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Deng Q, Huang Y, Zeng J, Li X, Zheng X, Guo L, Shi J, Bai L. Recent advancements in the small-molecule drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Structure-activity relationships, pharmacological activities, and the clinical trials. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117343. [PMID: 39180795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world and the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and it is urgent to find safe and effective drugs for treatment. As an important therapeutic method, small-molecule drugs are continually being updated to achieve improved therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural effects of various FDA-listed small-molecule drugs sorafenib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib, and regorafenib on the corresponding HCC targets and possible structural optimization methods, and to explore the mechanism for identifying potential therapeutic drugs that offer better efficacy and fewer side effects. METHODS The structure-activity relationship, pharmacological actions, and clinical applications of small-molecule drugs were reviewed by referencing MEDLINE, Web of Science, CNKI, and other databases, summarizing and integrating the relevant content. RESULTS The results showed that small-molecule drugs can inhibit HCC primarily by forming hydrogen bonds with Glu885, Asp1046, and Cys919 on the HCC target. HCC can be targeted by inhibiting the activation of multiple pathways, blocking the conduction of downstream signaling, and reducing the formation of tumor blood vessels. In general, small-molecule drugs primarily target four key receptors in HCC: VEGFR, PDGFR, EGFR, and FGFR, to achieve effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS By revealing their structure-activity relationships, pharmacological actions, and clinical trials, small-molecule drugs can offer broad prospects for the development of new medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianyi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ye QW, Liu YJ, Li JQ, Han M, Bian ZR, Chen TY, Li JP, Liu SL, Zou X. GJA4 expressed on cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-A 'promoter' of the mesenchymal phenotype. Transl Oncol 2024; 46:102009. [PMID: 38833783 PMCID: PMC11190749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Connexin is a transmembrane protein involved in gap junctions (GJs) formation. Our previous study found that connexin 37 (Cx37), encoded by gap junction protein alpha 4 (GJA4), expressed on fibroblasts acts as a promoter of CRC and is closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor immune microenvironment. However, to date, the mechanism concerning the malignancy of GJA4 in tumor stroma has not been studied. METHODS Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to validate the expression and localization of GJA4. Using single-cell analysis, enrichment analysis, spatial transcriptomics, immunofluorescence staining (IF), Sirius red staining, wound healing and transwell assays, western blotting (WB), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and in vivo experiments, we investigated the possible mechanisms of GJA4 in promoting CRC. RESULTS We discovered that in CRC, GJA4 on fibroblasts is involved in promoting fibroblast activation and promoting EMT through a fibroblast-dependent pathway. Furthermore, GJA4 may act synergistically with M2 macrophages to limit T cell infiltration by stimulating the formation of an immune-excluded desmoplasic barrier. Finally, we found a significantly correlation between GJA4 and pathological staging (P < 0.0001) or D2 dimer (R = 0.03, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We have identified GJA4 expressed on fibroblasts is actually a promoter of the tumor mesenchymal phenotype. Our findings suggest that the interaction between GJA4+ fibroblasts and M2 macrophages may be an effective target for enhancing tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Wen Ye
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; No.1 Clinical Medicial College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan-Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; No.1 Clinical Medicial College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; No.1 Clinical Medicial College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ze-Ren Bian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; No.1 Clinical Medicial College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tian-Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; No.1 Clinical Medicial College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jie-Pin Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shen-Lin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xi Zou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zahran SS, Ragab FA, Soliman AM, El-Gazzar MG, Mahmoud WR, Ghorab MM. Utility of sulfachloropyridazine in the synthesis of novel anticancer agents as antiangiogenic and apoptotic inducers. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107411. [PMID: 38733747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In a search for new anticancer agents with better activity and selectivity, the present work described the synthesis of several new series of sulfachloropyridazine hybrids with thiocarbamates 3a-e, thioureids 4a-h, 5a-e and 4-substituted sulfachloropyridazines 6a, b, 7a, b and 8. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines in one dose assay. The most potent derivatives 3a, 3c, 4c, 4d, 5e, 7a and 7b were tested for their antiangiogenic activity by measuring their ability to inhibit VEGFR-2. The most potent compounds in VEGFR-2 inhibitory assay were further evaluated for their ability to inhibit PDGFR. In addition, the ability of 4c compound to inhibit cell migration on HUVEC cells and cell cycle effect on UO-31 cells has been studied. The pro-apoptotic effect of compound 4c was studied by the evaluation of caspase-3, Bax and BCl-2. Alternatively, the IC50 of compounds 3a, 3c, 4c, 5e, 7a and 7b against certain human cancer cell lines were determined. Re-evaluation in combination with γ-radiation was carried out for compounds 4c, 5e and 7b to study the possible synergistic effect on cytotoxicity. Docking studies of the most active compounds were performed to give insights into the binding mode within VEGFR-2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally S Zahran
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Ragab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
| | - Aiten M Soliman
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
| | - Marwa G El-Gazzar
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
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Ataei A, Azizi M, Hajisadeghi S, Madani M, Khorami M, Hassantash S, Saeidpour Masouleh S, Barati G. The Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Secretome on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1195-1207. [PMID: 37366360 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230627151809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancers are prevalent in the human population, particularly in unindustrialized countries. In 90 % of oral cancers, the tumors arise from squamous cells, which is called oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite new treatment strategies, the morbidity and mortality rates are still high. Current treatment options including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are not effective in the treatment of the tumor. Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered one of the leading strategies in cancer treatment. However, the field of MSC therapy in OSCC is immature and ongoing studies are being conducted in experimental and pre-clinical studies. Here, we reviewed these studies to figure out whether the use of MSCs could be worthwhile in OSCC therapy or not. Both native and engineered MSCs as well as their secretome have been used in the treatment of OSCC. It seems that genetically modified MSCs or their secretome could inhibit the tumorigenesis of OSCC. However, further pre-clinical studies are required to come to a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ataei
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samira Hajisadeghi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mojan Madani
- Orthodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Arak UNDUniversity of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Khorami
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Hassantash
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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You D, Wang Y, Xu J, Yang R, Wang W, Wang X, Cao X, Li Y, Yu L, Wang W, Shi Y, Zhang C, Yang H, He Y, Bian L. MiR-3529-3p from PDGF-BB-induced cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosomes promotes the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:166. [PMID: 37668846 PMCID: PMC10480386 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to explore the role of exosomes from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) induced by PDGF-BB in promoting the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and provide new insight into the mechanism of OSCC progression and its treatment. MAIN METHODS Exosomes were extracted from human oral mucosa fibroblasts (hOMFs) and CAFs. Differentially expressed miRNAs of exosomes between hOMFs and CAFs were analysed using high-throughput sequencing and self-programmed R software. Cal-27, a human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line, was treated with exosomes. Differentially expressed miRNAs between clinical cancer tissues and adjacent tissues and between hOMF and CAF exosomes were verified by qRT‒PCR. The effect of miR-3529-3p on Cal-27 cells was clarified by overexpressing or knocking down miR-3529-3p in Cal-27 cells. Sample expression and differentially expressed miRNA expression were compared between cancer and paracarcinoma tissues. KEY FINDINGS We found that exosomes from CAFs (CAF-Exos) were internalized by tongue squamous carcinoma cells and promoted their proliferation, migration, invasion, and antiapoptotic effects. MiR-3529-3p was a significant differentially expressed miRNA between CAF-Exos and exosomes from hOMFs (hOMF-Exos). The overexpression of miR-3529-3p promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis of Cal-27 cells. SIGNIFICANCE This study explores the role of PDGF-BB-induced CAFs in promoting malignancy in OSCC. This study will provide new insight into the mechanism of OSCC progression and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyun You
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
- The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatological, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
| | - Yanghao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
- The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatological, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
| | - Rongqiang Yang
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
- The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatological, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
| | - Weizhou Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
| | - Yiting Li
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
- The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatological, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
| | - Lifu Yu
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
| | - Changbin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
- The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatological, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
| | - Yongwen He
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
- The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatological, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan China
- Department of Dental Research, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan China
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China
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Pandey P, Khan F, Upadhyay TK, Seungjoon M, Park MN, Kim B. New insights about the PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway as a promising target to develop cancer therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114491. [PMID: 37002577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cancers express platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and PDGF receptors (PDGFRs). By directly stimulating tumour cells in an autocrine manner or by stimulating tumour stromal cells in a paracrine manner, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) pathway is crucial in the growth and spread of several cancers. To combat hypoxia in the tumour microenvironment, it encourages angiogenesis. A growing body of experimental data shows that PDGFs target malignant cells, vascular cells, and stromal cells to modulate tumour growth, metastasis, and the tumour microenvironment. To combat medication resistance and enhance patient outcomes in cancers, targeting the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a viable therapeutic approach. There have been reports of anomalies in the PDGF pathway, including the gain of function point mutations, activating chromosomal translocations, or overexpression or amplification of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs). As a result, it has been shown that targeting the PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway is an effective method for treating cancer. As a result, this study will concentrate on the regulation of the PDGF/PDGFR signaling system, in particular the current methods and inhibitors used in cancer treatment, as well as the associated therapeutic advantages and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP, India.
