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Birdane YO, Atik H, Atik O, Aslan R. Mandarin peel ethanolic extract attenuates diclofenac sodium induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:180-190. [PMID: 36541068 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2158848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute approximately one-third of the global pharmaceutical market and are the first drugs of choice when treating fever and pain. Furthermore, among NSAIDs, the use of diclofenac sodium (DS) is preferred as it is a strong inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme. However, despite its strong efficacy, DS is known for its potential to cause hepatorenal damage. Currently, to mitigate the adverse effects of certain drugs, medically effective agricultural products are often preferred as they are inexpensive, effective and safe. One such agricultural product-mandarin-is noteworthy for its high phenolic contents. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of mandarin peel ethanolic extract (MPEE) in protecting against hepatorenal damage induced by DS. Four groups (six/group) of adult male albino rats received oral administration of physiological saline (control group), DS (10 mg/kg body weight), MPEE (200 mg/kg body weight), and DS + MPEE for 7 days. Rats in the DS group showed increased serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, CRE, and UA. Furthermore, the hepatic and renal tissue levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β increased, whereas those of GSH, SOD, GP-x and IL-10 decreased (p < 0.05). Investigation of MPEE in terms of its effects on biochemical, oxidative and inflammatory parameters, it exerted protective and healing effects. Therefore, MPEE can be used to ameliorate DS-induced hepatorenal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Osman Birdane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Hülya Atik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Orkun Atik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Recep Aslan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Attia H, Badr A, Alshehri O, Alsulaiman W, Alshanwani A, Alshehri S, Arafa M, Hasan I, Ali R. The Protective Effects of Vitamin B Complex on Diclofenac Sodium-Induced Nephrotoxicity: The Role of NOX4/RhoA/ROCK. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-01996-6. [PMID: 38413451 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium (DIC) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Unfortunately, its prolonged use is associated with nephrotoxicity due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effects of vitamin B complex (B1, B6, B12) against DIC-induced nephrotoxicity and its impact on NOX4/RhoA/ROCK, a pathway that plays a vital role in renal pathophysiology. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) normal control; (2) vitamin B complex (16 mg/kg B1, 16 mg/kg B6, 0.16 mg/kg B12, intraperitoneal); (3) DIC (10 mg/kg, intramuscular); and (4) DIC plus vitamin B complex group. After 14 days, the following were assayed: serum renal biomarkers (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, kidney injury molecule-1), oxidative stress, inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6), and fibrotic (transforming growth factor-β) markers as well as the protein levels of NOX4, RhoA, and ROCK. Structural changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis were detected using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains. Compared to DIC, vitamin B complex significantly decreased the renal function biomarkers, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and fibrotic cytokines. Glomerular and tubular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and excessive collagen accumulation were also reduced. Protein levels of NOX4, RhoA, and ROCK were significantly elevated by DIC, and this elevation was ameliorated by vitamin B complex. In conclusion, vitamin B complex administration could be a renoprotective approach during treatment with DIC via, at least in part, suppressing the NOX4/RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amira Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Orjuwan Alshehri
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Alsulaiman
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliah Alshanwani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiyah Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Arafa
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Abdellatif KR, Abdelall EK, Lamie PF, Labib MB, Abdelhakeem MM, Abdel-Fattah MM, El-Nahaas ES. Novel pyrazole-oxadiazole hybrids possessing methanesulphonyl pharmacophore with good gastric safety profile: Design, synthesis, cyclooxygenase inhibition, anti-inflammatory activity and histopathological studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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El-Dershaby NH, El-Hawash SA, Kassab SE, Daabees HG, Abdel Moneim AE, El-Miligy MMM. Rational Design and Synthesis of New Selective COX-2 Inhibitors with In Vivo PGE2-Lowering Activity by Tethering Benzenesulfonamide and 1,2,3-Triazole Pharmacophores to Some NSAIDs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101165. [PMID: 36297278 PMCID: PMC9609428 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New selective COX-2 inhibitors were designed and synthesized by tethering 1,2,3-triazole and benzenesulfonamide pharmacophores to some NSAIDs. Compounds 6b and 6j showed higher in vitro COX-2 selectivity and inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.04 µM and S.I. = 329 and 312, respectively) than celecoxib (IC50 = 0.05 µM and S.I. = 294). Compound 6e revealed equipotent in vitro COX-2 inhibitory activity to celecoxib. Furthermore, 6b and 6j expressed more potent relief of carrageenan-induced paw edema thickness in mice than celecoxib, with ED50 values of 11.74 µmol/kg and 13.38 µmol/kg vs. 16.24 µmol/kg, respectively. Compounds 6b and 6j inhibited the production of PGE2 with a % inhibition of PGE2 production of 90.70% and 86.34%, respectively, exceeding celecoxib’s percentage (78.62%). Moreover, 6b and 6j demonstrated a gastric safety profile comparable to celecoxib. In conclusion, compounds 6b and 6j better achieved the target goal as more potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors than celecoxib in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H. El-Dershaby
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Soad A. El-Hawash
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa E. Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Hoda G. Daabees
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. M. El-Miligy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Carter JA, Black LK, Sharma D, Bhagnani T, Jahr JS. Efficacy of non-opioid analgesics to control postoperative pain: a network meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:272. [PMID: 33109098 PMCID: PMC7592505 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) Meloxicam 30 mg (MIV), an investigational non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and certain other IV non-opioid analgesics for moderate-severe acute postoperative pain. Methods We searched PubMed and CENTRAL for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) (years 2000–2019, adult human subjects) of IV non-opioid analgesics (IV NSAIDs or IV Acetaminophen) used to treat acute pain after abdominal, hysterectomy, bunionectomy or orthopedic procedures. A Bayesian NMA was conducted in R to rank treatments based on the standardized mean differences in sum of pain intensity difference from baseline up to 24 h postoperatively (sum of pain intensity difference: SPID 24). The probability and the cumulative probability of rank for each treatment were calculated, and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was applied to distinguish treatments on the basis of their outcomes such that higher SUCRA values indicate better outcomes. The study protocol was prospectively registered with by PROSPERO (CRD42019117360). Results Out of 2313 screened studies, 27 studies with 36 comparative observations were included, producing a treatment network that included the four non-opioid IV pain medications of interest (MIV, ketorolac, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen). MIV was associated with the largest SPID 24 for all procedure categories and comparators. The SUCRA ranking table indicated that MIV had the highest probability for the most effective treatment for abdominal (89.5%), bunionectomy (100%), and hysterectomy (99.8%). MIV was associated with significantly less MME utilization versus all comparators for abdominal procedures, hysterectomy, and versus acetaminophen in orthopedic procedures. Elsewhere MME utilization outcomes for MIV were largely equivalent or nominally better than other comparators. Odds of ORADEs were significantly higher for all comparators vs MIV for orthopedic (gastrointestinal) and hysterectomy (respiratory). Conclusions MIV 30 mg may provide better pain reduction with similar or better safety compared to other approved IV non-opioid analgesics. Caution is warranted in interpreting these results as all comparisons involving MIV were indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Carter
