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Wang HH, Patil DT, Paulson TG, Grady WM, Odze RD. Significance of Crypt Atypia in Barrett's Esophagus: A Clinical, Molecular, and Outcome Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:741-748.e2. [PMID: 37879518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The aim of this study was to characterize baseline morphologic features of crypts in nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus and correlate them with DNA content abnormalities and risk of progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). METHODS The morphologic features of nondysplastic crypts in baseline biopsy specimens from 212 BE patients (2956 biopsy specimens) were graded histologically using a 4-point scale (crypt atypia levels, 0-3). DNA content abnormalities were detected using flow cytometry. RESULTS In patients who had dysplasia in their baseline biopsy specimens, dysplasia was associated significantly with increasing grades of crypt atypia in the background nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (P < .001). In a subset of patients without dysplasia at baseline (N = 149), a higher grade of crypt atypia was associated with longer Barrett's esophagus segment length (5.5 vs 3.3 cm; P = .0095), and a higher percentage of cells with 4N DNA content (3.67 ± 1.27 vs 2.93 ± 1.22; P = .018). Crypt atypia was associated with the development of any neoplasia (low-grade dysplasia and HGD/EAC). Although no significant association was noted between the grade of crypt atypia and increased 4N, aneuploidy, or progression to HGD/EAC, only patients with grade 2 or 3 crypt atypia showed increased 4N, aneuploidy, or progression to HGD/EAC. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Barrett's esophagus likely develop dysplasia via a progressive increase in the level of crypt atypia before the onset of dysplasia, and these changes may reflect some alteration of DNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepa T Patil
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Thomas G Paulson
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - William M Grady
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert D Odze
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, Axikegu, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Bian W, Bukevich AV, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen AM, Chen ES, Chen HX, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen S, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui MY, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang JH, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng H, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng Y, Feng YL, Gabici S, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Giacinti G, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, Hasan M, He HH, He HN, He JY, He Y, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Karpikov I, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li CM, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li SD, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu DB, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Luo Q, Luo Y, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Mu HJ, Nan YC, Neronov A, Ou LJ, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi JC, Qi MY, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Raza A, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Saeed M, Semikoz D, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shu FW, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun DX, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Takata J, Tam PHT, Tang QW, Tang R, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang K, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu QW, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong DR, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xu WL, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang CY, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang WX, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zha M, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zhao XH, Zheng F, Zhong WJ, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou M, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhou XX, Zhu BY, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zou YC, Zuo X. Measurements of All-Particle Energy Spectrum and Mean Logarithmic Mass of Cosmic Rays from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:131002. [PMID: 38613275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurements of all-particle energy spectrum and mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays in the energy range of 0.3-30 PeV using data collected from LHAASO-KM2A between September 2021 and December 2022, which is based on a nearly composition-independent energy reconstruction method, achieving unprecedented accuracy. Our analysis reveals the position of the knee at 3.67±0.05±0.15 PeV. Below the knee, the spectral index is found to be -2.7413±0.0004±0.0050, while above the knee, it is -3.128±0.005±0.027, with the sharpness of the transition measured with a statistical error of 2%. The mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays is almost heavier than helium in the whole measured energy range. It decreases from 1.7 at 0.3 PeV to 1.3 at 3 PeV, representing a 24% decline following a power law with an index of -0.1200±0.0003±0.0341. This is equivalent to an increase in abundance of light components. Above the knee, the mean logarithmic mass exhibits a power law trend towards heavier components, which is reversal to the behavior observed in the all-particle energy spectrum. Additionally, the knee position and the change in power-law index are approximately the same. These findings suggest that the knee observed in the all-particle spectrum corresponds to the knee of the light component, rather than the medium-heavy components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axikegu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Bian
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - A V Bukevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Q Cao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - W Y Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - A M Chen
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - E S Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H X Chen
- Research Center for Astronomical Computing, Zhejiang Laboratory, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - S H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - N Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - X H Cui
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Z G Dai
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danzengluobu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - X Q Dong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K K Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J H Fang
- Research Center for Astronomical Computing, Zhejiang Laboratory, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - K Fang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X T Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y Feng
- Research Center for Astronomical Computing, Zhejiang Laboratory, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - S Gabici
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - W Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W K Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L S Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G Giacinti
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q B Gou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M H Gu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - F L Guo
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - M Hasan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H H He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Y He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B W Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S C Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Q Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Jia
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - X W Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Kang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - I Karpikov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Kurinov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - C M Li
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H B Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S D Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W L Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - X R Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y F Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D B Liu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S M Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q Luo
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Luo
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - H K Lv
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J R Mao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z Min
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - H J Mu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Y C Nan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - A Neronov
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - L J Ou
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J J Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - A Raza
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - M Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Semikoz
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - X D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F W Shu
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science and Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yu V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Su
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D X Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X N Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z B Sun
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - J Takata
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q W Tang
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science and Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - R Tang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Z B Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - W W Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - C B Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G W Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H H Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - L P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X G Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H R Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q W Wu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y S Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Q Xi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - G M Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D X Xiao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xing
