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Khan MAS, Islam Z, Shah ST, Rahman SR. Characterization of biofilm formation and multi-drug resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:825-834. [PMID: 38822462 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater has been identified as a hotspot for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that present a serious threat to public health. Therefore, we investigated the current status of antibiotic resistance as well as the phenotypic and genotypic basis of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The disc diffusion method and the crystal violet assay were performed to characterize antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, respectively. Biofilm and integron-associated genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics, in which >80% of isolates showed sensitivity to meropenem, amikacin, and gentamicin. The results indicated that 93.82% of isolates were MDR and 71 out of 76 MDR isolates showed biofilm formation activities. We observed the high prevalence of biofilm-related genes, in which algD+pelF+pslD+ (82.7%) was found to be the prevalent biofilm genotypic pattern. Sixteen isolates (19.75%) possessed class 1 integron (int1) genes. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant association between biofilm formation and multidrug resistance (χ2 = 0.35, P = 0.55). Taken together, hospital wastewater in Dhaka city may act as a reservoir for MDR and biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa, and therefore, the adequate treatment of wastewater is recommended to reduce the occurrence of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Md Abu Sayem Khan and Zahidul Islam contributed equally to this study
| | - Zahidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Md Abu Sayem Khan and Zahidul Islam contributed equally to this study
| | - Sm Tanjil Shah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Banu S, Alva S, Prabhu PJ, Krishnan S, Mani MK. Detection of non-ribosomal and polyketide biosynthetic genes in bacteria from green mud crab Scylla serrata gut microbiome and their antagonistic activities. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 5:100104. [PMID: 38162954 PMCID: PMC10755817 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-modular enzyme complexes known as non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthetases (PKSs) have been widely reported in bacteria that produce secondary bioactive metabolites such as non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) and polyketides (PKs), respectively. These NRPS/PKS pathways contribute to synthesizing several antibiotics, such as vancomycin, rifamycin, and bleomycin, which are vital in human medicine. The present study aimed to isolate gut-associated bacteria from mud crab Scylla serrata, and detect NRPS and PKS gene clusters associated with it. This study included 36 bacterial isolates from five mud crab gut samples. Biosynthetic gene clusters (NRPS and PKS), were detected by PCR using degenerative primers specific to these genes. Three isolates (FKP2-4, FKP4-1, and FKP2-16) were positive for NRPS and two for PKS (FKP2-4 and FKP4-1) genes. The isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequenced. In silico analysis of the sequences using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) identified the isolates FKP2-4, FKP4-1, and FKP2-16 as Acinetobacter variabilis, Vagococcus fluvialis, and Staphylococcus arlettae, respectively, after comparing with the existing sequences available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Compared to the control, it was observed that these isolates exhibited intriguing antagonistic activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. However, these isolates failed to show significant activity against Candida albicans. Exopolysaccharide production by the isolated organisms was tested using Zobell marine agar (ZMA) with 5% sucrose, but none of the colonies were mucoid or slimy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabreen Banu
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Shivakiran Alva
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Prathiksha J. Prabhu
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Sreedharan Krishnan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Lahli, Via Anwal, Rohtak, Haryana 124411, India
| | - Madhu K. Mani
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
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Mtengai K, Ramasamy S, Msimuko P, Mzula A, Mwega ED. Existence of a novel heavy metal-tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Zambia SZK-17 Kabwe 1: the potential bioremediation agent in the heavy metal-contaminated area. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:887. [PMID: 36239813 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biomass may serve as an important environmental cleaning agent to toxic heavy metal ions at the expense of chemical processes which are not environmentally friendly. This study aimed at characterizing bacterial agents which could serve as a potential in situ bioremediation agent at the site of isolation. The characterization was performed using both phenotypic and molecular approaches. A novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa Zambia SZK17 Kabwe1 was successfully isolated, identified, and characterized. The strain showed a promising tolerance to heavy metals such as copper (2 mM), zinc, nickel (2 mM), cobalt (1 mM), and cadmium (0.5 mM) at the laboratory level. The bacterium has shown the bioaccumulation of at least 60% of copper (II) sulfate (0.3655 mg/l) with R = 69.75%, cadmium (II) chloride (0.0241 mg/l) with R = 69.98%, zinc (II) chloride (0.1389 mg/l) with R = 69.91%, nickel (II) chloride (0.1155 mg/l) with R = 69.92%, and cobalt (II) chloride (0.593 mg/l) with R = 69.92%. The highest bioaccumulation has been observed in heavy metals cadmium, zinc, nickel, and cobalt. Characterization of the bacterium on pH has revealed that at a very high pH (≥ 9) and lower (≤ 5.5) pH, the bacterium tended to have reduced growth with optimum growth at pH 8. The high temperature at around 40 °C had a negative effect on the growth performance of the bacterium while optimum growth was observed at 28 °C. This novel P. aeruginosa strain has shown the phenotypic attributes to become a potential bioremediation agent; however, further investigation needs to be done to understand the genes and or molecular mechanisms that drive their tolerance to multiple heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Mtengai
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
- The Copperbelt University-Africa Center of Excellence for Sustainable Mining (CBU-ACESM), The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Subbaiya Ramasamy
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Peter Msimuko
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Alexanda Mzula
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Elisa Daniel Mwega
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
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