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Wang J, He X, Jia Z, Yan A, Xiao K, Liu S, Hou M, Long Y, Ding X. Shenqi Fuzheng injection restores the sensitivity to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting the IL-22/STAT3/AKT pathway. Pharm Biol 2024; 62:33-41. [PMID: 38100532 PMCID: PMC10732196 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2292266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Gefitinib is a first-line treatment for NSCLC. However, its effectiveness is hindered by the development of drug resistance. At present, Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SFI) is widely accepted as an adjuvant therapy in NSCLC. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the molecular mechanism of SFI when combined with gefitinib in regulating cell progression among EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established gefitinib-resistant PC9-GR cells by exposing gefitinib escalation from 10 nM with the indicated concentrations of SFI in PC9 cells (1, 4, and 8 mg/mL). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess gene expression. PC9/GR and H1975 cells were treated with 50 ng/mL of interleukin (IL)-22 alone or in combination with 10 mg/mL of SFI. STAT3, p-STAT3, AKT, and p-AKT expression were evaluated using Western blot. The effects on cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and apoptosis in NSCLC cells were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation and flow cytometry assays. RESULTS SFI treatment alleviated the development of gefitinib resistance in NSCLC. PC9/GR and H1975 cells treated with SFI significantly exhibited a reduction in IL-22 protein and mRNA overexpression levels. SFI effectively counteracted the activation of the STAT3/AKT signaling pathway induced by adding exogenous IL-22 to PC9/GR and H1975 cells. Moreover, IL-22 combined with gefitinib markedly increased cell viability while reducing apoptosis. In contrast, combining SFI with gefitinib and the concurrent treatment of SFI with gefitinib and IL-22 demonstrated the opposite effect. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION SFI can be a valuable therapeutic option to address gefitinib resistance in NSCLC by suppressing the IL-22/STAT3/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianhai He
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhirong Jia
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiwen Yan
- Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Jiangsu Food Science College, Huanan, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjun Hou
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaling Long
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Tauseef A, Zafar M, Silberstein P, Nahas J, Frederickson T, Hansen S, Abbas A, Alali Y, Buragadda A, Abughanimeh OK, Nair S, Thirumalareddy J, Mirza M. Safety Profile of Mutant EGFR-TK Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis. Fed Pract 2022; 39:S72-S80. [PMID: 36426108 PMCID: PMC9662311 DOI: 10.12788/fp.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the use of platinum-based chemotherapy, lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. To overcome the rate of lung cancer-related death, scientists discovered advanced therapies, including mutant epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) inhibitors. OBSERVATIONS We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the safety profile of mutant EGFR-TK inhibitors in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Included in this study are 9 phase 3 randomized controlled trials designed to study the safety profile of mutant EGFR-TK inhibitors in patients with advanced NSCLC. The study showed that mutant EGFR-TK inhibitors have an incidence of adverse effects that is less reported when compared with platinum-based chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We recommend continuing using mutant EGFR-TK inhibitors in patients with advanced NSCLC especially in patients having mutant EGFR receptors. Adverse effects caused by mutant EGFR-TK inhibitors are significant but are usually tolerable and can be avoided by reducing the dosage of it with each cycle or by skipping or delaying the dose until patient is symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Zafar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - Anum Abbas
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Hassanein SS, Ibrahim SA, Abdel-Mawgood AL. Cell Behavior of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Is at EGFR and MicroRNAs Hands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12496. [PMID: 34830377 PMCID: PMC8621388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex disease associated with gene mutations, particularly mutations of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are the two major types of lung cancer. The former includes most lung cancers (85%) and are commonly associated with EGFR mutations. Several EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib, are effective therapeutic agents in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, their effectiveness is limited by the development (acquired) or presence of intrinsic drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators that play a profound role in the development and outcomes for NSCLC via their role as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. The regulatory role of miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk depends on EGFR signaling pathway, including Rat Sarcoma/Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK1/2), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT), Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-kB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). Dysregulated expression of miRNAs affects sensitivity to treatment with EGFR-TKIs. Thus, abnormalities in miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in NSCLC. In this review, we present an overview of miRNA-dependent EGFR expression regulation, which modulates the behavior and progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sayed Hassanein
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | | | - Ahmed Lotfy Abdel-Mawgood
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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Qu GP, Shi M, Wang D, Wu JH, Wang P, Gong ML, Zhang ZJ. Dual targeting of MEK and PI3K effectively controls the proliferation of human EGFR-TKI resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines with different genetic backgrounds. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:208. [PMID: 34210314 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular targeted therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is restricted due to resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study evaluated the effects of dual targeting of MEK and PI3K in human EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cell lines. Methods EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cell lines H1975, H460, and A549, with different mutation and amplification status in EGFR, K-RAS, PIK3CA, and MET genes, were treated with a MEK162 (MEK inhibitor) and BKM120 (PI3K inhibitor) combination or a BIBW2992 (EGFR inhibitor) and ARQ197 (MET inhibitor) combination and assayed for cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution. Results Dual targeting of MEK and PI3K efficiently inhibited the cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and the G0/G1 cell cycle, and decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, S6, and 4E-BP1. H460 cells with K-RAS and PIK3CA mutation were most sensitive to MEK162 and BKM120 combinations. H1975 cells with EGFR and PIK3CA mutation and MET amplification were sensitive to BIBW2992 and ARQ197 combinations. Conclusion Dual targeting regulated the proliferation of EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells, especially mutants in K-RAS and PIK3CA that are promising for EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC therapeutics.