- Blue Point LLC, 711 Warrenville Road, Wheaton, IL, 60189, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan S Jahr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Development of ibuprofen-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle-based hydrogels for enhanced in vitro dermal permeation and in vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Heidarpoor Saremi L, Ebrahimi A, Lagzian M. Identification of new potential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: insight from high throughput virtual screening of 18 million compounds combined with molecular dynamic simulation and quantum mechanics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1717-1734. [PMID: 32122267 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1737574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase isoenzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) have a critical role in inflammation, fever, and pain. In contrary to COX-1, COX-2 is specifically expressed in inflamed tissues. Because of the subtle difference between both enzyme active sites, targeting COX-2 represents an efficient strategy for the development of novel inhibitors against inflammation with fewer side effects. In order to identify potential inhibitors of COX-2, more than 18,000,000 small molecules were retrieved from the ZINC database and virtually screened against it with a gradual increase in the precision through combined multistep docking. The results were sorted according to the rank-by-rank, induced-fit docking, and MM-GBSA evaluation. Subsequently from the final hit list, two top hits along with an approved selective inhibitor (celecoxib) were further investigated by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results were indicated that ZINC16934653 and ZINC40484701 demonstrate the highest affinity for the COX-2 binding pocket. Both ligands were bound to the important active-site residues, which are necessary for the correct orientation of inhibitors inside the binding cavity. Their binding free energies were comparable to celecoxib. 100 ns MD simulation is revealed that ZINC40484701 is more preferred in comparison with ZINC16934653 and celecoxib. In addition, non-covalent interactions between the compounds and key residues located in 6 Å distance from the COX-2 binding site show similar patterns of bonding by the reduced density gradient and the independent gradient model. Therefore, ZINC40484701 can be a potential candidate for further in vitro and in vivo analysis after lead-optimization efforts.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leily Heidarpoor Saremi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Milad Lagzian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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Hameed HA, Khan S, Shahid M, Ullah R, Bari A, Ali SS, Hussain Z, Sohail M, Khan SU, Htar TT. Engineering of Naproxen Loaded Polymer Hybrid Enteric Microspheres for Modified Release Tablets: Development, Characterization, in silico Modelling and in vivo Evaluation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:27-41. [PMID: 32021089 PMCID: PMC6954845 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s232111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naproxen (NP) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability, which may lead to therapeutic failure. NP causes crucial GIT irritation, bleeding, and peptic and duodenal ulcers. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study aimed to engineer and characterize polymer hybrid enteric microspheres using an integrated (experimental and molecular modelling) approach with further development to solid dosage form with modified drug release kinetics and improved bioavailability. MATERIALS AND METHODS NP loaded polymer hybrid enteric microspheres (PHE-Ms) were fabricated by using a modified solvent evaporation technique coupled with molecular modelling (MM) approach. The PHE-Ms were characterized by particle size, distribution, morphology, crystallinity, EE, drug-polymer compatibility, and DSC. The optimized NP loaded PHE-Ms were further subjected to downstream procedures including tablet dosage form development, stability studies and comparative in vitro-in vivo evaluation. RESULTS The hydrophobic polymer EUD-L100 and hydrophilic polymer HPMC-E5 delayed and modified drug release at intestinal pH while imparting retardation of NP release at gastric pH to diminish the gastric side effects. The crystallinity of the NP loaded PHE-Ms was established through DSC and P (XRD). The particle size for the developed formulations of PEH-Ms (M1-M5) was in the range from 29.06 ±7.3-74.31 ± 17.7 μm with Span index values of 0.491-0.69, respectively. The produced NP hybrid microspheres demonstrated retarded drug release at pH 1.2 and improved dissolution at pH 6.8. The in vitro drug release patterns were fitted to various release kinetic models and the best-followed model was the Higuchi model with a release exponent "n" value > 0.5. Stability studies at different storage conditions confirmed stability of the NP loaded PHE-Ms based tablets (P<0.05). The molecular modelling (MM) study resulted in adequate binding energy of co-polymer complex SLS-Eudragit-HPMC-Naproxen (-3.9 kcal/mol). In contrast to the NP (unprocessed) and marketed formulations, a significant increase in the Cmax of PHE-MT1 (44.41±4.43) was observed. CONCLUSION The current study concludes that developing NP loaded PHE-Ms based tablets could effectively reduce GIT consequences with restored therapeutic effects. The modified release pattern could improve the dissolution rate and enhancement of oral bioavailability. The MM study strengthens the polymer-drug relationship in microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Afeera Hameed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa18800, Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa18800, Pakistan
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban4000, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Saeed Ali
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
| | - Shafi Ullah Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya47500, Malaysia
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya47500, Malaysia
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Abdellatif KRA, Abdelall EKA, Lamie PF, Labib MB, El-Nahaas ES, Abdelhakeem MM. New pyrazole derivatives possessing amino/methanesulphonyl pharmacophore with good gastric safety profile: Design, synthesis, cyclooxygenase inhibition, anti-inflammatory activity and histopathological studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103540. [PMID: 31911297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
New series of pyrazole derivatives Va-c, VIa-c, VIIa-f, and VIII possessing amino/methanesulphonyl moiety as COX-2 pharmacophore were designed and synthesized. All compounds were evaluated for both in vitro COX inhibition and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and all of them were more potent against COX-2 than COX-1 isozyme and showed good in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds Va, VIa, VIc and VIIa-c showed good COX-2 SI (246.8-353.8) in comparison with the COX-2 selective drug; celecoxib (326.7). Also, they showed good anti-inflammatory activity with edema inhibition (51-86 and 83-96%) relative to celecoxib (60.6 and 82.8%) after 3 and 5 h respectively. Additionally, these potent derivatives Va, VIa, VIc and VIIa-c were significantly less ulcerogenic (ulcer indexes = 0.7-2.0) than indomethacin (ulcer index = 21.3) and were of acceptable ulcerogenicity when compared with the non-ulcerogenic reference drug celecoxib (ulcer index = 1.3). The obtained ulcerogenic liability data revealed the gastric safety of these derivatives which was confirmed by the histopathological studies. Docking study was performed for all synthesized derivatives to explain their interaction with COX-2 receptor active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled R A Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah 21418, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman K A Abdelall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Phoebe F Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Madlen B Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahaas
- Departement of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdelhakeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Synthesis of new pyrazoles and pyrozolo [3,4-b] pyridines as anti-inflammatory agents by inhibition of COX-2 enzyme. Bioorg Chem 2019; 83:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Moghaddam NSA, Oskouie MN, Butler AE, Petit PX, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Hormetic effects of curcumin: What is the evidence? J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10060-10071. [PMID: 30515809 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a component of the yellow powder prepared from the roots of Curcuma longa or Zingiberaceae (known as turmeric) is not only widely used to color and flavor food but also used as a pharmaceutical agent. Curcumin demonstrates anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiaging, and antioxidant activity, as well as efficacy in wound healing. Notably, curcumin is a hormetic agent (hormetin), as it is stimulatory at low doses and inhibitory at high doses. Hormesis by curcumin could be also a particular function at low doses (i.e., antioxidant behavior) and another function at high dose (i.e., induction of autophagy and cell death). Recent findings suggest that curcumin exhibits biphasic dose-responses on cells, with low doses having stronger effects than high doses; examples being activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway or antioxidant activity. This indicates that many effects induced by curcumin are dependent on dose and some effects might be greater at lower doses, indicative of a hormetic response. Despite the consistent occurrence of hormetic responses of curcumin in a wide range of biomedical models, epidemiological and clinical trials are needed to assess the nature of curcumin's dose-response in humans. Fortunately, more than one hundred clinical trials with curcumin and curcumin derivatives are ongoing. In this review, we provide the first comprehensive analysis supportive of the hormetic behavior of curcumin and curcumin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Nosrati Oskouie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrice X Petit
