1
|
García‐Marín J, Griera M, Sánchez‐Alonso P, Di Geronimo B, Mendicuti F, Rodríguez‐Puyol M, Alajarín R, Pascual‐Teresa B, Vaquero JJ, Rodríguez‐Puyol D. Pyrrolo[1,2‐
a
]quinoxalines: Insulin Mimetics that Exhibit Potent and Selective Inhibition against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1788-1801. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier García‐Marín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100 28034 Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100 28034 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Patricia Sánchez‐Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Bruno Di Geronimo
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica Facultad de Farmacia Universidad San Pablo CEU 28925 Alcorcón Spain
| | - Francisco Mendicuti
- Departamento de Química Analítica Química Física e Ingeniería Química Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez‐Puyol
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100 28034 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Ramón Alajarín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100 28034 Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Beatriz Pascual‐Teresa
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica Facultad de Farmacia Universidad San Pablo CEU 28925 Alcorcón Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100 28034 Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez‐Puyol
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100 28034 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin K, Sang Y, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Meng G. Design and synthesis of a novel series of non-nucleoside HIV-1 inhibitors bearing pyrimidine and N-substituted aromatic piperazine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3491-3495. [PMID: 30318436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of substituted piperazine-1-yl-pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized as a new type of HIV-1 non-nucleoside inhibitors. Various N-substituted aromatic groups were incorporated into the piperazine ring through a simple and practical route to investigate the biological activity of these target compounds against wild-type and resistant strains of HIV-1. All of the target compounds were also evaluated as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors in MT-4 cell cultures. The biological results showed that six of these compounds displayed inhibitory activities against the wild-type strain, among of which 7q and 7t were found to be the two most active analogues possessing EC50 values of 31.50 μM and 3.36 μM, respectively. Molecular modeling studies of 7q provide valuable information for developing new anti-HIV-1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KaiJun Jin
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - YaLi Sang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ge Meng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahjabeen S, Hatipoglu MK, Chandra V, Benbrook DM, Garcia-Contreras L. Optimization of a Vaginal Suppository Formulation to Deliver SHetA2 as a Novel Treatment for Cervical Dysplasia. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:638-646. [PMID: 28989018 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cervical dysplasia induced by the human papilloma virus unpredictably progresses to cervical cancer. Therapeutic options are invasive and affect the patient's quality of life. SHetA2 has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against human and murine human papilloma virus-induced tumors, but its oral bioavailability is <1%. An optimized vaginal suppository formulation can deliver SHetA2 in sufficient doses to prevent cervical dysplasia. The quality by design approach was employed to optimize the suppository formulation consisting of cocoa butter as base with 5% Kolliphor and 40% SHetA2. The suppository had a content uniformity of 105.44 ± 0.42%, melted in <8 min, and had a complete release of SHetA2 in water. Administration of the suppository to mice-achieved cervix concentrations that were significantly higher than the SHetA2 therapeutic concentration, with the maximum concentration (Cmax-cervix = 336.78 μg/g) being more than 100-fold the therapeutic SHetA2 concentration. Furthermore, the levels of cyclin D1 protein decreased 9-fold indicating a correlation of drug concentrations with the pharmacodynamic endpoint. These proof-of-concept studies suggest that the SHetA2 optimized vaginal suppository formulation may have a potential use in the prevention of cervical dysplasia, but detailed efficacy studies are required to confirm this assumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjida Mahjabeen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Manolya K Hatipoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Vishal Chandra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Doris M Benbrook
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Lucila Garcia-Contreras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
