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Quan YS, Li X, Pang L, Deng H, Chen F, Joon Lee J, Quan ZS, Liu P, Guo HY, Shen QK. Panaxadiol carbamate derivatives: Synthesis and biological evaluation as potential multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106977. [PMID: 38064805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
It is reported that panaxadiol has neuroprotective effects. Previous studies have found that compound with carbamate structure introduced at the 3-OH position of 20 (R) -panaxadiol showed the most effective neuroprotective activity with an EC50 of 13.17 μM. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of ginseng diol carbamate derivatives with ginseng diol as the lead compound, and tested their anti-AD activity. It was found that the protective effect of compound Q4 on adrenal pheochromocytoma was 80.6 ± 10.85 % (15 μM), and the EC50 was 4.32 μM. According to the ELISA results, Q4 reduced the expression of Aβ25-35 by decreasing β-secretase production. Molecular docking studies revealed that the binding affinity of Q4 to β-secretase was -49.67 kcal/mol, indicating a strong binding affinity of Q4 to β-secretase. Western blotting showed that compound Q4 decreased IL-1β levels, which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, compound Q4 exhibits anti-AD activities by reducing abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein and activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. The learning and memory deficits in mice treated with Q4in vivo were significantly alleviated. Therefore, Q4 may be a promising multifunctional drug for the treatment of AD, providing a new way for anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Sheng Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jung Joon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
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2
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Doroszkiewicz J, Farhan JA, Mroczko J, Winkel I, Perkowski M, Mroczko B. Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15721. [PMID: 37958705 PMCID: PMC10649239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements and metals play critical roles in the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), and their dysregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In a healthy CNS, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese play vital roles as enzyme cofactors, supporting neurotransmission, cellular metabolism, and antioxidant defense. Imbalances in these trace elements can lead to oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby contributing to neurodegeneration. In AD, copper and zinc imbalances are associated with amyloid-beta and tau pathology, impacting cognitive function. PD involves the disruption of iron and manganese levels, leading to oxidative damage and neuronal loss. Toxic metals, like lead and cadmium, impair synaptic transmission and exacerbate neuroinflammation, impacting CNS health. The role of aluminum in AD neurofibrillary tangle formation has also been noted. Understanding the roles of these elements in CNS health and disease might offer potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. The Codex Alimentarius standards concerning the mentioned metals in foods may be one of the key legal contributions to safeguarding public health. Further research is needed to fully comprehend these complex mechanisms and develop effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Ali Farhan
- Department of Public International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Winkel
- Dementia Disorders Centre, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Scinawa, Poland
| | - Maciej Perkowski
- Department of Public International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Sanajou S, Erkekoğlu P, Şahin G, Baydar T. Role of aluminum exposure on Alzheimer's disease and related glycogen synthase kinase pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:510-522. [PMID: 35443844 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2065291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an environmentally abundant metal that is not essential for life. There is considerable evidence that Al as a neurotoxic xenobiotic may play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exposure to aluminum has been shown to cause neuronal damage that resembles the symptoms of AD. In this review, we will summarize recent data about Al as the possible risk of incidence of AD. Then glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) contributes to the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, the main component of neurofibrillary tangles, one of the hallmarks of AD as one of the mechanisms behind Al neurotoxicity will be covered. Overall, there is still a need for epidemiological studies and more in vivo and in vitro studies to determine the exact mechanisms of its neurotoxicity and the role of GSK3β in both Al toxic effect and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sanajou
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Pınar Erkekoğlu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gönül Şahin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Ortiz NR, Guy N, Garcia YA, Sivils JC, Galigniana MD, Cox MB. Functions of the Hsp90-Binding FKBP Immunophilins. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:41-80. [PMID: 36520303 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Hsp90 chaperone is known to interact with a diverse array of client proteins. However, in every case examined, Hsp90 is also accompanied by a single or several co-chaperone proteins. One class of co-chaperone contains a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain that targets the co-chaperone to the C-terminal region of Hsp90. Within this class are Hsp90-binding peptidylprolyl isomerases, most of which belong to the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family. Despite the common association of FKBP co-chaperones with Hsp90, it is abundantly clear that the client protein influences, and is often influenced by, the particular FKBP bound to Hsp90. Examples include Xap2 in aryl hydrocarbon receptor complexes and FKBP52 in steroid receptor complexes. In this chapter, we discuss the known functional roles played by FKBP co-chaperones and, where possible, relate distinctive functions to structural differences between FKBP members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina R Ortiz
- Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Naihsuan Guy
- Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Yenni A Garcia
- Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Sivils
- Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mario D Galigniana
- Departamento de Química Biológica/IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marc B Cox
- Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
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Jin W, Lu C, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Zhang W, Wang L, Linhardt RJ, Wang C, Zhang F. Fucoidans inhibited tau interaction and cellular uptake. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120176. [PMID: 36876791 PMCID: PMC10506861 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Tau spreading in Alzheimer's disease is mediated by cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). As a class of sulfated polysaccharides, fucoidans might compete with HS to bind tau, resulting in the cessation of tau spreading. The structural determinants of fucoidans for competition with HS binding to tau are not well understood. Sixty previously prepared fucoidans/glycans with different structural determinants were used to determine their binding abilities to tau using SPR and AlphaLISA. Finally, it was found that fucoidans had two fractions (sulfated galactofucan (SJ-I) and sulfated heteropolysaccharide (SJ-GX-3)), which exhibited strong binding abilities than heparin. Tau cellular uptake assays using wild type mouse lung endothelial cell lines were performed. It was shown SJ-I and SJ-GX-3 inhibited tau-cell interaction and tau cellular uptake, suggesting that fucoidans might be good candidates for inhibiting tau spreading. NMR titration mapped fucoidans binding sites, which could provide the theoretical basis for the design of tau spreading inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Chenghui Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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6