- CNRS FR3636 Institut de Neurosciences "Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling," Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Synthesis and biological properties of aryl methyl sulfones. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4113-4126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Zhou WZ, Zhao TY, Wang ZY, Lu GY, Zhang SZ, Zhang C, Wu N, Li J. Synergistic antinociception between ZC88, an N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker, and ibuprofen in mouse models of visceral and somatic inflammatory pain. Eur J Pain 2018; 23:46-56. [PMID: 29978517 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of analgesic agents with different mechanisms can induce additive or synergistic analgesia. The N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (N-VDCC) is a novel therapeutic target for pain control. In addition to providing effective pain relief when used alone, N-VDCC blockers produce synergistic analgesia when used in combination with opiates. However, the interaction between N-VDCC blockers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remains unclear. METHODS Using isobolographic analysis and composite additive curve analysis, the antinociceptive interaction between ZC88, a selective N-VDCC blocker and ibuprofen, a classical NSAID, was investigated in two mouse models of visceral and somatic inflammatory pain. RESULTS In the acetic acid writhing test, both ZC88 (10.5-42 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and ibuprofen (50-200 mg/kg, orally) produced dose-dependent antinociception, with ED50 values of 27.2 and 100.5 mg/kg, respectively. ZC88 in combination with ibuprofen (ZC88 + ibuprofen) also induced significant antinociception, and isobolographic analysis revealed a synergistic interaction at 50% effect level. The experimental ED50 (ED50 mix ) of this combination (34.5 mg/kg) was significantly lower than the theoretical ED50 (ED50 add ; 63.8 mg/kg). Additionally, composite additive curve analysis displayed synergistic interaction at other effect levels. In the formalin test, ZC88 or ibuprofen alone significantly reduced late-phase rather than early-phase pain, with ED50 values of 31.3 and 123.9 mg/kg, respectively. Similarly, both isobolographic analysis and composite additive curve analysis revealed synergistic antinociception of ZC88 + ibuprofen (40.6 mg/kg of ED50 mix vs. 77.6 mg/kg of ED50 add ). CONCLUSION ZC88 in combination with ibuprofen produces synergistic antinociception in mouse models of somatic and visceral inflammatory pain. SIGNIFICANCE Because ZC88 + ibuprofen achieves the same antinociceptive effect at lower doses, the use of this combination could result in fewer dose-related untoward effects. The potentiation of ZC88 on ibuprofen-induced antinociception indicates that N-VDCC blocker has potential benefit to treat severe inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Z Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - T-Y Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - Z-Y Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - G-Y Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - S-Z Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - C Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - N Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - J Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
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Evaluation of the Celecoxib Effect against Radiotherapy Induced Acute Toxicities in the Patients with Prostate Cancer Compared with Placebo Group. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.9484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Ahmed AY, Gad AM, El-Raouf OMA. Curcumin ameliorates diclofenac sodium-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmady Y. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research; NODCAR; Giza Egypt
| | - Amany M. Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research; NODCAR; Giza Egypt
| | - Ola M. Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research; NODCAR; Giza Egypt
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Ahmed AY, Gad AM, El-Raouf OMA. Curcumin ameliorates diclofenac sodium-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28800174 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to drugs often results in toxicity in the kidney which represents the major control system maintaining homeostasis of the body and thus is especially susceptible to xenobiotics. Nephrotoxicity is a life-threatening side-effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Diclofenac is one of the most frequently prescribed NSAIDs and have been reported to cause multiple organs damage. Curcumin (CUR) exhibits nephroprotective properties. Therefore, rats were divided into four groups; rats of groups 3 and 4 received diclofenac (100 mg/kg, i.m.), whereas rats of groups 2 and 4 received CUR (100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 days. Diclofenac revealed a significant increase in urea and creatinine levels and malondialdehyde concentration and marked reduction in catalase activity and reduced glutathione concentration. Histopathologically, diclofenac produced fatty changes and eosinophilic casts were detected in the renal tubules, those were attenuated by administration of CUR prior diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmady Y Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola M Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
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El-Shafei RA, Saleh RM. Pharmacological effects of Vitamin C & E on Diclofenac Sodium intoxicated Rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:314-322. [PMID: 27665477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable protective effect of vitamin C and vitamin E on diclofenac-induced acute nephrotoxicity using biochemical, molecular and histopathological examination in rats following administration of diclofenac sodium (50mg/kg, I.M). METHODS Ninety male Wister rats were allotted in six equal groups. Rats in the 1st group (control group) were injected with physiological saline, while rats in the 2nd group (C-group) were given vitamin C (100mg/kg orally via stomach tube) for 5 successive days. The 3rd group (E-group) was given vitamin E (250mg/kg orally in diet) for 5 successive days. Rats in the 4th group (D-group) were injected by diclofenac sodium (50mg/kg, I.M) for 5 successive days. The 5th group (DvC-group) was given diclofenac sodium (50mg/kg, I.M) and vitamin C (100mg/kg orally via stomach tube) for 5 successive days. Rats in the 6th group (DvE-group) were given diclofenac sodium (50mg/kg, I.M) and vitamin E (250mg/kg orally in diet) for 5 successive days. Blood samples were collected two days post treatment (1st week of experiment), 2nd and 4th week of the experiment for assessment of urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase activities. At the end of 4th week, rats were sacrificed and kidneys were excised for biochemical analyses, histopathological evaluation and determination of kidney interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, demsin and nepherin expressions in by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The results showed that, diclofenac induced severe kidney damage as indicated by histopathological changes and increased serum oxidative stress parameters. Behavioral changes were monitored; a significant increase in uremia in intoxicated animals was also noted indicating that diclofenac sodium provoked kidney damage in rats. Application of vitamin C (DvC-group) and vitamin E (DvE-group) were found to improve the abovementioned abnormalities. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that, vitamin C and vitamin E might play an important role in reducing oxidative stress and kidney damage induced by diclofenac sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A El-Shafei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Saleh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Bakr RB, Azouz AA, Abdellatif KRA. Synthesis, cyclooxygenase inhibition, anti-inflammatory evaluation and ulcerogenic liability of new 1-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:6-12. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1186018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rania B. Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, and
| | - Amany A. Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Arslan H, Aktaş A, Elibol E, Esener OBB, Türkmen AP, Yurt KK, Onger ME, Altunkaynak BZ, Kaplan S. Effects of prenatal diclofenac sodium exposure on newborn testis: a histomorphometric study. Biotech Histochem 2016; 91:277-82. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2016.1151551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Sahu CR. Mechanisms Involved in Toxicity of Liver Caused by Piroxicam in Mice and Protective Effects of Leaf Extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2016; 9:9-13. [PMID: 26819562 PMCID: PMC4720181 DOI: 10.4137/cmamd.s29463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Piroxicam is one of the important therapeutic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory class of drugs used mainly to suppress pain and inflammation in arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders. Besides being anti-inflammatory, these drugs are analgesic and antipyretic often used for the relief of nonspecific fever condition. Recently, piroxicam has also gained attention as an effective therapy for tumors, colorectal, and invasive bladder cancers. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the protective effects of the alcoholic leaf extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (AEH), Malvaceae, against piroxicam-induced toxicity in mice. Sixty adult Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) were divided into four groups (n = 10), which included a control group, a group treated orally with AEH (30 mg kg(-1) b.w.) for 15 days, a group treated orally with piroxicam (6.6 mg kg(-1) b.w.) for 15 days, and another group treated orally with piroxicam and AEH for 15 days. The results indicated that treatment with piroxicam alone resulted in a significant increase in the activities of serum marker enzymes, namely, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase with profound hepatic lipid peroxidation as evidenced by a marked increment in the level of thoibarbituric acid reactive substances along with a distinct diminution in reduced glutathoine content and various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver. However, treatment with AEH during piroxicam treatment retrieved or partially antagonized the effects induced by piroxicam toward the normal values of controls. Histopathological observations also corroborate with the above findings. It can be concluded that AEH exhibited a protective action against piroxicam toxicity and effective in combating oxidative stress-induced hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Sahu
