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Pei H, Shao Y, Chanway CP, Hu W, Meng P, Li Z, Chen Y, Ma G. Bioaugmentation in a pilot-scale constructed wetland to treat domestic wastewater in summer and autumn. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7776-7785. [PMID: 26755174 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine whether bioaugmentation is an effective technique in wetlands before the plants were harvested, the nitrogen (N) removal from a constructed wetland (CW) planted with Phragmites was evaluated after inoculating with Paenibacillus sp. XP1 in Northern China. The experiment was loaded with secondary effluent of rural domestic wastewater (RDW) using the batch-loaded method for over a 17-day period in summer and autumn. Chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total nitrogen (TN) decreased significantly in the CW with Phragmites inoculated with Paenibacillus sp. XP1. Four days after treatments were set up, the removal efficiencies were found to be 76.2 % for CODcr, 83 % for NH3-N, and 63.8 % for TN in summer and 69.5 % for CODcr, 76.9 % for NH3-N, and 55.6 % for TN in autumn, which were higher than the control group without inoculation during the entire 17-day experiment. The inoculated bacteria did not have a noticeable effect on total phosphorus (TP) removal in autumn. However, bioaugmentation still keep a low P concentration in the whole CW. First-order kinetic model represented well the CODcr, TN, and TP decay in CWs with bioaugmentation, resulting in very good coefficients of determination, which ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. It indicated that bioaugmentation would be an effective treatment for pollutant removal from RDW in the CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250061, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, 250061, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250061, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher Peter Chanway
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 248-2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenrong Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250061, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, 250061, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250061, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250061, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250061, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxiang Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250061, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Coban O, Kuschk P, Kappelmeyer U, Spott O, Martienssen M, Jetten MSM, Knoeller K. Nitrogen transforming community in a horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 74:203-212. [PMID: 25744184 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands are important ecosystems with respect to nitrogen cycling. Here we studied the activity and abundance of nitrogen transforming bacteria as well as the spatial distribution of nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and denitrification processes in a horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland. The functional genes of the nitrogen cycle were evenly distributed in a linear way along the flow path with prevalence at the superficial points. The same trend was observed for the nitrification and denitrification turnover rates using isotope labeling techniques. It was also shown that only short-term incubations should be used to measure denitrification turnover rates. Significant nitrate consumption under aerobic conditions diminishes nitrification rates and should therefore be taken into account when estimating nitrification turnover rates. This nitrate consumption was due to aerobic denitrification, the rate of which was comparable to that for anaerobic denitrification. Consequently, denitrification should not be considered as an exclusively anaerobic process. Phylogenetic analysis of hydrazine synthase (hzsA) gene clones indicated the presence of Brocadia and Kuenenia anammox species in the constructed wetland. Although anammox bacteria were detected by molecular methods, anammox activity could not be measured and hence this process appears to be of low importance in nitrogen transformations in these freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Coban
- Department of Catchment Hydrology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Peter Kuschk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Kappelmeyer
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Spott
- Department of Soil Physics, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Marion Martienssen
- Department of Biotechnology for Water Treatment, BTU-Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kay Knoeller
- Department of Catchment Hydrology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Nimkar PA, Kolekar N, Tandon SA, Kumar R. Methane emission potential and increased efficiency of a phytoremediation system bioaugmented with Bacillus firmus XJSL 1-10. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2012; 14:845-853. [PMID: 22908649 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.628717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland mesocosms (HSSCW) designed to treat municipal waste water were bioaugmented with Bacillus firmus XJSL 1-10. The efficiencies of the three HSSCW mesocosms (non-vegetated HSSCW, Schoenoplectus validus HSSCW and Bambusa vulgaris HSSCW) were assessed. Bioaugmentation not only enhanced the efficiency of the phytoremediation system but also reduced methane emission from an average of 51.3 mg/m2/d to 21.6 mg/m2/d in Schoenoplectus validus HSSCW and from an average of 1708 mg/m2/d to 1473 mg/m2/d in Bambusa vulgaris HSSCW. Each of the three types of bioaugmented HSSCWs showed higher purification efficiency with respect to the removal of BOD and NH4-N than the non-bioaugmented HSSCWs. The performance enhancement was most significant in bioaugmented Schoenoplectus validus HSSCW mesocosm with 48.8 and 44.8% lower BOD, and NH4-N, respectively than the non-bioaugmented HSSCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi A Nimkar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Dr. A. B. Road, Worli, Mumbai, India