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Zhao Y, Pogue AI, Alexandrov PN, Butler LG, Li W, Jaber VR, Lukiw WJ. Alteration of Biomolecular Conformation by Aluminum-Implications for Protein Misfolding Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:5123. [PMID: 36014365 PMCID: PMC9412470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural element aluminum possesses a number of unique biochemical and biophysical properties that make this highly neurotoxic species deleterious towards the structural integrity, conformation, reactivity and stability of several important biomolecules. These include aluminum's (i) small ionic size and highly electrophilic nature, having the highest charge density of any metallic cation with a Z2/r of 18 (ionic charge +3, radius 0.5 nm); (ii) inclination to form extremely stable electrostatic bonds with a tendency towards covalency; (iii) ability to interact irreversibly and/or significantly slow down the exchange-rates of complex aluminum-biomolecular interactions; (iv) extremely dense electropositive charge with one of the highest known affinities for oxygen-donor ligands such as phosphate; (v) presence as the most abundant metal in the Earth's biosphere and general bioavailability in drinking water, food, medicines, consumer products, groundwater and atmospheric dust; and (vi) abundance as one of the most commonly encountered intracellular and extracellular metallotoxins. Despite aluminum's prevalence and abundance in the biosphere it is remarkably well-tolerated by all plant and animal species; no organism is known to utilize aluminum metabolically; however, a biological role for aluminum has been assigned in the compaction of chromatin. In this Communication, several examples are given where aluminum has been shown to irreversibly perturb and/or stabilize the natural conformation of biomolecules known to be important in energy metabolism, gene expression, cellular homeostasis and pathological signaling in neurological disease. Several neurodegenerative disorders that include the tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease and multiple prion disorders involve the altered conformation of naturally occurring cellular proteins. Based on the data currently available we speculate that one way aluminum contributes to neurological disease is to induce the misfolding of naturally occurring proteins into altered pathological configurations that contribute to the neurodegenerative disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | | | - Leslie G. Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Wenhong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Vivian R. Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Alchem Biotek Research, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 113152 Moscow, Russian
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department Neurology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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7
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Xi H, Li N, Shi Z, Wu P, Pan N, Wang D, You T, Zhang X, Xu G, Gao Y, Liang X, Yin P. A three-dimensional “turn-on” sensor array for simultaneous discrimination of multiple heavy metal ions based on bovine serum albumin hybridized fluorescent gold nanoclusters. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1220:340023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Conformation Changes of Enkephalin in Coordination with Pb2+ Investigated by Gas Phase Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Combined with Theoretical Calculations. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Arbo BD, Schimith LE, Goulart dos Santos M, Hort MA. Repositioning and development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Tang Y, Zhang D, Gong X, Zheng J. A mechanistic survey of Alzheimer's disease. Biophys Chem 2021; 281:106735. [PMID: 34894476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common, age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder. While AD has been intensively studied from different aspects, there is no effective cure for AD, largely due to a lack of a clear mechanistic understanding of AD. In this mini-review, we mainly focus on the discussion and summary of mechanistic causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While different AD mechanisms illustrate different molecular and cellular pathways in AD pathogenesis, they do not necessarily exclude each other. Instead, some of them could work together to initiate, trigger, and promote the onset and development of AD. In a broader viewpoint, some AD mechanisms (e.g., amyloid aggregation mechanism, microbial infection/neuroinflammation mechanism, and amyloid cross-seeding mechanism) could also be applicable to other amyloid diseases including type II diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and prion disease. Such common mechanisms for AD and other amyloid diseases explain not only the pathogenesis of individual amyloid diseases, but also the spreading of pathologies between these diseases, which will inspire new strategies for therapeutic intervention and prevention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, OH, United States of America
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, OH, United States of America
| | - Xiong Gong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, OH, United States of America
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, OH, United States of America.
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11
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DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced in Human Cells by Twelve Metallic Species: Quantitative Inter-Comparisons and Influence of the ATM Protein. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101462. [PMID: 34680095 PMCID: PMC8533583 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a considerable amount of data, the molecular and cellular bases of the toxicity due to metal exposure remain unknown. Recent mechanistic models from radiobiology have emerged, pointing out that the radiation-induced nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein (RIANS) initiates the recognition and the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and the final response to genotoxic stress. In order to document the role of ATM-dependent DSB repair and signalling after metal exposure, we applied twelve different metal species representing nine elements (Al, Cu, Zn Ni, Pd, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Fe) to human skin, mammary, and brain cells. Our findings suggest that metals may directly or indirectly induce DSB at a rate that depends on the metal properties and concentration, and tissue type. At specific metal concentration ranges, the nucleo-shuttling of ATM can be delayed which impairs DSB recognition and repair and contributes to toxicity and carcinogenicity. Interestingly, as observed after low doses of ionizing radiation, some phenomena equivalent to the biological response observed at high metal concentrations may occur at lower concentrations. A general mechanistic model of the biological response to metal exposure based on the nucleo-shuttling of ATM is proposed to describe the metal-induced stress response and to define quantitative endpoints for toxicity and carcinogenicity.
