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St-Cyr DJ, García-Ramos Y, Doan ND, Lubell WD. Aminolactam, N-Aminoimidazolone, and N-Aminoimdazolidinone Peptide Mimics. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2017_204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang HH, Portincasa P, Wang DQH. The cholecystokinin-1 receptor antagonist devazepide increases cholesterol cholelithogenesis in mice. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:158-69. [PMID: 26683129 PMCID: PMC6037422 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A defect in gallbladder contraction function plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gallstones. The cholecystokinin-1 receptor (CCK-1R) antagonists have been extensively investigated for their therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases in animal studies and clinical trials. However, it is still unknown whether they have a potential effect on gallstone formation. DESIGN To study whether the CCK-1R antagonists enhance cholelithogenesis, we investigated cholesterol crystallization, gallstone formation, hepatic lipid secretion, gallbladder emptying function and intestinal cholesterol absorption in male C57BL/6J mice treated by gavage with devazepide (4 mg/day/kg) or vehicle (as controls) twice per day and fed the lithogenic diet for 21 days. RESULTS During 21 days of feeding, oral administration of devazepide significantly accelerated cholesterol crystallization and crystal growth to microlithiasis, with 40% of mice forming gallstones, whereas only agglomerated cholesterol monohydrate crystals were found in mice receiving vehicle. Compared to the vehicle group, fasting and postprandial residual gallbladder volumes in response to the high-fat meal were significantly larger in the devazepide group during cholelithogenesis, showing reduced gallbladder emptying and bile stasis. Moreover, devazepide significantly increased hepatic secretion of biliary cholesterol, but not phospholipids or bile salts. The percentage of intestinal cholesterol absorption was higher in devazepide-treated mice, increasing the bioavailability of chylomicron-derived cholesterol in the liver for biliary hypersecretion into bile. These abnormalities induced supersaturated bile and rapid cholesterol crystallization. CONCLUSIONS The potent CCK-1R antagonist devazepide increases susceptibility to gallstone formation by impairing gallbladder emptying function, disrupting biliary cholesterol metabolism and enhancing intestinal cholesterol absorption in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Pavan MV, Lassiani L, Berti F, Stefancich G, Ciogli A, Gasparrini F, Mennuni L, Ferrari F, Escrieut C, Marco E, Makovec F, Fourmy D, Varnavas A. New Anthranilic Acid Based Antagonists with High Affinity and Selectivity for the Human Cholecystokinin Receptor 1 (hCCK1-R). J Med Chem 2011; 54:5769-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela V. Pavan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Lassiani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Berti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stefancich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Substances, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Substances, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mennuni
- Rottapharm—Madaus SpA, Via Valosa di Sopra 7, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Flora Ferrari
- Rottapharm—Madaus SpA, Via Valosa di Sopra 7, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Chantal Escrieut
- Université de Toulouse 3, EA 4552, I2MC, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Esther Marco
- Université de Toulouse 3, EA 4552, I2MC, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Daniel Fourmy
- Université de Toulouse 3, EA 4552, I2MC, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Antonio Varnavas
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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4
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Cawston EE, Miller LJ. Therapeutic potential for novel drugs targeting the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 159:1009-21. [PMID: 19922535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a physiologically important gastrointestinal and neuronal peptide hormone, with roles in stimulating gallbladder contraction, pancreatic secretion, gastrointestinal motility and satiety. CCK exerts its effects via interactions with two structurally related class I guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the CCK(1) receptor and the CCK(2) receptor. Here, we focus on the CCK(1) receptor, with particular relevance to the broad spectrum of signalling initiated by activation with the natural full agonist peptide ligand, CCK. Distinct ligand-binding pockets have been defined for the natural peptide ligand and for some non-peptidyl small molecule ligands. While many CCK(1) receptor ligands have been developed and have had their pharmacology well described, their clinical potential has not yet been fully explored. The case is built for the potential importance of developing more selective partial agonists and allosteric modulators of this receptor that could have important roles in the treatment of common clinical syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Cawston
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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5
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Pippel M, Allison BD, Phuong VK, Li L, Morton MF, Prendergast C, Wu X, Shankley NP, Rabinowitz MH. Anthranilic sulfonamide CCK1/CCK2 dual receptor antagonists I: Discovery of CCKR1 selectivity in a previously CCKR2-selective lead series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6373-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Akgün E, Körner M, Gao F, Harkumar KG, Waser B, Reubi JC, Portoghese PS, Miller LJ. Synthesis and in vitro characterization of radioiodinatable benzodiazepines selective for type 1 and type 2 cholecystokinin receptors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2138-47. [PMID: 19271701 PMCID: PMC2666544 DOI: 10.1021/jm801439x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabeled antagonists of specific peptide receptors identify a higher number of receptor binding sites than agonists and may thus be preferable for in vivo tumor targeting. In this study, two novel radioiodinated 1,4-benzodiazepines, (S)-1-(3-iodophenyl)-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)urea (9) and (R)-1-(3-iodophenyl)-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)urea (7), were developed. They were characterized in vitro as high affinity selective antagonists at cholecystokinin types 1 and 2 (CCK(1) and CCK(2)) receptors using receptor binding, calcium mobilization, and internalization studies. Their binding to human tumor tissues was assessed with in vitro receptor autoradiography and compared with an established peptidic CCK agonist radioligand. The (125)I-labeled CCK(1) receptor-selective compound 9 often revealed a substantially higher amount of CCK(1) receptor binding sites in tumors than the agonist (125)I-CCK. Conversely, the radioiodinated CCK(2) receptor-selective compound 7 showed generally weaker tumor binding than (125)I-CCK. In conclusion, compound 9 is an excellent radioiodinated nonpeptidic antagonist ligand for direct and selective labeling of CCK(1) receptors in vitro. Moreover, it represents a suitable candidate to test antagonist binding to CCK(1) receptor-expressing tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Akgün
