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Lv Z, Liu L, You J, Zhou P, Su Y, Zhao K, Zhang J, Zhu F. Small HBV surface antigen drives regorafenib resistance in HCC via KIAA1429-dependent m6A modification of CCR9. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29894. [PMID: 39206838 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A substantial body of literature, including our own, points to a connection between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the development of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly against sorafenib. However, the influence of HBV on resistance to regorafenib, another therapeutic agent, has been less studied. In this study, we used the GEO database (GSE87630) and clinical samples to demonstrate that C-C motif chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) was highly expressed in HBV-related HCC and predicted poor overall survival. Its overexpression correlated with HBsAg-positive HCC patients. Both univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis elucidated CCR9 was an independent risk factor for poor overall survival in HCC patients. Our in vitro findings further revealed that HBV structural proteins, small HBV surface antigen (SHBs), triggered an upregulation of CCR9. Functional assays showed that SHBs enhanced HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, increased ABCB1 and ABCC1 expression, and promoted regorafenib resistance via CCR9. Intriguingly, overexpression of HBV plasmid and an AAV-HBV mouse model both exhibited a significant elevation in global N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels. Further investigations revealed that SHBs elevated these m6A levels, upregulated CCR9 and stabilized CCR9 mRNA through KIAA1429-mediated m6A modification, with sites 1373 and 1496 on CCR9 mRNA being critical for modification. In conclusion, SHBs promoted HCC progression and regorafenib resistance via KIAA1429-mediated m6A modification of CCR9. Our findings suggested that CCR9 could be a potential prognostic biomarker and a valuable molecular therapeutic target of regorafenib resistance in HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian You
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang GT, Li G, Wan L, Pu X, Chang J, Tang P, Chen FE. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Anti-HBV Drug Entecavir: Catalytic Strategies for the Stereospecific Construction of Densely Substituted Cyclopentene Cores. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38809781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
We have successfully accomplished a catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of entecavir, a first-line antihepatitis B virus medication. The pivotal aspect of our strategy lies in the utilization of a Pd-catalyzed enyne borylative cyclization reaction, enabling the construction of a highly substituted cyclopentene scaffold with exceptional stereoselectivity. Additionally, we efficiently accessed the crucial 1,3-diol enyne system early in our synthetic route through a diarylprolinol organocatalyzed enantioselective cross-aldol reaction and Re-catalyzed allylic alcohol relocation. By strategically integrating these three catalytic protocols, we established a practical pathway for acquiring valuable densely heteroatom-substituted cyclopentene cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tai Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gen Li
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linxi Wan
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinxin Pu
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhai Chang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei Tang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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Li L, Zhou J, Li Y, Wang F, Zhang D, Wang M, Tao Y, Chen E. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir amibufenamide and its comparison with tenofovir alafenamide in patients with chronic hepatitis B: results from a retrospective real-world study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1165990. [PMID: 37324480 PMCID: PMC10267382 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1165990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim: Tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) has shown potent antiviral efficacy in randomized clinical studies. This study aimed to reveal the effectiveness and safety of tenofovir amibufenamide in the real world and compared tenofovir amibufenamide to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: In this retrospective study, tenofovir amibufenamide-treated chronic hepatitis B patients were divided into treatment-naive (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) groups. Furthermore, tenofovir alafenamide-treated patients were enrolled using the propensity score matching method (PSM). We assessed the virological response (VR, HBV DNA < 100 IU/mL) rate, renal function, and blood lipid changes during 24 weeks of treatment. Results: Virologic response rates at week 24 were 93% (50/54) in the treatment-naive group and 95% (61/64) in the treatment-experienced group. The ratios of alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization were 89% (25/28) in the treatment-naive group and 71% (10/14) in the treatment-experienced group (p = 0.306). Additionally, serum creatinine decreased in both the treatment-naive and treatment-experienced groups, (-4.44 ± 13.55 μmol/L vs. -4.14 ± 9.33 μmol/L, p = 0.886), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased (7.01 ± 12.49 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 5.50 ± 8.16 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.430), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels increased (0.09 ± 0.71 mmol/L vs. 0.27 ± 0.68 mmol/L, p = 0.152), whereas total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) levels decreased continuously from 3.26 ± 1.05 to 2.49 ± 0.72 in the treatment-naive group and from 3.31 ± 0.99 to 2.88 ± 0.77 in the treatment-experienced group. Using propensity score matching, we further compared virologic response rates between the tenofovir amibufenamide and tenofovir alafenamide cohorts. Virologic response rates in treatment-naive patients were higher in the tenofovir amibufenamide cohort [92% (35/38) vs. 74% (28/38), p = 0.033]. Virologic response rates in treatment-experienced patients showed no statistical difference between the tenofovir amibufenamide and tenofovir alafenamide cohorts. Conclusion: Tenofovir amibufenamide had profound antiviral effectiveness and no adverse effects on renal function or blood lipids. Additionally, tenofovir amibufenamide was more efficient than tenofovir alafenamide in inhibiting viral replication, which needs to be demonstrated in future studies.