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D R Xiong
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - R F Xu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - W L Xu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D H Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J Z Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Yan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Y Yang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - F Yang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - F F Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W X Yang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y H Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Q Yin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X H You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Y You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y H Yu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Yue
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T X Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Zha
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S B Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X H Zhao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - F Zheng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - W J Zhong
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J N Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhou
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science and Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Y Zhu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Y C Zou
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - X Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yi SH, Xiong WJ, Cao XX, Sun CY, Du J, Wang HH, Wang L, Niu T, Jiang ZX, Wei YQ, Xue H, Chu HL, Qiu LG, Li J. [Diagnosis and treatment understanding of Waldenström macroglobulinemia in China: a cross-sectional study]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:148-155. [PMID: 38604791 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20231017-00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To conduct a nationwide physician survey to better understand clinicians' disease awareness, treatment patterns, and experience of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) in China. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022 by recruiting clinicians with WM treatment experience from hematology, hematology-oncology, and oncology departments throughout China. Quantitative surveys were designed based on the qualitative interviews. Results: The study included 415 clinicians from 219 hospitals spread across thirty-three cities and twenty-two provinces. As for diagnosis, the laboratory tests prescribed by physicians for suspected WM patients were relatively consistent (92% -99% recommendation for laboratory, 79% -95% recommendation for pathology, 96% recommendation for gene testing, and 63% -83% recommendation for imaging examination). However, from a physician's perspective, there was 22% misdiagnosis occurred in clinical practice. The rate of misdiagnosis was higher in lower-level hospitals than in tertiary grade A hospitals (29% vs 21%, P<0.001). The main reasons for misdiagnosis were that WM was easily confused with other diseases, and physicians lacked the necessary knowledge to make an accurate diagnosis. In terms of gene testing in clinical practice, 96% of participating physicians believed that WM patients would require gene testing for MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations because the results of gene testing would aid in confirming diagnosis and treatment options. In terms of treatment, 55% of physicians thought that the most important goal was to achieve remission, while 54% and 51% of physicians wanted to improve laboratory and/or examination results and extend overall survival time, respectively. Among patients with treatment indications, physicians estimated that approximately 21% of them refused to receive treatment, mainly owing to a lack of affordable care and disease awareness. When selecting the most appropriate treatment regimens, physicians would consider patient affordability (63% ), comorbidity (61% ), and risk level (54% ). Regimens containing Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) were most widely recommended for both treatment-naïve and relapsed/refractory patients (94% for all patients, 95% for treatment-naïve patients, and 75% for relapsed/refractory patients), and most physicians recommended Ibrutinib (84% ). For those patients who received treatment, physicians reported that approximately 23% of patients did not comply with the treatment regimen due to a lack of affordability and disease awareness. Furthermore, 66% of physicians believe that in the future, increasing disease awareness and improving diagnosis rates is critical. Conclusions: This study is the first national physician survey of WM conducted in China. It systematically describes the issues that exist in WM diagnosis and treatment in China, such as a high rate of misdiagnosis, limited access to gene testing and new drugs, and poor patient adherence to treatment. Chinese doctors believe that improving doctors' and patients' understanding of WM is one of the most urgent issues that must be addressed right now.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - W J Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - X X Cao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - C Y Sun
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - J Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - H H Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - L Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - T Niu
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Z X Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Y Q Wei
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - H Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071030, China
| | - H L Chu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - L G Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - J Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Wang HH, Steffens EN, Kats-Ugurlu G, van Etten B, Burgerhof JGM, Hospers GAP, Plukker JTM. ASO Author Reflections: A Systematic Review on Predictive Immune and Metabolic Biomarkers to Predict Clinical and Pathological Response in Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:452-453. [PMID: 37907700 PMCID: PMC10695881 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E N Steffens
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Kats-Ugurlu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B van Etten
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J G M Burgerhof
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J T M Plukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Wang HH, Steffens EN, Kats-Ugurlu G, van Etten B, Burgerhof JGM, Hospers GAP, Plukker JTM. Potential Predictive Immune and Metabolic Biomarkers of Tumor Microenvironment Regarding Pathological and Clinical Response in Esophageal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:433-451. [PMID: 37777688 PMCID: PMC10695872 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in therapy response and modulation of immunologic surveillance. Adjuvant immunotherapy has recently been introduced in post-surgery treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer (EC) with residual pathological disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) remains a valuable imaging tool to assess therapy response and to visualize metabolic TME; however, there is still a paucity in understanding the interaction between the TME and nCRT response. This systematic review investigated the potential of TME biomarkers and 18F-FDG-PET/CT features to predict pathological and clinical response (CR) after nCRT in EC. METHODS A literature search of the Medline and Embase electronic databases identified 4190 studies. Studies regarding immune and metabolic TME biomarkers and 18F-FDG-PET/CT features were included for predicting pathological response (PR) and/or CR after nCRT. Separate analyses were performed for 18F-FDG-PET/CT markers and these TME biomarkers. RESULTS The final analysis included 21 studies-10 about immune and metabolic markers alone and 11 with additional 18F-FDG-PET/CT features. High CD8 infiltration before and after nCRT, and CD3 and CD4 infiltration after nCRT, generally correlated with better PR. A high expression of tumoral or stromal programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) after nCRT was generally associated with poor PR. Moreover, total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of the primary tumor were potentially predictive for clinical and PR. CONCLUSION CD8, CD4, CD3, and PD-L1 are promising immune markers in predicting PR, whereas TLG and MTV are potential 18F-FDG-PET/CT features to predict clinical and PR after nCRT in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E N Steffens
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Kats-Ugurlu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B van Etten
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J G M Burgerhof
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J T M Plukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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6
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Axikegu, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai JT, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen AM, Chen ES, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui MY, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng YL, Gabici S, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Giacinti G, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JY, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Lu R, Luo Q, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Mu HJ, Nan YC, Neronov A, Ou ZW, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Semikoz D, Shao CY, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shu FW, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang QW, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xu WL, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang HW, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zha M, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou M, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Measurement of Ultra-High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission of the Galactic Plane from 10 TeV to 1 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:151001. [PMID: 37897763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The diffuse Galactic γ-ray emission, mainly produced via interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a very important probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. In this Letter, we report the measurements of diffuse γ rays from the Galactic plane between 10 TeV and 1 PeV energies, with the square kilometer array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Diffuse emissions from the inner (15°10 TeV). The energy spectrum in the inner Galaxy regions can be described by a power-law function with an index of -2.99±0.04, which is different from the curved spectrum as expected from hadronic interactions between locally measured cosmic rays and the line-of-sight integrated gas content. Furthermore, the measured flux is higher by a factor of ∼3 than the prediction. A similar spectrum with an index of -2.99±0.07 is found in the outer Galaxy region, and the absolute flux for 10≲E≲60 TeV is again higher than the prediction for hadronic cosmic ray interactions. The latitude distributions of the diffuse emission are consistent with the gas distribution, while the longitude distributions show clear deviation from the gas distribution. The LHAASO measurements imply that either additional emission sources exist or cosmic ray intensities have spatial variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Axikegu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J T Cai
