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Liu H, Shen L, Zhao H, Yang J, Huang D. Parkinson's disease patients combined with constipation tend to have higher serum expression of microRNA 29c, prominent neuropsychiatric disorders, possible RBD conversion, and a substandard quality of life. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3141-3150. [PMID: 37067722 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The symptom of constipation has been confirmed as an early diagnose criteria for Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, evidences suggest that pathogenesis of PD initiates in gut, rather than brain. If so, identifying biomarkers for constipation in PD might have potentials to assist early diagnosis and initial treatment. METHOD We first identified that microRNA 29c (miR-29c) was dysregulated both in PD and constipation patients through bioinformatics analysis. Then, serological analysis of the expression of miR-29c in 67 PD patients with constipation (PD-C), 51 PD patients without constipation (PD-NC), and 50 healthy controls (HC) was carried out by qPCR. Demographic and clinical features were also compared. Patients in PD-C group were further classified into two groups: those with prodromal stage constipation (PD-C-Pro) (n = 36) and those with clinical stage constipation (PD-C-Clinic) (n = 31), to explore their different characteristics. RESULTS The levels of miR-29c in PD-C group were higher than that in PD-NC group, both higher than HC group. PD-C-Pro group's miR-29c levels were statistically higher compared with PD-C-Clinic group's. What is more, PD-C group had higher scores of MDS-UPDRS-I, NMSS, NMSS3, NMSS4, NMSS6, NMSS9, SCOPA-AUT, HAMD, HAMA, RBDSQ, CSS, and PACQOL compared with PD-NC party. Relative to the PD-C-Clinic, patients in PD-C-Pro group had higher MDS-UPDRS-I, NMSS, NMSS3, HAMD, and HAMA scores, and were more likely to have RBD. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that miR-29c seems to be an underlying cause for developing constipation in patients with PD and PD-C identifies a group of patients with more severe non-motor impairment, prominent neuropsychiatric disorders, and possible RBD conversion as well as a substandard quality of life. We further confirmed that there is a close relationship between symptoms representing the same pathological origin, especially constipation and RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Haonan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
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Wang R, Chopra N, Nho K, Maloney B, Obukhov AG, Nelson PT, Counts SE, Lahiri DK. Human microRNA (miR-20b-5p) modulates Alzheimer's disease pathways and neuronal function, and a specific polymorphism close to the MIR20B gene influences Alzheimer's biomarkers. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1256-1273. [PMID: 35087196 PMCID: PMC9054681 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with loss of cognitive, executive, and other mental functions, and is the most common form of age-related dementia. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) contributes to the etiology and progression of the disease. Aβ is derived from the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP). Multiple microRNA (miRNA) species are also implicated in AD. We report that human hsa-miR20b-5p (miR-20b), produced from the MIR20B gene on Chromosome X, may play complex roles in AD pathogenesis, including Aβ regulation. Specifically, miR-20b-5p miRNA levels were altered in association with disease progression in three regions of the human brain: temporal neocortex, cerebellum, and posterior cingulate cortex. In cultured human neuronal cells, miR-20b-5p treatment interfered with calcium homeostasis, neurite outgrowth, and branchpoints. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) upstream of the MIR20B gene (rs13897515) associated with differences in levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42 and thickness of the entorhinal cortex. We located a miR-20b-5p binding site in the APP mRNA 3'-untranslated region (UTR), and treatment with miR-20b-5p reduced APP mRNA and protein levels. Network analysis of protein-protein interactions and gene coexpression revealed other important potential miR-20b-5p targets among AD-related proteins/genes. MiR-20b-5p, a miRNA that downregulated APP, was paradoxically associated with an increased risk for AD. However, miR-20b-5p also reduced, and the blockade of APP by siRNA likewise reduced calcium influx. As APP plays vital roles in neuronal health and does not exist solely to be the source of "pathogenic" Aβ, the molecular etiology of AD is likely to not just be a disease of "excess" but a disruption of delicate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nipun Chopra
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- DePauw University, Greencastle, IN, 46135, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Bryan Maloney
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Departments of Translational Neuroscience & Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, and Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Posttranscriptional regulation of Nrf2 through miRNAs and their role in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106018. [PMID: 34863823 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) is a pivotal facilitator of cytoprotective responses against the oxidative/electrophilic insults. Upon activation, Nrf2 induces transcription of a wide range of cytoprotective genes having antioxidant response element (ARE) in their promoter region. Dysfunction in Nrf2 signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of AD and several studies have suggested that boosting Nrf2 expression/activity by genetic or pharmacological approaches is beneficial in AD. Among the diverse mechanisms that regulate the Nrf2 signaling, miRNAs-mediated regulation of Nrf2 has gained much attention in recent years. Several miRNAs have been reported to directly repress the post-transcriptional expression of Nrf2 and thereby negatively regulate the Nrf2-dependent cellular cytoprotective response in AD. Moreover, several Nrf2 targeting miRNAs are misregulated in AD brains. This review is focused on the role of misregulated miRNAs that directly target Nrf2, in AD pathophysiology. Here, alongside a general description of functional interactions between miRNAs and Nrf2, we have reviewed the evidence indicating the possible role of these miRNAs in AD pathogenesis.