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Yu CH, Cheng YA, Chen RY, Wu YL, Lin MH. Survival Analysis of Antineoplastic Treatment for Older Patients with Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Clinical Database Study. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12957-12964. [PMID: 33376393 PMCID: PMC7755879 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s282481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether antineoplastic treatment can improve overall survival (OS) in older patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the cancer registry database of a tertiary medical center in Taiwan, we followed patients 65 years old and above with pathologically proved mNSCLC. Chi-square test and Cox regression were used to analyze differences in clinical characteristics, the treatments they received, and factors predicting survival. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze OS differences. RESULTS A total of 542 older patients were diagnosed with mNSCLC from 2011 to 2017. Multivariate Cox regression showed that patients receiving targeted therapy (TT) alone, chemotherapy (CT) alone, and crossover (CO) treatment were at significantly less risk of short OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.351, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.257-0.479; HR 0.517, CI 0.376-0.711; and HR 0.544, CI 0.373-0.792, respectively]. Patients at significantly increased risk of short OS were those aged ≥85 years and those assigned poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) scores (HR 1.513, CI 1.135-2.017, and HR 2.854, CI 2.188-3.724, respectively). The result of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of 418 patients with ECOG-PS scores 0-2 suggested that patients who received antineoplastic treatments had a significantly better median OS than those receiving supportive care (SC), those receiving TT having the best result (SC, 4.00 months; TT, 21.17 months; CT, 12.83 months; CO, 15.83 months, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Antineoplastic treatments, especially TT, can improve OS for selected older patients with mNSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiu Yu
- Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ai Cheng
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yih Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lung Wu
- Department of Information Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsi Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yin KS, Naing MM, Khine N, Maung MP, Nyunt AA, Htike NN, Aye HH, Myint AA. Epidermal growth factor receptor variants in patients from Myanmar with lung adenocarcinoma. ASIAN BIOMED 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/abm-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) sequence variants in patients from Myanmar have not yet been reported.
Objectives
To describe the molecular epidemiology of EGFR variants in patients from Myanmar with lung adenocarcinoma.
Methods
Histological diagnosis and categorization of biopsies collected from 66 patients (28–78 years) with lung cancer was conducted using a panel of antibodies including those to: TTF1, P40, synaptophysin, CK7, and napsin-A. Samples from patients with confirmed adenocarcinoma were tested for EGFR variants using a cobas EGFR Mutation Test kit and cobas z 480 System (Roche). We conducted a univariate analysis of categorical factors using a χ2 or Fisher exact test.
Results
Histological types were adenocarcinoma (61%, 40/66), squamous cell carcinoma (24%, 16/66), neuroendocrine carcinoma (9%, 6/66), undifferentiated carcinoma (2%, 1/66), adenosquamous carcinoma (2%, 1/66), small cell anaplastic carcinoma (2%, 1/66), and pleomorphic sarcoma (2%, 1/66). EGFR variants were detected in 15 of 40 (38%) cases of adenocarcinoma. Among them, 6 patients (40%) had an exon 19 deletion, another 6 (40%) had exon 21 substitutions, 1 (7%) had exon 20 insertion S768I, and 2 (13%) had compound variations (1 of exon 21 L858R and exon 18 G719X, and 1 of exon 20 S768I and exon 18 G719X). Although limited by small sample size, no significant association was found between the variants and factors including family cancer history, age group, sex, ethnicity, or occupation. However, there was a strong significant association between never-smokers and EGFR variants (P = 0.008).
