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Liu S, Li Y, Wei X, Adi D, Wang YT, Han M, Liu F, Chen BD, Li XM, Yang YN, Fu ZY, Ma YT. Genetic analysis of DNA methylation in dyslipidemia: a case-control study. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14590. [PMID: 36570009 PMCID: PMC9774006 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease has become the leading cause of death in developed countries, and dyslipidemia is closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia is caused by the abnormal regulation of several genes and signaling pathways, and dyslipidemia is influenced mainly by genetic variation. AMFR, FBXW7, INSIG1, INSIG2, and MBTPS1 genes are associated with lipid metabolism. In a recent GWAS study, the GRINA gene has been reported to be associated with dyslipidemia, but its molecular mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated. The correlation between the DNA methylation of these genes and lipid metabolism has not been studied. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the DNA methylation of these genes and the risk of dyslipidemia by comparing the methylation levels of dyslipidemia and control samples. Methods A case-control research method was used in this study. The patient's blood samples were collected at the Heart Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. In the Xinjiang Han population, 100 cases of hyperlipidemia and 80 cases of the control group were selected. The two groups were age and gender-matched. Quantitative methylation analysis of CpG sites in the gene promoter regions of six genes was performed by Solexa high-throughput sequencing. Results The DNA methylation levels of 23 CpG sites in six genes were shown to be associated with hyperlipidemia, and a total of 20 DNA methylation haplotypes showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. When compared with the control group, the dyslipidemia group had significantly higher levels of methylation in the GRINA gene (2.68 vs 2.36, P = 0.04). Additionally, we also discovered a significant methylation haplotype of GRINA (P = 0.017). Conclusion The findings of this study reveal that the DNA methylation of GRINA increases the risk for dyslipidemia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Yang Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xian Wei
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilare Adi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Yong-Tao Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Min Han
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Fen Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Fu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
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Jacob P, Benowitz NL, Destaillats H, Gundel L, Hang B, Martins-Green M, Matt GE, Quintana PJE, Samet JM, Schick SF, Talbot P, Aquilina NJ, Hovell MF, Mao JH, Whitehead TP. Thirdhand Smoke: New Evidence, Challenges, and Future Directions. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:270-294. [PMID: 28001376 PMCID: PMC5501723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the contamination that persists after secondhand tobacco smoke has been emitted into air. It refers to the tobacco-related gases and particles that become embedded in materials, such as the carpet, walls, furniture, blankets, and toys. THS is not strictly smoke, but chemicals that adhere to surfaces from which they can be released back into the air, undergo chemical transformations and/or accumulate. Currently, the hazards of THS are not as well documented as the hazards of secondhand smoke (SHS). In this Perspective, we describe the distribution and chemical changes that occur as SHS is transformed into THS, studies of environmental contamination by THS, human exposure studies, toxicology studies using animal models and in vitro systems, possible approaches for avoiding exposure, remediation of THS contamination, and priorities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Jacob
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental herapeutics, Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Neal L. Benowitz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, Departments of Medicine, and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Hugo Destaillats
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lara Gundel
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bo Hang
- Biological Systems & Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside 92521, United States
| | - Georg E. Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Penelope J. E. Quintana
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Samet
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
| | - Suzaynn F. Schick
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Prue Talbot
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside 92521, United States
| | - Noel J. Aquilina
- Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Melbourne F. Hovell
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems & Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Todd P. Whitehead
- The Center or Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 94704, United States
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for acute coronary thrombosis. In fact, both active/first-hand smoke and passive/second-hand smoke exposure are known to increase the risk of coronary thrombosis. Although recently a new risk has been identified and termed third-hand smoke (THS), which is the residual tobacco smoke contaminant that remains after a cigarette is extinguished, it remains to be determined whether it can also enhance the risk of thrombogenesis, much like first-hand smoke and second-hand smoke. Therefore, the present studies investigated the impact of THS exposure in the context of platelet biology and related disease states. It was found that THS-exposed mice exhibited an enhanced platelet aggregation and secretion responses as well as enhanced integrin GPIIb-IIIa activation. Furthermore, it was found that THS exposure shortens the tail bleeding time and the occlusion time in a model of thrombosis. Thus, our data demonstrate for the first time (at least in mice) that THS exposure increases the risk of thrombosis-based disease states, which is attributed, at least in part, to their hyperactive platelets.