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Cao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - W Y Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - A M Chen
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - E S Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - N Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - X H Cui
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Z G Dai
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danzengluobu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - D Della Volpe
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - X Q Dong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K K Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - K Fang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X T Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - S Gabici
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - W Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W K Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L S Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G Giacinti
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q B Gou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M H Gu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - F L Guo
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - H H He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Y He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X B He
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Heller
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B W Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S C Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Q Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z C Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Jia
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - K Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X W Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Kang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Ke
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Kurinov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - H B Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W L Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - X R Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y F Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S M Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - R Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Luo
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H K Lv
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J R Mao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z Min
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - H J Mu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Y C Nan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - A Neronov
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - Z W Ou
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Y Pang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M Y Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Qi
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - B Q Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J J Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - D Semikoz
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - C Y Shao
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - X D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F W Shu
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yu V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Su
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z B Sun
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q W Tang
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Z B Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W W Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - C B Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G W Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H H Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - K Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L P Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X G Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H R Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y S Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Q Xi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G M Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D X Xiao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G G Xin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xing
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Z Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - R F Xu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - W L Xu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D H Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J Z Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Yan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Yang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - F F Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - H W Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S B Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Y H Yao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y M Ye
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - L Q Yin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X H You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Y You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y H Yu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Yue
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T X Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Zha
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S B Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F Zheng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J N Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhou
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - X Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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7
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Harpaz N, Goldblum JR, Shepherd NA, Riddell RH, Rubio CA, Vieth M, Wang HH, Odze RD. Colorectal dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel disease: a contemporary consensus classification and interobserver study. Hum Pathol 2023; 138:49-61. [PMID: 37247824 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The clinical management of patients with dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently guided by Riddell et al.'s grading system (negative, indefinite, low grade, high grade) from 1983 which was based primarily on nuclear cytoarchitectural characteristics. Although most dysplasia in IBD resembles sporadic adenomas morphologically, other distinctive potential cancer precursors in IBD have been described over time. Recognizing the need for a updated comprehensive classification for IBD-associated dysplasia, an international working group of pathologists with extensive clinical and research experience in IBD devised a new classification system and assessed its reproducibility by having each participant assess test cases selected randomly from a repository of electronic images of potential cancer precursor lesions. The new classification system now encompasses three broad categories and nine sub-categories: 1) intestinal dysplasia (tubular/villous adenoma-like, goblet cell deficient, crypt cell, traditional serrated adenoma-like, sessile serrated lesion-like and serrated NOS), 2) gastric dysplasia (tubular/villous and serrated), and 3) mixed intestinal-gastric dysplasia. In the interobserver analysis, 67% of the diagnoses were considered definitive and achieved substantial inter-rater agreement. The key distinctions between intestinal and gastric lesions and between serrated and non-serrated lesions achieved substantial and moderate inter-rater agreement overall, respectively, however, the distinctions among certain serrated sub-categories achieved only fair agreement. Based on the Riddell grading system, definite dysplasia accounted for 86% of the collective responses (75% low grade, 11% high grade). Based on these results, this new classification of dysplasia in IBD can provide a sound foundation for future clinical and basic IBD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Harpaz
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - John R Goldblum
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Neil A Shepherd
- Gloucestershire Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Gloucester, GL53 7AN, UK.
| | - Robert H Riddell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Carlos A Rubio
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden.
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Bayreuth Clinic, Bayreuth, 95445, Germany.
| | - Helen H Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Robert D Odze
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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8
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai JT, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen ES, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng HL, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JY, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Long WJ, Lu R, Luo Q, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Nan YC, Ou ZW, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Shao CY, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang HW, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhang B, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng JH, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. A tera-electron volt afterglow from a narrow jet in an extremely bright gamma-ray burst. Science 2023:eadg9328. [PMID: 37289911 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have a tera-electron volt (TeV) afterglow, but the early onset of this has not been observed. We report observations with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory of the bright GRB 221009A, which serendipitously occurred within the instrument field of view. More than 64,000 photons >0.2 TeV were detected within the first 3000 seconds. The TeV flux began several minutes after the GRB trigger, then rose to a peak about 10 seconds later. This was followed by a decay phase, which became more rapid ~650 seconds after the peak. We interpret the emission using a model of a relativistic jet with half-opening angle ~0.8°. This is consistent with the core of a structured jet and could explain the high isotropic energy of this GRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L X Bai