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12
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Ege D. Action Mechanisms of Curcumin in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Brain Targeted Delivery. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123332. [PMID: 34208692 PMCID: PMC8234049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AD is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Many different signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, ROS/JNK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR are involved in Alzheimer’s disease and crosstalk between themselves. A promising treatment involves the uses of flavonoids, and one of the most promising is curcumin; however, because it has difficulty permeating the blood–brain barrier (BBB), it must be encapsulated by a drug carrier. Some of the most frequently studied are lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, micelles and PLGA. These carriers are further conjugated with brain-targeting agents such as lactoferrin and transferrin. In this review paper, curcumin and its therapeutic effects, which have been examined in vivo, are analyzed and then the delivery systems to the brain are addressed. Overall, the analysis of the literature revealed great potential for curcumin in treating AD and indicated the challenges that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ege
- Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Rasathane Cd, Kandilli Campus, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
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13
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Chen X, Liang Y. Visual detection of different metal ions based on the tug of war between triangular Au nanoparticles and metal ions against mercaptans. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:227-231. [PMID: 33346752 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01845g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new colorimetric sensor array was developed for the first time, which can rapidly recognize 9 types of metal ions (e.g., Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Fe2+, Se2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+). The colorimetric characteristics of the sensor array were closely related to the oxidation etching of the triangular gold nanoplates (AuNPLs) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the design, two types of thiols (glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys)) as recognition elements were employed to construct the sensor units (AuNPLs/GSH and AuNPLs/Cys) and adjust the etching degrees of AuNPLs in the presence of various metal ions. The differential binding affinities between metal ions and thiols will lead to different degrees of oxidation etching of AuNPLs with hydrogen peroxide, exhibiting characteristic colors, which can be visually distinguished by the naked eye. Thus, the colorimetric sensor array provides a new way for the discrimination of various metal ions, thereby simplifying the water quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Chen
- Medical College of Shaoguan University, No. 108, Xinhua South Road, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province 512026, China
| | - Yong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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14
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Shi CJ, Peng W, Zhao JH, Yang HL, Qu LL, Wang C, Kong LY, Wang XB. Usnic acid derivatives as tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111961. [PMID: 31865017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of tau protein aggregation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Uncontrollable neuroinflammation and tau pathology form a vicious circle that further aggravates AD progression. Herein, we reported the synthesis of usnic acid derivatives and evaluation of their inhibitory activities against tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation. The inhibitory activity of the derivatives against the self-fibrillation of the hexapeptide AcPHF6 was initially screened by ThT fluorescence assay. Using circular dichroism and transmission electron microscopy, compound 30 showed the most potent inhibitory activity against AcPHF6 self-fibrillation. Compound 30 was further confirmed to inhibit the aggregation of full-length 2N4R tau protein by a heparin-induced mechanism. In addition, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 30, and showed that compared with sodium usnate, it reduced NO release in LPS-stimulated mouse microglia BV2 cells. More importantly, 30 showed significant protective effects against okadaic acid-induced memory impairment in rats. Thus, 30 was a novel tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation inhibitor that represented a potential therapeutic candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Jian Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hua-Li Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lai-Liang Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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15
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Kepp KP, Squitti R. Copper imbalance in Alzheimer’s disease: Convergence of the chemistry and the clinic. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Huat TJ, Camats-Perna J, Newcombe EA, Valmas N, Kitazawa M, Medeiros R. Metal Toxicity Links to Alzheimer's Disease and Neuroinflammation. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1843-1868. [PMID: 30664867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the median age of the population increases, the number of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the associated socio-economic burden are predicted to worsen. While aging and inherent genetic predisposition play major roles in the onset of AD, lifestyle, physical fitness, medical condition, and social environment have emerged as relevant disease modifiers. These environmental risk factors can play a key role in accelerating or decelerating disease onset and progression. Among known environmental risk factors, chronic exposure to various metals has become more common among the public as the aggressive pace of anthropogenic activities releases excess amount of metals into the environment. As a result, we are exposed not only to essential metals, such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese, but also to toxic metals including lead, aluminum, and cadmium, which perturb metal homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels. Herein, we review how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity, as well as their roles in the accumulation of toxic AD proteinaceous species (i.e., β-amyloid and tau). We also discuss studies that validate the disruption of immune-related pathways as an important mechanism of toxicity by which metals can contribute to AD. Our goal is to increase the awareness of metals as players in the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tee Jong Huat
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Judith Camats-Perna
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Estella A Newcombe
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas Valmas
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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17
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Lin ZY, Xue SF, Chen ZH, Han XY, Shi G, Zhang M. Bioinspired Copolymers Based Nose/Tongue-Mimic Chemosensor for Label-Free Fluorescent Pattern Discrimination of Metal Ions in Biofluids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8248-8253. [PMID: 29862820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a close correlation between body health and the level of biofluid-derived metal ions, which makes it an attractive model analyte for noninvasive health monitoring. The present work has developed a novel nose/tongue-mimic chemosensor array based on bioinspired polydopamine/polyethylenimine copolymers (PDA/PEI n) for label-free fluorescent determination of metal ions in biofluids. Three types of PDA/PEI n (PDA/PEI6, PDA/PEI18, and PDA/PEI48) were prepared by using different concentrations of PEI to construct the proposed sensor array, which would lead to unique fluorescence response patterns upon challenged with metal ions for their pattern discrimination. The results show that as few as 3 PDA/PEI n sensors can successfully realize the largescale sensitive detection of metal ions in biofluids. Moreover, we have demonstrated that PDA/PEI n sensors are qualified for lifetime-based pattern discrimination application. Furthermore, the sensors can distinguish between different concentrations of metal ions, as well as a mixture of different metal ions in biofluids, even the mixtures with different valence states. The method promises the simple, rapid, sensitive, and powerful discrimination of metal ions in accessible biofluids, showing the potential applications in the diagnosis of metal ion-involved diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Shi-Fan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Zi-Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Xin-Yue Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
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18
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19