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Martins-Green M, Adhami N, Frankos M, Valdez M, Goodwin B, Lyubovitsky J, Dhall S, Garcia M, Egiebor I, Martinez B, Green HW, Havel C, Yu L, Liles S, Matt G, Destaillats H, Sleiman M, Gundel LA, Benowitz N, Jacob P, Hovell M, Winickoff JP, Curras-Collazo M. Cigarette smoke toxins deposited on surfaces: implications for human health. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86391. [PMID: 24489722 PMCID: PMC3906039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains a significant health threat for smokers and nonsmokers alike. Secondhand smoke (SHS) is intrinsically more toxic than directly inhaled smoke. Recently, a new threat has been discovered - Thirdhand smoke (THS) - the accumulation of SHS on surfaces that ages with time, becoming progressively more toxic. THS is a potential health threat to children, spouses of smokers and workers in environments where smoking is or has been allowed. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of THS on liver, lung, skin healing, and behavior, using an animal model exposed to THS under conditions that mimic exposure of humans. THS-exposed mice show alterations in multiple organ systems and excrete levels of NNAL (a tobacco-specific carcinogen biomarker) similar to those found in children exposed to SHS (and consequently to THS). In liver, THS leads to increased lipid levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a precursor to cirrhosis and cancer and a potential contributor to cardiovascular disease. In lung, THS stimulates excess collagen production and high levels of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting propensity for fibrosis with implications for inflammation-induced diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. In wounded skin, healing in THS-exposed mice has many characteristics of the poor healing of surgical incisions observed in human smokers. Lastly, behavioral tests show that THS-exposed mice become hyperactive. The latter data, combined with emerging associated behavioral problems in children exposed to SHS/THS, suggest that, with prolonged exposure, they may be at significant risk for developing more severe neurological disorders. These results provide a basis for studies on the toxic effects of THS in humans and inform potential regulatory policies to prevent involuntary exposure to THS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Neema Adhami
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Frankos
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Mathew Valdez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Goodwin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Julia Lyubovitsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Sandeep Dhall
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Monika Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Ivie Egiebor
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Bethanne Martinez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Harry W. Green
- Graduate Division, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Havel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Yu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sandy Liles
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Georg Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hugo Destaillats
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Sleiman
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Gundel
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Neal Benowitz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Melbourne Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Winickoff
- MGH Center for Child & Adolescent Health Research and Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Margarita Curras-Collazo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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Apolipoprotein A5 T-1131C variant and risk for metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents. Gene 2014; 534:44-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yilmaz-Aydogan H, Kurnaz O, Kucukhuseyin O, Akadam-Teker B, Kurt O, Eronat AP, Tekeli A, Bugra Z, Ozturk O. Different effects of PPARA, PPARG and ApoE SNPs on serum lipids in patients with coronary heart disease based on the presence of diabetes. Gene 2013; 523:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cheng J, Krausz KW, Tanaka N, Gonzalez FJ. Chronic exposure to rifaximin causes hepatic steatosis in pregnane X receptor-humanized mice. Toxicol Sci 2012; 129:456-68. [PMID: 22790967 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifaximin, a nonsystemic antibiotic that exhibits low gastrointestinal absorption, is a potent agonist of human pregnane X receptor (PXR), which contributes to its therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease. To investigate the effects of long-term administration of rifaximin on the liver, PXR-humanized mice were administered rifaximin for 6 months; wild-type and Pxr-null mice were treated in parallel as controls. Histological analysis revealed time-dependent intense hepatocellular fatty degeneration and increased hepatic triglycerides in PXR-humanized mice and not in wild-type and Pxr-null mice. After long-term treatment, PXR target genes were induced in small intestine and liver, with significant up-regulation in the expression of hepatic genes related to triglyceride synthesis and lipid accumulation. However, no significant hepatic accumulation of rifaximin was found, even after 6 months of treatment, in PXR-humanized mice. Genes in the small intestine that are involved in the uptake of fatty acids and triglycerides were induced along with increased triglyceride accumulation in intestinal epithelial cells of PXR-humanized mice; this was not observed in wild-type and Pxr-null mice. These findings suggest that long-term administration of rifaximin could lead to PXR-dependent hepatocellular fatty degeneration as a result of activation of genes involved in lipid uptake, thus indicating a potential adverse effect of rifaximin on liver function after long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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AT1 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in relation to Postprandial Lipemia. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:271030. [PMID: 21941658 PMCID: PMC3176427 DOI: 10.1155/2012/271030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Recent data suggest that the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in triglyceride (TG) metabolism. We explored the effect of the common A1166C and C573T polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene on postprandial lipemia.Methods. Eighty-two subjects measured daytime capillary TG, and postprandial lipemia was estimated as incremental area under the TG curve. The C573T and A1166C polymorphisms of the AT1R gene were determined.Results. Postprandial lipemia was significantly higher in homozygous carriers of the 1166-C allele (9.39±8.36 mM*h/L) compared to homozygous carriers of the 1166-A allele (2.02±6.20 mM*h/L) (P<0.05). Postprandial lipemia was similar for the different C573T polymorphisms.Conclusion. The 1166-C allele of the AT1R gene seems to be associated with increased postprandial lipemia. These data confirm the earlier described relationships between the renin-angiotensin axis and triglyceride metabolism.
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Garcia-Rios A, Perez-Martinez P, Delgado-Lista J, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F. Nutrigenetics of the lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:171-83. [PMID: 22121097 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that lipid metabolism is a cornerstone in the development of the commonest important chronic diseases worldwide, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, or metabolic syndrome. In this regard, the area of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism is one of the areas in which the understanding of the development and progression of those metabolic disorders has been studied in greater depth. Thus, growing evidence has demonstrated that while universal recommendations might be appropriate for the general population, in this area there is great variability among individuals, related to a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Moreover, the interaction between genetic and dietary components has helped in understanding this variability. Therefore, with further study into the interaction between the most important genetic markers or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and diet, it may be possible to understand the variability in lipid metabolism, which could lead to an increase in the use of personalized nutrition as the best support to combat metabolic disorders. This review discusses some of the evidence in which candidate SNPs can affect the key players of lipid metabolism and how their phenotypic manifestations can be modified by dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos, Córdoba, Spain
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