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Park SO, Uyangaa E, Lee YK, Yun SH, Yu M, Kim HJ, Cho HW, Byeon HW, Lee CK, Eo SK. Exploring the Preventive Potential of Solubilized Sturgeon Oil on Acute Infection with Respiratory Viruses. Mar Drugs 2025; 23:112. [PMID: 40137298 PMCID: PMC11943521 DOI: 10.3390/md23030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory viral infections (ARIs) represent a significant global health challenge, contributing heavily to worldwide morbidity and mortality rates. Recent efforts to combat ARIs have focused on developing nasal spray formulations that effectively target the nasal mucosa. However, challenges such as irritation, discomfort, and safety concerns highlight the need for natural, eco-friendly ingredients. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of solubilized sturgeon oil (SSO), prepared as an oil-in-water nanoemulsion from Siberian sturgeon, as an eco-friendly preventive nasal spray agent against ARIs. Intranasal pre-treatment with SSO effectively inhibited respiratory infections caused by SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus (IAV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Additionally, it suppressed viral replication in both nasal and lung tissues. This antiviral effect was linked to reduced pulmonary inflammation, characterized by decreased infiltration of Ly-6C+ monocytes and Ly-6G+ neutrophils, along with lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Histopathological analyses confirmed that nasal SSO administration significantly mitigated lung inflammation progression caused by viral infections. Notably, the protective effects of SSO against SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and RSV persisted for at least six hours following nasal application. These findings highlight SSO as a promising eco-friendly and safe candidate for nasal spray formulations, providing a potential frontline defense against ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ok Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, and Core Facility Center for Zoonosis Research (Core-FCZR), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.O.P.); (E.U.); (S.-H.Y.); (M.Y.); (H.J.K.); (H.W.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Erdenebileg Uyangaa
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, and Core Facility Center for Zoonosis Research (Core-FCZR), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.O.P.); (E.U.); (S.-H.Y.); (M.Y.); (H.J.K.); (H.W.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Yong-Kwang Lee
- BIO R&D Center, Sturgeon Bio Ltd., Co., Cheongju 28581, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Suk-Hyun Yun
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, and Core Facility Center for Zoonosis Research (Core-FCZR), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.O.P.); (E.U.); (S.-H.Y.); (M.Y.); (H.J.K.); (H.W.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Minyeong Yu
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, and Core Facility Center for Zoonosis Research (Core-FCZR), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.O.P.); (E.U.); (S.-H.Y.); (M.Y.); (H.J.K.); (H.W.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, and Core Facility Center for Zoonosis Research (Core-FCZR), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.O.P.); (E.U.); (S.-H.Y.); (M.Y.); (H.J.K.); (H.W.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Hye Won Cho
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, and Core Facility Center for Zoonosis Research (Core-FCZR), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.O.P.); (E.U.); (S.-H.Y.); (M.Y.); (H.J.K.); (H.W.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Hee Won Byeon
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, and Core Facility Center for Zoonosis Research (Core-FCZR), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.O.P.); (E.U.); (S.-H.Y.); (M.Y.); (H.J.K.); (H.W.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- BIO R&D Center, Sturgeon Bio Ltd., Co., Cheongju 28581, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, and Core Facility Center for Zoonosis Research (Core-FCZR), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.O.P.); (E.U.); (S.-H.Y.); (M.Y.); (H.J.K.); (H.W.C.); (H.W.B.)
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Seifelnasr A, Si X, Xi J. Effects of Nozzle Retraction Elimination on Spray Distribution in Middle-Posterior Turbinate Regions: A Comparative Study. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:683. [PMID: 38794345 PMCID: PMC11124954 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The standard multi-dose nasal spray pump features an integrated actuator and nozzle, which inevitably causes a retraction of the nozzle tip during application. The retraction stroke is around 5.5 mm and drastically reduces the nozzle's insertion depth, which further affects the initial nasal spray deposition and subsequent translocation, potentially increasing drug wastes and dosimetry variability. To address this issue, we designed a new spray pump that separated the nozzle from the actuator and connected them with a flexible tube, thereby eliminating nozzle retraction during application. The objective of this study is to test the new device's performance in comparison to the conventional nasal pump in terms of spray generation, plume development, and dosimetry distribution. For both devices, the spray droplet size distribution was measured using a laser diffraction particle analyzer. Plume development was recorded with a high-definition camera. Nasal dosimetry was characterized in two transparent nasal cavity casts (normal and decongested) under two breathing conditions (breath-holding and constant inhalation). The nasal formulation was a 0.25% w/v methyl cellulose aqueous solution with a fluorescent dye. For each test case, the temporospatial spray translocation in the nasal cavity was recorded, and the final delivered doses were quantified in five nasal regions. The results indicate minor differences in droplet size distribution between the two devices. The nasal plume from the new device presents a narrower plume angle. The head orientation, the depth at which the nozzle is inserted into the nostril, and the administration angle play crucial roles in determining the initial deposition of nasal sprays as well as the subsequent translocation of the liquid film/droplets. Quantitative measurements of deposition distributions in the nasal models were augmented with visualization recordings to evaluate the delivery enhancements introduced by the new device. With an extension tube, the modified device produced a lower spray output and delivered lower doses in the front, middle, and back turbinate than the conventional nasal pump. However, sprays from the new device were observed to penetrate deeper into the nasal passages, predominantly through the middle-upper meatus. This resulted in consistently enhanced dosing in the middle-upper turbinate regions while at the cost of higher drug loss to the pharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Seifelnasr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Xiuhua Si
- Department of Aerospace, Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA;
| | - Jinxiang Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
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Gul I, Kamal MA. Experimental and Computational Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Theranostics. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:i-ii. [PMID: 36650977 DOI: 10.2174/138161282846221227231152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ijaz Gul
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
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