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Dorosh L, Stepanova M. Probing oligomerization of amyloid beta peptide in silico. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:165-182. [PMID: 27844078 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00441e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is implicated in fatal Alzheimer's disease, for which no cure is available. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for this aggregation is required in order for therapies to be developed. In an effort to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in spontaneous aggregation of Aβ peptide, extensive molecular dynamics simulations are reported, and the results are analyzed through a combination of structural biology tools and a novel essential collective dynamics method. Several model systems composed of ten or twelve Aβ17-42 chains in water are investigated, and the influence of metal ions is probed. The results suggest that Aβ monomers tend to aggregate into stable globular-like oligomers with 13-23% of β-sheet content. Two stages of oligomer formation have been identified: quick collapse within the first 40 ns of the simulation, characterized by a decrease in inter-chain separation and build-up of β-sheets, and the subsequent slow relaxation of the oligomer structure. The resulting oligomers comprise a stable, coherently moving sub-aggregate of 6-9 strongly inter-correlated chains. Cu2+ and Fe2+ ions have been found to develop coordination bonds with carboxylate groups of E22, D23 and A42, which remain stable during 200 ns simulations. The presence of Fe2+, and particularly Cu2+ ions, in negatively charged cavities has been found to cause significant changes in the structure and dynamics of the oligomers. The results indicate, in particular, that formation of non-fibrillar oligomers might be involved in early template-free aggregation of Aβ17-42 monomers, with charged species such as Cu2+ or Fe2+ ions playing an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dorosh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. and National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Stepanova
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. and National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
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20
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Wang P, Wang ZY. Metal ions influx is a double edged sword for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:265-290. [PMID: 27829171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia in aged people, which is defined by two pathological characteristics: β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the mechanisms of AD development are still being debated, a series of evidence supports the idea that metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium, are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the processes of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are markedly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Moreover, the mechanisms of oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy and apoptosis mediate the effects of metal ions-induced the aggregation state of Aβ and phosphorylated tau on AD development. More importantly, imbalance of these mechanisms finally caused cognitive decline in different experiment models. Collectively, reconstructing the signaling network that regulates AD progression by metal ions may provide novel insights for developing chelators specific for metal ions to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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21
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Ren B, Zhang M, Hu R, Chen H, Wang M, Lin Y, Sun Y, Jia L, Liang G, Zheng J. Identification of a New Function of Cardiovascular Disease Drug 3-Morpholinosydnonimine Hydrochloride as an Amyloid-β Aggregation Inhibitor. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:243-250. [PMID: 30023514 PMCID: PMC6044715 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have a mutual cause-and-effect relationship, and they share some common risk factors. Although numerous Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs have been developed for CVD treatment, no drugs are clinically available for AD treatment. Given the common disease-causing factors and links between the two diseases and the well-demonstrated drugs for CVD, we propose to re-examine the new potential of the existing CVD drugs as amyloid-β (Aβ) inhibitors. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) is an FDA-approved drug for inhibiting platelet aggregation in CVD. Herein, we examine the inhibition activity of SIN-1 on the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ1-42 using combined experimental and computational approaches. Collective experimental data from ThT, circular dichroism, and atomic force microscopy demonstrate that SIN-1 can effectively inhibit amyloid formation at every stage of Aβ aggregation by prolonging lag phase, slowing down aggregation rate, and reducing final fibril formation. The cell viability assay also shows that SIN-1 enables the protection of SH-SY5Y cells from Aβ-induced cell toxicity. Such an inhibition effect is attributed to interference with the structural transition of Aβ toward a β-sheet structure by SIN-1. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulations confirm that SIN-1 preferentially binds to the C-terminal β-sheet grooves of an Aβ oligomer and consequently disrupts the β-sheet structure of Aβ and Aβ-Aβ association, explaining experimental observations. This work discovers a new function of SIN-1, making it a promising compound with dual protective roles in inhibiting both platelet and Aβ aggregations against CVD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Ren
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- School
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian
University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Rundong Hu
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Manli Wang
- Mingyuan
Staff-Worker Hospital of Xinjiang Oil Field Company, 789 Youhao Beilu, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Yufeng Lin
- Mingyuan
Staff-Worker Hospital of Xinjiang Oil Field Company, 789 Youhao Beilu, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering
of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- School
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian
University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guizhao Liang
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Key
Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education,
School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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22
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Challenges in studying the structures of metal-amyloid oligomers related to type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Kepp KP. Alzheimer's disease due to loss of function: A new synthesis of the available data. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 143:36-60. [PMID: 27327400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a highly complex disease involving a broad range of clinical, cellular, and biochemical manifestations that are currently not understood in combination. This has led to many views of AD, e.g. the amyloid, tau, presenilin, oxidative stress, and metal hypotheses. The amyloid hypothesis has dominated the field with its assumption that buildup of pathogenic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide causes disease. This paradigm has been criticized, yet most data suggest that Aβ plays a key role in the disease. Here, a new loss-of-function hypothesis is synthesized that accounts for the anomalies of the amyloid hypothesis, e.g. the curious pathogenicity of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, the loss of Aβ caused by presenilin mutation, the mixed phenotypes of APP mutations, the poor clinical-biochemical correlations for genetic variant carriers, and the failure of Aβ reducing drugs. The amyloid-loss view accounts for recent findings on the structure and chemical features of Aβ variants and their coupling to human patient data. The lost normal function of APP/Aβ is argued to be metal transport across neuronal membranes, a view with no apparent anomalies and substantially more explanatory power than the gain-of-function amyloid hypothesis. In the loss-of-function scenario, the central event of Aβ aggregation is interpreted as a loss of soluble, functional monomer Aβ rather than toxic overload of oligomers. Accordingly, new research models and treatment strategies should focus on remediation of the functional amyloid balance, rather than strict containment of Aβ, which, for reasons rationalized in this review, has failed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Chemistry, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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24