Conclusion
Knowledge of EGFR variants in patients from Myanmar is encouraging for their effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine San Yin
- Innovative Diagnostics Laboratory , Victoria Hospital, No. 68, Tawin Road, 9 Mile, Mayangone Township , Yangon , Myanmar
| | - Myint Myint Naing
- Innovative Diagnostics Laboratory , Victoria Hospital, No. 68, Tawin Road, 9 Mile, Mayangone Township , Yangon , Myanmar
| | - Nitar Khine
- Innovative Diagnostics Laboratory , Victoria Hospital, No. 68, Tawin Road, 9 Mile, Mayangone Township , Yangon , Myanmar
| | - May Phyo Maung
- Innovative Diagnostics Laboratory , Victoria Hospital, No. 68, Tawin Road, 9 Mile, Mayangone Township , Yangon , Myanmar
| | - Aye Aye Nyunt
- Innovative Diagnostics Laboratory , Victoria Hospital, No. 68, Tawin Road, 9 Mile, Mayangone Township , Yangon , Myanmar
| | - Nway Nway Htike
- Innovative Diagnostics Laboratory , Victoria Hospital, No. 68, Tawin Road, 9 Mile, Mayangone Township , Yangon , Myanmar
| | - Hnin Hnin Aye
- Innovative Diagnostics Laboratory , Victoria Hospital, No. 68, Tawin Road, 9 Mile, Mayangone Township , Yangon , Myanmar
| | - Aye Aye Myint
- Innovative Diagnostics Laboratory , Victoria Hospital, No. 68, Tawin Road, 9 Mile, Mayangone Township , Yangon , Myanmar
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Videira MA, Llop J, Sousa C, Kreutzer B, Cossío U, Forbes B, Vieira I, Gil N, Silva-Lima B. Pulmonary Administration: Strengthening the Value of Therapeutic Proximity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:50. [PMID: 32181253 PMCID: PMC7058098 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years inhaled systems have shown momentum as patient-personalized therapies emerge. A significant improvement in terms of therapeutic efficacy and/or reduction adverse systemic effects is anticipated from their use owing these systems regional accumulation. Nevertheless, whatever safety and efficacy evidence required for inhaled formulations regulatory approval, it still poses an additional hurdle to gaining market access. In contrast with the formal intravenous medicines approval, the narrower adoption of pulmonary administration might rely on discrepancies in pre-clinical and clinical data provided by the marketing authorization holder to the regulatory authorities. Evidences of a diverse and inconsistent regulatory framework led to concerns over toxicity issues and respiratory safety. However, an overall trend to support general concepts of good practices exists. Current regulatory guidelines that supports PK/PD (pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic) assessment seeks attention threatening those inhaled formulations set to be approved in the coming years. A more complex scenario arises from the attempt of implementing nanomedicines for pulmonary administration. Cutting-edge image techniques could play a key role in supporting diverse stages of clinical development facilitating this pharmaceutics take off and speed to patients. The ongoing challenge in adapting conventional regulatory frameworks has proven to be tremendously difficult in an environment where market entry relies on multiple collections of evidence. This paper intention is to remind us that an acceptable pre-clinical toxicological program could emerge from, but not only, an accurate and robust data imaging collection. It is our conviction that if implemented, inhaled nanomedicines might have impact in multiple severe conditions, such as lung cancer, by fulfilling the opportunity for developing tailored treatments while solving dose-related toxicity issues; the most limiting threat in conventional lung cancer clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda A Videira
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruna Kreutzer
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Unai Cossío
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Vieira
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Gil
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
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Abstract
The research and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have achieved some important advances in recent years. Nonetheless, the overall survival rates for NSCLC remain low, indicating the importance to effectively develop new therapies and improve current approaches. The understanding of the function of different biomarkers involved in NSCLC progression, survival and response to therapy are important for the development of early detection tools and treatment options. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (K-RAS) are two of the main significant biomarkers for the management of NSCLC. Mutations in these genes were associated with development and response to therapies. For example, the use of small molecule tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors and immunotherapy has led to benefits in some, but not all patients with altered EGFR. In contrast, there is still no effective approved drug to act upon patients harbouring K-RAS mutations. In addition, K-RAS mutations have been associated with lack of activity of TK inhibitors. However, promising approaches aimed to inhibit mutant K-RAS are currently under study. Therefore, this review will discuss these approaches and also EGFR therapies, and hopefully, it will draw attention to the need of continued research in the field in order to improve the outcomes in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Aran
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Av. Brasil 500, 20940-070 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jasminka Omerovic
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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9
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Tamirat MZ, Koivu M, Elenius K, Johnson MS. Structural characterization of EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation using molecular dynamics simulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222814. [PMID: 31536605 PMCID: PMC6752865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor important in diverse biological processes including cell proliferation and survival. Upregulation of EGFR activity due to over-expression or mutation is widely implicated in cancer. Activating somatic mutations of the EGFR kinase are postulated to affect the conformation and/or stability of the protein, shifting the EGFR inactive-active state equilibrium towards the activated state. Here, we examined a common EGFR deletion mutation, Δ746ELREA750, which is frequently observed in non-small cell lung cancer patients. By using molecular dynamics simulation, we investigated the structural effects of the mutation that lead to the experimentally reported increases in kinase activity. Simulations of the active form wild-type and ΔELREA EGFRs revealed the deletion stabilizes the αC helix of the kinase domain, which is located adjacent to the deletion site, by rigidifying the flexible β3-αC loop that accommodates the ELREA sequence. Consequently, the αC helix is stabilized in the “αC-in” active conformation that would prolong the time of the activated state. Moreover, in the mutant kinase, a salt bridge between E762 and K745, which is key for EGFR activity, was also stabilized during the simulation. Additionally, the interaction between EGFR and ATP was favored by ΔELREA EGFR over wild-type EGFR, as reflected by the number of hydrogen bonds formed and the free energy of binding. Simulation of inactive EGFR suggested the deletion would promote a shift from the inactive conformation towards active EGFR, which is supported by the inward movement of the αC helix. The MDS results also align with the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on ΔELREA and wild-type EGFR lung cancer cell lines, where more pronounced inhibition was observed against ΔELREA than for wild-type EGFR by inhibitors recognizing the active kinase conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlet Z. Tamirat