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J T Cai
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Cao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - W Y Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - E S Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - H L Cheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - N Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - X H Cui
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Z G Dai
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - D Della Volpe
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - X Q Dong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K K Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - K Fang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X T Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - W Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W K Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L S Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q B Gou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M H Gu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - F L Guo
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - H H He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Y He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X B He
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Heller
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B W Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S C Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Q Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z C Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Jia
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - K Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X W Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Kang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Ke
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Kurinov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H B Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W L Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - X R Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y F Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J S Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - S M Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - W J Long
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Luo
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H K Lv
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J R Mao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z Min
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Y C Nan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z W Ou
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Y Pang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M Y Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Qi
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - B Q Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J J Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Y Shao
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - X D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Y V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Su
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z B Sun
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z B Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W W Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - C B Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G W Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H H Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J S Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - K Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - L P Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X G Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H R Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y S Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Q Xi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G M Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D X Xiao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G G Xin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xing
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Z Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - R F Xu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D H Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J Z Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Yan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Yang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - F F Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H W Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S B Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Y H Yao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y M Ye
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - L Q Yin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X H You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Y You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y H Yu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Yue
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T X Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z K Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Zha
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhang
- Nevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S B Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - X P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F Zheng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - J H Zheng
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J N Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - X Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Liang M, Zhao SJ, Zhou LN, Xu XJ, Wang YW, Niu L, Wang HH, Tang W, Wu N. [The performance of digital chest radiographs in the detection and diagnosis of pulmonary nodules and the consistency among readers]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2023; 45:265-272. [PMID: 36944548 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20220304-00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the detection and diagnostic efficacy of chest radiographs for ≤30 mm pulmonary nodules and the factors affecting them, and to compare the level of consistency among readers. Methods: A total of 43 patients with asymptomatic pulmonary nodules who consulted in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2012 to 2014 and had chest CT and X-ray chest radiographs during the same period were retrospectively selected, and one nodule ≤30 mm was visible on chest CT images in the whole group (total 43 nodules in the whole group). One senior radiologist with more than 20 years of experience in imaging diagnosis reviewed CT images and recording the size, morphology, location, and density of nodules was selected retrospectively. Six radiologists with different levels of experience (2 residents, 2 attending physicians and 2 associate chief physicians independently reviewed the chest images and recorded the time of review, nodule detection, and diagnostic opinion. The CT imaging characteristics of detected and undetected nodules on X images were compared, and the factors affecting the detection of nodules on X-ray images were analyzed. Detection sensitivity and diagnosis accuracy rate of 6 radiologists were calculated, and the level of consistency among them was compared to analyze the influence of radiologists' seniority and reading time on the diagnosis results. Results: The number of nodules detected by all 6 radiologists was 17, with a sensitivity of detection of 39.5%(17/43). The number of nodules detected by ≥5, ≥4, ≥3, ≥2, and ≥1 physicians was 20, 21, 23, 25, and 28 nodules, respectively, with detection sensitivities of 46.5%, 48.8%, 53.5%, 58.1%, and 65.1%, respectively. Reasons for false-negative result of detection on X-ray images included the size, location, density, and morphology of the nodule. The sensitivity of detecting ≤30 mm, ≤20 mm, ≤15 mm, and ≤10 mm nodules was 46.5%-58.1%, 45.9%-54.1%, 36.0%-44.0%, and 36.4% for the 6 radiologists, respectively; the diagnosis accuracy rate was 19.0%-85.0%, 16.7%-6.5%, 18.2%-80.0%, and 0%-75.0%, respectively. The consistency of nodule detection among 6 doctors was good (Kappa value: 0.629-0.907) and the consistency of diagnostic results among them was moderate or poor (Kappa value: 0.350-0.653). The higher the radiologist's seniority, the shorter the time required to read the images. The reading time and the seniority of the radiologists had no significant influence on the detection and diagnosis results (P>0.05). Conclusions: The ability of radiographs to detect lung nodules ≤30 mm is limited, and the ability to determine the nature of the nodules is not sufficient, and the increase in reading time and seniority of the radiologists will not improve the diagnostic accuracy. X-ray film exam alone is not suitable for lung cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - S J Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L N Zhou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - X J Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y W Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L Niu
- Radiology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - H H Wang
- Radiology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - W Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - N Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (PET-CT Center), National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Hebei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Langfang 065001, China
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10
