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Shi T, Feng Y, Liu W, Liu H, Li T, Wang M, Li Z, Lu J, Abudurexiti A, Maimaitireyimu A, Hu J, Gao F. Characteristics of gut microbiota and fecal metabolomes in patients with celiac disease in Northwest China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1020977. [PMID: 36519162 PMCID: PMC9742481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune small bowel disease. The pattern of gut microbiota is closely related to dietary habits, genetic background, and geographical factors. There is a lack of research on CD-related gut microbiota in China. This study aimed to use 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics to analyze the fecal microbial composition and metabolome characteristics in patients diagnosed with CD in Northwest China, and to screen potential biomarkers that could be used for its diagnosis. A significant difference in the gut microbiota composition was observed between the CD and healthy controls groups. At the genus level, the abundance of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, and Allisonella communities in the CD group were increased (Q < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Gemmiger, and Anaerostipes community in this group were decreased (Q < 0.05). A total of 222 different fecal metabolites were identified in the two groups, suggesting that CD patients have a one-carbon metabolism defect. Four species of bacteria and six metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers using a random forest model. Correlation analysis showed that changes in the gut microbiota were significantly correlated with changes in fecal metabolite levels. In conclusion, the patterns of distribution of gut microbiota and metabolomics in patients with CD in Northwest China were found to be unique to these individuals. This has opened up a new way to explore potential beneficial effects of supplementing specific nutrients and potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Ziqiong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Adilai Abudurexiti
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Ayinuer Maimaitireyimu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiali Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
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Wu X, Zhu T, Zhang H, Lu L, He X, Liu C, Fan SJ. Identification of odor biomarkers in irradiation injury urine based on headspace SPME-GC-MS. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1597-1605. [PMID: 34402727 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1969050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The threat of population exposure to ionizing radiation is increasing rapidly worldwide. Such exposure, especially at high-dose, is known to cause acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Hence, it is necessary to develop specific and sensitive biomarkers to accurately diagnose radiation injury and evaluate medical countermeasures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a model organism with a fine and sound olfactory system, was used to examine the odor of urine samples collected from irradiation-injured rats, and compared with those from un-irradiated control rats to investigate the 'special odor' of radiation injury. Subsequently, headspace SPME-GC-MS was applied for non-targeted metabolomic analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine, with the aim to discover changes of small molecule metabolites and identify odor biomarkers of irradiation injury. RESULTS C. elegans showed significant attraction to the urine of total body irradiation (TBI) rats compared with control rats, indicating that irradiation injury can emit 'special odor' and the metabolites in urine VOCs were changed. Using metabolomics based on headspace SPME-GC-MS for metabolic profiles analysis, we screened 63 differentially expressed metabolites. Among them, 10 metabolites including p-Cresol with excellent diagnostic ability were identified as odor biomarkers according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the 'special odor' induced by irradiation injury, and identified biomarkers through urine VOCs analysis for the first time, which can provide a novel approach and insight to evaluate irradiation injury noninvasively, accurately and conveniently.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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Singh A, Pramanik A, Acharya P, Makharia GK. Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Celiac Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060885. [PMID: 31234270 PMCID: PMC6616864 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be uncommon, celiac disease has now become a common disease globally. While avoidance of the gluten-containing diet is the only effective treatment so far, many new targets are being explored for the development of new drugs for its treatment. The endpoints of therapy include not only reversal of symptoms, normalization of immunological abnormalities and healing of mucosa, but also maintenance of remission of the disease by strict adherence of the gluten-free diet (GFD). There is no single gold standard test for the diagnosis of celiac disease and the diagnosis is based on the presence of a combination of characteristics including the presence of a celiac-specific antibody (anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody, anti-endomysial antibody or anti-deamidated gliadin peptide antibody) and demonstration of villous abnormalities. While the demonstration of enteropathy is an important criterion for a definite diagnosis of celiac disease, it requires endoscopic examination which is perceived as an invasive procedure. The capability of prediction of enteropathy by the presence of the high titer of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody led to an option of making a diagnosis even without obtaining mucosal biopsies. While present day diagnostic tests are great, they, however, have certain limitations. Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers for screening of patients, prediction of enteropathy, and monitoring of patients for adherence of the gluten-free diet. Efforts are now being made to explore various biomarkers which reflect different changes that occur in the intestinal mucosa using modern day tools including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. In the present review, we have discussed comprehensively the pros and cons of available biomarkers and also summarized the current status of emerging biomarkers for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
| | - Pragyan Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
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Vemuri R, Shinde T, Gundamaraju R, Gondalia SV, Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Martoni CJ, Eri R. Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Improves Metabolic Profiles in Aging Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1255. [PMID: 30200669 PMCID: PMC6165029 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota shifts can alter host metabolism even during healthy aging. Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, a probiotic strain, has shown promising probiotic character in vitro, as well as in clinical studies. The present study was carried out to investigate whether DDS-1 can modulate the host metabolic phenotype under the condition of age-affected gut microbial shifts in young and aging C57BL/6J mice. Collected fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identifying gut microbiota and untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics analysis. Gut microbial shifts were observed in the control groups (young and aging), leading to an alteration in metabolism. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of microbiota indicated distinct separation in both the DDS-1-treated groups. L. acidophilus DDS-1 increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus spp., and reduced the relative levels of opportunistic bacteria such as Proteobacteria spp. Metabolic pathway analysis identified 10 key pathways involving amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and butanoate metabolism. These findings suggest that modulation of gut microbiota by DDS-1 results in improvement of metabolic phenotype in the aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
| | - Tanvi Shinde
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
| | - Shakuntla V Gondalia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland 2601, Australia.
| | - David J Beale
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland 2601, Australia.
| | | | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
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Gut microbial diversity in HIV infection post combined antiretroviral therapy: a key target for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2018; 13:38-44. [PMID: 29045253 PMCID: PMC5718258 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although the HIV-infected population is living longer and getting older under current treatment regimens, significant challenges arise for health management as the infection is associated with various premature aging phenotypes, particularly increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here we review the current understanding of HIV-related gut dysbiosis in association with CVD and advances in clinical trials aiming to restore gut microbial diversity. RECENT FINDING Identification of a unique signature for gut dysbiosis in HIV infection between different cohorts remains challenging. However, low diversity of microbiota combined with the outgrowth of pathogenic bacterial species together with dysregulated metabolic pathways have been linked to compromised gut immunity, bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation, hence higher CVD risk among different cohorts. Data from recent clinical trials aiming to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of probiotics in treated HIV+ patients are promising and support a significant increase in microbiota diversity and reduction of systemic inflammation. However, the impact of these microbial and immunological corrections on the prevalence of CVD in HIV+ patients remains unclear. SUMMARY Positive immunological outcomes following enrichment of the gut microbial diversity have been documented, and further trials are in progress to evaluate the range of patients, with different immunological backgrounds, who might benefit from these treatments.
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