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Ao X, Yu W, Zhang L, Wang Y, Chang W. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: From Regulated Mechanism to Therapeutic Targets and Diagnostic Biomarkers. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:654978. [PMID: 34276336 PMCID: PMC8283767 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.654978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. AD is characterized by the production and aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and subsequent neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, autophagy and oxidative stress. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be used as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers due to their vital regulatory roles in multiple biological processes involved in disease development. The involvement of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of AD has been increasingly recognized. Here, we review the ncRNAs implicated in AD and elaborate on their main regulatory pathways, which might have contributions for discovering novel therapeutic targets and drugs for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School for Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Chopra N, Wang R, Maloney B, Nho K, Beck JS, Pourshafie N, Niculescu A, Saykin AJ, Rinaldi C, Counts SE, Lahiri DK. MicroRNA-298 reduces levels of human amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), β-site APP-converting enzyme 1 (BACE1) and specific tau protein moieties. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5636-5657. [PMID: 31942037 PMCID: PMC8758483 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related form of dementia, associated with deposition of intracellular neuronal tangles consisting primarily of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (p-tau) and extracellular plaques primarily comprising amyloid- β (Aβ) peptide. The p-tau tangle unit is a posttranslational modification of normal tau protein. Aβ is a neurotoxic peptide excised from the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and the γ-secretase complex. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded RNAs that modulate protein expression as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We identified miR-298 as a repressor of APP, BACE1, and the two primary forms of Aβ (Aβ40 and Aβ42) in a primary human cell culture model. Further, we discovered a novel effect of miR-298 on posttranslational levels of two specific tau moieties. Notably, miR-298 significantly reduced levels of ~55 and 50 kDa forms of the tau protein without significant alterations of total tau or other forms. In vivo overexpression of human miR-298 resulted in nonsignificant reduction of APP, BACE1, and tau in mice. Moreover, we identified two miR-298 SNPs associated with higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau and lower CSF Aβ42 levels in a cohort of human AD patients. Finally, levels of miR-298 varied in postmortem human temporal lobe between AD patients and age-matched non-AD controls. Our results suggest that miR-298 may be a suitable target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Chopra
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Bryan Maloney
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Indiana Alzheimers Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Indiana Alzheimers Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Departments of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - John S. Beck
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Departments of Translational Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Naemeh Pourshafie
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Alexander Niculescu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Indiana Alzheimers Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Departments of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Carlo Rinaldi
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX UK
| | - Scott E. Counts
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Departments of Translational Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Indiana Alzheimers Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Jiang Y, Xu B, Chen J, Sui Y, Ren L, Li J, Zhang H, Guo L, Sun X. Micro-RNA-137 Inhibits Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's Disease and Targets the CACNA1C Gene in Transgenic Mice and Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5635-5644. [PMID: 30102687 PMCID: PMC6104547 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) results in cognitive impairment. The calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha-1 C CACNA1C gene encodes an alpha-1 C subunit of L-type calcium channel (LTCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of micro-RNA-137 (miR-137) and the CACNA1C gene in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic AD mice and in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Material/Methods Six-month-old APP/PS1 double-transgenic AD mice (N=6) and age-matched normal