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Chang C, Zhang QQ, Wang HH, Chu Q, Zhang J, Yan ZX, Liu HG, Geng AL. Dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein levels affect pectoral muscle composition and gut microbiota in native growing chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102353. [PMID: 36473379 PMCID: PMC9720343 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiment aimed to study effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels alone and in interaction on performance, pectoral muscle composition and gut microbiota in native growing chickens. A total of 648 10-wks-old Beijing-You Chicken (BYC) female chickens were randomly allocated to 9 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 chickens per replicate, and the chickens were fed with a 3 × 3 factorial diets (3 levels of dietary ME: 11.31 MJ/kg, 11.51 MJ/kg, 11.71 MJ/kg; and 3 levels of dietary CP: 14%, 15%, 16%). The results showed that dietary ME and CP levels didn't affect average feed intake (AFI), body weight gain, feed gain ratio (P > 0.05), but ME level significantly affected the AFI (P < 0.05); mortality rate of 11.31 MJ/kg group was the highest (P < 0.05). Dietary ME, CP levels, and the interaction significantly affected pectoral CP and crude fat (CF) content of the growing chickens (P < 0.01). Dietary CP level had opposite effects on pectoral CP and CF content (P < 0.01). The 16% CP increased the pectoral CF content, which may have a negative impact on meat flavor. Dietary ME level affected 11 types of pectoral free amino acids (FAA) contents, including aspartic acid, L-threonine (P < 0.05), also amino acid classification, for example, total amino acid (TAA) and essential amino acid (EAA) content (P < 0.05). The 11.51 MJ/kg group had the highest TAA, EAA, delicious amino acid (DAA) content and EAA percentage (P < 0.05), while 11.31 MJ/kg group had the lowest bitter amino acid (BAA) content and BAA percentage and the highest fresh and sweet amino acid (FSAA) percentage (P < 0.05). Dietary CP level significantly affected glutamine and tyrosine content (P < 0.05). The interaction of dietary ME and CP level affected C20:3n6 content, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) percentage (P < 0.05). The CP level significantly affected SFA percentage (P < 0.05). The 16% CP level increased the diversity of gut microbiota, but at the same time increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05), which is a sign of microbiota disorder. The increase of dietary ME level resulted in a gradual decrease in the diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the medium dietary ME (11.51 MJ/kg) and low CP (14-15%) levels can be helpful for enhancing pectoral muscle composition, increase meat quality such as flavor and nutritional value, and benefit for gut microbiota in native growing chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Q Q Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - H H Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Q Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Z X Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - H G Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - A L Geng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
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11
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Liu JR, Gu JL, Huang BH, Kuang LF, Chen ML, Zou WY, Zheng D, Wang HH, Xu DR, Li J. [New agents-based induction chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation and maintenance treatment strategy for multiple myeloma: a single center retrospective study of 300 cases]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:1003-1009. [PMID: 36709105 PMCID: PMC9939329 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the survival and influential factors of an integrated approach of novel agents, autologous hematopoietic stem cell (auto-HSCT) , and maintenance therapy in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) patients from a single center over the past 15 years. Methods: In our center, 300 MM patients who received an integrated strategy of new agents, auto-HSCT, and maintenance therapy over 15 years were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed. Results: The complete remission rates (CR) and ≥very good partial remission rates (VGPR) following induction therapy, transplantation, and maintenance therapy were respectively 35.3% and 55.2% , 72.4% and 80.0% , 89.2% , and 93.4% . When compared to patients receiving double-drug induction, the ≥VGPR and ORR of patients receiving triple-drug induction were improved. No difference existed in CR, ≥VGPR, and ORR between the PAD (bortezomib + liposome doxorubicin+ dexamethasone) and RAD (lenalidomide + liposome doxorubicin + dexamethasone) regimens, but the benefits speed differed. The negative rate of flow minimal residual disease following induction, transplantation, and maintenance was 18.8% (54 cases) , 41.4% (109 cases) , and 58.7% (142 cases) , respectively. The median time to progress (TTP) was 78.7 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 109 months. The median TTP for RISS-Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients were 111.8 months, 77.4 months, and 30.6 months, and the median OS was 118.8 months, 91.4 months, and 48.5 months, respectively. At various points during treatment, the TTP and OS of patients obtaining CR and MRD negative were longer than those of patients who did not obtain CR and MRD negative. TTP was noticeably shorter in high-risk cytogenetic patients compared to standard-risk patients even when CR was acquired during induction. There was no difference in TTP between patients with high-risk cytogenetics and those with standard-risk cytogenetics if MRD negative was acquired during induction. According to a multivariate analysis, the R-ISS stage was a poor predictor of TTP and OS at various treatment intervals. Therapeutic effectiveness was a newly independent prognostic factor following treatment. Conclusion: A median survival of almost 10 years is possible for MM patients who receive an integrated strategy of induction regimens followed by auto-HSCT and maintenance therapy, which significantly improves prognosis. However, this approach did not significantly benefit high-risk cytogenetic MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - J L Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - B H Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - L F Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - M L Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - W Y Zou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - D Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - H H Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - D R Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Baj J, Khalil M, Garruti G, Stellaard F, Wang HH, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Recent Advances in the Digestive, Metabolic and Therapeutic Effects of Farnesoid X Receptor and Fibroblast Growth Factor 19: From Cholesterol to Bile Acid Signaling. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234950. [PMID: 36500979 PMCID: PMC9738051 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are amphiphilic molecules synthesized in the liver (primary BA) starting from cholesterol. In the small intestine, BA act as strong detergents for emulsification, solubilization and absorption of dietary fat, cholesterol, and lipid-soluble vitamins. Primary BA escaping the active ileal re-absorption undergo the microbiota-dependent biotransformation to secondary BA in the colon, and passive diffusion into the portal vein towards the liver. BA also act as signaling molecules able to play a systemic role in a variety of metabolic functions, mainly through the activation of nuclear and membrane-associated receptors in the intestine, gallbladder, and liver. BA homeostasis is tightly controlled by a complex interplay with the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR), the enterokine hormone fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) or the human ortholog FGF19 (FGF19). Circulating FGF19 to the FGFR4/β-Klotho receptor causes smooth muscle relaxation and refilling of the gallbladder. In the liver the binding activates the FXR-small heterodimer partner (SHP) pathway. This step suppresses the unnecessary BA synthesis and promotes the continuous enterohepatic circulation of BAs. Besides BA homeostasis, the BA-FXR-FGF19 axis governs several metabolic processes, hepatic protein, and glycogen synthesis, without inducing lipogenesis. These pathways can be disrupted in cholestasis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, targeting FXR activity can represent a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and the treatment of liver and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Frans Stellaard
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-328-4687215
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Wang HH, Portincasa P, Liu M, Wang DQH. Genetic Analysis of ABCB4 Mutations and Variants Related to the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Low Phospholipid-Associated Cholelithiasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1047. [PMID: 35741809 PMCID: PMC9222727 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have revealed that the ABCB4 gene encodes the phospholipid transporter on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, and its mutations and variants are the genetic basis of low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC), a rare type of gallstone disease caused by a single-gene mutation or variation. The main features of LPAC include a reduction or deficiency of phospholipids in bile, symptomatic cholelithiasis at <40 years of age, intrahepatic sludge and microlithiasis, mild chronic cholestasis, a high cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in bile, and recurrence of biliary symptoms after cholecystectomy. Needle-like cholesterol crystals, putatively “anhydrous” cholesterol crystallization at low phospholipid concentrations in model and native bile, are characterized in ABCB4 knockout mice, a unique animal model for LPAC. Gallbladder bile with only trace amounts of phospholipids in these mice is supersaturated with cholesterol, with lipid composition plotting in the left two-phase zone of the ternary phase diagram, consistent with “anhydrous” cholesterol crystallization. In this review, we summarize the molecular biology and physiological functions of ABCB4 and comprehensively discuss the latest advances in the genetic analysis of ABCB4 mutations and variations and their roles in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of LPAC in humans, based on the results from clinical studies and mouse experiments. To date, approximately 158 distinct LPAC-causing ABCB4 mutations and variants in humans have been reported in the literature, indicating that it is a monogenic risk factor for LPAC. The elucidation of the ABCB4 function in the liver, the identification of ABCB4 mutations and variants in LPAC patients, and the exploration of gene therapy for ABCB4 deficiency in animal models can help us to better understand the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms underlying the onset of the disease, and will pave the way for early diagnosis and prevention of susceptible subjects and effective intervention for LPAC in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA;