das Neves J, Martins JP, Sarmento B. Will dapivirine redeem the promises of anti-HIV microbicides? Overview of product design and clinical testing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:20-32. [PMID: 26732684 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbicides are being developed in order to prevent sexual transmission of HIV. Dapivirine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is one of the leading drug candidates in the field, currently being tested in various dosage forms, namely vaginal rings, gels, and films. In particular, a ring allowing sustained drug release for 1month is in an advanced stage of clinical testing. Two parallel phase III clinical trials are underway in sub-Saharan Africa and results are expected to be released in early 2016. This article overviews the development of dapivirine and its multiple products as potential microbicides, with particular emphasis being placed on clinical evaluation. Also, critical aspects regarding regulatory approval, manufacturing, distribution, and access are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
| | - João Pedro Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sergeyev S, Yadav AK, Franck P, Michiels J, Lewi P, Heeres J, Vanham G, Ariën KK, Vande Velde CML, De Winter H, Maes BUW. 2,6-Di(arylamino)-3-fluoropyridine Derivatives as HIV Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1854-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sergeyev
- Organic
Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Organic
Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Franck
- Organic
Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Michiels
- Virology
Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Lewi
- Shakturana CV, Pater van Mierlostraat
18, 2300 Turnhout, Belgium
| | - Jan Heeres
- Heeres Consulting CV, Leemskuilen
18, 2350 Vosselaar, Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Virology
Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Virology
Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Hans De Winter
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic
Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Current and emerging formulation strategies for the effective transdermal delivery of HIV inhibitors. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:217-29. [PMID: 25690088 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current and emerging formulation strategies for skin permeation are poised to open the transdermal drug delivery to a broader range of small molecule compounds that do not fit the traditional requirements for successful transdermal drug delivery, allowing the development of new patch technologies to deliver antiretroviral drugs that were previously incapable of being delivered through transdermal means. Transdermal drug delivery offers several distinct advantages over traditional dosage forms. Current antiretroviral drugs used for the treatment of HIV infection include a variety of highly active small molecule compounds with significantly limited skin permeability, and thus new and novel means of enhancing transport through the skin are needed. Current and emerging formulation strategies are poised to open the transdermal drug delivery to a broader range of compounds that do not fit the traditional requirements for successful transdermal drug delivery, allowing the development of new patch technologies to deliver antiretroviral drugs that were previously incapable of being delivered through transdermal means. Thus, with continuing research into skin permeability and patch formulation strategies, there is a large potential for antiretroviral transdermal drug delivery.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ham AS, Lustig W, Yang L, Boczar A, Buckheit KW, Buckheit Jr RW. In vitro and ex vivo evaluations on transdermal delivery of the HIV inhibitor IQP-0410. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75306. [PMID: 24058672 PMCID: PMC3776786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and in vitro/ex vivo characteristics of the pyrmidinedione IQP-0410 formulated into transdermal films. IQP-0410 is a potent therapeutic anti-HIV nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that would be subjected to extensive first pass metabolism, through conventional oral administration. Therefore, IQP-0410 was formulated into ethyl cellulose/HPMC-based transdermal films via solvent casting. In mano evaluations were performed to evaluate gross physical characteristics. In vitro release studies were performed in both Franz cells and USP-4 dissolution vessels. Ex vivo release and permeability assays were performed on human epidermal tissue models, and the permeated IQP-0410 was collected for in vitro HIV-1 efficacy assays in CEM-SS cells and PBMCs. Film formulation D3 resulted in pliable, strong transdermal films that were loaded with 2% (w/w) IQP-0410. Composed of 60% (w/w) ethyl cellulose and 20% (w/w) HPMC, the films contained < 1.2% (w/w) of water and were hygroscopic resulting in significant swelling under humid conditions. The water permeable nature of the film resulted in complete in vitro dissolution and drug release in 26 hours. When applied to ex vivo epidermal tissues, the films were non-toxic to the tissue and also were non-toxic to HIV target cells used in the in vitro efficacy assays. Over a 3 day application, the films delivered IQP-0410 through the skin tissue at a zero-order rate of 0.94 ± 0.06 µg/cm2/hr with 134 ± 14.7 µM collected in the basal media. The delivered IQP-0410 resulted in in vitro EC50 values against HIV-1 of 2.56 ± 0.40 nM (CEM-SS) and 0.58 ± 0.03 nM (PBMC). The film formulation demonstrated no significant deviation from target values when packaged in foil pouches under standard and accelerated environmental conditions. It was concluded that the transdermal film formulation was a potentially viable method of administering IQP-0410 that warrants further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Ham
