HUA was constructed to aid in the early prevention and screening of HUA.

Methods

In total, 705 cases were collected from five hospitals, and the risk factors were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis, binary logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in the gender and age groups. All data were divided into a training set and test set (7:3). The training set included age, gender, total protein (TP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and 15 other indicators. The random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) methods were used to build the HUA model, and model performances were evaluated through 10-fold cross-validation to select the optimal method. Finally, features were extracted, and the ROC curve of the test set was generated.

Results

TP, LDL-C, and glucose (GLU) were risk factors for HUA, and the area under the curve (AUC) value of the SVM validation set was 0.875.

Conclusion

The SVM model based on clinical biochemical indicators has good predictive ability for HUA, thus providing a reference for the diagnosis of HUA and the development of an HUA prediction model.

Multimodal Machine Learning-Based Marker Enables Early Detection and Prognosis Prediction for Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia (HUA) has emerged as the second most prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by prolonged and asymptomatic period, triggering gout and metabolism-related outcomes. Early detection and prognosis prediction for HUA and gout are crucial for pre-emptive interventions. Integrating genetic and clinical data from 421287 UK Biobank and 8900 Nanfang Hospital participants, a stacked multimodal machine learning model is developed and validated to synthesize its probabilities as an in-silico quantitative marker for hyperuricemia (ISHUA). The model demonstrates satisfactory performance in detecting HUA, exhibiting area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.859, 0.836, and 0.779 within the train, internal, and external test sets, respectively. ISHUA is significantly associated with gout and metabolism-related outcomes, effectively classifying individuals into low- and high-risk groups for gout in the train (AUC, 0.815) and internal test (AUC, 0.814) sets. The high-risk group shows increased susceptibility to metabolism-related outcomes, and participants with intermediate or favorable lifestyle profiles have hazard ratios of 0.75 and 0.53 for gout compared with those with unfavorable lifestyles. Similar trends are observed for other metabolism-related outcomes. The multimodal machine learning-based ISHUA marker enables personalized risk stratification for gout and metabolism-related outcomes, and it is unveiled that lifestyle changes can ameliorate these outcomes within high-risk group, providing guidance for preventive interventions.

Hyperuricemia and associated factors: The case of outpatients at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital- Cameroon, an analytical cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Hyperuricemia constitutes a major public health issue due to its implication in many chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes. We propose to study the prevalence and associated factors of hyperuricemia to diagnose asymptomatic patients and make prognoses on the state of health of the patients.

METHODS

An analytic cross-sectional study has been carried out at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital and the Biochemistry laboratory of the Université des Montagnes over 2 months. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristic was obtained; a blood sample was collected from the chosen patients and a biochemical test (uric acid, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins cholesterol, triglyceride) was analyzed by spectrophotometric method. Statistical tests were carried out using SPSS statistical software. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with variables of interest. The significance was measured by a p < 0.05 with a confidential level of 95%.

RESULTS

The patient population was made up of 100 patients. The sex ratio was 1.22 in favor of men. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in our study was 28.0% with 31.1% in women and 27.3% in men. The mean average of uric acid in the hyperuricemia population was 7.50 ± 1.24 mg/L and the normal uricemia population was 4.69 ± 1.49 mg/L (p < 0.0001). The mean average triglyceride in the hyperuricemia population was 143 ± 14 and 117.55 ± 55.52 mg/dL in normal uricemia with p = 0.046. Age range [35-45] and hypertriglyceridemia have been associated with hyperuricemia with respectively (odds ratio [OR] = 4.07, p < 0.015) confidence interval, CI: [0.89: 97.0]) and ([OR = 2.50, p < 0.046] CI: [1.01: 6.09]).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of hyperuricemia was relatively high and has been associated with metabolic disorders in the population. It is necessary to focus on early diagnoses, treatment, and early intervention in view to prevent chronic diseases associated with hyperuricemia.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hyperuricemia in the Urban Health Checkup Population in Xinjiang, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose

In this study, the aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia (HUA) in the urban health checkup population in Urumqi, Xinjiang, and thus provide clues for the prevention of HUA.

Methods

People who attended medical examinations from May 2021 to June 2022 at a hospital in Urumqi, Xinjiang, were selected for evaluation based on their general information, physical examination results, and laboratory test results. The chi-square test was used to determine whether there was a difference in the prevalence of HUA among participants with different characteristics. Using logistic regression analyses, risk factors for HUA were identified.

Results

There were 8722 participants diagnosed with HUA, with an overall prevalence of 26.96%. The prevalence in men was 37.72%, significantly higher than in women (13.29%). Participants were characterized by a multiethnic composition, with Han (28.61%), Hui (27.88%) and Manchu (38.46%) being the three ethnicities with the highest prevalence. According to logistic regression analyses, HUA was associated with age, ethnicity, residence, marital status, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FPG), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia differently in males and females.