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Yang H, Yao W, Yang J. Overview of the development of HBV small molecule inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115128. [PMID: 36709647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Like tuberculosis and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis B is a globally recognized major public health threat. Although there are many small-molecule drugs for the treatment of hepatitis B, the approved drugs cannot eradicate the pathogenic culprit covalently closed circular DNA in patients, so the patients need long-term medication to control HBV amplification. Driven by a high unmet medical need, many pharmaceutical companies and research institutions have been engaged in the development of anti-HBV drugs to achieve a functional cure for chronic hepatitis B as soon as possible. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus and the research progress in the development of anti-HBV small molecule drugs, and introduces the cccDNA formation and transcription inhibitors and core inhibitors in detail, especially emphasizes the role of chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Furthermore, this review proposes three potential strategies for cccDNA eradication in the future. We believe this review will provide meaningful guidance to achieve a functional cure for viral hepatitis B in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266001, China.
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Niedziela N, Zimnol A, Lubczyński M, Szymbara P, Kubicka-Bączyk K, Jaroszewicz J, Adamczyk-Sowa M. OCRELIZUMAB THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ANTI-HBC ANTIBODIES - A PRELIMINARY STUDY. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2023; 51:189-193. [PMID: 37589101 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202303101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease resulting in cognitive impairment, physical disabilities, and neurological symptoms. Ocrelizumab is an effective drug used in MS treatment. However, it causes a risk of hepatitis B reactivation in anti-HBc positive patients. We describe the impact of entecavir and tenofovir on HBV reactivation during treatment with ocrelizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Our study included eight patients (aged 18-70 years) with positive anti-HBc antibodies who were diagnosed with MS based on the 2017 McDonald criteria. The subjects were treated with ocrelizumab and were given anti-HBV prophylaxis with nucleoside analogs. The mean time from the beginning of therapy with nucleoside analogs to the initiation of ocrelizumab treatment was 27.5 days. Patients were administered ocrelizumab and none of them was diagnosed with HBV reactivation. RESULTS Results: None of the laboratory parameters worsened. No severe adverse effects were observed. These results suggest that entecavir and tenofovir are effective in HBV reactivation prophylaxis. Additionally, positive anti-HBc antibodies do not rule out treatment with ocrelizumab. CONCLUSION Conclusions: In patients with positive anti-HBc antibodies, nucleoside analogs, such as entecavir or tenofovir, should be administered before ocrelizumab administration to reduce the risk of viral reactivation. Further studies on simultaneous treatment with ocrelizumab and nucleoside analogs are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Niedziela
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Alicja Zimnol
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Michał Lubczyński
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Piotr Szymbara
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Katarzyna Kubicka-Bączyk
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Jerzy Jaroszewicz
- DEPARTMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND HEPATOLOGY, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND
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6
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Yang R, Yin N, Zhao Y, Li D, Zhang X, Li X, Zhang Y, Faiola F. Adverse Events During Pregnancy Associated With Entecavir and Adefovir: New Insights From a Real-World Analysis of Cases Reported to FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:772768. [PMID: 35046808 PMCID: PMC8762051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the embryotoxicity found in animal studies and scarce clinical data in pregnant women, it is still controversial whether entecavir (ETV) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) are safe during human pregnancy. This is of paramount importance when counseling pregnant women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) on risks and benefits to their offspring. Objective: To quantify the association between administration of ETV and ADV in pregnant women and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) during pregnancy (AEDP). Methods: Pregnancy reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) were used to perform a retrospective analysis of AEDP associated with ETV or ADV. Disproportionality analysis estimating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) was conducted to identify the risk signals. A signal was defined as ROR value >2, and lower limit of 95% confidence interval (CI)> 1. Results: A total of 1,286,367 reports involving AEDP were submitted to FAERS by healthcare professionals. Of these, there were 547 cases reporting ETV and 242 cases reporting ADV as primary suspected drugs. We found a moderate or strong