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Moon Seungjoon
- Chansol Hospital of Korean Medicine, 290, Buheung-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 21390, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Sun Z, Li Y, Tan X, Liu W, He X, Pan D, Li E, Xu L, Long L. Friend or Foe: Regulation, Downstream Effectors of RRAD in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030477. [PMID: 36979412 PMCID: PMC10046484 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-related associated with diabetes (RRAD), a member of the Ras-related GTPase superfamily, is primarily a cytosolic protein that actives in the plasma membrane. RRAD is highly expressed in type 2 diabetes patients and as a biomarker of congestive heart failure. Mounting evidence showed that RRAD is important for the progression and metastasis of tumor cells, which play opposite roles as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene depending on cancer and cell type. These findings are of great significance, especially given that relevant molecular mechanisms are being discovered. Being regulated in various pathways, RRAD plays wide spectrum cellular activity including tumor cell division, motility, apoptosis, and energy metabolism by modulating tumor-related gene expression and interacting with multiple downstream effectors. Additionally, RRAD in senescence may contribute to its role in cancer. Despite the twofold characters of RRAD, targeted therapies are becoming a potential therapeutic strategy to combat cancers. This review will discuss the dual identity of RRAD in specific cancer type, provides an overview of the regulation and downstream effectors of RRAD to offer valuable insights for readers, explore the intracellular role of RRAD in cancer, and give a reference for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyue Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yongkang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaolu Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xinglin He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Deyuan Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lin Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-754-88900460; Fax: +86-754-88900847
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Gamble MC, Williams BR, Singh N, Posa L, Freyberg Z, Logan RW, Puig S. Mu-opioid receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase crosstalk: Implications in mechanisms of opioid tolerance, reduced analgesia to neuropathic pain, dependence, and reward. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:1059089. [PMID: 36532632 PMCID: PMC9751598 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.1059089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of opioid misuse, opioids remain the frontline treatment regimen for severe pain. However, opioid safety is hampered by side-effects such as analgesic tolerance, reduced analgesia to neuropathic pain, physical dependence, or reward. These side effects promote development of opioid use disorders and ultimately cause overdose deaths due to opioid-induced respiratory depression. The intertwined nature of signaling via μ-opioid receptors (MOR), the primary target of prescription opioids, with signaling pathways responsible for opioid side-effects presents important challenges. Therefore, a critical objective is to uncouple cellular and molecular mechanisms that selectively modulate analgesia from those that mediate side-effects. One such mechanism could be the transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) via MOR. Notably, MOR-mediated side-effects can be uncoupled from analgesia signaling via targeting RTK family receptors, highlighting physiological relevance of MOR-RTKs crosstalk. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge surrounding the basic pharmacology of RTKs and bidirectional regulation of MOR signaling, as well as how MOR-RTK signaling may modulate undesirable effects of chronic opioid use, including opioid analgesic tolerance, reduced analgesia to neuropathic pain, physical dependence, and reward. Further research is needed to better understand RTK-MOR transactivation signaling pathways, and to determine if RTKs are a plausible therapeutic target for mitigating opioid side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie C. Gamble
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Navsharan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luca Posa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie Puig
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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The Role of PDGFRA in Predicting Oncological and Immune Characteristics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4148805. [PMID: 35378770 PMCID: PMC8976608 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4148805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal solid gastrointestinal malignancy with poor immune infiltration and a limited response to immunotherapy. The aim of our study was to explore the predictive value of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs), which are widely expressed in various tumor cells. Methods Transcriptomic data with follow-up information were obtained from the GEO, TCGA and ArrayExpress. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) method and univariate Cox (UniCox) proportional hazard regression were used to show the survival outcomes of the groups. Immune infiltration was analyzed using the online databases TISCH, TISIDB, TIMER2.0, and TIDE as well as the R packages “estimate” and “GSVA.” Mutation and functional enrichment analyses were conducted using the R packages “maftools,” “clusterProfiler,” and online repository HOME for Researchers. Finally, the results were validated in 79 samples from our cancer center. Results Survival analysis using public databases and the FUSCC cohort indicated PDGFRA to be associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) (both p < 0.05). PDGFRA expression was highest in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of PDAC, as validated in public databases and cell lines from our cancer center. The high expression of PDGFRA was associated with increased immune infiltration and potent T cell cytotoxicity in PDAC. Conclusion In summary, high PDGFRA expression is associated with increased immune infiltration and prolonged OS. This finding might provide a new strategy for regulating immune cell infiltration in PDAC and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Rabelo-Fernández RJ, Santiago-Sánchez GS, Sharma RK, Roche-Lima A, Carrion KC, Rivera RAN, Quiñones-Díaz BI, Rajasekaran S, Siddiqui J, Miles W, Rivera YS, Valiyeva F, Vivas-Mejia PE. Reduced RBPMS Levels Promote Cell Proliferation and Decrease Cisplatin Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:535. [PMID: 35008958 PMCID: PMC8745614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the number of cancer-related deaths continues to increase due to the ability of cancer cells to become chemotherapy-resistant and metastasize. For women with ovarian cancer, a staggering 70% will become resistant to the front-line therapy, cisplatin. Although many mechanisms of cisplatin resistance have been proposed, the key mechanisms of such resistance remain elusive. The RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) binds to nascent RNA transcripts and regulates splicing, transport, localization, and stability. Evidence indicates that RBPMS also binds to protein members of the AP-1 transcription factor complex repressing its activity. Until now, little has been known about the biological function of RBPMS in ovarian cancer. Accordingly, we interrogated available Internet databases and found that ovarian cancer patients with high RBPMS levels live longer compared to patients with low RBPMS levels. Similarly, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis in a tissue array of ovarian cancer patient samples showed that serous ovarian cancer tissues showed weaker RBPMS staining when compared with normal ovarian tissues. We generated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated RBPMS knockout vectors that were stably transfected in the high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3. The knockout of RBPMS in these cells was confirmed via bioinformatics analysis, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis. We found that the RBPMS knockout clones grew faster and had increased invasiveness than the control CRISPR clones. RBPMS knockout also reduced the sensitivity of the OVCAR3 cells to cisplatin treatment. Moreover, β-galactosidase (β-Gal) measurements showed that RBPMS knockdown induced senescence in ovarian cancer cells. We performed RNAseq in the RBPMS knockout clones and identified several downstream-RBPMS transcripts, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and protein-coding genes associated with alteration of the tumor microenvironment as well as those with oncogenic or tumor suppressor capabilities. Moreover, proteomic studies confirmed that RBPMS regulates the expression of proteins involved in cell detoxification, RNA processing, and cytoskeleton network and cell integrity. Interrogation of the Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter database identified multiple downstream-RBPMS effectors that could be used as prognostic and response-to-therapy biomarkers in ovarian cancer. These studies suggest that RBPMS acts as a tumor suppressor gene and that lower levels of RBPMS promote the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Rabelo-Fernández
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
| | - Ginette S. Santiago-Sánchez
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Rohit K. Sharma
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
| | - Abiel Roche-Lima
- Deanship of Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (A.R.-L.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Kelvin Carrasquillo Carrion
- Deanship of Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (A.R.-L.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Ricardo A. Noriega Rivera
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Blanca I. Quiñones-Díaz
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Swetha Rajasekaran