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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Horimoto AMC, da Costa IP. Overlap between systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis: a distinct clinical entity? REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2015; 56:287-98. [PMID: 27476621 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue characterized by the triad of vascular injury, autoimmunity (cellular and humoral) and tissue fibrosis. It is estimated that musculoskeletal pain is a common complaint of patients with SSc, ranging from 40 to 80%, and mainly in patients with early diffuse disease. Arthritis, clinically observed, may be a feature seen in the presentation of SSc, often leading to early diagnostic errors with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the course of the disease, arthritis is observed in 24-97% of patients with SSc. OBJECTIVES To correlate the occurrence or nonoccurrence of arthritis in patients with SSc of the Midwest region of Brazil with possible distinct clinical and laboratory manifestations observed in three groups of patients. To report the frequency of true association between systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis in patients with clinically and radiologically observed synovitis. METHODS Sixty-one SSc patients were subsequently assessed every 3 months within 1 year, in order to clinically observe the occurrence of synovitis and its patterns of progression. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 41 patients with SSc without arthritis, 16 SSc patients with arthritis and 4 patients with overlap of SSc and RA. All patients underwent a radiological examination of the hands at the end of the study. RESULTS Among all patients evaluated, we found a female predominance (98.7%), mean age of 50.94 years, white color (49.2%), limited form of the disease (47.6%), time of diagnosis between 5 and 10 years (47.6%) and duration of the disease of 8.30 years. Among all patients, 14 (22.9%) had positive rheumatoid factor (RF), while among those with positive RF, only 10 patients had arthritis during one-year follow-up. The antibody anticitrulline (anti-CCP) test was performed in 24 patients, being positive in 4 of them (16.7%), with positivity being observed only in patients with SSc/RA overlap. Comparing the clinical manifestations among the groups of patients, there was a higher incidence of gastritis and cardiac valvulopathy in patients with SSc and arthritis, but not in the others. In the group of patients with SSc/RA overlap and in patients with SSc and arthritis a significant reduction in quality of life was observed, measured by HAQ index, especially in patients with arthritis present during clinical evaluation. We found radiographic changes in 42.6% of patients with SSc. However, in patients with synovitis, radiological changes consistent with rheumatoid arthritis were found in 50% of patients. CONCLUSIONS While the frequency of clinical arthritis observed in patients with systemic sclerosis was 32.8%, the true overlap between of SSc and RA was 6.6% in this study. We also observed the frequency of positive anti-CCP in 20% of patients with arthritis versus no patients with SSc without arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izaias Pereira da Costa
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Horimoto AMC, Costa IPD. [Overlap between systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis: a distinct clinical entity?]. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2015; 56:S0482-5004(15)00030-3. [PMID: 25802129 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue characterized by the triad of vascular injury, autoimmunity (cellular and humoral) and tissue fibrosis. It is estimated that musculoskeletal pain is a common complaint of patients with SSc, ranging from 40 to 80%, and mainly in patients with early diffuse disease. Arthritis, clinically observed, may be a feature seen in the presentation of SSc, often leading to early diagnostic errors with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the course of the disease, arthritis is observed in 24 to 97% of patients with SSc. OBJECTIVES To correlate the occurrence or nonoccurrence of arthritis in patients with SSc of the Midwest region of Brazil with possible distinct clinical and laboratory manifestations observed in three groups of patients. To report the frequency of true association between systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis in patients with clinically and radiologically observed synovitis. METHODS Sixty-one SSc patients were subsequently assessed every 3 months within 1 year, in order to clinically observe the occurrence of synovitis and its patterns of progression. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 41 patients with SSc without arthritis, 16 SSc patients with arthritis and 4 patients with overlap of SSc and RA. All patients underwent a radiological examination of the hands at the end of the study. RESULTS Among all patients evaluated, we found a female predominance (98.7%), mean age of 50.94 years, white color (49.2%), limited form of the disease (47.6%), time of diagnosis between 5 to 10 years (47.6%) and duration of the disease of 8.30 years. Among all patients, 14 (22.9%) had positive rheumatoid factor (RF), while among those with positive RF, only 10 patients had arthritis during one-year follow-up. The antibody anticitrulline (anti-CCP) test was performed in 24 patients, being positive in 4 of them (16.7%), with positivity being observed only in patients with SSc/RA overlap. Comparing the clinical manifestations among the groups of patients, there was a higher incidence of gastritis and cardiac valvulopathy in patients with SSc and arthritis, but not in the others. In the group of patients with SSc/RA overlap and in patients with SSc and arthritis a significant reduction in quality of life was observed, measured by HAQ index, especially in patients with arthritis present during clinical evaluation. We found radiographic changes in 42.6% of patients with SSc. However, in patients with synovitis, radiological changes consistent with rheumatoid arthritis were found in 50% of patients. CONCLUSIONS While the frequency of clinical arthritis observed in patients with systemic sclerosis was 32.8%, the true overlap between of SSc and RA was 6.6% in this study. We also observed the frequency of positive anti-CCP in 20% of patients with arthritis versus no patients with SSc without arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izaias Pereira da Costa
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Goggin DE, Emery RJN, Kurepin LV, Powles SB. A potential role for endogenous microflora in dormancy release, cytokinin metabolism and the response to fluridone in Lolium rigidum seeds. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:293-301. [PMID: 25471097 PMCID: PMC4551082 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dormancy in Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) seeds can be alleviated by warm stratification in the dark or by application of fluridone, an inhibitor of plant abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis via phytoene desaturase. However, germination and absolute ABA concentration are not particularly strongly correlated. The aim of this study was to determine if cytokinins of both plant and bacterial origin are involved in mediating dormancy status and in the response to fluridone. METHODS Seeds with normal or greatly decreased (by dry heat pre-treatment) bacterial populations were stratified in the light or dark and in the presence or absence of fluridone in order to modify their dormancy status. Germination was assessed and seed cytokinin concentration and composition were measured in embryo-containing or embryo-free seed portions. KEY RESULTS Seeds lacking bacteria were no longer able to lose dormancy in the dark unless supplied with exogenous gibberellin or fluridone. Although these seeds showed a dramatic switch from active cytokinin free bases to O-glucosylated storage forms, the concentrations of individual cytokinin species were only weakly correlated to dormancy status. However, cytokinins of apparently bacterial origin were affected by fluridone and light treatment of the seeds. CONCLUSIONS It is probable that resident microflora contribute to dormancy status in L. rigidum seeds via a complex interaction between hormones of both plant and bacterial origin. This interaction needs to be taken into account in studies on endogenous seed hormones or the response of seeds to plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica E Goggin
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia, Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough K9J7B8, Canada and Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A3K7, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia, Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough K9J7B8, Canada and Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A3K7, Canada
| | - Leonid V Kurepin
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia, Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough K9J7B8, Canada and Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A3K7, Canada
| | - Stephen B Powles
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia, Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough K9J7B8, Canada and Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A3K7, Canada
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Shakil H, Saleem S. Genetic Deletion of Prostacyclin IP Receptor Exacerbates Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Aging Mice. Brain Sci 2014; 3:1095-108. [PMID: 24634780 PMCID: PMC3950203 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci3031095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient global cerebral ischemia causes delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region. It also induces an up regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which generates several metabolites of arachidonic acid, known as prostanoids, including Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). The present study investigated whether the PGI2 IP receptor plays an important role in brain injury after global cerebral ischemia in aged mice. Adult young (2-3 months) and aged (12-15 months) male C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) or IP receptor knockout (IP KO) mice underwent a 12 min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) or a sham surgery. Behavior tests (neurologic deficit and T-maze) were performed 3 and 7 days after BCCAO. After seven days of reperfusion, the numbers of cells positive for markers of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) were evaluated immunohistochemically. Interestingly, in young and aged IP KO ischemic mice, there was a significant increase (p < 0.01) in cognitive deficit, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron death, microglia and MPO activation, while p-CREB was reduced as compared to their corresponding WT controls. These data suggest that following ischemia, IP receptor deletion contributes to memory and cognitive deficits regulated by the CREB pathway and that treatment with IP receptor agonists could be a useful target to prevent harmful consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania Shakil
- Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Hamdard University, Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Sofiyan Saleem
- Center for Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Ibrahim MS, Twaij H, Giebaly DE, Nizam I, Haddad FS. Enhanced recovery in total hip replacement: a clinical review. Bone Joint J 2014; 95-B:1587-94. [PMID: 24293586 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.95b12.31303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outcome after total hip replacement has improved with the development of surgical techniques, better pain management and the introduction of enhanced recovery pathways. These pathways require a multidisciplinary team to manage pre-operative education, multimodal pain control and accelerated rehabilitation. The current economic climate and restricted budgets favour brief hospitalisation while minimising costs. This has put considerable pressure on hospitals to combine excellent results, early functional recovery and shorter admissions. In this review we present an evidence-based summary of some common interventions and methods, including pre-operative patient education, pre-emptive analgesia, local infiltration analgesia, pre-operative nutrition, the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields, peri-operative rehabilitation, wound dressings, different surgical techniques, minimally invasive surgery and fast-track joint replacement units.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ibrahim
- University College Hospital, Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
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Shah NG, Cowan MJ, Pickering E, Sareh H, Afshar M, Fox D, Marron J, Davis J, Herold K, Shanholtz CB, Hasday JD. Nonpharmacologic approach to minimizing shivering during surface cooling: a proof of principle study. J Crit Care 2012; 27:746.e1-8. [PMID: 22762936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study had 2 objectives: (1) to quantify the metabolic response to physical cooling in febrile patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and (2) to provide proof for the hypothesis that the efficiency of external cooling and the subsequent shivering response are influenced by site and temperature of surface cooling pads. METHODS To quantify shivering thermogenesis during surface cooling for fever, we monitored oxygen consumption (VO(2)) in 6 febrile patients with SIRS during conventional cooling with cooling blankets and ice packs. To begin to determine how location and temperature of surface cooling influence shivering, we compared 5 cooling protocols for inducing mild hypothermia in 6 healthy volunteers. RESULTS In the patients with SIRS, core temperature decreased 0.67 °C per hour, all patients shivered, VO(2) increased 57.6%, and blood pressure increased 15% during cooling. In healthy subjects, cooling with the 10 °C vest was most comfortable and removed heat most efficiently without shivering or VO(2) increase. Cooling with combined vest and thigh pads stimulated the most shivering and highest VO(2) and increased core temperature. Reducing vest temperature from 10 °C to 5 °C failed to increase heat removal secondary to cutaneous vasoconstriction. Capsaicin, an agonist for the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) warm-sensing channels, partially reversed this effect in 5 subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify the hazards of surface cooling in febrile critically ill patients and support the concept that optimization of cooling pad temperature and position may improve cooling efficiency and reduce shivering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav G Shah
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and the General Clinical Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Baltimore VA Medical Center, MD 21201, USA
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Ibrahim TS, Rashad AA, Abdel-Samii ZK, El-Feky SA, Abdel-Hamid MK, Barakat W. Synthesis, molecular modeling and anti-inflammatory screening of new 1,2,3-benzotriazinone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-9975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Harrak Y, Casula G, Basset J, Rosell G, Plescia S, Raffa D, Cusimano MG, Pouplana R, Pujol MD. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity, and in vitro antitumor effect of a novel class of cyclooxygenase inhibitors: 4-(aryloyl)phenyl methyl sulfones. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6560-71. [PMID: 20804197 DOI: 10.1021/jm100398z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Following our previous research on anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), we report on the design and synthesis of 4-(aryloyl)phenyl methyl sulfones. These substances were characterized for their capacity to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) isoenzymes. Molecular modeling studies showed that the methylsulfone group of these compounds was inserted deep in the pocket of the human COX-2 binding site, in an orientation that precludes hydrogen bonding with Arg120, Ser353, and Tyr355 through their oxygen atoms. The N-arylindole 33 was the most potent inhibitor of COX-2 and also the most selective (COX-1/COX-2 IC(50) ratio was 262). The indole derivative 33 was further tested in vivo for its anti-inflammatory activity in rats. This compound showed greater inhibitory activity than ibuprofen. Other compounds (20, 26, 9, and 30) showed strong activity against carrageenan-induced inflammation. The latter compounds showed a weak capacity to inhibit the proliferation of human cell lines K562, NCI-H460, and HT-29 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Harrak
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Ramesh BN, Rao TSS, Prakasam A, Sambamurti K, Rao KSJ. Neuronutrition and Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 19:1123-39. [PMID: 20308778 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder resulting from both genetic and environmental factors with the latter being particularly important for the sporadic form of the disease. As such, diets rich in saturated fatty acids and alcohol, and deficient in antioxidants and vitamins appear to promote the onset of the disease, while diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidants, and wine likely suppress its onset. In addition, evidence suggests that diets rich in polyphenols and some spices suppress the onset of AD by scavenging free radicals and preventing oxidative damage. Metal ions are known to catalyze the production of free radicals and induce mental retardation or dementia, and several studies have also identified metals such as Pb, Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn in AD pathogenesis. While specific metal chelators have been tested for therapy, they have not been very successful, probably due to their late administration, i.e., after brain damage has been triggered. Since several dietary polyphenols are known to chelate metals, their routine use may also be protective against the onset of AD. In this review, we summarize beneficial dietary techniques in the fight against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balenahalli N Ramesh
- Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR Unit, Mysore, India
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Singh P, Bhardwaj A. Mono-, Di-, and Triaryl Substituted Tetrahydropyrans as Cyclooxygenase-2 and Tumor Growth Inhibitors. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3707-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palwinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
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McCormick DL, Phillips JM, Horn TL, Johnson WD, Steele VE, Lubet RA. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat oral cancers and prevention of oral carcinogenesis in rats by selective and nonselective COX inhibitors. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:73-81. [PMID: 20051374 PMCID: PMC2804934 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas induced in rats by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO) show substantial overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) when compared with adjacent phenotypically normal oral tissues. By contrast, neither 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) nor 12-LOX is overexpressed in rat oral cancers. Two chemoprevention studies were done to test the resulting hypothesis that COX-2 is a useful target for oral cancer chemoprevention in the rat. In both studies, male F344 rats received drinking water exposure to NQO (20 ppm) for 10 weeks, followed by administration of chemopreventive agents from week 10 until study termination at week 26. In the first study, groups of rats were fed basal diet (control), or basal diet supplemented with the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (500 or 1,500 mg/kg diet), the nonselective COX inhibitor piroxicam (50 or 150 mg/kg diet), or the 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton (2,000 mg/kg diet). In the second study, rats were fed basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with nitric oxide-naproxen (180 or 90 mg/kg diet), a nonselective COX inhibitor that shows reduced gastrointestinal toxicity. When compared with dietary controls, celecoxib decreased oral cancer incidence, cancer invasion score, and cancer-related mortality. Piroxicam decreased cancer-related mortality and cancer invasion score, whereas nitric oxide-naproxen decreased oral cancer incidence and cancer invasion score. By contrast, zileuton showed no chemopreventive activity by any parameter assessed. These data show that both selective and nonselective inhibitors of COX-2 can prevent NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis in rats. The chemopreventive activity of COX inhibitors may be linked to overexpression of their enzymatic target in incipient oral neoplasms.