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Min JY, Min KB. Blood cadmium levels and Alzheimer's disease mortality risk in older US adults. Environ Health 2016; 15:69. [PMID: 27301955 PMCID: PMC4908725 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, exhibits potential neurotoxic risk. Although compelling evidence suggests cadmium accumulation has a role in the formation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, the supporting evidence in humans is limited and conflicting. In this study, we investigated the association between blood cadmium levels and AD mortality among older adults by analyzing the prospective data from the 1999-2004 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Linked Mortality File. METHODS The data were obtained from the 1999-2004 NHANES and the NHANES (1999-2004) Linked Mortality File. A total of 4,064 participants aged ≥60 years old with available blood cadmium data and no other missing information on their questionnaires at baseline were included in this study. AD was denoted as G30 based on the ICD-10 underlying causes of death. RESULTS Of the 4,064 participants, 51 subjects died as a result of AD. Compared with participants with low blood cadmium levels (≤0.3 μg/L), those with high cadmium levels (>0.6 μg/L) exhibited a 3.83-fold (hazard ratio = 3.83; 95 % CI = 1.39-10.59) increased risk of AD mortality. In the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for cumulative AD mortality, higher levels of blood cadmium showed marginally significant association with increased mortality at baseline and in patients over 60 years of age (p = 0.0684). CONCLUSIONS We observed a significant association between blood cadmium levels and AD mortality among older adults in the US. Our findings suggest that environmental exposure to cadmium may be a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Min
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Prakash A, Dhaliwal GK, Kumar P, Majeed ABA. Brain biometals and Alzheimer's disease - boon or bane? Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:99-108. [PMID: 27044501 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2016.1174118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the basis of disease onset and progression. A complicated array of molecular events has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. It is attributed to a variety of pathological conditions that share similar critical processes, such as oxidative stress, proteinaceous aggregations, mitochondrial dysfunctions and energy failure. There is increasing evidence suggesting that metal homeostasis is dysregulated in the pathology of AD. Biometals play an important role in the normal body functioning but AD may be mediated or triggered by disproportion of metal ions leading to changes in critical biological systems and initiating a cascade of events finally leading to neurodegeneration and cell death. The link is multifactorial, and although the source of the shift in oxidative homeostasis is still unclear, current evidence points to changes in the balance of redox transition metals, especially iron, copper (Cu) and other trace metals. Their levels in the brain are found to be elevated in AD. In other neurodegenerative disorders, Cu, zinc, aluminum and manganese are involved. This paper is a review of recent advances of the role of metals in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of AD and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Prakash
- a 1 Faculty of Pharmacy , UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam , Selangor DarulEhsan , Malaysia.,b 2 Pharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , India.,c 3 Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Community of Research (CoRe), UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) , Shah Alam , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
| | | | - Puneet Kumar
- b 2 Pharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , India
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- a 1 Faculty of Pharmacy , UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam , Selangor DarulEhsan , Malaysia.,c 3 Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Community of Research (CoRe), UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) , Shah Alam , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
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26
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Zhang X, Liu J, Huang L, Yang X, Petersen RB, Sun Y, Gong H, Zheng L, Huang K. How the imidazole ring modulates amyloid formation of islet amyloid polypeptide: A chemical modification study. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:719-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wineman-Fisher V, Miller Y. Effect of Zn2+ ions on the assembly of amylin oligomers: insight into the molecular mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21590-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High and low concentrations of Zn2+ ions decrease the polymorphism of amylin oligomers and do not affect their cross β-beta structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Wineman-Fisher
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er Sheva 84105
- Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er Sheva 84105
- Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
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28
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Wang Z, Wei X, Yang J, Suo J, Chen J, Liu X, Zhao X. Chronic exposure to aluminum and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2016; 610:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Mehra R, Sodhi RK, Aggarwal N. Memory restorative ability of clioquinol in copper-cholesterol-induced experimental dementia in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1250-1259. [PMID: 25856695 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.974061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Results from various studies indicate that the presence of certain heavy metals such as aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) may enhance the aggregation of Aβ and oxidative stress levels leading to neuronal toxicity and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies also reveal that anomalous brain copper-cholesterol (Cu-Ch) homeostasis may lead to memory deficits in Swiss albino mice. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the anti-amnesic potential of clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol) in cognitive deficits associated with experimental dementia induced by Cu-Ch. MATERIALS AND METHODS Administration of Cu-Ch {0.21 mg/kg, per os - 2% w/v, per os for 8 weeks} was used to induce dementia in Swiss albino mice. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to assess the effect on learning and memory. A battery of biochemical estimations was performed following the MWM test such as brain-reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), acetylcholinestrase (AChE) activity, and serum cholesterol levels. RESULTS Administration of Cu-Ch produced a marked decline in MWM performance measured during the acquisition (78.9 ± 3.3) and retrieval trials (9.5 ± 2.4), reflecting impairment of learning and memory. Cu-Ch-treated mice also exhibited a marked accentuation of AChE activity (5.8 ± 0.55) and TBARS levels (9.74 ± 1.9) along with a decline in the GSH level (15.4 ± 3.3) and the SOD level (26 ± 2.5) when compared with the untreated control group. Administration of clioquinol significantly attenuated Cu-Ch-induced memory deficits and biochemical alterations. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate memory restorative ability of clioquinol which may be attributed to its anti-cholinesterase, antioxidative, and cholesterol-lowering potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Mehra
- Division of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy , Landran, Mohali, Punjab , India
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30
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Guy NC, Garcia YA, Sivils JC, Galigniana MD, Cox MB. Functions of the Hsp90-binding FKBP immunophilins. Subcell Biochem 2015; 78:35-68. [PMID: 25487015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11731-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 functionally interacts with a broad array of client proteins, but in every case examined Hsp90 is accompanied by one or more co-chaperones. One class of co-chaperone contains a tetratricopeptide repeat domain that targets the co-chaperone to the C-terminal region of Hsp90. Within this class are Hsp90-binding peptidylprolyl isomerases, most of which belong to the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family. Despite the common association of FKBP co-chaperones with Hsp90, it is now clear that the client protein influences, and is influenced by, the particular FKBP bound to Hsp90. Examples include Xap2 in aryl hydrocarbon receptor complexes and FKBP52 in steroid receptor complexes. In this chapter, we discuss the known functional roles played by FKBP co-chaperones and, where possible, relate distinctive functions to structural differences between FKBP members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihsuan C Guy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 79968, El Paso, TX, USA,
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31
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Zhao Y, Hill JM, Bhattacharjee S, Percy ME, Pogue AID, Lukiw WJ. Aluminum-induced amyloidogenesis and impairment in the clearance of amyloid peptides from the central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2014; 5:167. [PMID: 25250012 PMCID: PMC4155793 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | - James M Hill
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | - Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | - Maire E Percy
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Surrey Place Centre , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | | | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Alchem Biotech , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA , USA