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Jalal Siddiqui
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Yasmarie Santana Rivera
- School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA;
| | - Fatima Valiyeva
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
| | - Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
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11
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Wu Z, Zhang C, Najafi M. Targeting of the tumor immune microenvironment by metformin. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:333-348. [PMID: 34611852 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating antitumor immunity is an attractive idea for suppressing tumors. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as natural killer cells (NK) are the primary antitumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In contrast to these cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) release several molecules to suppress antitumor immunity and stimulate cancer cell invasion and proliferation. Adjuvant treatment with certain nontoxic agents is interesting to boost antitumor immunity. Metformin, which is known as an antidiabetes drug, can modulate both antitumor and protumor immune cells within TME. It has the ability to induce the proliferation of CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells. On the other hand, metformin attenuates polarization toward TAMs, CAFs, and Tregs. Metformin also may stimulate the antitumor activity of immune system cells, while it interrupts the positive cross-talk and interactions between immunosuppressive cells and cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to explain the basic mechanisms for the interactions and communications between immunosuppressive, anti-tumoral, and cancer cells within TME. Next, we discuss the modulating effects of metformin on various cells and secretions in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The NO.3 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Caidie Zhang
- Emergency Department, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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12
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Sun Y, Sedgwick AJ, Palarasah Y, Mangiola S, Barrow AD. A Transcriptional Signature of PDGF-DD Activated Natural Killer Cells Predicts More Favorable Prognosis in Low-Grade Glioma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668391. [PMID: 34539622 PMCID: PMC8444979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-DD) to the NKp44 receptor activates a distinct transcriptional program in primary IL-2 expanded human natural killer (NK) cells. We were interested in knowing if the PDGF-DD-NKp44 pathway of NK cell activation might play a clinically relevant role in anti-tumor immunity. In order to address this question, we determined transcriptional signatures unique to resting, IL-2 expanded, and PDGF-DD activated, NK cells, in addition to different T cell subsets, and established the abundance of these immune cell phenotypes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) low-grade glioma (LGG) dataset using CIBERSORT. Our results show that LGG patient tumors enriched for either the PDGF-DD activated NK cell or memory CD8+ T cell phenotypes are associated with a more favorable prognosis. Combined cell phenotype analyses revealed that patients with LGG tumors enriched for the PDGF-DD activated NK cell phenotype and the CD4+ T helper cell phenotype had a more favorable prognosis. High expression of transcripts encoding members of the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family, such as KLRK1 and KLRC2, KLRC3 and KLRC4 in LGG tumors were associated with more favorable prognosis, suggesting that these NK cell family receptors may play a prominent role in LGG anti-tumor immunity. Finally, many of the TCGA findings were reciprocated in LGG patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset. Our results provide transcriptomic evidence that PDGF-DD activated NK cells and KLR family receptors may play an important clinical role in immune surveillance of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander James Sedgwick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefano Mangiola
- Division of Bioinformatics, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander David Barrow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Crook T, Patil D, Nagarkar R, Gaya A, Plowman N, Limaye S, Srivastava N, Akolkar D, Ranade A, Bhatt A, Datta V, Bose C, Apurwa S, Patil S, Kumar P, Srinivasan A, Datar R. Angiogenesis Inhibitors in Personalized Combination Regimens for the Treatment of Advanced Refractory Cancers. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2021; 1:749283. [PMID: 39087078 PMCID: PMC11285706 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2021.749283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Background: Angiogenic factors are commonly activated in solid tumors and present a viable therapeutic target. However, anticancer treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors (AGI) is limited to a few cancers, mostly as monotherapy and not selected based on molecular indications. We aimed to determine whether patient-specific combination regimens with AGI and other anticancer agents when selected based on multi-analyte tumor interrogation (ETA: Encyclopedic Tumor Analysis) can expand the scope of AGIs in advanced refractory solid organ cancers with improved treatment responses. Methods: We evaluated treatment outcomes in 60 patients with advanced, refractory solid organ cancers who received ETA-guided combination regimens of AGI with other targeted, endocrine or cytotoxic agents. Radiological evaluation of treatment response was followed by determination of Objective Response Rate (ORR), Disease Control Rate (DCR), Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). Results: Among the 60 patients, Partial Response (PR) was observed in 28 cases (46.7%), Stable Disease (SD) was observed in 29 cases (48.3%) and Disease Progression (PD, within 60 days) was observed in 3 cases (5.0%). The ORR was 46.7% and DCR was 95.0%. At the most recent follow-up the median PFS (mPFS) was 5.0 months and median OS (mOS) was 8.9 months. There were no Grade 4 therapy related adverse events or treatment related deaths. Conclusion: ETA-guided patient-specific combination regimens with AGI and other anti-neoplastic agents, can yield improved outcomes over AGI monotherapy. Trial Registration: Details of all trials are available at WHO-ICTRP: https://apps.who.int/trialsearch/. RESILIENT ID CTRI/2018/02/011,808. LIQUID IMPACT ID CTRI/2019/02/017,548.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sewanti Limaye
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Mumbai, India
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14
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Balamurugan K, Koehler L, Dürig JN, Hempel U, Rademann J, Hintze V, Pisabarro MT. Structural insights into the modulation of PDGF/PDGFR-β complexation by hyaluronan derivatives. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1441-1452. [PMID: 34280958 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important physiological process playing a crucial role in wound healing and cancer progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) are key players in angiogenesis. Based on previous findings regarding the modulation of VEGF activity by glycosaminoglycans (GAG), here we explore the interaction of hyaluronan (HA)-based GAG with PDGF and its receptor PDGFR-β by applying molecular modeling and dynamics simulations in combination with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Computational analysis on the interaction of oligo-hyaluronan derivatives with different sulfation pattern and functionalization shows that these GAG interact with PDGF in relevant regions for receptor recognition, and that high sulfation as well as modification with the TAMRA group convey stronger binding. On the other hand, the studied oligo-hyaluronan derivatives are predicted to scarcely recognize PDGFR-β. SPR results are in line with the computational predictions regarding the binding pattern of HA tetrasaccharide (HA4) derivatives to PDGF and PDGFR-β. Furthermore, our experimental results also show that the complexation of PDGF to PDGFR-β can be modulated by HA4 derivatives. The results found open the path for considering HA4 derivatives as potential candidates to be exploited for modulation of the PDGF/PDGFR-β signaling system in angiogenesis and related disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagasabai Balamurugan
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, D-01307Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Koehler
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Dürig
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, D-14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, D-14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Hintze
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069Dresden, Germany
| | - M Teresa Pisabarro
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, D-01307Dresden, Germany
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15