signal for increased risk of spontaneous abortion when comparing ETV with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and telbivudine (LdT), with RORs equal to 1.58 (95% CI, 1.09–2.30) and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.04–4.36), respectively. However, when the included reports were limited to indication containing HBV infection, no signals for increased AEDP were detected. Futhermore, a strong signal for increased risk of spontaneous abortion was identified in patients with HBV infection when comparing ETV or ADV with lamivudine (LAM), with RORs of 3.55 (95% CI, 1.54–8.18) and 2.85 (95% CI, 1.15–7.08), respectively. Conclusion: We found a strong signal for increased risk of spontaneous abortion in patients with HBV infection taking ETV or ADV, in comparison with those prescribed with LAM. Moreover, no obvious signal association of human teratogenicity with exposure to ETV or ADV was identified in fetuses during pregnancy. Nevertheless, owing to the limitations of a spontaneous reporting database, which inevitably contains potential biases, there is a pressing need for well-designed comparative safety studies to validate these results in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Zenchenko AA, Drenichev MS, Il’icheva IA, Mikhailov SN. Antiviral and Antimicrobial Nucleoside Derivatives: Structural Features and Mechanisms of Action. Mol Biol 2021; 55:786-812. [PMID: 34955556 PMCID: PMC8682041 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new viruses and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has become a powerful stimulus in the search for new drugs. Nucleosides are a promising class of natural compounds, and more than a hundred drugs have already been created based on them, including antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor agents. The review considers the structural and functional features and mechanisms of action of known nucleoside analogs with antiviral, antibacterial or antiprotozoal activity. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms that determine the antiviral effect of nucleoside analogs containing hydrophobic fragments. Depending on the structure and position of the hydrophobic substituent, such nucleosides can either block the process of penetration of viruses into cells or inhibit the stage of genome replication. The mechanisms of inhibition of viral enzymes by compounds of nucleoside and non-nucleoside nature have been compared. The stages of creation of antiparasitic drugs, which are based on the peculiarities of metabolic transformations of nucleosides in humans body and parasites, have been considered. A new approach to the creation of drugs is described, based on the use of prodrugs of modified nucleosides, which, as a result of metabolic processes, are converted into an effective drug directly in the target organ or tissue. This strategy makes it possible to reduce the general toxicity of the drug to humans and to increase the effectiveness of its action on cells infected by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Zenchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. S. Drenichev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I. A. Il’icheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S. N. Mikhailov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Liu M, Shi P, Wang G, Wang G, Song P, Liu Y, Wu S, Gong J. Quantitative analysis of binary mixtures of entecavir using solid-state analytical techniques with chemometric methods. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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9
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Samunuri R, Toyama M, Pallaka RS, Neeladri S, Jha AK, Baba M, Bal C. Synthesis and anti-HBV activity of carbocyclic nucleoside hybrids with salient features of entecavir and aristeromycin. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:597-601. [PMID: 33479662 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified carbocyclic nucleosides (4a-g) constituting 7-deazapurine, 4'-methyl, exocyclic double bond and 2',3'-hydroxy were synthesized. NOE and X-ray studies of 4c confirmed the α-configuration of 4'-methyl. The anti-HBV assay demonstrated 4e (IC50 = 3.4 μM) without notable cytotoxicity (CC50 = 87.5 μM) as a promising lead for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnamraju Samunuri
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology , Mesra , Ranchi , Jharkhand 835215 , India . .,Chemistry Services , GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd , IDA Nacharam , Hyderabad , India
| | - Masaaki Toyama
- Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy , Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection , Kagoshima University , 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka , Kagoshima , 890-8544 , Japan
| | | | - Seshubabu Neeladri
- Chemistry Services , GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd , IDA Nacharam , Hyderabad , India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jha
- Chemistry Services , GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd , IDA Nacharam , Hyderabad , India
| | - Masanori Baba
- Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy , Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection , Kagoshima University , 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka , Kagoshima , 890-8544 , Japan
| | - Chandralata Bal
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology , Mesra , Ranchi , Jharkhand 835215 , India .