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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Yuan MW, Wang HH, Duan RF, Xu KP, Hu SY, Qiao YL, Zhang Y, Zhao F. [Analysis on cancer incidence and mortality attributed to human papillomavirus infection in China, 2016]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:702-708. [PMID: 35589576 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20211010-00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We aim to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of cancer attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in China in 2016. Methods: Based on the cancer incidence and mortality rates, national population data, and population attributable fraction (PAF) in China, we calculated the number of incidence and death cases attributed to HPV infection in different areas, age groups, and gender in China in 2016. The standardized incidence and mortality rates for cancer attributed to HPV infection were calculated by using Segi's population. Results: In 2016, a total of 124 772 new cancer cases (6.32 per 100 000) were attributed to HPV infection in China, including 117 118 cases in women and 7 654 cases in men. Of these cancers, cervical cancer was the most common one, followed by anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, vaginal cancer, laryngeal cancer, oral cancer, and vulvar cancer. A total of 41 282 (2.03 per 100 000) deaths were attributed to HPV infection, of which 37 417 occurred in women and 3 865 in men. Most deaths were caused by cervical cancer, followed by anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, laryngeal cancer, vaginal cancer, oral cancer, and vulvar cancer. The incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer increased rapidly with age, peaked in age group 50-54 years, then decreased obviously. The morbidity and mortality rates of non-cervical cancer increased with age. The cancer case and death numbers in rural areas (57 089 cases and 19 485 deaths) were lower than those in urban areas (67 683 cases and 21 797 deaths). However, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of cervical cancer were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. There were no significant differences in ASIR and ASMR of non-cervical cancers between urban areas and rural areas. Conclusions: The incidence of cancers attributed to HPV infection in China was lower than the global average, but the number of incidences accounted largely, furthermore there is an increasing trend of morbidity and mortality. The preventions and controls of cervical cancer and male anal cancer are essential to contain the increases in cancer cases and deaths attributed to HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Yuan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - H H Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - R F Duan
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital/Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - K P Xu
- Department of Quality Management, Dalian No.3 People's Hospital, Dalian 116044, China
| | - S Y Hu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y L Qiao
- Center for Global Health, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fanghui Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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15
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Li E, Zou XL, Xu LQ, Chu YQ, Feng X, Lian H, Liu HQ, Liu AD, Han MK, Dong JQ, Wang HH, Liu JW, Zang Q, Wang SX, Zhou TF, Huang YH, Hu LQ, Zhou C, Qu HX, Chen Y, Lin SY, Zhang B, Qian JP, Hu JS, Xu GS, Chen JL, Lu K, Liu FK, Song YT, Li JG, Gong XZ. Experimental Evidence of Intrinsic Current Generation by Turbulence in Stationary Tokamak Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:085003. [PMID: 35275672 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.085003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-β_{θe} (a ratio of the electron thermal pressure to the poloidal magnetic pressure) steady-state long-pulse plasmas with steep central electron temperature gradient are achieved in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. An intrinsic current is observed to be modulated by turbulence driven by the electron temperature gradient. This turbulent current is generated in the countercurrent direction and can reach a maximum ratio of 25% of the bootstrap current. Gyrokinetic simulations and experimental observations indicate that the turbulence is the electron temperature gradient mode (ETG). The dominant mechanism for the turbulent current generation is due to the divergence of ETG-driven residual flux of current. Good agreement has been found between experiments and theory for the critical value of the electron temperature gradient triggering ETG and for the level of the turbulent current. The maximum values of turbulent current and electron temperature gradient lead to the destabilization of an m/n=1/1 kink mode, which by counteraction reduces the turbulence level (m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode number, respectively). These observations suggest that the self-regulation system including turbulence, turbulent current, and kink mode is a contributing mechanism for sustaining the steady-state long-pulse high-β_{θe} regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzhong Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Zou
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - L Q Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Q Chu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - X Feng
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - H Lian
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - H Q Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - A D Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - M K Han
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - J Q Dong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - H H Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - S X Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - T F Zhou
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Huang
- Advanced Energy Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - L Q Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - H X Qu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - S Y Lin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Qian
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - J S Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - G S Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - K Lu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - F K Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Song
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - X Z Gong
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
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16
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Geng AL, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang HH, Chu Q, Yan ZX, Liu HG. Effects of light regime on circadian rhythmic behavior and reproductive parameters in native laying hens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101808. [PMID: 35339931 PMCID: PMC8960972 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper aimed to study the effects of light regime on circadian rhythmic behavior and reproductive parameters in a native laying hen, Beijing You Chicken (BYC) during 22 to 30 wk. A total of 630 19-wk-old BYC female chicken were allocated to 6 light regime groups with 3 replicates per group and 35 birds per replicate, reared in individually lit floor pens with separate outdoor areas. A 2 × 3 factorial experiment (2 lighting patterns: continuous and intermittent lighting; 3 photoperiods: 16 h, 14 h, 12 h) was arranged, including 16L:8D for group 1; 12L:2D:4L:6D for group 2; 14L:10D for group 3; 10L:2D:4L:8D for group 4; 12L:12D for group 5, and 8L:4D:4L:8D for group 6, respectively. The circadian rhythmic behavior of the hens, including feeding, egg-laying and sleeping behaviors were observed by scan sampling and target sampling method for consecutive 3 d every other week during 22 to 30 wk. Infrared cameras were set outside each pen to record the rhythmic behaviors of the birds every other hour (6:00–7:00;8:00–9:00;10:00–11:00;12:00–13:00;14:00–15:00;16:00–17:00;18:00–19:00;20:00–21:00;22:00–23:00;0:00–1:00;2:00–3:00;4:00–5:00). Theovarian weight, oviduct weight, oviduct length, the number of large yellow follicles (LYF), and small yellow follicles (SYF) were measured at the end of 30 wk. The egg-laying rate during 22 to 30 wk was measured. The results showed that the highest feeding frequency was given by the 16L:8D, and the lowest given by the 12L:12D (P < 0.05). The average feeding duration was the longest in the 8L:4D:4L:8D at 6:00 to 8:00 (18.67 min/hen) (P < 0.05), and the shortest in the 8L:4D:4L:8D at 18:00 to 20:00 (3.75 min/hen) (P < 0.05). The highest egg-laying frequency was given by the 8L:4D:4L:8D (0.28), the lowest given by the 10L:2D:4L:8D (0.21) (P < 0.05). The shortest egg-laying duration occurred at 6:00 to 8:00, was given by the 16L:8D (8 min/hen), and the longest egg-laying duration occurred at 18:00 to 20:00, was given by 16L:8D and 8L:4D:4L:8D (>20.5 min/hen) (P < 0.05). The highest sleeping frequency was given by the 12L:2D:4L:6D, the lowest was given by the 12L:12D (P < 0.05). At 6:00 to 8:00, the shortest sleeping duration was given by 12L:2D:4L:6D (1.5 s/hen), at 18:00 to 20:00, the longest given by 8L:4D:4L:8D (14.3 s/hen) (P < 0.05). Lighting pattern and photoperiod alone or in interaction had no effect on egg-laying rate during 22 to 30 wk (P > 0.05), but had significant effects on ovarian weight, oviduct weight, oviduct length, the number of LYF and SYF (P < 0.05), and the continuous groups were all significantly higher than the intermittent groups (P < 0.05). The present study indicated that light regimes affected the frequency and duration of circadian behavior in BYC laying hens, and the continuous light was more beneficial to the reproductive development than the intermittent light in the early laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Geng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China.
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - H H Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Q Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Z X Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - H G Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
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17
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Liu BX, Duan R, Wang HH, Zhang DY, Qin S, Luo HY, Liu J, Liang JR, Tang DM, Jing HQ, Wang J, Wang X. [Analysis on prevalence and epidemic risk of animal plague in different ecological plague foci in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:9-14. [PMID: 34954955 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20211101-01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The risk of plague epidemics and relapse of various types of plague foci persists in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. For Marmota sibirica plague foci, the animal plague has not been found but antibody has been detected positive. Nowadays, Marmota sibirica has been increasing in population and distribution in China. In bordering countries Mongolia and Russia, the animal plague has been continuously prevalent. For Spermophilus dauricus plague foci, the animal plague has been taken place now and then. Compared to the above foci, the animal plague is most prevalent in Meriones unguiculatus plague foci and frequently spread to humans. Due to higher strain virulence and historical disaster in Marmota sibirica plague foci and Spermophilus dauricus plague foci, plague prevention and control should be strengthened on these foci. In addition to routine surveillance, epidemic dynamics need to be further monitored in these two foci, in order to prevent their relapse and spread to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B X Liu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Synthesis Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - R Duan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - H H Wang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Synthesis Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - D Y Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Synthesis Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - S Qin