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Celecoxib potently inhibits TNFα-induced nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:662-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Heckmann LH, Sibly RM, Timmermans MJ, Callaghan A. Outlining eicosanoid biosynthesis in the crustacean Daphnia. Front Zool 2008; 5:11. [PMID: 18625039 PMCID: PMC2483973 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosanoids are biologically active, oxygenated metabolites of three C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. They act as signalling molecules within the autocrine or paracrine system in both vertebrates and invertebrates mainly functioning as important mediators in reproduction, the immune system and ion transport. The biosynthesis of eicosanoids has been intensively studied in mammals and it is known that they are synthesised from the fatty acid, arachidonic acid, through either the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway; the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway; or the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway. However, little is still known about the synthesis and structure of the pathway in invertebrates. RESULTS Here, we show transcriptomic evidence from Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) together with a bioinformatic analysis of the D. pulex genome providing insight on the role of eicosanoids in these crustaceans as well as outlining a putative pathway of eicosanoid biosynthesis. Daphnia appear only to have one copy of the gene encoding the key enzyme COX, and phylogenetic analysis reveals that the predicted protein sequence of Daphnia COX clusters with other invertebrates. There is no current evidence of an epoxygenase pathway in Daphnia; however, LOX products are most certainly synthesised in daphnids. CONCLUSION We have outlined the structure of eicosanoid biosynthesis in Daphnia, a key genus in freshwater ecosystems. Improved knowledge of the function and synthesis of eicosanoids in Daphnia and other invertebrates could have important implications for several areas within ecology. This provisional overview of daphnid eicosanoid biosynthesis provides a guide on where to focus future research activities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Henrik Heckmann
- University of Reading, School of Biological Sciences, Environmental Biology, PO Box 68, Reading, RG6 6BX, UK.
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Biava M, Porretta GC, Poce G, Supino S, Forli S, Rovini M, Cappelli A, Manetti F, Botta M, Sautebin L, Rossi A, Pergola C, Ghelardini C, Vivoli E, Makovec F, Anzellotti P, Patrignani P, Anzini M. Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors. 1,5-Diarylpyrrol-3-acetic Esters with Enhanced Inhibitory Activity toward Cyclooxygenase-2 and Improved Cyclooxygenase-2/Cyclooxygenase-1 Selectivity. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5403-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jm0707525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Biava
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Giulio Cesare Porretta
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Giovanna Poce
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Sibilla Supino
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Stefano Forli
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Michele Rovini
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Lidia Sautebin
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Carlo Pergola
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Elisa Vivoli
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Francesco Makovec
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Paola Anzellotti
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università “La Sapienza”, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, via Banchi di Sotto 55, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy,
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Li L, Rossoni G, Sparatore A, Lee LC, Del Soldato P, Moore PK. Anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects of a novel diclofenac derivative. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:706-19. [PMID: 17291994 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S-diclofenac (2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid 4-(3H-1,2,dithiol-3-thione-5-yl)phenyl ester; ACS 15) is a novel molecule comprising a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing dithiol-thione moiety attached by an ester linkage to diclofenac. S-diclofenac administration inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation (as evidenced by reduced lung and liver myeloperoxidase activity) and caused significantly less gastric toxicity than diclofenac. S-diclofenac did not affect blood pressure or heart rate of the anesthetized rat. S-diclofenac administration downregulated expression of genes encoding enzymes which synthesize nitric oxide, prostanoids, and H2S; reduced plasma IL-1beta/TNF-alpha; and elevated plasma IL-10. Reduced liver NF-kappaB p65 and AP-1/c-fos DNA-binding activity was also observed. These effects were mimicked in large part by a combination of diclofenac plus an H2S-releasing moiety (ADT-OH). Incubation of S-diclofenac (100 microM) with rat plasma or liver homogenate caused a time-dependent release of H2S, which was inhibited by sodium fluoride (10 mM). Administration of S-diclofenac (47.2 micromol/kg, i.p.) to conscious rats significantly increased plasma H2S concentration (at 45 min and 6 h). We propose that H2S release from S-diclofenac in vivo contributes to the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 18 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597
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Man CY, Cheung IT, Cameron PA, Rainer TH. Comparison of oral prednisolone/paracetamol and oral indomethacin/paracetamol combination therapy in the treatment of acute goutlike arthritis: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med 2007; 49:670-7. [PMID: 17276548 PMCID: PMC7115288 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Study objective We compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of oral prednisolone/acetaminophen and oral indomethacin/acetaminophen combination therapy in the treatment of acute goutlike arthritis in patients presenting to an emergency department (ED). Methods This is a double-blind, randomized, controlled study in a university hospital emergency department (ED) in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Patients older than 17 years and presenting between February 1, 2003, and June 30, 2004, with a clinical diagnosis of goutlike arthritis were randomized to receive either oral prednisolone/acetaminophen or oral indomethacin/acetaminophen combination therapy. Primary outcome measures were pain scores, time to resolution of symptoms and signs, and adverse effects. Secondary outcome measures were the need for additional acetaminophen and relapse rate. Results There were 90 patients randomized: 46 patients to the indomethacin group and 44 patients to the prednisolone group. Baseline characteristics, including pain scores, were similar in the 2 groups. Both treatment groups had a similar decrease in pain score in the ED. The mean rate of decrease in pain score with activity for indomethacin was −1.7±1.6 (SD) mm per day and for prednisolone was −2.9±2.0 (SD) mm per day (mean difference 1.2 mm/day; 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 2.0 mm/day; P=.0026). Although these differences were statistically significant, at no time was the difference in mean pain score greater than 13 mm. Therefore, it is unclear whether these differences are clinically significant. The mean total dose of acetaminophen consumed by the prednisolone group was significantly more than in the indomethacin group (mean 10.3 g, range 1 to 21 g versus mean 6.4 g, range 1 to 21 g). Twenty-nine patients in the indomethacin group and 12 patients in the prednisolone group experienced adverse effects (P<.05). The commonest adverse effects in the indomethacin group were nausea, indigestion, epigastric pain, dizziness, and gastrointestinal bleeding (N=5; 11%). None of the patients in the prednisolone group developed gastrointestinal bleeding. The relapse rate for both groups was similar. Conclusion In the treatment of acute goutlike arthritis, oral prednisolone/acetaminophen combination is as effective as oral indomethacin/acetaminophen combination in relieving pain but is associated with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yin Man
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Address correspondence: Chi Yin Man, MD, Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, Trauma and Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; 852-2632-1033, fax 852-2648-1469
| | - Ian T.F. Cheung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter A. Cameron
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy H. Rainer