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10
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Heravi MM, Ghalavand N, Ghanbarian M, Mohammadkhani L. Applications of Mitsunobu Reaction in total synthesis of natural products. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak, P.O. Box 1993893973 Tehran Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghalavand
- Department of Chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak, P.O. Box 1993893973 Tehran Iran
| | - Manizheh Ghanbarian
- Department of Chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak, P.O. Box 1993893973 Tehran Iran
| | - Leyla Mohammadkhani
- Department of Chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak, P.O. Box 1993893973 Tehran Iran
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11
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Wang X, Xu HJ, Jia XD, Yang YT, Zhang XJ. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the anhydrous form of the nucleoside analogue entecavir. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:381-385. [PMID: 29504569 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618002528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The nucleoside analogue entecavir {systematic name: 2-amino-9-[(1S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2-methylenecyclopentyl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one}, C12H15N5O3, is an antihepatitis B virus drug that has been approved in the US, EU and several countries worldwide. We report here the single-crystal structure of the anhydrous form and compare it with that of the previously reported monohydrate form [Jiang & Liu (2009). Acta Cryst. E65, o2232]. Hirshfeld surface analysis has been employed to understand and visualize the subtle packing differences between the two crystalline forms. The results show that, compared to the previously reported hydrated form, the anhydrous crystal has significantly different intermolecular interactions and packing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Jiang Xu
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Dong Jia
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tao Yang
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jian Zhang
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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12
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White DR, Wolfe JP. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Amino-Substituted Carbocycles by Pd-Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:5419-5423. [PMID: 28295688 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino-substituted alkylidenecyclopentanes were synthesized through a stereoselective intermolecular Pd-catalyzed alkene carboamination reaction between alkenyl triflates bearing a pendant alkene and exogenous amine nucleophiles. The reactions are effective with a range of different substrate combinations, and proceed with generally high diastereoselectivity. Use of (S)-tBuPhox as the ligand in reactions of achiral substrates provides enantioenriched products with up to 98.5:1.5 e.r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick R White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - John P Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
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13
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Ma Z, Yang X, Jiang T, Bai M, Zheng C, Zeng S, Sun D, Jiang H. Multiple SLC and ABC Transporters Contribute to the Placental Transfer of Entecavir. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:269-278. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.073304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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15
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Imoto S, Kohgo S, Tokuda R, Kumamoto H, Aoki M, Amano M, Kuwata-Higashi N, Mitsuya H, Haraguchi K. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Anti-HBV Activity of Hybrid Molecules of Entecavir and Adefovir: Exomethylene Acycloguanine Nucleosides and Their Monophosphate Derivatives. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 34:590-602. [PMID: 26167667 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2015.1037456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exomethylene acycloguanine nucleosides 4, 6 and its monophosphate derivatives 5, 7, and 8 have been synthesized. Mitsunobu-type coupling of 2-N-acetyl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoylguanine (11) with primary alcohols proceeded regioselectively to furnish the desired N(9)-substituted products in moderate yield. Evaluation of 4-8 for anti-HBV activity in HepG2 cells revealed that the phosphonate derivative 8 was found to exhibit moderated activity (EC50 value of 0.29 μM), but cytotoxicity (CC50 value of 39 μM) against the host cells was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Imoto
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Nishi-ku , Kumamoto , Japan
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16
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Kumamoto H, Fukano M, Nakano T, Iwagami K, Takeyama C, Kohgo S, Imoto S, Amano M, Kuwata-Higashi N, Aoki M, Abe H, Mitsuya H, Fukuhara K, Haraguchi K. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 6″-(Z)- and 6″-(E)-Fluoro Analogues of Anti-hepatitis B Virus Agent Entecavir and Its Evaluation of the Activity and Toxicity Profile of the Diastereomers. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2827-36. [PMID: 27009432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A method for the diastereoselective synthesis of 6″-(Z)- and 6″-(E)-fluorinated analogues of the anti-HBV agent entecavir has been developed. Construction of the methylenecyclopentane skeleton of the target molecules has been accomplished by radical-mediated 5-exo-dig cyclization of the selenides 6 and 15 having the phenylsulfanylethynyl structure as a radical accepting moiety. In the radical reaction of the TBS-protected precursor 6, (Z)-anti-12 was formed as a major product. On the other hand, TIPS-protected 15 gave (E)-anti-12. The sulfur-extrusive stannylation of anti-12 furnished a mixture of geometric isomers of the respective vinylstannane, whereas benzoyl-protected 17 underwent the stannylation in the manner of retention of configuration. Following XeF2-mediated fluorination, introduction of the purine base and deoxygenation of the resulting carbocyclic guanosine gave the target (E)- and (Z)-3 after deprotection. Evaluation of the anti-HBV activity of 3 revealed that fluorine-substitution at the 6″-position of entecavir gave rise to a reduction in the cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells with retention of the antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kumamoto