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marika Koivu
- Medicity Research Laboratories and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Medicity Research Laboratories and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mark S. Johnson
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Reiersølmoen AC, Aarhus TI, Eckelt S, Nørsett KG, Sundby E, Hoff BH. Potent and selective EGFR inhibitors based on 5-aryl-7H-pyrrolopyrimidin-4-amines. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102918. [PMID: 30999245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor represents an important target in cancer therapy, and low molecular weight inhibitors based on quinazolines have reached the marked. Herein we report on a new scaffold, 5-aryl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines, and show that when employing (S)-phenylglycinol as C-4 substituent, potent inhibitors can be made. The two most active inhibitors have suitable druglike properties, were equipotent with Erlotinib in Ba/F3 cell studies, and showed lower cross reactivity than Erlotinib in a panel of 50 kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Reiersølmoen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Thomas Ihle Aarhus
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Material Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sarah Eckelt
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Welckerstrasse 8, 201354 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Gabestad Nørsett
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Eirik Sundby
- Department of Material Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Vu HNT, Nguyen DT, Nguyen HQ, Chu HH, Chu SK, Chau MV, Phi QT. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties of Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces cavourensis YBQ59 Isolated from Cinnamomum cassia Prels in Yen Bai Province of Vietnam. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:1247-1255. [PMID: 29869093 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The endophytic actinomycete strain YBQ59 was isolated from Cinnamomum cassia Prels in Yen Bai province (21°53'14″N; 104°35'9″E) of northern Vietnam. Based on analysis of morphological, physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence (GenBank Acc. No. MF950891), the strain YBQ59 possessed high similarity to Streptomyces cavourensis subsp. cavourensis strain NRRL 2740, therefore assigned as S. cavourensis YBQ59. The ethyl acetate extract of the YBQ59 culture broth isolated eight pure secondary metabolites, identified as 1-monolinolein (1), bafilomycin D (2), nonactic acid (3), daidzein (4), 3'-hydroxydaidzein (5), 5,11-epoxy-10-cadinanol (6), prelactone B (7), and daucosterol (8). Compounds 1, 3-8 were reported for the first time from S. cavourensis. Compounds 1-5 exhibited antimicrobial activities against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 (MRSE) among which the compound 1 revealed the strongest effects with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8.5 and 14.6 µg/mL, respectively. The compound 2 showed high potential effect against MRSA (MIC of 11.1 µg/mL) but less effect against MRSE (MIC of 30.3 µg/mL). The cytotoxicity of the compounds 1-7 was investigated against human lung adenocarcinoma EGFR-TKI-resistant cells, among which compounds 1, 2, and 5 exhibited the strong effect against A549 cells with IC50 values of 3.6, 6.7, and 7.8 µM, respectively. Taken together, the experimental findings in this study suggested that the compounds 1 and 2 could be reproducible metabolites applicable for inhibition of both drug-resistant bacteria and cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh-Nguyen Thi Vu
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No.18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Dat Tien Nguyen
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer (CRETECH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No.18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Quang Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No.18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Hoang Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No.18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology (GUS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No.18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Son Ky Chu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), No.1, Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Van Chau
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No.18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Quyet-Tien Phi
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No.18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam. .,Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology (GUS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No.18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
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12
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Xu S, Wang T, Yang Z, Li Y, Li W, Wang T, Wang S, Jia L, Zhang S, Li S. miR-26a desensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors by targeting PTPN13. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45687-45701. [PMID: 27285768 PMCID: PMC5216753 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as first-line drugs for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). However, the resistance to TKIs represents the key limitation for their therapeutic efficacy. We found that miR-26a was upregulated in gefitinib-refractory NSCLCs; miR-26a is downstream of EGFR signaling and directly targets and silences protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 13 (PTPN13) to maintain the activation of Src, a dephosphorylation substrate of PTPN13, thus reinforcing EGFR pathway in a regulatory circuit. miR-26a inhibition significantly improved NSCLC responses to gefitinib. These data revealed a novel mechanism of NSCLC resistance to TKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, 9th Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Second People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lintao Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengqing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Singh I, Singh G, Verma V, Singh S, Chandra R. In Silico Evaluation of Variable pH on the Binding of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ectodomain to its Ligand Through Molecular Dynamics Simulation in Tumors. Interdiscip Sci 2019; 11:437-43. [PMID: 29103184 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many aggressive and metastatic cancer cell types show Warburg Effect; therefore, it is a possible adaptation helping cancer cells to rapidly divide and utilize the glycolytic intermediates for biosynthesis of ribose sugars (for nucleotide biosynthesis), fatty acid synthesis (lipids for membrane synthesis), NADPH (cellular currency for reductive biosynthesis) and lactate. This in due course results in decrease of extracellular pH, leading to acidic tumor micro-environment. EGFR is a crucial cell surface signaling receptor implicated in cancer cell survival and progression. This warrants studying the effect of the acidic micro-environmental conditions on the binding of the EGFR cell surface receptor to one of its natural extracellular ligand EGF. We exploited in silico approaches: molecular dynamics simulation at variable pH and MM-GBSA free energy of binding calculation method to evaluate the effect of this change in microenvironmental pH. Through the present study it is reported that at pH 6.6 the EGFR binds to EGF with decreased free energy of binding as compared to pH 7.2.
