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Santos PVS, Libânio M, Teixeira MC. Chitosan in the treatment of mine spoil rainwater - An approach to protect the aquatic biota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168900. [PMID: 38016551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The mining industry suppresses vegetation, exposing large soil areas in its ordinary operation. Water pollution and turbidity are caused by the carrying of solids, mainly colloidal particles, to the watercourses due to the effect of rainfall events. Therefore, the discharge of those effluents will lead to failure with watercourse quality parameters. Thus, there is a need to treat drainages (rainwaters) from the mining industry. However, using common coagulants and flocculants can result in acute or chronic ecotoxicity for aquatic biota. In this scenario, this research aimed to evaluate using a natural coagulant, the biopolymer Chitosan, to remove turbidity from mining industry spoiled water through bio-coagulation. The ecotoxicity of the natural coagulant was compared to the commonly used coagulants. For this purpose, we used synthetic rainwater (SRW) from the dispersion of fine (colloidal) particles in natural waters. Materials (water and soil) were collected in the mining area's sumps (sedimentation basins). The turbidity of the produced SRW ranged from between 500 and 4000 NTU. Jar Tests using Chitosan (CTS), polyaluminum chloride (PAC®12), and Superfloc®N100 variable doses were carried out to compare the effects of the coagulating/flocculating agents on the SRW turbidity reduction. The obtained results demonstrated the efficiency of CHS on turbidity reduction. The results were encouraging for low turbidity samples (<1000 NTU), making it possible to meet the limit parameters recommended by the Brazilian legislation. In addition, it was possible to conclude both CHS and the effluents treated with this coagulant have lower toxicity to aquatic biota than the combination of PAC®12 and Superfloc®N100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vinícius Silva Santos
- Environmental Engineering Graduating Program, Mining School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35402-206 Ouro Preto, M.G., Brazil; Environmental Management, Samarco Mining (SAMARCO), PO box 22, 35420-970 Mariana, M.G., Brazil; Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - Marcelo Libânio
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - Mônica Cristina Teixeira
- Environmental Engineering Graduating Program, Mining School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35402-206 Ouro Preto, M.G., Brazil; Department of Pharmacy - School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35402-206 Ouro Preto, M.G., Brazil.
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Ke CL, Deng FS, Chuang CY, Lin CH. Antimicrobial Actions and Applications of Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:904. [PMID: 33804268 PMCID: PMC7998239 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally originating product that can be applied in many areas due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxic properties. The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of chitosan offers great commercial potential for this product. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial activity of chitosan varies, because this activity is associated with its physicochemical characteristics and depends on the type of microorganism. In this review article, the fundamental properties, modes of antimicrobial action, and antimicrobial effects-related factors of chitosan are discussed. We further summarize how microorganisms genetically respond to chitosan. Finally, applications of chitosan-based biomaterials, such as nanoparticles and films, in combination with current clinical antibiotics or antifungal drugs, are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (F.-S.D.); (C.-Y.C.)
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Zhang Z, Jing R, He S, Qian J, Zhang K, Ma G, Chang X, Zhang M, Li Y. Coagulation of low temperature and low turbidity water: Adjusting basicity of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and using chitosan as coagulant aid. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Yang R, Li H, Huang M, Yang H, Li A. A review on chitosan-based flocculants and their applications in water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 95:59-89. [PMID: 26986497 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of chitosan and its derivatives as flocculants in water treatment has received considerable attention due to their many advantages, including their widespread availability, environmental friendliness, biodegradability, and prominent structural features. However, it is a significant strategy for selection and design of the high-performance materials on the basis of their structure-activity relationships. Here we describe several of the chemical modification methods commonly used to prepare chitosan-based flocculants. These methods allow convenient control and adjustment of the structures of the obtained materials to meet the different practical requirements. The influence of structural elements of the chitosan-based flocculants on their flocculation properties are emphasized in this review by examining different flocculation mechanisms and their applications in the treatment of various wastewaters containing different pollutants (insoluble suspended colloids but also dissolved matters). Above all, the chitosan-based flocculants with proper structures by precise structure control bear great application potentials in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Haijiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Hu CY, Lo SL, Chang CL, Chen FL, Wu YD, Ma JL. Treatment of highly turbid water using chitosan and aluminum salts. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Duri S, El-Zahab B, Tran CD. Polysaccharide Ecocomposite Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Removal of Pollutants and Bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [PMID: 26203313 DOI: 10.1149/05011.0573ecst] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple and totally recyclable method has been developed for the synthesis of nontoxic, biocompatible and biodegradable composite materials from cellulose and chitosan. In this method, [BMIm+Cl-], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a solvent to dissolve and synthesize the [CEL+CS] composite materials. Since the IL can be removed from the materials by washing them with water, and recovered from the washed solution, the method is totally recyclable. XRD, FTIR, NIR and SEM were used to characterize the materials and to confirm that CEL and CS were successfully regenerated by the method without any chemical transformation. More importantly, we have successfully demonstrated that [CEL+CS] material can serve as an effective adsorbent for removal of various endocrine disruptors including polychlorophenols and bisphenol A. This is because the composites have combined advantages of their components, namely superior chemical stability and mechanical stability (from CEL) and excellent adsorption capability for pollutants (from CS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Duri
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881
| | - Bilal El-Zahab
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881
| | - Chieu D Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881
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Ali SA, Pal S, Singh RP. Flocculation performance of modified chitosan in an aqueous suspension. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Grinevicius VMAS, Geremias R, Laus R, Bettega KF, Laranjeiras MCM, Fávere VT, Wilhelm Filho D, Pedrosa RC. Textile effluents induce biomarkers of acute toxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 57:307-314. [PMID: 19052797 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-008-9263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work consists of a comparative evaluation of the toxicity of a nonremediated textile effluent (NRTE) with an effluent remediated by a pulverized chitosan system (RCTS) or by a conventional effluent process (remediated biologic and physico-chemical effluent [RBPC]). Acute toxicity assays, oxidative stress biomarkers, physico-chemical parameters, and genotoxicity indices were analyzed to achieve the toxicity of all effluents. After RCTS treatment, approximately 80% of dyes were removed, together with a significant decreased of the metal content, compared with a relatively increase in metal content after RBPC treatment. RBPC and RCTS treatments did not cause acute toxicity to Vibrio fischeri and Artemia sp., whereas RBPC caused acute toxicity to Daphnia magna but RCTS did not. Compared with NRTE, chitosan remediation decreased oxidative stress biomarkers, such as the contents of lipoperoxidation (measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS], 29.9%) and the reduced form of glutathione (GSH; 73.5%) levels in D. rerio, whereas animals exposed to RBPC showed enhanced TBARS (57.2%) and decreased GSH concentrations (56.4%). RCTS and RBPC remediation elicited catalase activity induction (161.8% and 127.3%, respectively) compared with NRTE. Accordingly, DNA fragmentation and micronucleus frequency in D. rerio decreased after remediation with RBPC or RCTS compared with NRTE, but RCTS treatment was more effective than RBPC in decreasing genotoxicity (90.5% and 73.8% decrease in DNA fragmentation and 67.8% and 50.4% decrease in micronucleus frequency, respectively). The results indicate that chitosan adsorption system is a useful tool for textile effluent remediation compared with the conventional remediation by biologic and physico-chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdelúcia M A S Grinevicius
- Experimental Biochemistry Laboratory-LABIOEX, Biochemistry Department, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Droppo IG, Exall K, Stafford K. Effects of chemical amendments on aquatic floc structure, settling and strength. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:169-179. [PMID: 17920652 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using a shear-cell/flow-cell combination integrated with an inverted microscope, the behaviour of Hamilton Harbour sediments was studied mixed with three different amendments: alum, chitosan (both coagulants) and a polyacrylamide (a flocculant). Samples from the shear cell were drawn into the flow cell, where floc structure and size were assessed throughout the floc formation and breakage stages using computer image analysis. Settling velocity, density and porosity were also assessed, with results suggesting that amendment addition may be an effective method for the management of high-turbidity environments, provided there are no toxicological effects. In an assessment of performance, it was found that the polyacrylamide flocculant showed the greatest promise in reducing turbidity levels as it produced the largest flocs with the highest settling velocity. Although more prone to break-up, these flocs still remained larger than those formed with alum or chitosan at the same shear. All flocs, regardless of amendment, broke up due to a fracture mechanism rather than by microscale erosion. By improving our understanding of how these amendments may influence floc properties and behaviours, more effective management tools may be developed for the remediation and control of high-turbidity aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Droppo
- National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
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