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - H Y Luo
- Hulun Buir Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hulun Buir 021008, China
| | - J Liu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Synthesis Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - J R Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - D M Tang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - H Q Jing
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - J Wang
- Chinese Medical Association, Beijing 100710, China
| | - X Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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18
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Kramme C, Plesa AM, Wang HH, Wolf B, Smela MP, Guo X, Kohman RE, Chatterjee P, Church GM. MegaGate: A toxin-less gateway molecular cloning tool. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100907. [PMID: 34746865 PMCID: PMC8551244 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gateway cloning employs the use of the ccdb toxin and has low colony numbers, making it difficult to apply at scale to clone libraries of cDNA vectors. In this protocol, we describe MegaGate, a toxin-less Gateway technology capable of robust cDNA library cloning that is efficient, cheap, and scalable. MegaGate eliminates the ccdb toxin used in Gateway recombinase cloning and instead utilizes meganuclease-mediated digestion to eliminate background vectors during cloning and is 99.8% efficient with high colony numbers. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kramme et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kramme
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandru M. Plesa
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helen H. Wang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bennett Wolf
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Merrick Pierson Smela
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoge Guo
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richie E. Kohman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pranam Chatterjee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George M. Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Geng AL, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang HH, Chu Q, Yan ZX, Liu HG. Effects of lighting regimes on performance, pineal melanopsin expression and melatonin content in native laying hens aged from 19 to 34 weeks. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101567. [PMID: 34823188 PMCID: PMC8626689 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanopsin, a key light sensitive pigment, plays an important role in the regulation of bio-rhythm and photo-adaptation in poultry. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different lighting regimes on performance, pineal melanopsin expression and melatonin content in a native chicken, Beijing You Chicken (BYC) aged from 19 to 34 wk. A total of 900 nineteen-wk-old BYC female chicken having no significant body weight differences were randomly allocated to 3 groups with 3 replicates each, 100 birds each replicate, reared in individually lit floor pens with separate outdoor areas. Three different lighting regimes were used, including continuous 16 h (16L:8D, 6:00–22:00) for group 1, intermittent 16 h (12L:2D:4L:6D, 6:00–18:00, 20:00–24:00) for group 2, and continuous 12 h (12L:12D, 6:00–18:00) for group 3, respectively. The performance was measured for 19 to 34 wk. Serum melatonin (Mel), prolactin (Prl), luteinizing hormone (LH), and 17-beta estradiol (E2) contents were measured at 24 wk, 29 wk, and 34 wk of age, the relative expression of pineal melanopsin gene (Opn4 mRNA) was measured on 1 d at 9:00, 13:00, 17:00, 21:00, 1:00, and 5:00 at 29 wk of age, and at the end of 29 wk and 34 wk. The results showed that the egg mass, egg-laying rate, and feed egg ratio of BYC were not affected by lighting regimes for 19 to 34 wk (P > 0.05), except for the average feed intake (AFI) (P < 0.05). The AFI in the 12L:12D group was significantly higher than that in the 16L:8D group (P < 0.05), but had no difference with that in the 12L:2D:4L:6D group. The pineal Opn4 mRNA level was significantly upregulated in the 12L:2D:4L:6D group and downregulated in the 12L:12D group when compared with 16L:8D group at 29 and 34 wks of age (P < 0.05). The Mel content in the 16L:8D group was lower than that in the other 2 groups at 29 wk of age (P < 0.05), there was no difference in Mel content between 16L:8D group and 12L:2D:4L:6D group at 34 wk of age (P > 0.05). The present study suggested that the pineal melanopsin expression of the birds in the intermittent 16 h lighting group was higher than in the continuous 16 h and 12 h lighting group, and a significant negative correlation was found between melanopsin expression and Mel content at 34 wk of age, which may interact to promote the photo-adaptation of the native chicken and affect the future laying performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Geng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China.
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - H H Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Q Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Z X Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - H G Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
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Kramme C, Plesa AM, Wang HH, Wolf B, Smela MP, Guo X, Kohman RE, Chatterjee P, Church GM. An integrated pipeline for mammalian genetic screening. Cell Rep Methods 2021; 1:100082. [PMID: 35474898 PMCID: PMC9017118 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the recent advancements in genome editing, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and scalable cloning techniques, scientists can now conduct genetic screens at unprecedented levels of scale and precision. With such a multitude of technologies, there is a need for a simple yet comprehensive pipeline to enable systematic mammalian genetic screening. In this study, we develop unique algorithms for target identification and a toxin-less Gateway cloning tool, termed MegaGate, for library cloning which, when combined with existing genetic perturbation methods and NGS-coupled readouts, enable versatile engineering of relevant mammalian cell lines. Our integrated pipeline for sequencing-based target ascertainment and modular perturbation screening (STAMPScreen) can thus be utilized for a host of cell state engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kramme
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexandru M. Plesa
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Helen H. Wang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bennett Wolf
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Merrick Pierson Smela
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xiaoge Guo
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Richie E. Kohman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pranam Chatterjee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George M. Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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21
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Geng AL, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zeng LC, Chang C, Wang HH, Yan ZX, Chu Q, Liu HG. Effects of light regime on the hatching performance, body development and serum biochemical indexes in Beijing You Chicken. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101270. [PMID: 34237543 PMCID: PMC8267589 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper aimed to study the effects of light regime during the incubation on hatching performance, body development and serum biochemical indexes in Beijing You Chicken (BYC). A total of 1,408 BYC eggs were randomly allocated into 4 groups: 24 h dark as the control (Inc24D); 3 light regimes were 8 h light and 16 h dark group (Inc8L:16D); 12 h light and 12 h dark group (Inc12L:12D); 16 h light and 8 h dark group (Inc16L:8D), respectively. There were 352 eggs in each group, 4 replicates each group and 1 tray each replicate, 88 eggs each tray. Light-emitting diode (LED) strips, white light with temperature of 4,500 to 5,000 K, 150 to 200 lx were set up. The results showed that light regimes had no significant effects on hatching rate of eggs, hatching rate of fertile eggs and healthy rate of chicks (P > 0.05), but the hatching rate of eggs was the lowest in the Inc24D group (87.22%), and the highest in the Inc12L:12D group (93.64%); Lighted incubation significantly affected the incidence of leg problems of 1-day-old chicks (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of leg problems was the highest in the Inc24D group (4.21%), and was decreased in Inc12L:12D and Inc16L:8D groups (P < 0.05). Femur length in the Inc12L:12D group was greater than that in the Inc24D and Inc16L:8D groups (P = 0.011), but there were no differences between Inc8L:16D group and other three groups (P > 0.05). The relative brain weight of 1-day-old chicks was higher in Inc24D and Inc16L:8D groups than in Inc8L:16D group (P = 0.052), but had no difference with Inc12L:12D group. Light regimes during incubation had no effects on serum total protein, albumen, globulin, and urea nitrogen content of 1-day-old chicks (P > 0.05), while the globulin content in Inc12L:12D group was numerically greater than in other three groups (P = 0.063). Lysozyme content in Inc12L:12D group was higher than that in the Inc24D and Inc8L:16D groups (P < 0.05), but had no difference with that in Inc16L:8D group. Light regime had no effect on serum total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) (P > 0.05), but significantly affected the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (P < 0.05). The GSH-Px and T-SOD activities in the Inc12L:12D group were higher than those in the Inc24D and Inc8L:16D groups. The MDA content of Inc24D was the highest (9.67 nmol/mL) compared to the others, which was very close to the significant level (P = 0.056). In conclusion, 12 h light and 12 h dark incubation has the potential to improve the hatching performance of BYC eggs, benefit for the long bone development, improve some serum immune and antioxidant indexes, and reduce the leg problems in 1-day-old chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Geng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, #9 Shu-Guang Garden Mid-Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, P. R. China.