- ImQuest BioSciences Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - William Lustig
- ImQuest BioSciences Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lu Yang
- ImQuest BioSciences Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashlee Boczar
- ImQuest BioSciences Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen W. Buckheit
- ImQuest BioSciences Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
das Neves J, Sarmento B, Amiji M, Bahia MF. Development and validation of a HPLC method for the assay of dapivirine in cell-based and tissue permeability experiments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 911:76-83. [PMID: 23217310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dapivirine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is being currently used for the development of potential anti-HIV microbicide formulations and delivery systems. A new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection was developed for the assay of this drug in different biological matrices, namely cell lysates, receptor media from permeability experiments and homogenates of mucosal tissues. The method used a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase composed of trifluoroacetic acid solution (0.1%, v/v) and acetonitrile in a gradient mode. Injection volume was 50μL and the flow rate 1mL/min. The total run time was 12min and UV detection was performed at 290nm for dapivirine and the internal standard (IS) diphenylamine. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to study different experimental variables of the method, namely the ratio of the mobile phase components and the gradient time, and their influence in responses such as the retention factor, tailing factor, and theoretical plates for dapivirine and the IS, as well as the peak resolution between both compounds. The optimized method was further validated and its usefulness assessed for in vitro and ex vivo experiments using dapivirine or dapivirine-loaded nanoparticles. The method showed to be selective, linear, accurate and precise in the range of 0.02-1.5μg/mL. Other chromatographic parameters, namely carry-over, lower limit of quantification (0.02μg/mL), limit of detection (0.006μg/mL), recovery (equal or higher than 90.7%), and sample stability at different storage conditions, were also determined and found adequate for the intended purposes. The method was successfully used for cell uptake assays and permeability studies across cell monolayers and pig genital mucosal tissues. Overall, the proposed method provides a simple, versatile and reliable way for studying the behavior of dapivirine in different biological matrices and assessing its potential as an anti-HIV microbicide drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, LTF/CICF, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
das Neves J, Michiels J, Ariën KK, Vanham G, Amiji M, Bahia MF, Sarmento B. Polymeric Nanoparticles Affect the Intracellular Delivery, Antiretroviral Activity and Cytotoxicity of the Microbicide Drug Candidate Dapivirine. Pharm Res 2011; 29:1468-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
10
|
Vaginal microbicide gel for delivery of IQP-0528, a pyrimidinedione analog with a dual mechanism of action against HIV-1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:1650-60. [PMID: 21245437 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01368-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidinediones, a novel class of compounds, have previously been shown to possess antiviral activity at nanomolar concentrations. One member of this class of compounds, IQP-0528, was selected as the lead molecule for formulation development owing to its stability at physiologically relevant conditions, wide therapeutic window, and antiviral activity in the nanomolar range. Here, we report the development of two vaginal gels--3.0% hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) formulation and a 0.65% Carbopol formulation--for the sustained delivery of IQP-0528. Stability studies under accelerated conditions confirmed the chemical stability of IQP-0528 and mechanical stability of the gel formulation for 3 months. In vitro release studies revealed that diffusion-controlled release of IQP-0528 occurred over 6 h, with an initial lag time of approximately 1 h. Based on the drug release profile, the 3.0% HEC gel was selected as the lead formulation for safety and activity evaluations. The in vitro and ex vivo safety evaluations showed no significant loss in cell viability or significant inflammatory response after treatment with a 3.0% HEC gel containing 0.25% IQP-0528. In an in vitro HIV-1 entry inhibition assay, the lead formulation showed an 50% effective concentration of 0.14 μg/ml for gel in culture media, which corresponds to ∼0.001 μM IQP-0528. The antiviral activity was further confirmed by using polarized cervical explants, in which the formulation showed complete protection against HIV infection. In summary, these results are encouraging and warrant further evaluation of IQP-0528 gel formulations in in vivo models, as well as the development of alternative formulations for the delivery of IQP-0528 as a microbicide.