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University , 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Misato Fukano
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University , 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakano
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University , 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Keito Iwagami
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University , 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takeyama
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University , 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru Kohgo
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shuhei Imoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine , Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Kuwata-Higashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine , Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Manabu Aoki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Heath Science University , 325 Izumimachi, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kiyoshi Fukuhara
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University , 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haraguchi
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University , 10281 Komuro, Inamachi, Kita-adachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
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Mandíková J, Volková M, Pávek P, Navrátilová L, Hyršová L, Janeba Z, Pavlík J, Bárta P, Trejtnar F. Entecavir Interacts with Influx Transporters hOAT1, hCNT2, hCNT3, but Not with hOCT2: The Potential for Renal Transporter-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Drug-Drug Interactions. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:304. [PMID: 26779022 PMCID: PMC4700268 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Entecavir (ETV) is one of the most potent agents for the treatment of the hepatitis B viral infection. The drug is principally eliminated by the kidney. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential of ETV to interact in vitro with the renal SLC transporters hOAT1, hOCT2, hCNT2 and hCNT3. Potential drug–drug interactions of ETV at the renal transporters with antiviral drugs known to be excreted by the kidney (adefovir, tenofovir, cidofovir) as well as transporter-dependent cytotoxicity were also examined. Interactions with the selected transporters along with cytotoxicity were studied in several transiently transfected cellular models using specific substrates and inhibitors. ETV was found to be both a substrate and inhibitor of hOAT1 (IC50 = 175.3 μM), hCNT2 (IC50 = 241.9 μM) and hCNT3 (IC50 = 278.4 μM) transporters, although it interacted with the transporters with relatively low affinities. ETV inhibited the cellular uptake of adefovir, tenofovir, and cidofovir by hOAT1; however, effective inhibition was shown at ETV concentrations exceeding therapeutic levels. In comparison with adefovir, tenofovir, and cidofovir, ETV displayed no transporter-mediated cytotoxicity in cells transfected with hOAT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3. No significant interaction of ETV with hOCT2 was detected. The study demonstrates interactions of ETV with several human renal transporters. For the first time, an interaction of ETV with the hCNTs was proved. We show that the potency of ETV to cause nephrotoxicity and/or clinically significant drug-drug interactions related to the tested transporters is considerably lower than that of adefovir, tenofovir, and cidofovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mandíková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Volková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Navrátilová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hyršová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pavlík
- Cayman Pharma Ltd. Neratovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bárta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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De Nicolò A, Bonifacio G, Boglione L, Cusato J, Pensi D, Tomasello C, Di Perri G, D'Avolio A. UHPLC-MS/MS method with automated on-line solid phase extraction for the quantification of entecavir in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HBV+ patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 118:64-69. [PMID: 26517850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To date five nucleoside analogs are used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: among these, entecavir is the most used. Nevertheless a few information about its distribution in tissues is currently known. Since the determination of entecavir disposition in the hepatocytes is impracticable because of its invasiveness, the quantification in an "easier-to-obtain" cellular model could be a good choice. In this work, we developed and validated an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay based on an automated on-line SPE, to quantify entecavir concentrations in peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs), in both its phosphorylated and un-phosphorylated forms. To achieve this, each PBMC isolate was divided in two aliquots, one was treated with acid phosphatase to convert entecavir phosphorylated metabolites into free form, the other one was not-treated. Standards and quality controls were prepared in PBMCs, isolated from healthy donors, and underwent the same process. 20 μL of the resulting solutions were injected in the on-line SPE system. Thymidine was used as internal standard. Calibration curves fitted a linear model for entecavir levels in a range from 0.039 ng to 5 ng (mean r(2)=0.998). Accuracy, intra-day and inter-day precision of the method fitted FDA guidelines recommendations. Moreover, recovery was consistent and matrix effect resulted low and reproducible. We tested this method by monitoring entecavir concentrations in PBMCs from 28HBV mono-infected patients, confirming its reliability and suitability for the evaluation of intracellular entecavir penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo De Nicolò