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Kim DA, Abo-Mosallam HA, Lee HY, Kim GR, Kim HW, Lee HH. Development of a novel aluminum-free glass ionomer cement based on magnesium/strontium-silicate glasses. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:665-71. [PMID: 25063167 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of strontium substitution for magnesium in a novel aluminum-free multicomponent glass composition for glass ionomer cements (GICs) were investigated. A series of glass compositions were prepared based on SiO2-P2O5-CaO-ZnO-MgO(1-X)-SrOX-CaF2 (X=0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75). The mechanical properties of GICs prepared were characterized by compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural modules, and microhardness. Cell proliferation was evaluated indirectly by CCK-8 assay using various dilutions of the cement and rat mesenchyme stem cells. Incorporation of strontium instead of magnesium in the glasses has a significant influence on setting time of the cements and the properties. All mechanical properties of the GICs with SrO substitution at X=0.25 were significantly increased, then gradually decreased with further increase of the amount of strontium substitution in the glass. The GIC at X=0.25, also, showed an improved cell viability at low doses of the cement extracts in comparison with other groups or control without extracts. The results of this study demonstrate that the glass compositions with strontium substitution at low levels can be successfully used to prepare aluminum-free glass ionomer cements for repair and regeneration of hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ae Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hye-Young Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Ri Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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Matera-Witkiewicz A, Kapczyńska K, Stefanowicz P. The interactions of glycated decapeptide, the Amadori product, with copper(II) ions – A possible effect on the oxidative stress induced aggregation? Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Xu L, Wang X, Wang X. Effects of Zn2+ binding on the structural and dynamic properties of amyloid β peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease: Asp1 or Glu11? ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1458-68. [PMID: 23947440 DOI: 10.1021/cn4001445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive experimental and computational studies have suggested that multiple Zn(2+) binding modes in amyloid β (Aβ) peptides could exist simultaneously. However, consistent results have not been obtained for the effects of Zn(2+) binding on Aβ structure, dynamics, and kinetics in particular. Some key questions such as why it is so difficult to distinguish the polymorphic states of metal ions binding to Aβ and what the underlying rationale is, necessitate elucidation. In this work, two 3N1O Zn(2+) binding modes were constructed with three histidines (His(6), His(13), and His(14)), and Asp(1)/Glu(11) of Aβ40 coordinated to Zn(2+). Results from molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the conformational ensembles of different Zn(2+)-Aβ40 complexes are nonoverlapping. The formation of turn structure and, especially, the salt bridge between Glu(22)/Asp(23) and Lys(28) is dependent on specific Zn(2+) binding mode. Agreement with available NMR observations of secondary and tertiary structures could be better achieved if the two simulation results are considered together. The free energy landscape constructed by combining both conformations of Aβ40 indicates that transitions between distinct Aβ40 conformations thar are ready for Zn(2+) binding could be possible in aqueous solution. Markov state model analyses reveal the complex network of conformational space of Aβ40 modeulated by Zn(2+) binding, suggesting various misfolding pathways. The binding free energies evaluated using a combination of quantum mechanics calculations and the MM/3D-RISM method suggest that Glu(11) is the preferred oxygen ligand of Zn(2+). However, such preference is dependent on the relative populations of different conformations with specific Zn(2+) binding modes, and therefore could be shifted when experimental or simulation conditions are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of
Chemistry, ‡State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, §School of
Chemical Machinery, ∥Department of Engineering Mechanics, ⊥State
Key Laboratory of Structural Analyses for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of
Chemistry, ‡State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, §School of
Chemical Machinery, ∥Department of Engineering Mechanics, ⊥State
Key Laboratory of Structural Analyses for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- School of
Chemistry, ‡State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, §School of
Chemical Machinery, ∥Department of Engineering Mechanics, ⊥State
Key Laboratory of Structural Analyses for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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35
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Amyloidosis in Alzheimer's Disease: The Toxicity of Amyloid Beta (A β ), Mechanisms of Its Accumulation and Implications of Medicinal Plants for Therapy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:413808. [PMID: 23762130 PMCID: PMC3671299 DOI: 10.1155/2013/413808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to memory deficits and death. While the number of individuals with AD is rising each year due to the longer life expectancy worldwide, current therapy can only somewhat relieve the symptoms of AD. There is no proven medication to cure or prevent the disease, possibly due to a lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. Most previous studies have accepted the “amyloid hypothesis,” in which the neuropathogenesis of AD is believed to be triggered by the accumulation of the toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the central nervous system (CNS). Lately, knowledge that may be critical to unraveling the hidden pathogenic pathway of AD has been revealed. This review concentrates on the toxicity of Aβ and the mechanism of accumulation of this toxic protein in the brain of individuals with AD and also summarizes recent advances in the study of these accumulation mechanisms together with the role of herbal medicines that could facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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36
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Esue O, Xie AX, Kamerzell TJ, Patapoff TW. Thermodynamic and structural characterization of an antibody gel. MAbs 2013; 5:323-34. [PMID: 23425660 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensively studied, protein-protein interactions remain highly elusive and are of increasing interest in drug development. We show the assembly of a monoclonal antibody, using multivalent carboxylate ions, into highly-ordered structures. While the presence and function of similar structures in vivo are not known, the results may present a possible unexplored area of antibody structure-function relationships. Using a variety of tools (e.g., mechanical rheology, electron microscopy, isothermal calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), we characterized the physical, biochemical, and thermodynamic properties of these structures and found that citrate may interact directly with the amino acid residue histidine, after which the individual protein units assemble into a filamentous network gel exhibiting high elasticity and interfilament interactions. Citrate interacts exothermically with the monoclonal antibody with an association constant that is highly dependent on solution pH and temperature. Secondary structure analysis also reveals involvement of hydrophobic and aromatic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osigwe Esue
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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37
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Jellinger KA. The relevance of metals in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, pathological considerations. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 110:1-47. [PMID: 24209432 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410502-7.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are featured by a variety of pathological conditions that share similar critical processes, such as oxidative stress, free radical activity, proteinaceous aggregations, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and energy failure. They are mediated or triggered by an imbalance of metal ions leading to changes of critical biological systems and initiating a cascade of events finally leading to neurodegeneration and cell death. Their causes are multifactorial, and although the source of the shift in oxidative homeostasis is still unclear, current evidence points to changes in the balance of redox transition metals, especially iron, copper, and other trace metals. They are present at elevated levels in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multisystem atrophy, etc., while in other neurodegenerative disorders, copper, zinc, aluminum, and manganese are involved. This chapter will review the recent advances of the role of metals in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of major neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the use of chelating agents as potential therapies for metal-related disorders.