C57BL/6 mice (N=6) underwent a Morris water maze (MWM) test, expression levels of amyloid-β (Aβ), LTCC, the CACNA1C gene, and miR-137 were measured in the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex in both groups of mice. A luciferase assay was used to evaluate the effect of miR-137 on the expression of CACNA1C in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Western blotting was used to detect the CACNA1C, phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and Aβ proteins. Results In APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice, spatial learning and memory was significantly reduced, levels of Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 were increased in the serum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex, expression levels of miR-137 were reduced, expression of CACNA1C protein was increased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, compared with normal control mice. miR-137 regulated the expression of the CACNA1C gene. Increased expression levels of p-tau (Ser202, Ser396, and Ser404) induced by Aβ1–42 were inhibited by miR-137 mimics in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Conclusions In a transgenic mouse model of AD, miR-137 and expression of the CACNA1C gene inhibited the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Shenyang First People's Hospital, Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang Brain Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Shenyang First People's Hospital, Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang Brain Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, henyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Shenyang First People's Hospital, Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang Brain Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Shenyang First People's Hospital, Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang Brain Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Huiyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Liqing Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Kim H, Han H. Computer-Aided Multi-Target Management of Emergent Alzheimer's Disease. Bioinformation 2018; 14:167-180. [PMID: 29983487 PMCID: PMC6016757 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an enormous global health burden in terms of human suffering and economic cost. AD management requires a shift from the prevailing paradigm targeting pathogenesis to design and develop effective drugs with adequate success in clinical trials. Therefore, it is of interest to report a review on amyloid beta (Aβ) effects and other multi-targets including cholinesterase, NFTs, tau protein and TNF associated with brain cell death to be neuro-protective from AD. It should be noted that these molecules have been generated either by target-based or phenotypic methods. Hence, the use of recent advancements in nanomedicine and other natural compounds screening tools as a feasible alternative for circumventing specific liabilities is realized. We review recent developments in the design and identification of neuro-degenerative compounds against AD generated using current advancements in computational multi-target modeling algorithms reflected by theragnosis (combination of diagnostic tests and therapy) concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjo Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, Ajou Medical University Hospital, Suwon, Kyeounggido province, South Korea
| | - Hyunwook Han
- Department of Informatics, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Millan MJ. Linking deregulation of non-coding RNA to the core pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: An integrative review. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:1-68. [PMID: 28322921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human genome encodes a vast repertoire of protein non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), some specific to the brain. MicroRNAs, which interfere with the translation of target mRNAs, are of particular interest since their deregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains challenging to link the complex body of observations on miRNAs and AD into a coherent framework. Using extensive graphical support, this article discusses how a diverse panoply of miRNAs convergently and divergently impact (and are impacted by) core pathophysiological processes underlying AD: neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; aberrant generation of β-amyloid-42 (Aβ42); anomalies in the production, cleavage and post-translational marking of Tau; impaired clearance of Aβ42 and Tau; perturbation of axonal organisation; disruption of synaptic plasticity; endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response; mitochondrial dysfunction; aberrant induction of cell cycle re-entry; and apoptotic loss of neurons. Intriguingly, some classes of miRNA provoke these cellular anomalies, whereas others act in a counter-regulatory, protective mode. Moreover, changes in levels of certain species of miRNA are a consequence of the above-mentioned anomalies. In addition to miRNAs, circular RNAs, piRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and other types of ncRNA are being increasingly implicated in AD. Overall, a complex mesh of deregulated and multi-tasking ncRNAs reciprocally interacts with core pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD. Alterations in ncRNAs can be detected in CSF and the circulation as well as the brain and are showing promise as biomarkers, with the ultimate goal clinical exploitation as targets for novel modes of symptomatic and course-altering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, institut de recherche Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France.