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Gambero A, Becker TL, Zago AS, de Oliveira AF, Pedrazzoli J. Comparative study of anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of different cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. Inflammopharmacology 2006; 13:441-54. [PMID: 16280097 DOI: 10.1163/156856005774649377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of six NSAIDs, ibuprofen, diclofenac, nimesulide, meloxicam, celecoxib and rofecoxib, using the rat air-pouch model of inflammation to characterize the ability of these drugs to induce gastric damage and PGE(2) inhibition. Selective compounds were observed to have no ulcerogenic properties at anti-inflammatory doses; however, these drugs were weaker inhibitors of several inflammatory aspects such as cell influx and exudate formation. In contrast, the non-selective and preferential compounds present anti-inflammatory properties at lower doses than presented by selective drugs. At anti-inflammatory doses, only meloxicam and ibuprofen produced gastric damage and inhibition of PGE(2) synthesis, suggesting that ulcerogenic properties of NSAIDs cannot be predicted by their selectivity index, since meloxicam demonstrates ulcerogenic properties despite its preferential profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gambero
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, São Francisco University Medical School, 12916-900 Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
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Rodrigues AD. IMPACT OF CYP2C9 GENOTYPE ON PHARMACOKINETICS: ARE ALL CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS THE SAME?: TABLE 1. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 33:1567-75. [PMID: 16118328 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.006452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The market withdrawals of rofecoxib (Vioxx) and valdecoxib (Bextra) have focused considerable attention on the side effect profiles of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. As a result, attempts will be made to identify risk factors in the hope that physicians might be able to ensure patient safety. At first glance, CYP2C9 genotype might be considered a risk factor because many COX inhibitors are CYP2C9 substrates in vitro. This observation has led some to hypothesize that a reduction in clearance, in subjects expressing variant forms of the enzyme (e.g., CYP2C9*1/*3 or CYP2C9*3/*3 genotype), will lead to increased exposure and a greater risk of cardiovascular or gastrointestinal side effects. For any drug, however, one has to consider all clearance pathways. Therefore, a number of COX inhibitors were surveyed and it was determined that CYP2C9 plays a relatively minor role in the overall clearance (<or=20% of the dose) of sulindac, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, rofecoxib, and etoricoxib. CYP2C9 genotype would have no clinically meaningful impact on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs. In contrast, CYP2C9 genotype is expected to impact the clearance of ibuprofen, indomethacin, flurbiprofen, celecoxib, valdecoxib, lornoxicam, tenoxicam, meloxicam, and piroxicam. However, even when CYP2C9 is a major determinant of clearance, it is necessary to consider CYP2C8 genotype (e.g., ibuprofen) and, possibly, CYP3A4 activity (e.g., celecoxib, valdecoxib, and meloxicam) also.
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Barbucci R, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Torricelli P, Giardino R, Lamponi S, Leone G. Hyaluronic acid hydrogel added with ibuprofen-lysine for the local treatment of chondral lesions in the knee:In vitro andin vivo investigations. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005; 75:42-8. [PMID: 16001394 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The effect of hyaluronan-based hydrogel with a cross-linking degree of 50% (i.e., the amount of carboxylate groups involved in the cross-lining reaction) (Hyal 50%), loaded with an anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen-lysine) for local administration in the osteoarthritic knee was evaluated. The kinetic of drug release from Hyal 50% hydrogel was performed in vitro by a continuous flow system. The release was studied at three different rates (0.375, 0.073, and 0.005 mL/s), and for the slowest one a period of 8 days was necessary to receive the complete release of the drug. A chondral defect was caused in the right femoral medial condyle of 24 rabbits. Twelve animals were treated with Hyal 50%+ibuprofen-lysine and 12 with Hyal 50% by percutaneous injection. The treatments were repeated every 10 days, for three or five times. At 30 and 50 days, no significant differences were observed between the groups (mean score at 30 days: 4.4+/-0.6 in Hyal 50%-treated group and 5.1+/-0.7 in Hyal 50% +Ibuprofen-lysine-treated group; mean score at 50 days: 6.9+/-0.6 in Hyal 50%-treated group and 7.1+/-0.6 in Hyal 50%+ Ibuprofen-lysine-treated group). A significant difference was observed in bone mineral density of the total tibia of rabbits treated by Hyal 50% + Ibuprofen-lysine in comparison with those treated only by Hyal 50%. The positive effects of Hyal 50% on chondral lesions were maintained in the presence of ibuprofen-lysine with the adjunctive effect of an increased limb usage, most likely due to less pain and discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Barbucci
- Department of Chemical and Biosystem Sciences and Technologies and C.R.I.S.M.A., University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Gupta S, Adhami VM, Subbarayan M, MacLennan GT, Lewin JS, Hafeli UO, Fu P, Mukhtar H. Suppression of prostate carcinogenesis by dietary supplementation of celecoxib in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model. Cancer Res 2004; 64:3334-43. [PMID: 15126378 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies and clinical observations suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and certain selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors may reduce the relative risk of clinically evident prostate cancer. This prompted us to investigate the chemopreventive potential of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, against prostate carcinogenesis in a transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Similar to prostate cancer in humans, prostate malignancies in TRAMP mice progress from precursor intraepithelial lesions, to invasive carcinoma that metastasizes to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and occasionally to bone. The basal enzyme activity and protein expression of COX-2 is significantly higher (>4-fold) in the dorsolateral prostate of TRAMP mice up to 24 weeks of age compared with their nontransgenic littermates. Eight-week-old TRAMP mice were randomly divided and fed either control diet (AIN 76A) or a custom prepared AIN 76A diet containing 1500-ppm celecoxib ad libitum for 24 weeks, a dosage that would compare with the normal recommended dose for the treatment of human disease. Studies from two independent experiments, each consisting of 10 mice on test, showed that the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer development at 32 weeks of age in animals fed with AIN 76A diet was 100% (20 of 20) as observed by tumor palpation, whereas 65% (13 of 20), 35% (7 of 20), and 20% (4 of 20) of the animals exhibited distant site metastases to lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. Celecoxib supplementation to TRAMP mice from 8-32 weeks of age exhibited significant reduction in tumor development (5 of 20) with no signs of metastasis. Celecoxib feeding resulted in a significant decrease in prostate (56%; P < 0.0003) and genitourinary weight (48%; P < 0.008). Sequential magnetic resonance imaging analysis of celecoxib-fed mice documented lower prostate volume compared with the AIN 76A-fed group. Histopathological examination of celecoxib-fed animals showed reduced proliferation, and down-modulation of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 levels in the dorsolateral prostate and plasma, respectively. These results correlated with retention of antimetastasis markers, viz E-cadherin, and alpha- and beta-catenin, along with a significant decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression. Celecoxib supplementation also resulted in enhanced in vivo apoptosis in the prostate as monitored by several techniques including a recently perfected technique of 99mTc-labeled annexin V in live animals followed by phosphor imaging. One striking observation in an additional study was that celecoxib feeding to mice with established tumors (16 weeks of age) significantly improved their overall survival (P = 0.014), compared with AIN 76A-fed group. Our findings suggest that celecoxib may be useful in chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, The James and Eilleen Dicke Research Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Cui Y, Le Y, Yazawa H, Gong W, Wang JM. Potential role of the formyl peptide receptor‐like 1 (FPRL1) in inflammatory aspects of Alzheimer’s disease. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.72.4.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Cui