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang J, Chen HF. Drug resistant mechanism of diaryltriazine analog inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase using molecular dynamics simulation and 3D-QSAR. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 77:63-74. [PMID: 21134218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diaryltriazine inhibitors have highly potent and effective bioactivities for the wild type of HIV-1 reverse transcription. To design new drug of antimutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the mechanism of drug resistance for four types of mutants was revealed. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that Lys101, Leu100, Lys103, Tyr181, and Tyr188 are key residues. Different mutants of key residues may have different interaction modes and lead to different drug resistances. Then, CoMFA and CoMSIA methods were employed to construct 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship models. These models were evaluated by test set compounds. These models can be used to make quantitative prediction of their bioactivities for lead compounds before resorting to in vitro and in vivo experimentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Li
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Doak AK, Wille H, Prusiner SB, Shoichet BK. Colloid formation by drugs in simulated intestinal fluid. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4259-65. [PMID: 20426472 PMCID: PMC2874266 DOI: 10.1021/jm100254w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Many organic molecules form colloidal aggregates in aqueous solution at micromolar concentrations. These aggregates promiscuously inhibit soluble proteins and are a major source of false positives in high-throughput screening. Several drugs also form colloidal aggregates, and there has been speculation that this may affect the absorption and distribution of at least one drug in vivo. Here we investigate the ability of drugs to form aggregates in simulated intestinal fluid. Thirty-three Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II and class IV drugs, spanning multiple pharmacological activities, were tested for promiscuous aggregation in biochemical buffers. The 22 that behaved as aggregators were then tested for colloid formation in simulated intestinal fluid, a buffer mimicking conditions in the small intestine. Six formed colloids at concentrations equal to or lower than the concentrations reached in the gut, suggesting that aggregation may have an effect on the absorption and distribution of these drugs, and potentially others, in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Doak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2550, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Frenkel YV, Gallicchio E, Das K, Levy RM, Arnold E. Molecular dynamics study of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 4-[[4-[[4-[(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl]amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]benzonitrile (TMC278/rilpivirine) aggregates: correlation between amphiphilic properties of the drug and oral bioavailability. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5896-905. [PMID: 19739675 DOI: 10.1021/jm900282z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) TMC278/rilpivirine is an anti-AIDS therapeutic agent with high oral bioavailability despite its high hydrophobicity. Previous studies established a correlation between ability of the drug molecule to form stable, homogeneous populations of spherical nanoparticles (approximately 100-120 nm in diameter) at low pH in surfactant-independent fashion and good oral bioavailability. Here, we hypothesize that the drug is able to assume surfactant-like properties under physiologically relevant conditions, thus facilitating formation of nanostructures in the absence of other surfactants. The results of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations indeed show that protonated drug molecules behave as surfactants at the water/aggregate interface while neutral drug molecules assist aggregate packing via conformational variability. Our simulation results suggest that amphiphilic behavior at low pH and intrinsic flexibility influence drug aggregation and are believed to play critical roles in the favorable oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Richardson HN, Zhao Y, Fekete ÉM, Funk CK, Wirsching P, Janda K, Zorrilla EP, Koob GF. MPZP: a novel small molecule corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1) antagonist. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 88:497-510. [PMID: 18031798 PMCID: PMC3319109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2007] [Revised: 10/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The extrahypothalamic stress peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system is an important regulator of behavioral responses to stress. Dysregulation of CRF and the CRF type 1 receptor (CRF(1)) system is hypothesized to underlie many stress-related disorders. Modulation of the CRF(1) system by non-peptide antagonists currently is being explored as a therapeutic approach for anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence. Here, we describe a new, less hydrophilic (cLogP approximately 2.95), small molecule, non-peptide CRF(1) antagonist with high affinity (K(i)=4.9 nM) and specificity for CRF(1) receptors: N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-amine (MPZP). The compound was systemically administered to adult male rats in two behavioral models dependent on the CRF(1) system: defensive burying (0, 5, 20 mg/kg, n=6-11 for each dose) and alcohol dependence (0, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg, n=8 for each self-administration group). Acute administration of MPZP reduced burying behavior in the defensive burying model of active anxiety-like behavior. MPZP also attenuated withdrawal-induced excessive drinking in the self-administration model of alcohol dependence without affecting nondependent alcohol drinking or water consumption. The present findings support the proposed significance of the CRF(1) system in anxiety and alcohol dependence and introduce a promising new compound for further development in the treatment of alcohol dependence and stress-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather N. Richardson
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA
| | - Éva M. Fekete
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA
- Institute of Physiology, Pécs University Medical School, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Cindy K. Funk
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, France
| | - Peter Wirsching
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA
| | - Kim Janda
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA
| | - Eric P. Zorrilla
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA
- Harold L. Dorris Neurological Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA
| | - George F. Koob
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The medicinal chemistry of the DATA and DAPY series of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1075-8593(06)05006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
16
|
Frenkel YV, Clark AD, Das K, Wang YH, Lewi PJ, Janssen PAJ, Arnold E. Concentration and pH dependent aggregation of hydrophobic drug molecules and relevance to oral bioavailability. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1974-83. [PMID: 15771441 DOI: 10.1021/jm049439i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have examined selected physicochemical properties of compounds from the diaryltriazine/diarylpyrimidine (DATA/DAPY) classes of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and explored possible correlations with their bioavailability. In simple aqueous solutions designed to mimic the gastrointestinal (GI) environment of a fasting individual, all NNRTIs demonstrated formation of aggregates as detected by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Under various conditions mimicking physiological transitions in the GI environment, aggregate size distributions were shown to depend on compound concentration and pH. NNRTIs with good absorption were capable of forming aggregates with hydrodynamic radii of </=100 nm at higher concentrations and over wide ranges of pH, while poorly absorbed inhibitors form aggregates with radii of >/=250 nm at concentrations above 0.01 mM, probably representing precipitate. We propose a model in which the uptake rate into systemic circulation depends on having hydrophobic drug aggregates of appropriate size available for absorption at different locations within the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Volovik Frenkel
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Janssen PAJ, Lewi PJ, Arnold E, Daeyaert F, de Jonge M, Heeres J, Koymans L, Vinkers M, Guillemont J, Pasquier E, Kukla M, Ludovici D, Andries K, de Béthune MP, Pauwels R, Das K, Clark AD, Frenkel YV, Hughes SH, Medaer B, De Knaep F, Bohets H, De Clerck F, Lampo A, Williams P, Stoffels P. In search of a novel anti-HIV drug: multidisciplinary coordination in the discovery of 4-[[4-[[4-[(1E)-2-cyanoethenyl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl]amino]-2- pyrimidinyl]amino]benzonitrile (R278474, rilpivirine). J Med Chem 2005; 48:1901-9. [PMID: 15771434 DOI: 10.1021/jm040840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ideally, an anti-HIV drug should (1) be highly active against wild-type and mutant HIV without allowing breakthrough; (2) have high oral bioavailability and long elimination half-life, allowing once-daily oral treatment at low doses; (3) have minimal adverse effects; and (4) be easy to synthesize and formulate. R278474, a new diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), appears to meet these criteria and to be suitable for high compliance oral treatment of HIV-1 infection. The discovery of R278474 was the result of a coordinated multidisciplinary effort involving medicinal chemists, virologists, crystallographers, molecular modelers, toxicologists, analytical chemists, pharmacists, and many others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A J Janssen
- Center for Molecular Design, Janssen Pharmaceutica, B-2350 Vosselaar, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|