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Ren X, Li L, Wu J, Lin K, He Y, Bian L. PDGF-BB regulates the transformation of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts via the lncRNA LURAP1L-AS1/LURAP1L/IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:537. [PMID: 34079593 PMCID: PMC8157341 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most abundant cells in the tumor microenvironment are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). They play an important role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB has an obvious regulating effect on the formation of CAFs through binding to PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-β, but the role of long non-coding (lnc)RNA in PDGF-BB-induced transformation of fibroblasts into CAFs remains poorly understood. Using an lncRNA ChIP, 370 lncRNA transcripts were identified to be significantly and differentially expressed between fibroblasts and PDGF-BB-induced fibroblasts, including 240 upregulated lncRNAs and 130 downregulated lncRNAs, indicating that lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of the transformation of CAFs. Previous studies have shown that the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in the activation of CAFs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and co-immunoprecipitation were conducted to confirm that the leucine-rich adaptor protein 1-like (LURAP1L), which is the target of lncRNA LURAP1L antisense RNA 1 (LURAP1L-AS1) had a positive regulatory effect on I-κB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB signaling. Therefore, LURAP1L-AS1 was selected and PDGF-BB was demonstrated to upregulate the expression of LURAP1L-AS1 and LURAP1L, which was reversed by a PDGFR-β inhibitor. Subsequently, knocking down LURAP1L-AS1 suppressed the expression of PDGF-BB-induced fibroblast activation marker protein α-smooth muscle actin, fibroblast activation protein-α, PDGFR-β and phosphorylated (p)-PDGFR-β. IKKα, p-IĸB and p-NF-κB were downregulated by the knockdown of LURAP1L-AS1 and upregulated by overexpression of LURAP1L-AS1. The present study indicates that LURAP1L-AS1/LURAP1L/IKK/IĸB/NF-κB plays an important regulatory role in PDGF-BB-induced fibroblast activation and may become a potential target for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ren
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 530102, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 530102, P.R. China
| | - Ken Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, P.R. China
| | - Yongwen He
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 530102, P.R. China
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Quagliariello V, Berretta M, Buccolo S, Iovine M, Paccone A, Cavalcanti E, Taibi R, Montopoli M, Botti G, Maurea N. Polydatin Reduces Cardiotoxicity and Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Sunitinib by Decreasing Pro-Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680758. [PMID: 34178667 PMCID: PMC8226180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the main renal tumors and are highly metastatic. Sunitinib, a recently-approved, multi-targeted Tyrosine Kinases Inhibitor (TKi), prolongs survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, however a dose related cardiotoxicity was well described. Polydatin (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene-3-β-d-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum with consolidated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, however no studies investigated on its putative cardioprotective and chemosensitizing properties during incubation with sunitinib. We investigated on the effects of polydatin on the oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome and Myd88 expression, highlighting on the production of cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-12 and TGF-β) during treatment with sunitinib. Exposure of cardiomyocytes and cardiomyoblasts (AC-16 and H9C2 cell lines) and human renal adenocarcinoma cells (769-P and A498) to polydatin combined to plasma-relevant concentrations of sunitinib reduces significantly iROS, MDA and LTB4 compared to only sunitinib-treated cells (P<0.001). In renal cancer cells and cardiomyocytes polydatin reduces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in myocardial damages and chemoresistance and down-regulates the signaling pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome, MyD88 and NF-κB. Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that polydatin, besides reducing oxidative stress, reduces key chemokines involved in cancer cell survival, chemoresistance and cardiac damages of sunitinib through downregulation of NLRP3-MyD88 pathway, applying as a potential nutraceutical agent in preclinical studies of preventive cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Buccolo
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Iovine
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Taibi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Gruppo Oncologico Ricercatori Italiani, GORI, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
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C1orf61 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and increases the therapeutic response to sorafenib. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119048. [PMID: 33915231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C1orf61 is a specific transcriptional activator that is highly up-regulated during weeks 4-9 of human embryogenesis, the period in which most organs develop. We have previously demonstrated that C1orf61 acts as a tumor activator in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression in HCC remain obscure. In this study, we demonstrated that the pattern of C1orf61 expression was closely correlated with metastasis in liver cancer cells. Gene expression profiling analysis indicated that C1orf61 regulated diverse genes related to cell growth, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Results showed that C1orf61 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by inducing cellular EMT in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, C1orf61-induced cellular EMT and migration are involved in the activation of the STAT3 and Akt cascade pathways. In addition, C1orf61 expression improved the efficacy of the anticancer therapy sorafenib in HCC patients. For the first time, we report a regulatory pathway by which C1orf61 promoted cancer cell metastasis and regulated the therapeutic response to sorafenib. These findings increased our understanding of the molecular events that regulate metastasis and treatment in HCC.
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Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor C and their receptors additionally increases doxorubicin effects in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173868. [PMID: 33460613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Complex of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and PDGF receptors have important functions in the regulation of growth and survival of various cell types. Herein, it was found that aberrant PDGFC expression is closely associated with survival rates in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. In addition, PDGFC expression was identified to be significantly increased in TNBC cells unlike other subtypes such as PDGFA, PDGFB, and PDGFD. Apparently, the effects of specific PDGF receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors such as sunitinib and ponatinib on HCC1806 and Hs578T TNBC cells were investigated. Both inhibitors decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibitors completely inhibited cell growth in both the cell lines and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), one of the metastasis-related genes. Cell migration was also decreased by the inhibitors. Finally, the combined effects of the inhibitors with doxorubicin (DOX) were investigated. The results showed that the combination of two PDGFR inhibitors with DOX inhibited the growth of cells and enhanced the apoptotic cell death more uniformly than DOX. Consequently, it is demonstrated that PDGFR inhibitors, sunitinib and ponatinib hold the potential for effective treatment of TNBC.
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Bansal R, Malhotra A. Therapeutic progression of quinazolines as targeted chemotherapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113016. [PMID: 33243532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Presently cancer is a grave health issue with predominance beyond restrictions. It can affect any organ of the body. Most of the available chemotherapeutic drugs are highly toxic, not much selective and eventually lead to the development of resistance. Therefore, a target specific palliative approach for the treatment of cancer is required. Remarkable advancements in science have illuminated various molecular pathways responsible for cancer. This has resulted in abundant opportunities to develop targeted anticancer agents. Quinazoline nucleus is a privileged scaffold with significant diversified pharmacological activities. Numerous established anticancer quinazoline derivatives constitute a new class of chemotherapeutic agents which are found to act by inhibiting various protein kinases as well as other molecular targets. A recent update on various quinazoline derivatives acting on different types of molecular targets for the treatment of cancer has been compiled in this review. Brief SAR studies of quinazoline derivatives acting through different mechanisms of action have been highlighted. The comprehensive medicinal chemistry aspects of these agents in this review provide a panoramic view to the biologists as well as medicinal chemists working in this area and would assist them in their efforts to design and synthesize novel quinazoline based anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Anjleena Malhotra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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20
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The Emerging Role of PPAR Beta/Delta in Tumor Angiogenesis. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:3608315. [PMID: 32855630 PMCID: PMC7443046 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3608315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARs are ligand-activated transcriptional factors that belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Among them, PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma are prone to exert an antiangiogenic effect, whereas PPAR beta/delta has an opposite effect in physiological and pathological conditions. Angiogenesis has been known as a hallmark of cancer, and our recent works also demonstrate that vascular-specific PPAR beta/delta overexpression promotes tumor angiogenesis and progression in vivo. In this review, we will mainly focus on the role of PPAR beta/delta in tumor angiogenesis linked to the tumor microenvironment to further facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Moreover, the crosstalk between PPAR beta/delta and its downstream key signal molecules involved in tumor angiogenesis will also be discussed, and the network of interplay between them will further be established in the review.