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, "Amedeo di Savoia" Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Bonifacio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, "Amedeo di Savoia" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucio Boglione
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, "Amedeo di Savoia" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Cusato
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, "Amedeo di Savoia" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Pensi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, "Amedeo di Savoia" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Tomasello
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, "Amedeo di Savoia" Hospital, Turin, Italy; S.C Pharmacy of "Maria Vittoria" Hospital, ASL TO2, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, "Amedeo di Savoia" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Avolio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, "Amedeo di Savoia" Hospital, Turin, Italy
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De Nicolò A, Simiele M, Pensi D, Boglione L, Allegra S, Di Perri G, D'Avolio A. UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of anti-HBV nucleos(t)ides analogs: Entecavir, lamivudine, telbivudine and tenofovir in plasma of HBV infected patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:127-32. [PMID: 26037161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection affects two billion people worldwide and 350 million of these are chronically infected. Chronic hepatitis B virus is one of the most important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. If it is left untreated, about one-third of affected people will develop progressive and possibly fatal liver disease, like hepatic cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, five nucleos(t)ide analogs are approved for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. They are: lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, telbivudine, entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. In this work, we developed and validated an UPLC-Tandem mass spectrometry assay method capable of monitoring lamivudine, telbivudine, tenofovir and entecavir plasma concentrations. Both standards and quality controls (high, medium and low) were prepared in human plasma. Each sample was added with internal standard (5'amino-5'deoxy-thymidine) and then drugs were extracted through a protein precipitation protocol with acetonitrile+0.1% formic acid and then dried. The extracts were resuspended in water and then injected into the chromatographic system. The chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8 μm 2.1 × 150 mm column, with a gradient of water and acetonitrile, both added with formic acid (0.05%). Accuracy, intra-day and inter-day precision at quality controls levels fitted all FDA guidelines for all analytes, while matrix effects and recoveries resulted stable between samples for each analyte. Finally, we tested this method by monitoring plasma concentrations in 30 HBV+ patients with good results. This simple analytical method could represent a useful tool for the management of anti-HBV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo De Nicolò
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marco Simiele
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Pensi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucio Boglione
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sarah Allegra
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Avolio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Yousaf AM, Jee JP, Hwang SR, Maeng HJ, Park YJ, Kim JO, Yong CS, Choi HG, Cho KH. Development of direct compression entecavir 0.5 mg-loaded tablet exhibiting enhanced content uniformity. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Fernández-Rodríguez CM, Gutiérrez-García ML. Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2014; 5:175-182. [PMID: 25133046 PMCID: PMC4133443 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v5.i3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic hepatitis B are at significant risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Globally, over half a million people each year are diagnosed with HCC, with marked geographical variations. Despite overwhelming evidence for a causal role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the development of HCC and a well-established relationship between high baseline hepatitis B viral load and cumulative risk of HCC, the molecular basis for this association has not been fully elucidated. In addition, a beneficial role for antiviral therapy in preventing the development of HCC has been difficult to establish. This review examines the biological and molecular mechanisms of HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis, recent results on the effect of modern nucleos(t)ides on the rate of HCC development in high risk HBV cohorts and the potential mechanisms by which long-term antiviral therapy with potent inhibitors of HBV replication might reduce the risk of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Although evidence from randomized controlled trials shows the favourable effects of antiviral agents in achieving profound and durable suppression of HBV DNA levels while improving liver function and histology, robust evidence of other long-term clinical outcomes, such as prevention of HCC, are limited.