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Meike Körner
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Fan Gao
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Kaleeckal G. Harkumar
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Beatrice Waser
- Institute of Pathology of the University of Berne, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, 3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Claude Reubi
- Institute of Pathology of the University of Berne, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, 3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Philip S. Portoghese
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
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7
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Lassiani L, Pavan MV, Berti F, Kokotos G, Markidis T, Mennuni L, Makovec F, Varnavas A. Anthranilic acid based CCK1 receptor antagonists: Blocking the receptor with the same ‘words’ of the endogenous ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2336-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Kuethe JT, Childers KG, Humphrey GR, Journet M, Peng Z. A Rapid, Large-Scale Synthesis of a Potent Cholecystokinin (CCK) 1R Receptor Agonist. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op800176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T. Kuethe
- Department of Process Research, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Karla G. Childers
- Department of Process Research, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Guy R. Humphrey
- Department of Process Research, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Michel Journet
- Department of Process Research, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Zhihui Peng
- Department of Process Research, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
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9
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Berger R, Zhu C, Hansen AR, Harper B, Chen Z, Holt TG, Hubert J, Lee SJ, Pan J, Qian S, Reitman ML, Strack AM, Weingarth DT, Wolff M, Macneil DJ, Weber AE, Edmondson SD. 2-Substituted piperazine-derived imidazole carboxamides as potent and selective CCK1R agonists for the treatment of obesity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4833-7. [PMID: 18684621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and structure-activity relationship of 1,2-diarylimidazole piperazine carboxamides bearing polar side chains as potent and selective cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) agonists are described. Optimization of this series resulted in the discovery of isopropyl carboxamide 40, a CCK1R agonist with sub-nanomolar functional and binding activity as well as excellent potency in a mouse overnight food intake reduction assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Berger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA
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10
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Zhu C, Hansen AR, Bateman T, Chen Z, Holt TG, Hubert JA, Karanam BV, Lee SJ, Pan J, Qian S, Reddy VBG, Reitman ML, Strack AM, Tong V, Weingarth DT, Wolff MS, MacNeil DJ, Weber AE, Duffy JL, Edmondson SD. Discovery of imidazole carboxamides as potent and selective CCK1R agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4393-6. [PMID: 18614364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening revealed diaryl pyrazole 3 as a selective albeit modest cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) agonist. SAR studies led to the discovery and optimization of a novel class of 1,2-diaryl imidazole carboxamides. Compound 44, which was profiled extensively, showed good in vivo mouse gallbladder emptying (mGBE) and lean mouse overnight food intake (ONFI) reduction activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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11
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Exploring the binding pocket for pyridopyrimidine ligands at the CCK1 receptor by molecular docking. J Mol Model 2008; 14:303-14. [PMID: 18286312 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyridopyrimidine-based analogues are among the most highly potent and selective antagonists of cholecystokinin receptor subtype-1 (CCK1R) described to date. To better understand the structural and chemical features responsible for the recognition mechanism, and to explore the binding pocket of these compounds, we performed automated molecular docking using GOLD2.2 software on some derivatives with structural diversity, and propose a putative binding conformation for each compound. The docking protocol was guided by the key role of the Asn333 residue, as revealed by site directed mutagenesis studies. The results suggest two putative binding modes located in the same pocket. Both are characterized by interaction with the main residues revealed by experiment, Asn333 and Arg336, and differ in the spatial position of the Boc-Trp moiety of these compounds. Hydrophobic contacts with residues Thr117, Phe107, Ile352 and Ile329 are also in agreement with experimental data. Despite the poor correlation obtained between the estimated binding energies and the experimental activity, the proposed models allow us to suggest a plausible explanation of the observed binding data in accordance with chemical characteristics of the compounds, and also to explain the observed diastereoselectivity of this family of antagonists towards CCK1R. The most reasonable selected binding conformations could be the starting point for future studies. Figure Superimposition of the two putative binding conformations revealed by molecular docking for pyridopyrimidine-based CCK1 antagonists.
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12
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Progress in developing cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin receptor ligands that have therapeutic potential. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2007; 7:583-92. [PMID: 17997137 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are two of the oldest hormones and within the past 15 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge of their pharmacology, cell biology, receptors (CCK1R and CCK2R), and roles in physiology and pathological conditions. Despite these advances there is no approved disease indication for CCK receptor antagonists and only a minor use of agonists. In this review, the important factors determining this slow therapeutic development are reviewed. To assess this it is necessary to briefly review what is known about the roles of CCK receptors (CCK1R and CCK2R) in normal human physiology, their role in pathologic conditions, the selectivity of available potent CCKR agonists/antagonists as well as to review their use in human conditions to date and the results. Despite extensive studies in animals and in humans, recent studies suggest that monotherapy with CCK1R agonists will not be effective in obesity, nor CCK2R antagonists in panic disorders or CCK2R antagonists to inhibit growth of pancreatic cancer. Areas that require more study include the use of CCK2R agonists for imaging tumors and radiotherapy, CCK2R antagonists in hypergastrinemic states especially with long-term PPI use and for potentiation of analgesia as well as use of CCK1R antagonists for a number of gastrointestinal disorders [motility disorders (irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, and constipation) and pancreatitis (acute and chronic)].
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