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He Y, Shi J, Schmidt B, Liu Q, Shi G, Xu X, Liu C, Gao Z, Guo T, Shan B. Circulating Tumor Cells as a Biomarker to Assist Molecular Diagnosis for Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:841-854. [PMID: 32104066 PMCID: PMC7008188 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s240773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Compared with tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy is the most preferable non-invasive promising method in personalized medicine, although it has many limitations in isolating circulating tumor cells (CTC). Lung cancer associated mortality is drastically increased due to a shortfall of early-stage detection, which remains a challenge. Herein, we aimed to detect lung cancer at an early-stage using CellCollector device. Methods 39,627 volunteers underwent low-dose computed tomography; 2508 cases with pulmonary nodules and 7080 with no pulmonary nodules were chosen. After follow-up, 24 patients were diagnosed with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and subjected to CTC detection using CellCollector, along with 72 healthy volunteers. Immunofluorescence staining for EpCAM/CKs and CD45 were performed for CTC validation. Results Fifteen out of twenty-four (stage I, n = 18; stage II, n = 6) early-stage lung cancer patients were found to be CTC-positive, whereas no CTC was found in the control group. Genetic mutation of TP53, ERBB2, PDGFRA, CFS1R and FGFR1 in the CTC revealed 71.6% of the mutation sites similar to the tumor tissues of 13 patients. Molecular characterization revealed higher expression of protein PD-LI in CTC (40%) as compared to tumor tissue (26.7%). Moreover, CTC clusters were detected in 40% of patients. Conclusion CTC detection using the CellCollector in early-stage NSCLC had a relative high capture rate. Moreover, CTC analysis is a prospective setting for molecular diagnostic in cases when tumor tissue biopsy is not desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong He
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine - Pneumology and Sleep Medicine, Central Emergency Room, Palliative Medicine, DRK Kliniken Berlin, Berlin 13359, Germany
| | - Qingyi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Follow-Up Centre, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Congmin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Gao
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People's Republic of China
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Rahmanzade R. Redefinition of tumor capsule: Rho-dependent clustering of cancer-associated fibroblasts in favor of tensional homeostasis. Med Hypotheses 2019; 135:109425. [PMID: 31760246 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the most frequent cells of the connective tissues. Having the ability to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli in addition to the biochemical ones makes them crucial for such a composite-like and tension-preserving tissue. Over the last decade, the investigation of the role of these cells in tumor progression was a hot topic of research in tumor biology. Literatures almost unanimously describe the re-education of stromal fibroblasts by tumor cells in favor of tumor progression, which resulted in the birth of a new nomenclature, the cancer-associated fibroblasts. On the other hand, some studies reported anti-tumor roles for these cells. Herein, author suggests that the previously described pro-migratory and pro-contractile contexts, which respectively results in divergent and convergent distribution of fibroblasts by changing Rho-Rac1 balance, could be applied for cancer-associated fibroblasts as well. Based on this proposed concept, stromal fibroblasts could represent different roles, either pro-tumor or anti-tumor, during the course of tumor progression. In the earlier phases, they tend to assemble along tumor-stroma interface in the form of tumor capsules in order to resist tumor growth and to maintain tensional homeostasis in stroma. But in later phases, after being chronically subjected to tumor-induced chemical and mechanical stimuli, they will gradually lose their substantial abilities to oppose tumor expansion and, in contrary, will promote tumorigenesis. In summary, this paper redefines tumor capsule from chemical and mechanical standpoints as Rho-dependent clustering of cancer-associated fibroblasts in favor of tensional homeostasis. Furthermore, it proposes that stromal fibroblasts will undergo some irreversible epigenetic changes in Rac1- and Rho-related proteins through tumor-stroma crosstalk, which irreversibly diminish their ability of capsule formation. Finally, the author discusses the possible researches helping us to assess the proposed concept and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Rahmanzade
- Biomedical Research & Training, University Hospital Basel, Mittlere Strasse 91, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Duchatel RJ, Jackson ER, Alvaro F, Nixon B, Hondermarck H, Dun MD. Signal Transduction in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800479. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Duchatel
- Cancer Signalling Research Group School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research Innovation and Translation Hunter Medical Research Institute Lambton NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Evangeline R. Jackson
- Cancer Signalling Research Group School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research Innovation and Translation Hunter Medical Research Institute Lambton NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research Innovation and Translation Hunter Medical Research Institute Lambton NSW 2305 Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle New Lambton Heights NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research Innovation and Translation Hunter Medical Research Institute Lambton NSW 2305 Australia
- Cancer Neurobiology Group School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Matthew D. Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research Innovation and Translation Hunter Medical Research Institute Lambton NSW 2305 Australia
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Manzotti G, Torricelli F, Donati B, Sancisi V, Gugnoni M, Ciarrocchi A. HDACs control RUNX2 expression in cancer cells through redundant and cell context-dependent mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:346. [PMID: 31395086 PMCID: PMC6686443 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background RUNX2 is a Runt-related transcription factor required during embryogenesis for skeletal development and morphogenesis of other organs including thyroid and breast gland. Consistent evidence indicates that RUNX2 expression is aberrantly reactivated in cancer and supports tumor progression. The mechanisms leading to RUNX2 expression in cancer has only recently began to emerge. Previously, we showed that suppressing the activity of the epigenetic regulators HDACs significantly represses RUNX2 expression highlighting a role for these enzymes in RUNX2 reactivation in cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which HDACs control RUNX2 are still largely unexplored. Here, to fill this gap, we investigated the role of different HDACs in RUNX2 expression regulation in breast and thyroid cancer, tumors that majorly rely on RUNX2 for their development and progression. Methods Proliferation assays and evaluation of RUNX2 mRNA levels by qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the effect of several HDACi and specific siRNAs on a panel of cancer cell lines. Moreover, ChIP and co-IP assays were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underneath the RUNX2 transcriptional regulation. Finally, RNA-sequencing unveiled a new subset of genes whose transcription is regulated by the complex RUNX2-HDAC6. Results In this study, we showed that Class I HDACs and in particular HDAC1 are required for RUNX2 efficient transcription in cancer. Furthermore, we found an additional and cell-specific function of HDAC6 in driving RUNX2 expression in thyroid cancer cells. In this model, HDAC6 likely stabilizes the assembly of the transcriptional complex, which includes HDAC1, on the RUNX2 P2 promoter potentiating its transcription. Since a functional interplay between RUNX2 and HDAC6 has been suggested, we used RNA-Seq profiling to consolidate this evidence in thyroid cancer and to extend the knowledge on this cooperation in a setting in which HDAC6 also controls RUNX2 expression. Conclusions Overall, our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling RUNX2 in cancer and consolidate the rationale for the use of HDACi as potential pharmacological strategy to counteract the pro-oncogenic program controlled by RUNX2 in cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1350-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Manzotti
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Donati
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valentina Sancisi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mila Gugnoni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Sung JY, Shin HT, Sohn KA, Shin SY, Park WY, Joung JG. Assessment of intratumoral heterogeneity with mutations and gene expression profiles. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219682. [PMID: 31310640 PMCID: PMC6634409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) refers to the presence of distinct tumor cell populations. It provides vital information for the clinical prognosis, drug responsiveness, and personalized treatment of cancer patients. As genomic ITH in various cancers affects the expression patterns of genes, the expression profile could be utilized for determining ITH level. Herein, we present a novel approach to directly detect high ITH defined as a larger number of subclones from the gene expression pattern through machine learning approaches. We examined associations between gene expression profile and ITH of 12 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) showing high association, we evaluated the performance of our method in predicting ITH by employing three machine learning algorithms using gene expression profile data. We classified tumors into high and low heterogeneity groups using the learning model through the selection of LASSO feature. The result showed that support vector machines (SVMs) outperformed other algorithms (AUC = 0.84 in SVMs and 0.82 in Naïve Bayes) and we were able to improve predictive power by using both combined data from mutation and expression. Furthermore, we evaluated the prediction ability of each model using simulation data generated by mixing cell lines of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and obtained consistent results with using real dataset. Our approach could be utilized for discriminating tumors with heterogeneous cell populations to characterize ITH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yong Sung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Tae Shin
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Sohn
- Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo-Yong Shin
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Big Data Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kalimutho M, Sinha D, Mittal D, Srihari S, Nanayakkara D, Shafique S, Raninga P, Nag P, Parsons K, Khanna KK. Blockade of PDGFRβ circumvents resistance to MEK-JAK inhibition via intratumoral CD8 + T-cells infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:85. [PMID: 30777101 PMCID: PMC6379987 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing progress in targeted and immune based-directed therapies for other solid organ malignancies, currently there is no targeted therapy available for TNBCs. A number of mechanisms have been reported both in pre-clinical and clinical settings that involve inherent, acquired and adaptive resistance to small molecule inhibitors. Here, we demonstrated a novel resistance mechanism in TNBC cells mediated by PDGFRβ in response to JAK2 inhibition. METHODS Multiple in vitro (subG1, western blotting, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, Immunoprecipitation), in vivo and publically available datasets were used. RESULTS We showed that TNBC cells exposed to MEK1/2-JAK2 inhibitors exhibit resistant colonies in anchorage-independent growth assays. Moreover, cells treated with various small molecule inhibitors including JAK2 promote PDGFRβ upregulation. Using publically available databases, we showed that patients expressing high PDGFRβ or its ligand PDGFB exhibit poor relapse-free survival upon chemotherapeutic treatment. Mechanistically we found that JAK2 expression controls steady state levels of PDGFRβ. Thus, co-blockade of PDGFRβ with JAK2 and MEK1/2 inhibitors completely eradicated resistant colonies in vitro. We found that triple-combined treatment had a significant impact on CD44+/CD24- stem-cell-like cells. Likewise, we found a significant tumor growth inhibition in vivo through intratumoral CD8+ T cells infiltration in a manner that is reversed by anti-CD8 antibody treatment. CONCLUSION These findings reveal a novel regulatory role of JAK2-mediated PDGFRβ proteolysis and provide an example of a PDGFRβ-mediated resistance mechanism upon specific target inhibition in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Kalimutho