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14
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Abstract
Purpose of review The vision and strategy for the 21st century treatment of cancer calls for a personalized approach in which therapy selection is designed for each individual patient. While genomics has led the field of personalized cancer medicine over the past several decades by connecting patient-specific DNA mutations with kinase-targeted drugs, the recent discovery that tumors evade immune surveillance has created unique challenges to personalize cancer immunotherapy. In this mini-review we will discuss how personalized medicine has evolved recently to accommodate the emerging era of cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we will discuss novel platform technologies that have been engineered to address some of the persisting limitations. Recent finding Beginning with early evidence in personalized medicine, we discuss how biomarker-driven approaches to predict clinical success have evolved to account for the heterogeneous tumor ecosystem. In the emerging field of cancer immunotherapy, this challenge requires the use of a novel set of tools, distinct from the classic approach of next-generation genomic sequencing-based strategies. We will introduce new techniques that seek to tailor immunotherapy by re-programming patient-autologous T-cells, and new technologies that are emerging to predict clinical efficacy by mapping infiltration of lymphocytes, and harnessing fully humanized platforms that reconstruct and interrogate immune checkpoint blockade, ex-vivo. Summary While cancer immunotherapy is now leading to durable outcomes in difficult-to-treat cancers, success is highly variable. Developing novel approaches to study cancer immunotherapy, personalize treatment to each patient, and achieve greater outcomes is penultimate to developing sustainable cures in the future. Numerous techniques are now emerging to help guide treatment decisions, which go beyond simple biomarker-driven strategies, and are now we are seeking to interrogate the entirety of the dynamic tumor ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maciejko
- Integrative Immuno-Oncology Center, Mitra Biotech Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Munisha Smalley
- Integrative Immuno-Oncology Center, Mitra Biotech Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Aaron Goldman
- Integrative Immuno-Oncology Center, Mitra Biotech Woburn, MA 01801, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms modulate many aspects of physiology. Knowledge of the molecular basis of these rhythms has exploded in the last 20 years. However, most of these data are from model organisms, and translation to clinical practice has been limited. Here, we present an approach to identify molecular rhythms in humans from thousands of unordered expression measurements. Our algorithm, cyclic ordering by periodic structure (CYCLOPS), uses evolutionary conservation and machine learning to identify elliptical structure in high-dimensional data. From this structure, CYCLOPS estimates the phase of each sample. We validated CYCLOPS using temporally ordered mouse and human data and demonstrated its consistency on human data from two independent research sites. We used this approach to identify rhythmic transcripts in human liver and lung, including hundreds of drug targets and disease genes. Importantly, for many genes, the circadian variation in expression exceeded variation from genetic and other environmental factors. We also analyzed hepatocellular carcinoma samples and show these solid tumors maintain circadian function but with aberrant output. Finally, to show how this method can catalyze medical translation, we show that dosage time can temporally segregate efficacy from dose-limiting toxicity of streptozocin, a chemotherapeutic drug. In sum, these data show the power of CYCLOPS and temporal reconstruction in bridging basic circadian research and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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16
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Aw DCW, Tan EH, Chin TM, Lim HL, Lee HY, Soo RA. Management of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-related cutaneous and gastrointestinal toxicities. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 14:23-31. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Chen-Wee Aw
- Department of General Medicine; Sengkang Health, Alexandra Hospital; Singapore
| | - Eng Huat Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre; Singapore
| | - Tan Min Chin
- Department of Haematology-Oncology; National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; National University Health System; Singapore
| | | | - Haur Yueh Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore
| | - Ross A. Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology; National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; National University Health System; Singapore
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17