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Bolognin S, Pasqualetto F, Mucignat-Caretta C, Scancar J, Milacic R, Zambenedetti P, Cozzi B, Zatta P. Effects of a copper-deficient diet on the biochemistry, neural morphology and behavior of aged mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47063. [PMID: 23071712 PMCID: PMC3468563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper dyshomeostasis has been suggested as an aetiological risk factor for some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, the precise mechanism at the base of this involvement is still obscure. In this work, we show the effects of a copper-deficient diet in aged CD1 mice and the influence of such a diet on: a) the concentration of various metal ions (aluminium, copper, iron, calcium, zinc) in the main organs and in different brain areas; b) the alteration of metallothioneins I-II and tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositivity in the brain; c) behavioural tests (open field, pole, predatory aggression, and habituation/dishabituation smell tests). Our data suggested that the copper-deficiency was able to produce a sort of “domino effect” which altered the concentration of the other tested metal ions in the main organs as well as in the brain, without, however, significantly affecting the animal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bolognin
- CNR-Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Metalloproteins Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Pasqualetto
- CNR-Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Metalloproteins Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Janez Scancar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milacic
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Bruno Cozzi
- Department of Experimental Veterinary Science, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
- * E-mail: (PZ); (BC)
| | - Paolo Zatta
- CNR-Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Metalloproteins Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (PZ); (BC)
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39
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Walton JR. Cognitive deterioration and associated pathology induced by chronic low-level aluminum ingestion in a translational rat model provides an explanation of Alzheimer's disease, tests for susceptibility and avenues for treatment. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:914947. [PMID: 22928148 PMCID: PMC3423924 DOI: 10.1155/2012/914947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A translational aging rat model for chronic aluminum (Al) neurotoxicity mimics human Al exposure by ingesting Al, throughout middle age and old age, in equivalent amounts to those ingested by Americans from their food, water, and Al additives. Most rats that consumed Al in an amount equivalent to the high end of the human total dietary Al range developed severe cognitive deterioration in old age. High-stage Al accumulation occurred in the entorhinal cortical cells of origin for the perforant pathway and hippocampal CA1 cells, resulting in microtubule depletion and dendritic dieback. Analogous pathological change in humans leads to destruction of the perforant pathway and Alzheimer's disease dementia. The hippocampus is thereby isolated from neocortical input and output normally mediated by the entorhinal cortex. Additional evidence is presented that Al is involved in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, granulovacuolar degeneration, and other pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The shared characteristics indicate that AD is a human form of chronic Al neurotoxicity. This translational animal model provides fresh strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Walton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Clinical Outcomes Research, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
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40
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Alies B, LaPenna G, Sayen S, Guillon E, Hureau C, Faller P. Insights into the mechanisms of amyloid formation of Zn(II)-Ab11-28: pH-dependent zinc coordination and overall charge as key parameters for kinetics and the structure of Zn(II)-Ab11-28 aggregates. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:7897-902. [PMID: 22765389 DOI: 10.1021/ic300972j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amyloidogenic peptides and their metal complexes are of multiple interest including their association with several neurological diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of metal ions in the aggregation process is of broad interest. We report pH-dependent structural and aggregation studies on Zn(II) binding to the amyloidogenic peptide Ab11-28. The results suggest that coordination of the N-terminal amine to Zn(II) is responsible for the inhibition of amyloid formation and the overall charge for amorphous aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Alies
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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42
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Gatta V, Granzotto A, Fincati K, Drago D, Bolognin S, Zatta P, Sensi SL. Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in human neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ–Zn and Aβ–Cu complexes. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Abnormal metal accumulation is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and plays a relevant role in affecting amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and neurotoxicity. Material & Methods: In the present study, employing a microarray analysis of 35,129 genes, we analyzed gene expression profile changes due to exposure to Aβ1-42 –Zn or Aβ1-42 –Cu complexes in neuronal-like cells (SH-SY5Y). Results: Microarray data indicated that Aβ–Zn or Aβ–Cu complexes selectively alter expression of genes mainly related to cell death, inflammatory responses, cytoprotective mechanisms and apoptosis. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings indicate that Aβ1–42 –Zn or Aβ1–42 –Cu show some commonalities in affecting Alzheimer’s disease-related target functions. The overall modulatory activity on these genes supports the idea of a possible net effect resulting in the activation of pathways that counteract toxic effects of Aβ–Zn or Aβ–Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gatta
- Department of Oral Health & Biotechnological Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Functional Genetics Unit – Center of Excellence in Aging (Ce.S.I.), Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Denise Drago
- CNS Repair Unit – INSPE, Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological & Motor Sciences – Physiology & Psychology Unit, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Zatta
- National Research Council, Biomedical Technology Institute (CNR-ITB), Metalloproteins Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
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43
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Grasso G, Salomone F, Tundo GR, Pappalardo G, Ciaccio C, Spoto G, Pietropaolo A, Coletta M, Rizzarelli E. Metal ions affect insulin-degrading enzyme activity. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:351-8. [PMID: 22819648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin degradation is a finely tuned process that plays a major role in controlling insulin action and most evidence supports IDE (insulin-degrading enzyme) as the primary degradative agent. However, the biomolecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between IDE and its substrates are often obscure, rendering the specific enzyme activity quite difficult to target. On the other hand, biometals, such as copper, aluminum and zinc, have an important role in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or diabetes mellitus. The metabolic disorders connected with the latter lead to some metallostasis alterations in the human body and many studies point at a high level of interdependence between diabetes and several cations. We have previously reported (Grasso et al., Chem. Eur. J. 17 (2011) 2752-2762) that IDE activity toward Aβ peptides can be modulated by metal ions. Here, we have investigated the effects of different metal ions on the IDE proteolytic activity toward insulin as well as a designed peptide comprising a portion of the insulin B chain (B20-30), which has a very low affinity for metal ions. The results obtained by different experimental techniques clearly show that IDE is irreversibly inhibited by copper(I) but is still able to process its substrates when it is bound to copper(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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44