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Debottam Sinha
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Deepak Mittal
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Devathri Nanayakkara
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Shagufta Shafique
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Prahlad Raninga
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Purba Nag
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Kate Parsons
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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Randomised phase II study of second-line olaratumab with mitoxantrone/prednisone versus mitoxantrone/prednisone alone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2019; 107:186-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Xu J, Xie L, Guo W. PDGF/PDGFR effects in osteosarcoma and the "add-on" strategy. Clin Sarcoma Res 2018; 8:15. [PMID: 30083310 PMCID: PMC6071404 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-018-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New treatment options for advanced osteosarcoma have remained limited. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) pathway plays an important role in the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma, via either direct autocrine stimulation of tumor cells, or paracrine stimulation on tumor stromal cells. It promotes angiogenesis to overcome hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, and modulates tumor interstitial fluid pressure to control the influx and efflux of other agents. Targeting the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a promising therapeutic method to overcome drug resistance and improve patients' outcome in osteosarcoma. Further evidence is needed to define the detailed mechanism. Results from clinical trials using PDGF/PDGFR inhibitor as a single agent were disappointing, both in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma. However, when combined with other agents, named as "add-on" strategy, a synergistic antitumor effect has been confirmed in soft tissue sarcoma, and should be attempted in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Lu Xie
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Wei Guo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
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Yang Y, Deng Y, Chen X, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li H, Wu Q, Yang Z, Zhang L, Liu B. Inhibition of PDGFR by CP-673451 induces apoptosis and increases cisplatin cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells via inhibiting the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:88-98. [PMID: 29857117 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) are abundantly expressed by stromal cells in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) microenvironment, and in a subset of cancer cells, usually with their overexpression and/or activating mutation. However, the effect of PDGFR inhibition on lung cancer cells themselves has been largely neglected. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of CP-673451, a potent and selective inhibitor of PDGFRβ, on NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H358) and the potential mechanism. The results showed that inhibition of PDGFRβ by CP-673451 induced a significant increase in cell apoptosis, accompanied by ROS accumulation. However, CP-673451 exerted less cytotoxicity in normal lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells determined by MTT and apoptosis assay. Elimination of ROS by NAC reversed the CP-673451-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, CP-673451 down-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) probably through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Rescue of Nrf2 activity counteracted the effects of CP-673451 on cell apoptosis and ROS accumulation. Silencing PDGFRβ expression by PDGFRβ siRNA exerted similar effects with CP-673451 in A549 cells, and when PDGFRβ was knockdowned by PDGFRβ siRNA, CP-673451 produced no additional effects on cell viability, ROS and GSH production, Nrf2 expression as well as PI3K/Akt pathway activity. Specifically, Nrf2 plays an indispensable role in NSCLC cell sensitivity to platinum-based treatments and we found that combination of CP-673451 and cisplatin produced a synergistic anticancer effect and substantial ROS production in vitro. Therefore, these results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of inhibition of PDGFRβ against NSCLC cells and strongly suggest that CP-673451 may be a promising adjuvant chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanchao Deng
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangcui Chen
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yueming Chen
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huachao Li
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qipeng Wu
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play an important role in a variety of cellular processes including growth, motility, differentiation, and metabolism. As such, dysregulation of RTK signaling leads to an assortment of human diseases, most notably, cancers. Recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed the presence of various alterations in the genes encoding RTKs such as EGFR, HER2/ErbB2, and MET, amongst many others. Abnormal RTK activation in human cancers is mediated by four principal mechanisms: gain-of-function mutations, genomic amplification, chromosomal rearrangements, and / or autocrine activation. In this manuscript, we review the processes whereby RTKs are activated under normal physiological conditions and discuss several mechanisms whereby RTKs can be aberrantly activated in human cancers. Understanding of these mechanisms has important implications for selection of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christine M Lovly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Dvorak KM, Pettee KM, Rubinic-Minotti K, Su R, Nestor-Kalinoski A, Eisenmann KM. Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote breast cancer motility by suppressing mammalian Diaphanous-related formin-2 (mDia2). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195278. [PMID: 29596520 PMCID: PMC5875872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis. An important step in the shift to a pro-cancerous microenvironment is the transformation of normal stromal fibroblasts to carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs are present in a majority of solid tumors and can directly promote tumor cell motility via cytokine, chemokine and growth factor secretion into the TME. The exact effects that the TME has upon cytoskeletal regulation in motile tumor cells remain enigmatic. The conserved formin family of cytoskeleton regulating proteins plays an essential role in the assembly and/or bundling of unbranched actin filaments. Mammalian Diaphanous-related formin 2 (mDia2/DIAPH3/Drf3/Dia) assembles a dynamic F-actin cytoskeleton that underlies tumor cell migration and invasion. We therefore sought to understand whether CAF-derived chemokines impact breast tumor cell motility through modification of the formin-assembled F-actin cytoskeleton. In MDA-MB-231 cells, conditioned media (CM) from WS19T CAFs, a human breast tumor-adjacent CAF line, significantly and robustly increased wound closure and invasion relative to normal human mammary fibroblast (HMF)-CM. WS19T-CM also promoted proteasome-mediated mDia2 degradation in MDA-MB-231 cells relative to control HMF-CM and WS21T CAF-CM, a breast CAF cell line that failed to promote robust MDA-MB-231 migration. Cytokine array analysis of CM identified up-regulated secreted factors in WS19T relative to control WS21T CM. We identified CXCL12 as a CM factor influencing loss of mDia2 protein while increasing MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Our data suggest a mechanism whereby CAFs promote tumor cell migration and invasion through CXCL12 secretion to regulate the mDia2-directed cytoskeleton in breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Dvorak
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Krista M. Pettee
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin Rubinic-Minotti
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrea Nestor-Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M. Eisenmann
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vincenzi B, Badalamenti G, Napolitano A, Spalato Ceruso M, Pantano F, Grignani G, Russo A, Santini D, Aglietta M, Tonini G. Olaratumab: PDGFR-α inhibition as a novel tool in the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 118:1-6. [PMID: 28917265 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced soft tissue sarcomas are aggressive cancers with limited therapeutic options. Recently, inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α by the monoclonal antibody olaratumab showed promising clinical activity. If confirmed, this would be one of the first examples of targeted therapy effective in advanced soft tissue sarcomas therapy independently of the histologic subtype. Here, we reviewed the biology of the PDGF/PDGFR axis, particularly focusing on its role in cancer, and then we discussed on the effects of PDGFR-α inhibition in the therapy of advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzi
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Badalamenti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, Palermo University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grignani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institue-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, Palermo University Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Shi H, Yang X, Zhen Y, Huo S, Xiao R, Xu Z. MicroRNA‑499 rs3746444 A/G polymorphism functions as a biomarker to predict recurrence following endoscopic submucosal dissection in primary early gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3245-3251. [PMID: 28339066 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism, including the potential regulatory and signaling pathways, of platelet‑derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRB), which underlies the recurrence of early gastric cancer (EGC) following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Online microRNA (miRNA) target prediction tools were used, which identified PDGFRB as the candidate target gene of miR‑499a in gastric cancer cells, and PFGRBR was then confirmed as the direct gene using a luciferase reporter assay system. The Kaplan‑Meier method was used to plot recurrence‑free curves, which were compared between genotype groups. A negative regulatory association between miR‑499a and PDGFRB was established by investigating the relative luciferase activity at different concentrations of miR‑499a mimics. Furthermore, as the rs3746444 polymorphism has been previously reported to interfere with the expression of miR‑499a, the present study investigated the expression levels of different genotypes, including TT (n=20), TC (n=9) and CC (n=3), the results of which supported the hypothesis that the presence of the minor allele (C) of the rs3746444 polymorphism compromised the expression of miR‑499a. The present study also performed polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses to examine the mRNA and protein expression levels of PFGRBR among different genotypes or cells treated with different concentrations of miR‑499a mimics/inhibitors, which indicated the negative regulatory association between miR‑499a and PDGFRB. The present study also investigated the relative viabilities of EGC cells transfected with miR‑499a mimics (50 and 100 nM) and miR‑499a inhibitors (100 nM), and confirmed that miR‑499a negatively interfered with the viability of the EGC cells. The miR‑499a rs3746444 polymorphism was also recognized as a biomarker to predict recurrence following ESD in patients with EGC via analyzing the recurrence‑free rates among patients with EGC with different genotypes. The results showed that PDGFRB was validated as a target of miR‑499a, and rs3746444 was identified as a potential biomarker to predict the recurrence of EGC following ESD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Xiangshan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Zhen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Shoujun Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfa Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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Gascard P, Tlsty TD. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts: orchestrating the composition of malignancy. Genes Dev 2017; 30:1002-19. [PMID: 27151975 PMCID: PMC4863733 DOI: 10.1101/gad.279737.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor stroma is no longer seen solely as physical support for mutated epithelial cells but as an important modulator and even a driver of tumorigenicity. Within the tumor stromal milieu, heterogeneous populations of fibroblast-like cells, collectively termed carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), are key players in the multicellular, stromal-dependent alterations that contribute to malignant initiation and progression. This review focuses on novel insights into the contributions of CAFs to disease progression, emergent events leading to the generation of CAFs, identification of CAF-specific biomarkers predictive of disease outcome, and recent therapeutic approaches aimed at blunting or reverting detrimental protumorigenic phenotypes associated with CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gascard