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Mayr J, Hager S, Koblmüller B, Klose MHM, Holste K, Fischer B, Pelivan K, Berger W, Heffeter P, Kowol CR, Keppler BK. EGFR-targeting peptide-coupled platinum(IV) complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:591-603. [PMID: 28405842 PMCID: PMC5443859 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The high mortality rate of lung cancer patients and the frequent occurrence of side effects during cancer therapy demonstrate the need for more selective and targeted drugs. An important and well-established target for lung cancer treatment is the occasionally mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). As platinum(II) drugs are still the most important therapeutics against lung cancer, we synthesized in this study the first platinum(IV) complexes coupled to the EGFR-targeting peptide LARLLT (and the shuffled RTALLL as reference). Notably, HPLC–MS measurements revealed two different peaks with the same molecular mass, which turned out to be a transcyclization reaction in the linker between maleimide and the coupled cysteine moiety. With regard to the EGFR specificity, subsequent biological investigations (3-day viability, 14-day clonogenic assays and platinum uptake) on four different cell lines with different verified EGFR expression levels were performed. Unexpectedly, the results showed neither an enhanced activity nor an EGFR expression-dependent uptake of our new compounds. Consequently, fluorophore-coupled peptides were synthesized to re-evaluate the targeting ability of LARLLT itself. However, also with these molecules, flow cytometry measurements showed no correlation of drug uptake with the EGFR expression levels. Taken together, we successfully synthesized the first platinum(IV) complexes coupled to an EGFR-targeting peptide; however, the biological investigations revealed that LARLLT is not an appropriate peptide for enhancing the specific uptake of small-molecule drugs into EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Mayr
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Hager
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Koblmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias H M Klose
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Holste
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Britta Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla Pelivan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster ''Translational Cancer Therapy Research'', University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Research Cluster ''Translational Cancer Therapy Research'', University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Research Cluster ''Translational Cancer Therapy Research'', University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster ''Translational Cancer Therapy Research'', University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Lin HY, Sun WX, Zheng CS, Han HW, Wang X, Zhang YH, Qiu HY, Tang CY, Qi JL, Lu GH, Yang RW, Wang XM, Yang YH. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of formononetin derivatives as novel EGFR inhibitors via inhibiting growth, migration and inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cell line. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel formononetin derivative 4v inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis through targeting EGFR.
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19
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Abstract
Lung cancer, primarily non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and worldwide. While early detection significantly improves five-year survival, there are no reliable diagnostic tools for early detection. Several exosomal microRNAs (miRs) are overexpressed in NSCLC, and have been suggested as potential biomarkers for early detection. The present paper develops a mathematical model for early stage of NSCLC with emphasis on the role of the three highest overexpressed miRs, namely miR-21, miR-205 and miR-155. Simulations of the model provide quantitative relationships between the tumor volume and the total mass of each of the above miRs in the tumor. Because of the positive correlation between these miRs in the tumor tissue and in the blood, the results of the paper may be viewed as a first step toward establishing a combination of miRs 21, 205, 155 and possibly other miRs as serum biomarkers for early detection of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Lai
- Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Bioscience Institute & Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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20
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Yamamoto N, Goto K, Nishio M, Chikamori K, Hida T, Maemondo M, Katakami N, Kozuki T, Yoshioka H, Seto T, Tajima K, Tamura T. Final overall survival in JO22903, a phase II, open-label study of first-line erlotinib for Japanese patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 22:70-8. [PMID: 27659294 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-1039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, the clinical efficacy of erlotinib monotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer was demonstrated in the phase II JO22903 trial, which reported a median progression-free survival of 11.8 months. Here we report final overall survival data from JO22903. METHODS JO22903 (JapicCTI-101085) was a single-arm, multicenter, phase II, open-label, non-randomized study of first-line erlotinib monotherapy in EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Eligible patients (≥20 years) with stage IIIB/IV or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer and confirmed activating mutations of EGFR (exon 19 deletion or L858R point mutation in exon 21) received oral erlotinib 150 mg/day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival and safety; overall survival was a secondary endpoint. RESULTS At the final analysis, 102 patients were included in the modified intent-to-treat population and 103 in the safety population. Median follow-up was 32.3 months. Median overall survival was 36.3 months (95 % confidence interval 29.4-not reached). Subgroup analyses of overall survival suggested that the presence of brain metastases was a negative prognostic factor (median overall survival 22.7 months, 95 % confidence interval 19.6-29.4). The impact on overall survival of using versus not using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in any line of treatment following disease progression was unclear (median 32.8 versus 36.3 months, respectively). No new safety issues were observed. CONCLUSION In this survival update, single-agent erlotinib achieved a median overall survival of more than 3 years in patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.