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Velasco J, Ariza X, Badía L, Bartra M, Berenguer R, Farràs J, Gallardo J, Garcia J, Gasanz Y. Total Synthesis of Entecavir. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5482-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400607v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Velasco
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Ariza
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología
de
la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Badía
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Bartra
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Berenguer
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Farràs
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gallardo
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
(IBUB), Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología
de
la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gasanz
- R&D Department, Esteve Química S.A., Caracas 17-19, 08030-Barcelona, Spain
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Hu TH, Tsai MC, Chien YS, Chen YT, Chen TC, Lin MT, Chang KC, Chiu KW. A novel experience of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in renal transplant recipients. Antivir Ther 2012; 17:745-53. [PMID: 22522918 DOI: 10.3851/imp2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entecavir (ETV) is a potent inhibitor of viral replication in chronic hepatitis B. There is no published data concerning ETV therapy in nucleoside analogue (NUC)-naive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive renal transplant recipients (RTRs). METHODS We prospectively treated 27 HBsAg-positive RTRs with ETV since 2007. Serial HBV DNA was assessed at baseline and weeks 12, 24, 52 and 104 after treatment. A cohort of 19 patients who received 2-year lamivudine (3TC) therapy during 2004-2007 was used as a historical control. RESULTS Of the 27 RTRs, 18 (67%) were NUC-naive patients and 9 (33%) were 3TC-experienced without YMDD mutations. HBV DNA levels became undetectable in 70%, 74%, 96% and 100% of patients after 12, 24, 52 and 104 weeks, respectively, of ETV treatment without viral resistance. There was no change of glomerular filtration rate, and no lactic acidosis or myopathy during treatment. By comparison with the 19 3TC-treated patients, ETV-treated RTRs presented higher rates of undetectable HBV DNA than 3TC-treated RTRs (32%, 37%, 63% and 63% at 12, 24, 52 and 104 weeks; P<0.005). In an analysis excluding 9 patients from the ETV group who were also 3TC-experienced, the remaining 18 ETV-naive RTRs exhibited a better virological response at 52 and 104 weeks than 19 3TC-treated RTRs (P<0.05). Even in the 9 patients who overlapped in two cohorts, ETV exhibited a more rapid virological response than 3TC did, especially at 12 and 24 weeks (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS ETV is effective in treating chronic hepatitis B in RTRs. ETV is safe with regards to renal graft function, lactic acidosis, myopathy and virological resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Brown JA, Pack LR, Fowler JD, Suo Z. Presteady state kinetic investigation of the incorporation of anti-hepatitis B nucleotide analogues catalyzed by noncanonical human DNA polymerases. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 25:225-33. [PMID: 22132702 DOI: 10.1021/tx200458s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral nucleoside analogues have been developed to inhibit the enzymatic activities of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase, thereby preventing the replication and production of HBV. However, the usage of these analogues can be limited by drug toxicity because the 5'-triphosphates of these nucleoside analogues (nucleotide analogues) are potential substrates for human DNA polymerases to incorporate into host DNA. Although they are poor substrates for human replicative DNA polymerases, it remains to be established whether these nucleotide analogues are substrates for the recently discovered human X- and Y-family DNA polymerases. Using presteady state kinetic techniques, we have measured the substrate specificity values for human DNA polymerases β, λ, η, ι, κ, and Rev1 incorporating the active forms of the following anti-HBV nucleoside analogues approved for clinical use: adefovir, tenofovir, lamivudine, telbivudine, and entecavir. Compared to the incorporation of a natural nucleotide, most of the nucleotide analogues were incorporated less efficiently (2 to >122,000) by the six human DNA polymerases. In addition, the potential for entecavir and telbivudine, two drugs which possess a 3'-hydroxyl, to become embedded into human DNA was examined by primer extension and DNA ligation assays. These results suggested that telbivudine functions as a chain terminator, while entecavir was efficiently extended by the six enzymes and was a substrate for human DNA ligase I. Our findings suggested that incorporation of anti-HBV nucleotide analogues catalyzed by human X- and Y-family polymerases may contribute to clinical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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25