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Prasad KN. Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines may act as one of the signals for regulating microRNAs expression in Alzheimer’s disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Reddy PH, Tonk S, Kumar S, Vijayan M, Kandimalla R, Kuruva CS, Reddy AP. A critical evaluation of neuroprotective and neurodegenerative MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:1156-1165. [PMID: 27524239 PMCID: PMC5343756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently, 5.4 million Americans suffer from AD, and these numbers are expected to increase up to 16 million by 2050. Despite tremendous research efforts, we still do not have drugs or agents that can delay, or prevent AD and its progression, and we still do not have early detectable biomarkers for AD. Multiple cellular changes have been implicated in AD, including synaptic damage, mitochondrial damage, production and accumulation of Aβ and phosphorylated tau, inflammatory response, deficits in neurotransmitters, deregulation of the cell cycle, and hormonal imbalance. Research into AD has revealed that miRNAs are involved in each of these cellular changes and interfere with gene regulation and translation. Recent discoveries in molecular biology have also revealed that microRNAs play a major role in post-translational regulation of gene expression. The purpose of this article is to review research that has assessed neuroprotective and neurodegenerative characteristics of microRNAs in brain samples from AD transgenic mouse models and patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neuroscience & Pharmacology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States.
| | - Sahil Tonk
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Chandra Sekhar Kuruva
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 Fourth Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States.
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Enhanced Cognitive Effects of Demethoxycurcumin, a Natural Derivative of Curcumin on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081022. [PMID: 27527139 PMCID: PMC6272892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the ameliorating effects of demethoxycurcumin (DMC) on memory impairment induced by scopolamine using passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests in mice. Moreover, to determine the neurobiological effects underlying the ameliorating effects of the DMC, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity was evaluated in mice exposed to scopolamine. Our results demonstrated that chronic oral administration (28 days) of DMC (10 mg/kg) improved scopolamine-induced learning impairment in the passive avoidance task and memory impairment in the Morris water maze. Moreover, Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the DMC-treated group was significantly increased to 33.03% compared with the control group. Our present finding suggests that DMC ameliorates memory impairments induced by scopolamine treatment through reversing the reduction of hippocampal ChAT expression in mice.
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Karnati HK, Panigrahi MK, Gutti RK, Greig NH, Tamargo IA. miRNAs: Key Players in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Epilepsy. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:563-80. [PMID: 26402105 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, ∼22 nucleotide, non-coding RNA molecules that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA dysregulation has been observed in cancer and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the neurological disorder, epilepsy. Neuronal degradation and death are important hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, abnormalities in metabolism, synapsis and axonal transport have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. A number of recently published studies have demonstrated the importance of miRNAs in the nervous system and have contributed to the growing body of evidence on miRNA dysregulation in neurological disorders. Knowledge of the expressions and activities of such miRNAs may aid in the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the significance of miRNA dysregulation in the development of neurodegenerative disorders and the use of miRNAs as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuma Kumar Karnati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manas Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lahiri DK, Maloney B, Bayon BL, Chopra N, White FA, Greig NH, Nurnberger JI. Transgenerational latent early-life associated regulation unites environment and genetics across generations. Epigenomics 2016; 8:373-87. [PMID: 26950428 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of idiopathic diseases is still poorly understood. The latent early-life associated regulation (LEARn) model unites environmental exposures and gene expression while providing a mechanistic underpinning for later-occurring disorders. We propose that this process can occur across generations via transgenerational LEARn (tLEARn). In tLEARn, each person is a 'unit' accumulating preclinical or subclinical 'hits' as in the original LEARn model. These changes can then be epigenomically passed along to offspring. Transgenerational accumulation of 'hits' determines a sporadic disease state. Few significant transgenerational hits would accompany conception or gestation of most people, but these may suffice to 'prime' someone to respond to later-life hits. Hits need not produce symptoms or microphenotypes to have a transgenerational effect. Testing tLEARn requires longitudinal approaches. A recently proposed longitudinal epigenome/envirome-wide association study would unite genetic sequence, epigenomic markers, environmental exposures, patient personal history taken at multiple time points and family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debomoy K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bryan Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Baindu L Bayon