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21
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Atagi S, Goto K, Seto T, Yamamoto N, Tamura T, Tajima K, Inagaki N. Erlotinib for Japanese patients with activating EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: combined analyses from two Phase II studies. Future Oncol 2016; 12:2117-26. [PMID: 27267081 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the efficacy and safety of erlotinib, and patient characteristics affecting progression-free survival (PFS), by analyzing data from two Phase II studies of first-line erlotinib in activating EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS Data were combined from patients who received first-line erlotinib monotherapy in JO22903 (single-arm study; JapicCTI-101085) and JO25567 (randomized study; JapicCTI-111390). RESULTS Median PFS was 10.9 months in efficacy-evaluable patients (n = 177). Major adverse events were dermatologic; no new safety signals were observed. Baseline pleural/cardiac effusion notably affected PFS (yes median 8.0 months vs no median 15.3 months) as confirmed in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.25-0.58). CONCLUSION Efficacy and safety of erlotinib monotherapy were consistent with previous studies. Baseline pleural/pericardial effusion was associated with shorter PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Goto
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Iaboni M, Russo V, Fontanella R, Roscigno G, Fiore D, Donnarumma E, Esposito CL, Quintavalle C, Giangrande PH, de Franciscis V, Condorelli G. Aptamer-miRNA-212 Conjugate Sensitizes NSCLC Cells to TRAIL. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2016; 5:e289. [PMID: 27111415 PMCID: PMC5014461 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising antitumor agent for its remarkable ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, without affecting the viability of healthy bystander cells. The TRAIL tumor suppressor pathway is deregulated in many human malignancies including lung cancer. In human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, sensitization to TRAIL therapy can be restored by increasing the expression levels of the tumor suppressor microRNA-212 (miR-212) leading to inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein PED/PEA-15 implicated in treatment resistance. In this study, we exploited a previously described RNA aptamer inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase receptor Axl (GL21.T) expressed on lung cancer cells, as a means to deliver miR-212 into human NSCLC cells expressing Axl. We demonstrate efficient delivery of miR-212 following conjugation of the miR to GL21.T (GL21.T-miR212 chimera). We show that the chimera downregulates PED and restores TRAIL-mediate cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Importantly, treatment of Axl+ lung cancer cells with the chimera resulted in (i) an increase in caspase activation and (ii) a reduction of cell viability in combination with TRAIL therapy. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the GL21.T-miR212 chimera can be employed as an adjuvant to TRAIL therapy for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Iaboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Danilo Fiore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
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23
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24
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Hasenahuer MA, Parisi G, Gautier M, Lazarowski A, Bramuglia GF, Fornasari MS. Twenty-One Novel EGFR Kinase Domain variants in Patients with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Hum Genet 2015; 79:385-93. [PMID: 26420346 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Somatic sequence variants in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase domain are associated with sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients exhibiting sequence variants in this domain that produce kinase activity enhancement, are more likely to benefit from TKIs than patients with EGFR wild-type disease. Although most NSCLC EGFR-related alleles are concentrated in a few positions, established protocols recommend sequencing EGFR exons 18-21. In this study, 21 novel somatic variants belonging to such exons in adult Argentinean patients affected with NSCLC are reported. Of these, 18 were single amino acid substitutions (SASs), occurring alone or in combination with another genetic alteration (complex cases), one was a short deletion, one was a short deletion-short insertion combination, and one was a duplication. New variants and different combinations of previously reported variants were also found. Moreover, two of the reported SASs occurred in previously unreported positions of the EGFR kinase domain. In order to characterize the new sequence variants, physicochemical, sequence and conformational analyses were also performed. A better understanding of sequence variants in NSCLC may facilitate the most appropriate treatment choice for this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia A Hasenahuer
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Parisi
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marien Gautier
- Fundación Investigar. Riobamba 429 Piso 15, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, (C1022AAT), Argentina
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Fundación Investigar. Riobamba 429 Piso 15, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, (C1022AAT), Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, (C1113AAD), Argentina
| | - Guillermo F Bramuglia
- Fundación Investigar. Riobamba 429 Piso 15, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, (C1022AAT), Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, (C1113AAD), Argentina
| | - Maria Silvina Fornasari
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Sundby E, Han J, Kaspersen SJ, Hoff BH. In vitro baselining of new pyrrolopyrimidine EGFR-TK inhibitors with Erlotinib. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 80:56-65. [PMID: 26296860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are useful in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, and show promise in combination therapy settings. Two novel chiral pyrrolopyrimidines have been baselined towards Erlotinib, Lapatinib and Dasatinib using in vitro cellular studies and ADME profiling. One of these, (S)-2-((6-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-phenylethan-1-ol, was more active than Erlotinib in lung and breast cancer cell models. The compound also had promising activity towards ovarian cancer cell lines, while low activity was seen towards cells of haematological origin. ADME profiling revealed good solubility, higher metabolic stability than Erlotinib and no inhibitory effect towards the hERG voltage-gated ion channel. Investigation of inhibitory potency towards 6 CYP isoforms generally revealed low inhibitory potency, but in the case of CYP3A4, a substrate dependent inhibition was noted using testosterone as substrate (IC50: 12.5μM). No cellular or gene toxicity was noted for the compounds or products of phase I metabolism. However, permeability studies using Caco-2 cells revealed a high efflux ratio. Further experiments using ABC transporter inhibitors revealed that the pyrrolopyrimidines are actively transported by the breast cancer resistant protein and P-glycoprotein transporters, which might prevent their further development into drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Sundby