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Sheen E, Trinh HN, Nguyen TT, Do ST, Tran P, Nguyen HA, Nguyen KK, Garcia RT, Nguyen MH. The efficacy of entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with suboptimal response to adevofir. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:767-74. [PMID: 21806648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have experienced treatment failure to adefovir (ADV) and their management poses a growing challenge. Very limited data are available on the efficacy of entecavir (ETV) in patients previously treated with ADV. AIM To examine the effect of ETV monotherapy on HBV DNA and ALT levels in CHB patients previously treated with ADV, but switched to ETV due to suboptimal response. METHODS Study candidates were enrolled from five community gastroenterology clinics in the U.S. Each completed at least 12 months of ETV treatment after being previously treated with ADV and experiencing suboptimal response. Primary and secondary outcome measurements were complete viral suppression (CVS, HBV DNA <100 IU/mL) and biochemical response (BR, ALT < 40 U/L), respectively. RESULTS A total of 60 patients were included in this analysis. Twelve were lamivudine (LAM)-experienced and none were LAM-resistant. At time of switch to ETV, no patients had experienced CVS. The CVS rate was 68% after 12 months of ETV therapy. The BR rate was 67% at switch to ETV and 80% after 12 months. There was no significant difference in response rates between LAM-experienced and naïve patients. Among the eight patients with ADV resistance, each achieved CVS after 12 months of ETV therapy and seven achieved BR. CONCLUSIONS In patients with suboptimal response to adefovir, complete viral suppression and biochemical response can be achieved in the majority by 12 months after switching to entecavir, including patients with prior exposure to lamivudine and those with adefovir resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sheen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Abstract
Most viral diseases, with the exception of those caused by human immunodeficiency virus, are self-limited illnesses that do not require specific antiviral therapy. The currently available antiviral drugs target 3 main groups of viruses: herpes, hepatitis, and influenza viruses. With the exception of the antisense molecule fomivirsen, all antiherpes drugs inhibit viral replication by serving as competitive substrates for viral DNA polymerase. Drugs for the treatment of influenza inhibit the ion channel M(2) protein or the enzyme neuraminidase. Combination therapy with Interferon-α and ribavirin remains the backbone treatment for chronic hepatitis C; the addition of serine protease inhibitors improves the treatment outcome of patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1. Chronic hepatitis B can be treated with interferon or a combination of nucleos(t)ide analogues. Notably, almost all the nucleos(t) ide analogues for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B possess anti-human immunodeficiency virus properties, and they inhibit replication of hepatitis B virus by serving as competitive substrates for its DNA polymerase. Some antiviral drugs possess multiple potential clinical applications, such as ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C and respiratory syncytial virus and cidofovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus and other DNA viruses. Drug resistance is an emerging threat to the clinical utility of antiviral drugs. The major mechanisms for drug resistance are mutations in the viral DNA polymerase gene or in genes that encode for the viral kinases required for the activation of certain drugs such as acyclovir and ganciclovir. Widespread antiviral resistance has limited the clinical utility of M(2) inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of influenza infections. This article provides an overview of clinically available antiviral drugs for the primary care physician, with a special focus on pharmacology, clinical uses, and adverse effects.
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Yanxiao C, Ruijuan X, Jin Y, Lei C, Qian W, Xuefen Y, Hong T, Xueying Z, Davey AK, Jiping W. Organic anion and cation transporters are possibly involved in renal excretion of entecavir in rats. Life Sci 2011; 89:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Telbivudine (Sebivo®; Tyzeka®) is a synthetic nucleoside analogue that inhibits replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is used in the treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with evidence of viral replication and persistently elevated serum ALT and/or AST levels, and/or histological evidence of active disease. Telbivudine is a potent antiviral that provides effective and sustained viral suppression in patients with compensated CHB. In clinical trials, treatment outcomes were improved significantly more with telbivudine 600 mg once daily than with lamivudine 100 mg or adefovir 10 mg once daily, and telbivudine-treated patients had significantly less viral resistance than lamivudine-treated patients. Increasing rates of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion were achieved in HBeAg-positive patients during periods of up to 4 years continuous telbivudine treatment, and seroconversion was durable in most patients throughout a 2-year, off-treatment follow-up, indicating the potential for a finite treatment period in this group of patients. Telbivudine is associated with a medium genetic barrier to resistance and, as patients with undetectable HBV DNA levels have significantly improved outcomes, it is recommended that HBV DNA levels are monitored at week 24 (and 6 monthly thereafter), with the addition of a nucleoside/nucleotide analogue without cross resistance (such as adefovir dipivoxil) if viraemia is present to reduce the risk of resistance (Roadmap concept). Telbivudine was generally well tolerated in clinical trials for periods of up to 4 years, and has a similar tolerability profile to that of lamivudine. A minority of telbivudine-treated patients experience creatinine kinase elevation, usually transient, and myopathy occurs rarely. In modelled cost effectiveness studies in several Asian countries, treatment with telbivudine Roadmap was cost effective in HBeAg-positive patients. Thus, telbivudine provides a valuable treatment option in CHB, particularly when administered using the Roadmap concept in HbeAg-positive patients.
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