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nipun Chopra
- Department of Psychiatry, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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14
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miR21 is Associated with the Cognitive Improvement Following Voluntary Running Wheel Exercise in TBI Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:114-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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In silico study of peptide inhibitors against BACE 1. SYSTEMS AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 2015; 9:67-72. [PMID: 25972990 DOI: 10.1007/s11693-015-9169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are increasingly used as inhibitors of various disease specific targets. Several naturally occurring and synthetically developed peptides are undergoing clinical trials. Our work explores the possibility of reusing the non-expressing DNA sequences to predict potential drug-target specific peptides. Recently, we experimentally demonstrated the artificial synthesis of novel proteins from non-coding regions of Escherichia coli genome. In this study, a library of synthetic peptides (Synpeps) was constructed from 2500 intergenic E. coli sequences and screened against Beta-secretase 1 protein, a known drug target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Secondary and tertiary protein structure predictions followed by protein-protein docking studies were performed to identify the most promising enzyme inhibitors. Interacting residues and favorable binding poses of lead peptide inhibitors were studied. Though initial results are encouraging, experimental validation is required in future to develop efficient target specific inhibitors against AD.
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Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5), a family member of the cyclin-dependent kinases, plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system. During embryogenesis, Cdk5 is indispensable for brain development and, in the adult brain, it is essential for numerous neuronal processes, including higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation. However, Cdk5 activity becomes deregulated in several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, which leads to neurotoxicity. Therefore, precise control over Cdk5 activity is essential for its physiological functions. This Commentary covers the various mechanisms of Cdk5 regulation, including several recently identified protein activators and inhibitors of Cdk5 that control its activity in normal and diseased brains. We also discuss the autoregulatory activity of Cdk5 and its regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. We finally highlight physiological and pathological roles of Cdk5 in the brain. Specific modulation of these protein regulators is expected to provide alternative strategies for the development of effective therapeutic interventions that are triggered by deregulation of Cdk5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Departments of Psychiatry and of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Neuroscience Research Building, 320 W. 15th St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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17
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Mandas A, Dessì S. Mononuclear cells in dementia. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:278-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Gupta M, Jangra H, Bharatam PV, Madan AK. Relative eccentric distance sum/product indices for QSAR/QSPR: development, evaluation, and application. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:101-12. [PMID: 24483724 DOI: 10.1021/co400088p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. D. University , Rohtak 124 001, India
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Cacabelos R, Cacabelos P, Torrellas C, Tellado I, Carril JC. Pharmacogenomics of Alzheimer's disease: novel therapeutic strategies for drug development. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:323-556. [PMID: 25150875 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major problem of health and disability, with a relevant economic impact on our society. Despite important advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, its primary causes still remain elusive, accurate biomarkers are not well characterized, and the available pharmacological treatments are not cost-effective. As a complex disorder, AD is a polygenic and multifactorial clinical entity in which hundreds of defective genes distributed across the human genome may contribute to its pathogenesis. Diverse environmental factors, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and epigenetic phenomena, together with structural and functional genomic dysfunctions, lead to amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and premature neuronal death, the major neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Future perspectives for the global management of AD predict that genomics and proteomics may help in the search for reliable biomarkers. In practical terms, the therapeutic response to conventional drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, multifactorial strategies) is genotype-specific. Genomic factors potentially involved in AD pharmacogenomics include at least five categories of gene clusters: (1) genes associated with disease pathogenesis; (2) genes associated with the mechanism of action of drugs; (3) genes associated with drug metabolism (phase I and II reactions); (4) genes associated with drug transporters; and (5) pleiotropic genes involved in multifaceted cascades and metabolic reactions. The implementation of pharmacogenomic strategies will contribute to optimize drug development and therapeutics in AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain,