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Xi W, Li W, Wang W. Template induced conformational change of amyloid-β monomer. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7398-405. [PMID: 22670893 DOI: 10.1021/jp300389g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Population of aggregation-prone conformers for the monomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) can dramatically speed up its fibrillar aggregation. In this work, we study the effect of preformed template on the conformational distributions of the monomeric Aβ by replica exchange molecular dynamics. Our results show that the template consisting of Aβ peptides with cross-β structure can induce the formation of β-rich conformations for the monomeric Aβ, which is the key feature of the aggregation-prone conformers. Similar effect is observed when the hIAPP peptides and poly alanine peptides were used as templates, suggesting that the template effect is insensitive to the sequence details of the template peptides. In comparison, the template with helical structure has no significant effects on the β-propensity of the monomeric Aβ. Analysis to the interaction details revealed that the template tends to disrupt the intrapeptide interactions of the monomeric Aβ, which are absent in the fibrillar state, suggesting that the preformed template can reorganize the intrapeptide interactions of the monomeric Aβ during the capturing stage and reduce the energy frustrations for the fibrillar aggregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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45
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Environmental factors preceding aβ40 monomer to oligomers and the detection of oligomers in Alzheimer's disease patient serum. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2012; 2012:206520. [PMID: 22523657 PMCID: PMC3306785 DOI: 10.1155/2012/206520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present here environmental factors including pH shifts, temperature, and metal ions surrounding Aβ40 monomer to precede the oligomers. We also suggest a new idea to detect Aβ40 oligomers with anti-Aβ40 monoclonal antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This method involves the different sensitivity of the thermal shifts between Aβ40 monomer and the oligomers. The idea is useful for the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease to detect Aβ40 oligomers in the serum from the patients.
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46
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Structural characterization of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ binding sites of model peptides associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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47
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Kim K, Ha Y, Kaufman L, Churchill DG. Labile zinc-assisted biological phosphate chemosensing and related molecular logic gating interpretations. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:928-38. [PMID: 22201447 DOI: 10.1021/ic201948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, molecular fluorescence 'OFF-ON' behavior with aqueous addition of biological phosphate and Zn(2+) is studied with Zn(2)(slys)(2)Cl(2) [H(2)slys = 6-amino-2-{(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino}hexanoic acid], a fluorescent water-soluble complex, using various spectroscopic tools (e.g., (31)P NMR, UV-vis, emission, and CD spectroscopy) at the micromolar level. Adduct-dependent fluorescence intensity changes can be interpreted as a two-input (cation/anion) implication molecular logic gating system. A displacement study of PPi from the dizinc complex is also reported. Diphosphate and triphosphate addition/displacements were also studied. (31)P NMR spectroscopy shows gradual NMR peak shifts from bound ADP/GDP to free ADP/GDP with increasing [PPi]. In the emission spectrum, fluorescence quenching is shown: CD signal maxima decrease with addition of PPi. These displacement events are also tested with triphosphates (ATP, GTP), and their binding strength/displacement ability over ADP/GDP is quantified: PPi > ATP ≈ GTP (3.35 ± 0.77 × 10(4) M(-1) for PPi, 7.73 ± 1.79 × 10(3) M(-1) for ATP, 9.21 ± 2.88 × 10(3) M(-1) for GTP over 1·ADP). Many anions and cations were also screened for selectivity. Tubulin polymerization was assayed in the presence of 1 and its copper analogue which reflected a slight inhibition in polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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48
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Alies B, Solari PL, Hureau C, Faller P. Dynamics of ZnII Binding as a Key Feature in the Formation of Amyloid Fibrils by Aβ11-28. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:701-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202247m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Alies
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination
(LCC), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077
Toulouse, France
- LCC, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Pier-Lorenzo Solari
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des merisiers BP48, Saint-Aubin, F-91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Hureau
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination
(LCC), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077
Toulouse, France
- LCC, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Faller
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination
(LCC), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077
Toulouse, France
- LCC, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
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49
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Cannon JR, Greenamyre JT. The role of environmental exposures in neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:225-50. [PMID: 21914720 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration describes the loss of neuronal structure and function. Numerous neurodegenerative diseases are associated with neurodegeneration. Many are rare and stem from purely genetic causes. However, the prevalence of major neurodegenerative diseases is increasing with improvements in treating major diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases, resulting in an aging population. The neurological consequences of neurodegeneration in patients can have devastating effects on mental and physical functioning. The causes of most cases of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases are unknown. The role of neurotoxicant exposures in neurodegenerative disease has long been suspected, with much effort devoted to identifying causative agents. However, causative factors for a significant number of cases have yet to be identified. In this review, the role of environmental neurotoxicant exposures on neurodegeneration in selected major neurodegenerative diseases is discussed. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were chosen because of available data on environmental influences. The special sensitivity the nervous system exhibits to toxicant exposure and unifying mechanisms of neurodegeneration are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Cannon
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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50
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Stogov SV, Muronets VI, Izumrudov VA. Basic guidelines for the selection of polyelectrolytes that can effectively prevent thermal aggregation of enzymes without any substantial loss in their catalytic activity1. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238211030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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