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Thea D Tlsty
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Watts TL, Cui R, Szaniszlo P, Resto VA, Powell DW, Pinchuk IV. PDGF-AA mediates mesenchymal stromal cell chemotaxis to the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2016; 14:337. [PMID: 27931212 PMCID: PMC5146849 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The robust desmoplasia associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) suggests that the tumor microenvironment may be an important component in the pathophysiology of this cancer. Moreover, the high recurrence rate and poor clinical response to chemotherapy and radiation treatment further underscores that the non-cancerous cells of the microenvironment, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and pericytes, may be important in the pathophysiology of HNSCC. METHODS Confocal microscopy and immunohistomchemistry approaches were used to identify MSCs tumor microenvironment from patients with oral cavity and oral pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In vitro Boyden chamber assays and multiplex magnetic bead assays were used to measure MSC chemotaxis and to identify the chemokines secreted by JHU-011, -012, -019, three cells lines derived from patients with oral pharyngeal SCC. RESULTS We show here that MSCs reside in the tumor microenvironment of patients with oral cavity and oral pharyngeal SCC and are recruited via paracrine mediated tumor cell secretion of (platelet derived growth factor) PDGF-AA. The MSC markers CD90+, CD105+, and gremlin-1+ were found to co-localize on cells within the tumor microenvironment in oral cavity SCC specimens distinct from α-smooth muscle actin staining CAFs. The conditioned media from JHU-011, -012, and -019 caused a significant increase in MSC migration (>60%) and invasion (>50%; p < 0.0001) compared to oral keratinocyte (OKT) controls. Tumor cell induced MSC chemotaxis appears to be mediated through paracrine secretion of PDGF-AA as inhibition of the PDGF-AA receptor, PDGFR-α but not PDGFR-β, resulted in near arrest of MSC chemotaxis (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Tumor microenvironment expression of PDGFR-α has been shown to correlate with a worse prognosis in patients with prostate, breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung cancer and osteosarcoma. This is the first evidence that a similar signaling paradigm may be present in HNSCC. PDGFR-α inhibitors have not been studied as adjunctive treatment options in the management of HNSCC and may prove to be an important driver of the malignant phenotype in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammara L Watts
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0521, USA.
| | - Ruwen Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0521, USA
| | - Peter Szaniszlo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0521, USA
| | - Vicente A Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0521, USA
| | - Don W Powell
- Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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Afratis NA, Nikitovic D, Multhaupt HAB, Theocharis AD, Couchman JR, Karamanos NK. Syndecans – key regulators of cell signaling and biological functions. FEBS J 2016; 284:27-41. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A. Afratis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy‐Histology‐Embryology School of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
| | | | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
| | - John R. Couchman
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
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Raja UM, Gopal G, Shirley S, Ramakrishnan AS, Rajkumar T. Immunohistochemical expression and localization of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in gastric cancer. Cytokine 2016; 89:82-90. [PMID: 27793525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies on gastric cancer tissue and patient plasma samples identified several cytokines/chemokines/growth factors to be differentially expressed, compared to normal samples. In this study our aim was to understand the localization patterns of the markers in gastric tissues. We investigated the expression of PDGFRB, CCL3, MMP3, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL20, IGFBP3, CXCL9, SPP1, CCL18, TIMP1, CCL15, CXCL5 and CCL4 in gastric tissues using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on Tissue Microarrays (TMA). The TMA comprised of 25 apparently normal (AN), 87 paired normal (PN) and 134 gastric cancer (T) tissues. The epithelial and stromal expression of markers and their correlation with patient characteristics and outcome were analyzed. Several of the markers [PDGFRB (p<0.001), CCL3 (p<0.001), MMP3 (p<0.001), CXCL8 (p<0.001), CXCL10 (p<0.001), CCL20 (p<0.001), CXCL9 (p<0.001), CCL18 (p<0.001), TIMP1 (p=0.025), CCL15 (p<0.001)] were elevated in the stromal compartment of gastric cancers compared to AN tissues, with some having intermediate levels of expression in PN tissues. Epithelial and stromal PDGFRB (p=0.030, p=0.018) expression was associated with diffuse type gastric cancer. Stromal IGFBP3 (p=0.039), CXCL8 (p=0.008), TIMP1 (p<0.001), CCL4 (p=0.003) and SPP1 (p=0.048) expression was associated with intestinal type gastric cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher epithelial PDGFRB (p=0.005 and p=0.004), CXCL8 (p=0.009 and p=0.007) were associated with poor disease free and overall survival. In multivariate analysis, high epithelial PDGFRB (p=0.036 and p=0.02) and SPP1 (p=0.003 and p<0.001) were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS in patients with gastric cancer. The expression of cytokine/chemokine/growth factor markers is higher in the gastric tumor stroma compared to the normal gastric stroma and PDGFRB and SPP1 may serve as potential prognostic factors in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthandaraman Mahalinga Raja
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gopisetty Gopal
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sundersingh Shirley
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ayloor Seshadri Ramakrishnan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Frangou C, Li YW, Shen H, Yang N, Wilson KE, Blijlevens M, Guo J, Nowak NJ, Zhang J. Molecular profiling and computational network analysis of TAZ-mediated mammary tumorigenesis identifies actionable therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12166-76. [PMID: 25361000 PMCID: PMC4323005 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15-20% of all breast cancer (BC) cases and contributes disproportionately to BC mortality. TAZ, a key transducer of the Hippo pathway, has recently been demonstrated to confer breast cancer stem cell (CSC) traits. However, TAZ target genes and the underlying transcriptional regulatory pathways responsible for the CSC phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the oncogenic activity of TAZ is essential for propagation of the malignant phenotype. We further show that constitutively active TAZ tumor-derived cells exhibit unique tumor-initiating properties, including increased self-renewal and metastatic seeding potential, acquired chemotherapy resistance and the ability to efficiently regenerate tumor formation in vivo. Combined digital RNA expression analysis and computational network approaches identify several signaling pathways that distinguish breast cancer tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) from bulk tumor cells. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by repositioning the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Dasatinib, which selectively targets T-ICs and inhibits TNBC growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costa Frangou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ying-Wei Li
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - He Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Nuo Yang
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kayla E Wilson
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Maxime Blijlevens
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Norma J Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and paracrine diffusible signals have a major role in the promotion of breast cancer cell migration induced by cancer-associated fibroblasts. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1675-86. [PMID: 25880005 PMCID: PMC4430719 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the recognised contribution of the stroma to breast cancer development and progression, the effective targeting of the tumor microenvironment remains a challenge to be addressed. We previously reported that normal fibroblasts (NFs) and, notably, breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and increases in cell membrane fluidity and migration in well- (MCF-7) and poorly-differentiated (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. This study was designed to better define the role played, especially by CAFs, in promoting breast tumor cell migration. Methods: Fibroblast/breast cancer cell co-cultures were set up to investigate the influence of NFs and CAFs on gene and protein expression of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the main enzyme regulating membrane fluidity, as well as on the protein level and activity of its transcription factor, the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. To assess the role of SREBP1 in the regulation of SCD1 expression, the desaturase levels were also determined in tumor cells treated with an SREBP1 inhibitor. Migration was evaluated by wound-healing assay in SCD1-inhibited (by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmacologically) cancer cells and the effect of CAF-conditioned medium was also assessed. To define the role of stroma-derived signals in cancer cell migration speed, cell-tracking analysis was performed in the presence of neutralising antibodies to hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-β or basic fibroblast growth factor. Results: A two to three fold increase in SCD1 mRNA and protein expression has been induced, particularly by CAFs, in the two cancer cell lines that appear to be dependent on SREBP1 activity in MCF-7 but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Both siRNA-mediated and pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 impaired tumor cells migration, also when promoted by CAF-released soluble factors. Fibroblast-triggered increase in cancer cell migration speed was markedly reduced or abolished by neutralising the above growth factors. Conclusion: These results provide further insights in understanding the role of CAFs in promoting tumor cell migration, which may help to design new stroma-based therapeutic strategies.