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20
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Long JM, Ray B, Lahiri DK. MicroRNA-339-5p down-regulates protein expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) in human primary brain cultures and is reduced in brain tissue specimens of Alzheimer disease subjects. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5184-98. [PMID: 24352696 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.518241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) results, in part, from the excess accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide as neuritic plaques in the brain. The short Aβ peptide is derived from the large transmembrane Aβ precursor protein (APP). The rate-limiting step in the production of Aβ from APP is mediated by the β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Dysregulation of BACE1 levels leading to excess Aβ deposition is implicated in sporadic AD. Thus, elucidating the full complement of regulatory pathways that control BACE1 expression is key to identifying novel drug targets central to the Aβ-generating process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are expected to participate in this molecular network. Here, we identified a known miRNA, miR-339-5p, as a key contributor to this regulatory network. Two distinct miR-339-5p target sites were predicted in the BACE1 3'-UTR by in silico analyses. Co-transfection of miR-339-5p with a BACE1 3'-UTR reporter construct resulted in significant reduction in reporter expression. Mutation of both target sites eliminated this effect. Delivery of the miR-339-5p mimic also significantly inhibited expression of BACE1 protein in human glioblastoma cells and human primary brain cultures. Delivery of target protectors designed against the miR-339-5p BACE1 3'-UTR target sites in primary human brain cultures significantly elevated BACE1 expression. Finally, miR-339-5p levels were found to be significantly reduced in brain specimens isolated from AD patients as compared with age-matched controls. Therefore, miR-339-5p regulates BACE1 expression in human brain cells and is most likely dysregulated in at least a subset of AD patients making this miRNA a novel drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Long
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Departments of Psychiatry and
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Bicchi I, Morena F, Montesano S, Polidoro M, Martino S. MicroRNAs and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration. Genes (Basel) 2013; 4:244-63. [PMID: 24705162 PMCID: PMC3899972 DOI: 10.3390/genes4020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few years microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key mediators of post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs targets, identified through gene expression profiling and studies in animal models, depict a scenario where miRNAs are fine-tuning metabolic pathways and genetic networks in both plants and animals. MiRNAs have shown to be differentially expressed in brain areas and alterations of miRNAs homeostasis have been recently correlated to pathological conditions of the nervous system, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Here, we review and discuss the most recent insights into the involvement of miRNAs in the neurodegenerative mechanisms and their correlation with significant neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bicchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Simona Montesano
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Mario Polidoro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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22
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Costa V, Esposito R, Aprile M, Ciccodicola A. Non-coding RNA and pseudogenes in neurodegenerative diseases: "The (un)Usual Suspects". Front Genet 2012; 3:231. [PMID: 23118739 PMCID: PMC3484327 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and cancer are severe diseases threatening human health. The glaring differences between neurons and cancer cells mask the processes involved in their pathogenesis. Defects in cell cycle, DNA repair, and cell differentiation can determine unlimited proliferation in cancer, or conversely, compromise neuronal plasticity, leading to cell death and neurodegeneration. Alteration in regulatory networks affecting gene expression contribute to human diseases onset, including neurodegenerative disorders, and deregulation of non-coding RNAs – particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) – is supposed to have a significant impact. Recently, competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) – acting as sponges – have been identified in cancer, indicating a new and intricate regulatory network. Given that neurodegenerative disorders and cancer share altered genes and pathways, and considering the emerging role of miRNAs in neurogenesis, we hypothesize ceRNAs may be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we propose, and computationally predict, such regulatory mechanism may be shared between the diseases. It is predictable that similar regulation occurs in other complex diseases, and further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati-Traverso', National Research Council Naples, Italy