- Sør-Trøndelag University College, E. C. Dahls gt. 2, NO-7004 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jin Han
- Sør-Trøndelag University College, E. C. Dahls gt. 2, NO-7004 Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Svein Jacob Kaspersen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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26
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Abstract
The oncogenic role of EGFR in many tumors has attracted a great deal of attention in the recent years and initiated the development of several potent EGFR inhibitors, which are used clinically for cancer treatment. However, the current therapeutic inhibition of EGFR signaling is limited to monoclonal antibodies that bind to the EGFR extracellular domain or tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block EGFR kinase activation directly. Despite the great promise of these inhibitors, a certain percentage of patients develop resistance to these therapies, highlighting the necessity for alternative therapeutic strategies based on our most current knowledge of the mechanisms of EGFR signaling. We recently reported that Plakofilin-2 (PKP2) is a novel ligand-independent cytoplasmic activator of EGFR signaling. Here we focus on recent studies demonstrating important roles of intracellular EGFR activators, and propose targeted disruption of these activators as a novel avenue of therapeutic intervention to inhibit EGFR-mediated cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center ; Department of Pathology and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Mohamed Suhaimi NA, Foong YM, Lee DYS, Phyo WM, Cima I, Lee EXW, Goh WL, Lim WY, Chia KS, Kong SL, Gong M, Lim B, Hillmer AM, Koh PK, Ying JY, Tan MH. Non-invasive sensitive detection of KRAS and BRAF mutation in circulating tumor cells of colorectal cancer patients. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:850-60. [PMID: 25605225 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of genetic alterations in tumor biopsies serves as useful biomarkers in prognosis and treatment management. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) obtained non-invasively from peripheral blood could serve as a tumor proxy. Using a label-free CTC enrichment strategy that we have established, we aimed to develop sensitive assays for qualitative assessment of tumor genotype in patients. Blood consecutively obtained from 44 patients with local and advanced colorectal cancer and 18 healthy donors were enriched for CTCs using a size-based microsieve technology. To screen for CTC mutations, we established high-resolution melt (HRM) and allele-specific PCR (ASPCR) KRAS-codon 12/13- and BRAF-codon 600- specific assays, and compared the performance with pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing. For each patient, the resulting CTC genotypes were compared with matched tumor and normal tissues. Both HRM and ASPCR could detect as low as 1.25% KRAS- or BRAF-mutant alleles. HRM detected 14/44 (31.8%) patients with KRAS mutation in CTCs and 5/44 (11.3%) patients having BRAF mutation in CTCs. ASPCR detected KRAS and BRAF mutations in CTCs of 10/44 (22.7%) and 1/44 (2.3%) patients respectively. There was an increased detection of mutation in blood using these two methods. Comparing tumor tissues and CTCs mutation status using HRM, we observed 84.1% concordance in KRAS genotype (p = 0.000129, Fishers' exact test; OR = 38.7, 95% CI = 4.05-369) and 90.9% (p = 0.174) concordance in BRAF genotype. Our results demonstrate that CTC enrichment, coupled with sensitive mutation detection methods, may allow rapid, sensitive and non-invasive assessment of tumor genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Miin Foong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | | | - Wai Min Phyo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | - Igor Cima
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Lin Goh
- Fortis Surgical Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Min Gong
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bing Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Poh Koon Koh
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Fortis Surgical Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jackie Y Ying
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | - Min-Han Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
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28
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Rosa R, Monteleone F, Zambrano N, Bianco R. In vitro and in vivo models for analysis of resistance to anticancer molecular therapies. Curr Med Chem 2014; 21:1595-606. [PMID: 23992330 PMCID: PMC4082167 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113209990226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of classical and molecular therapies in cancer is hampered by the occurrence of primary (intrinsic) and secondary (acquired) refractoriness of tumours to selected therapeutic regimens. Nevertheless, the increased knowledge of the genetic, molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying cancer results in the generation of a correspondingly increasing number of druggable targets and molecular drugs. Thus, a current challenge in molecular oncology and medicinal chemistry is to cope with the increased need for modelling, both in cellular and animal systems, the genetic assets associated to cancer resistance to drugs. In this review, we summarize the current strategies for generation and analysis of in vitro and in vivo models, which may reveal useful to extract information on the molecular basis of intrinsic and acquired resistance to anticancer molecular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Bianco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia and Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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29
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Kaspersen SJ, Han J, Nørsett KG, Rydså L, Kjøbli E, Bugge S, Bjørkøy G, Sundby E, Hoff BH. Identification of new 4-N-substituted 6-aryl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-amines as highly potent EGFR-TK inhibitors with Src-family activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 59:69-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Schenone S, Radi M, Musumeci F, Brullo C, Botta M. Biologically Driven Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines As Protein Kinase Inhibitors: An Old Scaffold As a New Tool for Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Studies. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7189-238. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400270z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma Viale delle
Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro
Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science
Building, Suite 333, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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31
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Idowu MO. Epidermal growth factor receptor in lung cancer: The amazing interplay of molecular testing and cytopathology. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 121:540-3. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Idowu
- Department of Pathology; Virginia Commonwealth University Health System; Richmond Virginia
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