- Biochemistry Section, Lanzhou Military Medical University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; and
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Maryland and
| | - Yingying Le
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Maryland and
| | - Hiroshi Yazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Maryland and
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC Frederick, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Maryland and
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Romanov SG, Ivanov IV, Groza NV, Kuhn H, Myagkova GI. Total synthesis of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-18- and 19-oxoeicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acids. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ivanov IV, Romanov SG, Groza NV, Nigam S, Kuhn H, Myagkova GI. A simple method for the preparation of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-16-hydroxyeicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid enantiomers and the corresponding 14,15-dehydro analogues: role of the 16-hydroxy group for the lipoxygenase reaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2335-43. [PMID: 11983531 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-15-Hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) is not well oxygenated by arachidonate 15-lipoxygenases because of two structural reasons: (i) it contains a hydrophilic OH-group in close proximity to its methyl end and (ii) it lacks the bisallylic methylene at C(13). We synthesized racemic (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-16-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (16-HETE) which still contains the bisallylic C(13), separated the enantiomers reaching an optical purity of >99% and tested them as substrates for 5- and 15-lipoxygenases. Our synthetic pathway, which is based on stereospecific hydrogenation of a polyacetylenic precursor, yielded substantial amounts (30%) of 14,15-dehydro-16-HETE in addition to 16-HETE. When 16-HETE was tested as lipoxygenase substrate, we found that it is well oxygenated by the soybean 15-lipoxygenase and by the recombinant human 5-lipoxygenase. Analysis of the reaction products suggested an arachidonic acid-like alignment at the active site of the two enzymes. In contrast, the product pattern of 16-HETE methyl ester oxygenation by the soybean lipoxygenase (5-lipoxygenation) may be explained by an inverse head to tail substrate orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Ivanov
- M.V. Lomonosov State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, 117571 Pr. Vernadskogo 86, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Bass DM, Prevo M, Waxman DS. Gastrointestinal safety of an extended-release, nondeformable, oral dosage form (OROS: a retrospective study. Drug Saf 2002; 25:1021-33. [PMID: 12408733 DOI: 10.2165/00002018-200225140-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The OROS osmotic (OSM) dosage form optimises extended-release oral administration by controlling the rate of drug release for a predetermined time, providing constant, patterned, or pulsed delivery profiles. OSM products include prescription medications for urology, CNS, and cardiovascular indications, as well as over-the-counter nasal/sinus congestion medications. METHODS This retrospective study examines US gastrointestinal (GI) safety data for the OROS dosage form following nearly two decades of use. Although GI injury and obstruction are known effects of oral medications, some reports have suggested that extended-release products pose a greater risk of GI injury and obstruction than other oral dosage forms. Products incorporating OROS technology are being prescribed to an expanding range of patients; a review of the GI safety data for this dosage form thus seemed timely and appropriate. US safety information was obtained from three sources: English language literature published from 1982 until June 1, 2000 from five major biomedical databases;postmarketing safety reports from January 1, 1983 until June 1, 2000 available through the Freedom of Information Act; andcommercial safety information obtained directly from ALZA Corporation's in-house safety database for those OSM products for which ALZA has reporting responsibility. US distribution data from IMS National Prescription Audit trade mark Plus data were used to estimate cumulative product distribution totals. These totals were combined with numbers of unique GI events to determine the estimated frequency of events. RESULTS Nearly 13 billion OSM tablets are estimated to have been distributed in the US. The incidence of all clinically significant GI adverse events for OSM products (including intestinal, gastric, and oesophageal irritation, injury, and obstruction) reported in the US was approximately one case in >76 million tablets distributed. The majority (78%; estimated incidence: one case in 29 million tablets) of cases were reported in patients taking Procardia XL (nifedipine). Oesophageal and lower GI obstruction were reported primarily in patients with pre-existing abnormalities or disease of the GI tract. Among paediatric patients, one obstruction was reported in an estimated 37.7 million tablets distributed. Reports of GI irritation associated with OSM products were consistent with known effects of the same drug substances in other dosage forms. CONCLUSION A review of long-term safety experience with products using OSM controlled-release technology yields a low incidence of clinically significant GI events. Properly prescribed, extended-release products provide substantial therapeutic and convenience benefits without additional risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsey M Bass
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 USA.
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Abstract
Inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is characterized by increased cytokines and activated microglia. Epidemiological studies suggest reduced AD risk associates with long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Whereas chronic ibuprofen suppressed inflammation and plaque-related pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic APPSw mouse model (Tg2576), excessive use of NSAIDs targeting cyclooxygenase I can cause gastrointestinal, liver, and renal toxicity. One alternative NSAID is curcumin, derived from the curry spice turmeric. Curcumin has an extensive history as a food additive and herbal medicine in India and is also a potent polyphenolic antioxidant. To evaluate whether it could affect Alzheimer-like pathology in the APPSw mice, we tested a low (160 ppm) and a high dose of dietary curcumin (5000 ppm) on inflammation, oxidative damage, and plaque pathology. Low and high doses of curcumin significantly lowered oxidized proteins and interleukin-1beta, a proinflammatory cytokine elevated in the brains of these mice. With low-dose but not high-dose curcumin treatment, the astrocytic marker GFAP was reduced, and insoluble beta-amyloid (Abeta), soluble Abeta, and plaque burden were significantly decreased by 43-50%. However, levels of amyloid precursor (APP) in the membrane fraction were not reduced. Microgliosis was also suppressed in neuronal layers but not adjacent to plaques. In view of its efficacy and apparent low toxicity, this Indian spice component shows promise for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Kauffman GW, Jurs PC. QSAR and k-nearest neighbor classification analysis of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors using topologically-based numerical descriptors. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2001; 41:1553-60. [PMID: 11749582 DOI: 10.1021/ci010073h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experimental IC(50) data for 314 selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are used to develop quantitation and classification models as a potential screening mechanism for larger libraries of target compounds. Experimental log(IC(50)) values ranged from 0.23 to > or = 5.00. Numerical descriptors encoding solely topological information are calculated for all structures and are used as inputs for linear regression, computational neural network, and classification analysis routines. Evolutionary optimization algorithms are then used to search the descriptor space for information-rich subsets which minimize the rms error of a diverse training set of compounds. An eight-descriptor model was identified as a robust predictor of experimental log(IC(50)) values, producing a root-mean-square error of 0.625 log units for an external prediction set of inhibitors which took no part in model development. A k-nearest neighbor classification study of the data set discriminating between active and inactive members produced a nine-descriptor model able to accurately classify 83.3% of the prediction set compounds correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Kauffman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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