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Estrogen receptor alpha mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transition, expression of specific matrix effectors and functional properties of breast cancer cells. Matrix Biol 2015; 43:42-60. [PMID: 25728938 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 17β-estradiol (E2)/estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways in hormone-dependent breast cancer. E2 plays pivotal roles in cancer cell growth, survival, and architecture as well as in gene expression regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we established stably transfected MCF-7 cells by knocking down the ERα gene (designated as MCF-7/SP10+ cells), using specific shRNA lentiviral particles, and compared them with the control cells (MCF-7/c). Interestingly, ERα silencing in MCF-7 cells strongly induced cellular phenotypic changes accompanied by significant changes in gene and protein expression of several markers typical of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Notably, these cells exhibited enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, ERα suppression strongly affected the gene and protein expression of EGFR and HER2 receptor tyrosine kinases, and various extracellular matrix (ECM) effectors, including matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors (MMPs/TIMPs) and components of the plasminogen activation system. The action caused by E2 in MCF-7/c cells in the expression of HER2, MT1-MMP, MMP1, MMP9, uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 was abolished in MCF-7/SP10+ cells lacking ERα. These data suggested a regulatory role for the E2/ERα pathway in respect to the composition and activity of the extracellular proteolytic molecular network. Notably, loss of ERα promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion by inducing changes in the expression levels of certain matrix macromolecules (especially uPA, tPA, PAI-1) through the EGFR-ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, loss of ERα in breast cancer cells results in a potent EMT characterized by striking changes in the expression profile of specific matrix macromolecules highlighting the potential nodal role of matrix effectors in breast cancer endocrine resistance.
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Aguirre Palma LM, Gehrke I, Kreuzer KA. Angiogenic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): Where do we stand? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 93:225-36. [PMID: 25459668 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in haematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is difficult to envision, because leukaemia cells are not dependent on a network of blood vessels to support basic physiological requirements. Regardless, CLL cells secrete high levels of major angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Nonetheless, it remains unclear how most angiogenic factors regulate accumulation and delayed apoptosis of CLL cells. Angiogenic factors such as leptin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), follistatin, angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), angiogenin (ANG), midkine (MK), pleiotrophin (PTN), progranulin (PGRN), proliferin (PLF), placental growth factor (PIGF), and endothelial locus-1 (Del-1), represent novel therapeutic targets of future CLL research but have remained widely overlooked. This review aims to outline our current understanding of angiogenic growth factors and their relationship with CLL, a still uncured haematopoietic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Gehrke
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Karl-Anton Kreuzer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Liu C, Li J, Xiang X, Guo L, Tu K, Liu Q, Shah VH, Kang N. PDGF receptor-α promotes TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells via transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of TGF-β receptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G749-59. [PMID: 25169976 PMCID: PMC4187064 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00138.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling are required for hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation under pathological conditions such as liver metastatic tumor growth. These two signaling pathways are functionally divergent; PDGF signaling promotes proliferation and migration of HSCs, and TGF-β induces transdifferentiation of quiescent HSCs into myofibroblasts. Although PDGF signaling is implicated in TGF-β-mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition of tumor cells, the role of PDGF receptors in TGF-β activation of HSCs has not been investigated. Here we report that PDGF receptor-α (PDGFR-α) is required for TGF-β signaling of cultured human HSCs although HSCs express both PDGF-α and -β receptors. PDGFR-α knockdown inhibits TGF-β-induced phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of SMAD2 with no influence on AKT or ERK phosphorylation associated with noncanonical TGF-β signaling. PDGFR-α knockdown suppresses TGF-β receptor I (TβRI) but increases TβRII gene transcription. At the protein level, PDGFR-α is recruited to TβRI/TβRII complexes by TGF-β stimulation. PDGFR-α knockdown blocks TGF-β-mediated internalization of TβRII and induces accumulation of TβRII at the plasma membrane, thereby inhibiting TGF-β phosphorylation of SMAD2. Functionally, knockdown of PDGFR-α reduces paracrine effects of HSCs on colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In mice and patients, colorectal cancer cell invasion of the liver induces upregulation of PDGFR-α of HSCs. In summary, our finding that PDGFR-α knockdown inhibits SMAD-dependent TGF-β signaling by repressing TβRI transcriptionally and blocking endocytosis of TGF-β receptors highlights a convergence of PDGF and TGF-β signaling for HSC activation and PDGFR-α as a therapeutic target for liver metastasis and other settings of HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Liu
- 1GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Jiachu Li
- 1GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ,2Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute/University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota; ,3Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Xiang
- 2Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute/University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota;
| | - Luyang Guo
- 2Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute/University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota;
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- 1GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ,4Department of Hepatobillary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- 1GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- 1GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Ningling Kang
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute/University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota;
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Fu Z, Song P, Li D, Yi C, Chen H, Ruan S, Shi Z, Xu W, Fu X, Zheng S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts from invasive breast cancer have an attenuated capacity to secrete collagens. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1479-88. [PMID: 25070059 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal fibroblasts produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components that form the structural framework of tissues. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with an activated phenotype mainly contribute to ECM deposition and construction of cancer masses. However, the stroma of breast cancer tissues has been shown to be more complicated, and the mechanisms through which CAFs influence ECM deposition remain elusive. In this study, we found that the activated fibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was only present in the stroma of breast cancer tissue, and the CAFs isolated from invasive breast cancer sample remained to be activated and proliferative in passages. To further assess the difference between CAFs and normal breast fibroblasts (NFs), MALDI TOF/TOF‑MS was used to analyze the secretory proteins of primary CAFs and NFs. In total, 2,903 and 3,023 proteins were identified. Mass spectrum quantitative assay and data analysis for extracellular proteins indicated that the CAFs produce less collagens and matrix-degrading enzymes compared with NFs. This finding was confirmed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, we discovered that reduced collagen deposition was present in the stroma of invasive breast cancer. These studies showed that although CAFs from invasive breast cancer possess an activated phenotype, they secreted less collagen and induced less ECM deposition in cancer stroma. In cancer tissue, the remodeling of stromal structure and tumor microenvironment might, therefore, be attributed to the biological changes in CAFs including their protein expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention (China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Peiming Song
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention (China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Li
- Cardiovascular Ward of Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chenghao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention (China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention (China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention (China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention (China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wenhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention (China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xianhua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention (China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention (China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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MicroRNA-34A inhibits the growth, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer by targeting PDGFR and MET expression. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:BSR20140020. [PMID: 24837198 PMCID: PMC4069683 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the family of RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases), PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) has been implicated in carcinogenesis and tumour development. miRNAs (microRNAs), which can target the mRNAs (messenger RNAs) of cancer-associated genes, are abnormally expressed in various cancers. In this study, our aim was to identify the miRNAs that target PDGFR-α/β and to study the functions of these miRNAs. miR-34a was predicted to target PDGFR, and luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-34a could directly target PDGFR. Meanwhile, we found that miR-34a was down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and was associated with metastasis. Our findings showed that miR-34a could inhibit gastric cancer cell migration, invasion and proliferation, but these tumourigenic properties were only partially restored when PDGFR-α/β was overexpressed. In subsequent experiments, we found that the overexpression of both PDGFR and MET could completely restore the gastric cancer tumourigenic properties. Moreover, the cancer-associated cell signalling pathway was studied, and we found that miR-34a could inhibit Akt [PKB (protein kinase B)] phosphorylation, which was restored by the overexpression of both PDGFR and MET. In conclusion, miR-34a may act as a potential tumour suppressor in gastric cancer and is associated with the mechanisms of gastric cancer metastasis; miR-34a can inhibit gastric cancer tumourigenesis by targeting PDGFR and MET through the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt pathway.
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