Conclusion

The prevalence of HUA was high in the urban health checkup population in Urumqi, Xinjiang, particularly among men and youth. The early intervention for HUA should be enhanced to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and other related conditions.

Adherence to DASH Dietary Pattern and Its Association with Incident Hyperuricemia Risk: A Prospective Study in Chinese Community Residents

Hyperuricemia represents a great burden on global public health, and it is important to provide effective guidance at the level of dietary patterns. We evaluated the association between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the risk of hyperuricemia in a large-scale, community-based cohort in East China. In total, 45,853 participants that did not have either hyperuricemia nor gout were included and assigned a DASH dietary score based on their baseline dietary intake. They were then divided into five quintiles (Q1−Q5) according to their score, followed by cross-linkages with local health information systems and in-person surveys. Cox proportional hazards models were adopted to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a median follow-up of 4.54 years, 2079 newly diagnosed hyperuricemia cases were documented. Compared to the DASH Q1 group, the risk of incident hyperuricemia for the Q5 group was significantly reduced by 16% (HR: 0.84; 95% CIs: 0.72−0.97) in the adjusted model. The associations of DASH diet with hyperuricemia appeared stronger (P for interaction <0.001) among participants with 3−4 cardiometabolic diseases at baseline, compared with their counterparts. Our results suggest that the DASH diet could be taken into account in the recognition of risk population and the prevention of hyperuricemia.

The dose-response relationship of serum uric acid with Dyslipidaemia and its components: a cross-sectional study of a Chinese multi-ethnic cohort

BACKGROUND

The association between serum uric acid (SUA) and the components of dyslipidaemia and their dose-response relationships have not been thoroughly explored. This study assessed the relationship between SUA and each dyslipidaemia component in Dong, Miao, and Bouyei populations in Guizhou by sex and ethnicities and investigated the dose-response relationship.

METHODS

In total, 16,092 participants aged 30-79 years from The China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study were examined. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explore the relationship between SUA and each dyslipidaemia component by sex and three ethnicities. The dose-response associations between SUA and various dyslipidaemias were investigated using restricted cubic spline regression.

RESULTS

After controlling for confounding factors, the SUA level in total participants positively correlated with each dyslipidaemia component, and women had higher odds ratios (ORs) for each dyslipidaemia component than men (P for trend < 0.001). At the SUA level > 6.37 mg/dL, ORs (95% CI) for dyslipidaemia in the Dong, Miao and Bouyei were 2.89 (2.00-4.19), 2.43 (1.70-3.48), and 3.26 (2.23-4.78), respectively. When the SUA concentration increased by 1 mg/dL, the ORs (95% CI) for total dyslipidaemia was 1.31 (1.24-1.37). A positive dose-response but nonlinear association was found between SUA and total dyslipidaemia, high total cholesterol, and low HDL, whereas an inverse U-shaped association was found between SUA and high LDL-C ( P-nonlinear< 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

The SUA level was positively correlated with each dyslipidaemia component in Dong, Miao, and Bouyei adults, and sex and ethnic differences were also found. A nonlinear dose-response relationship was found between SUA levels and dyslipidaemia and its components. Further research is warranted to investigate the causal link between SUA levels and dyslipidaemia incidence.

Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine Jiangniaosuan formula for treatment of hyperuricemia: study protocol for a double-blinded non-inferiority randomized controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND

Jiangniaosuan formula (JNSF) is commonly used in China for treating hyperuricemia, but there is little research-based evidence to support its use. This randomized controlled trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of JNSF.

METHODS

A total of 72 patients with hyperuricemia will be selected and randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:2 to receive either Western medicine, i.e., febuxostat 40 mg (WG group; n = 24), or Chinese herbal medicine, i.e., Jiangniaosuan formula + febuxostat 20 mg (WJNSG group; n = 48). After 12 weeks, the WJNSG will be randomly divided into two groups of 24 patients each; one group (WJNSG; n = 24) still will receive febuxostat 20 mg + Jiangniaosuan formula, and the other group (JNSG; n = 24) will continue to receive Jiangniaosuan formula + placebo. Participants will be followed up at 4-week intervals. The primary outcome will be the change in serum uric acid level, and the secondary outcome will be the change in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores. Serum creatinine, blood glucose, and insulin levels will also be measured.

DISCUSSION

We hypothesize that patients with hyperuricemia will benefit from JNSF. This study will provide evidence-based recommendations for clinicians.

DISSEMINATION

The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated by academic conferences. The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Chinese Clinical Trials Register ChiCTR2000041083 . Registered on 3 May 2021. The protocol version number is V3.0, 20210301.