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23
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Abe M, Bonini NM. MicroRNAs and neurodegeneration: role and impact. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 23:30-6. [PMID: 23026030 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are typically late-onset, progressive disorders that affect neural function and integrity. Although most attention has been focused on the genetic underpinnings of familial disease, mechanisms are likely to be shared with more predominant sporadic forms, which can be influenced by age, environment, and genetic inputs. Previous work has largely addressed the roles of select protein-coding genes; however, disease pathogenesis is complicated and can be modulated through not just protein-coding genes, but also regulatory mechanisms mediated by the exploding world of small non-coding RNAs. Here, we focus on emerging roles of miRNAs in age-associated events impacting long-term brain integrity and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Abe
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Long JM, Ray B, Lahiri DK. MicroRNA-153 physiologically inhibits expression of amyloid-β precursor protein in cultured human fetal brain cells and is dysregulated in a subset of Alzheimer disease patients. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31298-310. [PMID: 22733824 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.366336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) expression is complex. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are expected to participate in the molecular network that controls this process. The composition of this network is, however, still undefined. Elucidating the complement of miRNAs that regulate APP expression should reveal novel drug targets capable of modulating Aβ production in AD. Here, we investigated the contribution of miR-153 to this regulatory network. A miR-153 target site within the APP 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) was predicted by several bioinformatic algorithms. We found that miR-153 significantly reduced reporter expression when co-transfected with an APP 3'-UTR reporter construct. Mutation of the predicted miR-153 target site eliminated this reporter response. miR-153 delivery in both HeLa cells and primary human fetal brain cultures significantly reduced APP expression. Delivery of a miR-153 antisense inhibitor to human fetal brain cultures significantly elevated APP expression. miR-153 delivery also reduced expression of the APP paralog APLP2. High functional redundancy between APP and APLP2 suggests that miR-153 may target biological pathways in which they both function. Interestingly, in a subset of human AD brain specimens with moderate AD pathology, miR-153 levels were reduced. This same subset also exhibited elevated APP levels relative to control specimens. Therefore, endogenous miR-153 inhibits expression of APP in human neurons by specifically interacting with the APP 3'-UTR. This regulatory interaction may have relevance to AD etiology, where low miR-153 levels may drive increased APP expression in a subset of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Long
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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25
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Long JM, Lahiri DK. Advances in microRNA experimental approaches to study physiological regulation of gene products implicated in CNS disorders. Exp Neurol 2012; 235:402-18. [PMID: 22245616 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a remarkably complex organ system, requiring an equally complex network of molecular pathways controlling the multitude of diverse, cellular activities. Gene expression is a critical node at which regulatory control of molecular networks is implemented. As such, elucidating the various mechanisms employed in the physiological regulation of gene expression in the CNS is important both for establishing a reference for comparison to the diseased state and for expanding the set of validated drug targets available for disease intervention. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small RNA that mediates potent inhibitory effects on global gene expression. Recent advances have been made in methods employed to study the contribution of these miRNAs to gene expression. Here we review these latest advances and present a methodological workflow from the perspective of an investigator studying the physiological regulation of a gene of interest. We discuss methods for identifying putative miRNA target sites in a transcript of interest, strategies for validating predicted target sites, assays for detecting miRNA expression, and approaches for disrupting endogenous miRNA function. We consider both advantages and limitations, highlighting certain caveats that inform the suitability of a given method for a specific application. Through careful implementation of the appropriate methodologies discussed herein, we are optimistic that important discoveries related to miRNA participation in CNS physiology and dysfunction are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Long
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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