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Clifford E, Nielsen M, Sørensen K, Rodgers M. Nitrogen dynamics and removal in a horizontal flow biofilm reactor for wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:3819-3828. [PMID: 20537672 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A horizontal flow biofilm reactor (HFBR) designed for the treatment of synthetic wastewater (SWW) was studied to examine the spatial distribution and dynamics of nitrogen transformation processes. Detailed analyses of bulk water and biomass samples, giving substrate and proportions of ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) gradients in the HFBR, were carried out using chemical analyses, sensor rate measurements and molecular techniques. Based on these results, proposals for the design of HFBR systems are presented. The HFBR comprised a stack of 60 polystyrene sheets with 10-mm deep frustums. SWW was intermittently dosed at two points, Sheets 1 and 38, in a 2 to 1 volume ratio respectively. Removals of 85.7% COD, 97.4% 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) and 61.7% TN were recorded during the study. In the nitrification zones of the HFBR, which were separated by a step-feed zone, little variation in nitrification activity was found, despite decreasing in situ ammonia concentrations. The results further indicate significant simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) activity in the nitrifying zones of the HFBR. Sensor measurements showed a linear increase in potential nitrification rates at temperatures between 7 and 16 degrees C, and similar rates of nitrification were measured at concentrations between 1 and 20mg NH(4)-N/l. These results can be used to optimise HFBR reactor design. The HFBR technology could provide an alternative, low maintenance, economically efficient system for carbon and nitrogen removal for low flow wastewater discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clifford
- Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Zhu G, Jetten MSM, Kuschk P, Ettwig KF, Yin C. Potential roles of anaerobic ammonium and methane oxidation in the nitrogen cycle of wetland ecosystems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 86:1043-55. [PMID: 20195861 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and anaerobic methane oxidation (ANME coupled to denitrification) with nitrite as electron acceptor are two of the most recent discoveries in the microbial nitrogen cycle. Currently the anammox process has been relatively well investigated in a number of natural and man-made ecosystems, while ANME coupled to denitrification has only been observed in a limited number of freshwater ecosystems. The ubiquitous presence of anammox bacteria in marine ecosystems has changed our knowledge of the global nitrogen cycle. Up to 50% of N(2) production in marine sediments and oxygen-depleted zones may be attributed to anammox bacteria. However, there are only few indications of anammox in natural and constructed freshwater wetlands. In this paper, the potential role of anammox and denitrifying methanotrophic bacteria in natural and artificial wetlands is discussed in relation to global warming. The focus of the review is to explore and analyze if suitable environmental conditions exist for anammox and denitrifying methanotrophic bacteria in nitrogen-rich freshwater wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Quality, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Nurk K, Zaytsev I, Talpsep I, Truu J, Mander U. Bioaugmentation in a newly established LECA-based horizontal flow soil filter reduces the adaptation period and enhances denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:6284-6289. [PMID: 19692236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of enhancing the denitrification of a newly established LECA-based horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) soil filter receiving pretreated wastewater from a vertical flow filter was studied. The pilot-scale experiment offers evidence regarding the survival and reproduction of introduced microbes taken from an LECA-based HSSF constructed wetland (CW) that has similar internal conditions, after bioaugmentation into newly established LECA-based HSSF CW mesocosms. Bioaugmentation resulted in a trend towards higher and more stable denitrification in the supplemented mesocosms during the nearly half-year study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Nurk
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., Tartu 51014, Estonia.
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Paredes D, Kuschk P, Köser H. Influence of Plants and Organic Matter on the Nitrogen Removal in Laboratory-Scale Model Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands Inoculated with Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidizing Bacteria. Eng Life Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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