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, #9 Shu-Guang Garden Mid-Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, #9 Shu-Guang Garden Mid-Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - L C Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, #9 Shu-Guang Garden Mid-Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - C Chang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, #9 Shu-Guang Garden Mid-Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - H H Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, #9 Shu-Guang Garden Mid-Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Z X Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, #9 Shu-Guang Garden Mid-Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Q Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, #9 Shu-Guang Garden Mid-Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - H G Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, #9 Shu-Guang Garden Mid-Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
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Zhang ZC, He B, Sun S, Zhang X, Li T, Wang HH, Xu LR, Afzal AJ, Geng XQ. The phytotoxin COR induces transcriptional reprogramming of photosynthetic, hormonal and defence networks in tomato. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:69-79. [PMID: 33512048 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronatine (COR) is a non-host specific phytotoxin secreted by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that can induce leaf chlorosis and increase the virulence of pathogens during plant-pathogen interactions. Studies have shown that COR can regulate multiple physiological processes in plants, but its involvement in bacterial pathogenesis and plant growth regulation is not well understood. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was carried out on 4-week-old tomato leaves that were either mock-treated or treated with COR. Transcriptome sequencing led to the identification of 6144 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 4361 genes were downregulated and 1783 genes were upregulated upon COR treatment. To obtain functional information on the DEGs, we annotated these genes using GO and KEGG databases. Functional classification analysis showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in photosynthesis, chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis and phenylpropane metabolism. A total of 23 genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis had significant changes, of which 22 genes were downregulated and one gene was upregulated, indicating that chlorophyll biosynthesis was inhibited upon COR treatment. A total of 17 photosystem I related genes and 22 photosystem II related genes involving 20 protein subunits were also downregulated. In the JA synthesis pathway, 25 genes were up regulated, and six genes were downregulated in COR treated samples. COR was also involved in the regulation of multiple secondary metabolites. The identified DEGs will help us better understand the virulence effects and physiological functions of COR and provide a theoretical basis for breeding resistance into economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - B He
- Institute of Quality and Safety Testing Center for Agro-products, Xining City, China
| | - S Sun
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - H H Wang
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - L R Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - A J Afzal
- Division of Science, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - X Q Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xu Y, Zhu Y, Hu S, Pan X, Bawa FC, Wang HH, Wang DQH, Yin L, Zhang Y. Hepatocyte miR-34a is a key regulator in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101244. [PMID: 33930596 PMCID: PMC8141777 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic miR-34a expression is elevated in diet-induced or genetically obese mice and patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), yet hepatocyte miR-34a's role in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to NASH remains to be elucidated. METHODS Mice overexpressing or deficient in hepatocyte miR-34a and control mice were fed a diet enriched in fats, cholesterol, and fructose (HFCF) to induce NASH. C57BL/6 mice with NASH were treated with an miR-34a inhibitor or a scramble control oligo. The effect of miR-34a on the development, progression, and reversal of NAFLD was determined. RESULTS The hepatocyte-specific expression of miR-34a aggravated HFCF diet-induced NAFLD. In contrast, germline or adult-onset deletion of hepatocyte miR-34a attenuated the development and progression of NAFLD. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of miR-34a reversed HFCF diet-induced steatohepatitis. Mechanistically, hepatocyte miR-34a regulated the development and progression of NAFLD by inducing lipid absorption, lipogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis but inhibiting fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte miR-34a is an important regulator in the development and progression of NAFLD. MiR-34a may be a useful target for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Fathima Cassim Bawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA. Tel.: 330-325-6693.
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Xu Y, Li Y, Jadhav K, Pan X, Zhu Y, Hu S, Chen S, Chen L, Tang Y, Wang HH, Yang L, Wang DQH, Yin L, Zhang Y. Hepatocyte ATF3 protects against atherosclerosis by regulating HDL and bile acid metabolism. Nat Metab 2021; 3:59-74. [PMID: 33462514 PMCID: PMC7856821 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor (ATF)3 is known to have an anti-inflammatory function, yet the role of hepatic ATF3 in lipoprotein metabolism or atherosclerosis remains unknown. Here we show that overexpression of human ATF3 in hepatocytes reduces the development of atherosclerosis in Western-diet-fed Ldlr-/- or Apoe-/- mice, whereas hepatocyte-specific ablation of Atf3 has the opposite effect. We further show that hepatic ATF3 expression is inhibited by hydrocortisone. Mechanistically, hepatocyte ATF3 enhances high-density lipoprotein (HDL) uptake, inhibits intestinal fat and cholesterol absorption and promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport by inducing scavenger receptor group B type 1 (SR-BI) and repressing cholesterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1) in the liver through its interaction with p53 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, respectively. Our data demonstrate that hepatocyte ATF3 is a key regulator of HDL and bile acid metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kavita Jadhav
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Shaoru Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Liuying Chen
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Helen H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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25
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Wang HH, Guo L, Lou JL, Zhao JZ. [Ectopic thyroid in laryngeal hypoglottic trachea: a case report]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 55:1178-1180. [PMID: 33342137 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200630-00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Wang
- the Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - L Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - J L Lou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - J Z Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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26
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Wang HH, Plukker JTM, Hospers GAP. ASO Author Reflections: Pathologic Complete Response of Extended CROSS Criteria Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:3961-3962. [PMID: 33284429 PMCID: PMC8184537 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Th M Plukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Wang HH, de Bari O, Arnatt CK, Liu M, Portincasa P, Wang DQH. Activation of Estrogen Receptor G Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Enhances Cholesterol Cholelithogenesis in Female Mice. Hepatology 2020; 72:2077-2089. [PMID: 32112420 PMCID: PMC8157628 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Estrogen is an important risk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease because women are twice as likely as men to form gallstones. The classical estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not ERβ, in the liver plays a critical role in the formation of estrogen-induced gallstones in female mice. The molecular mechanisms underlying the lithogenic effect of estrogen on gallstone formation have become more complicated with the identification of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), an estrogen receptor. APPROACH AND RESULTS We investigated the biliary and gallstone phenotypes in ovariectomized female GPR30-/- , ERα-/- , and wild-type mice injected intramuscularly with the potent GPR30-selective agonist G-1 at 0 or 1 μg/day and fed a lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. The activation of GPR30 by G-1 enhanced cholelithogenesis by suppressing expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the classical pathway of bile salt synthesis. These metabolic abnormalities led to an increase in biliary cholesterol concentrations in company with hepatic hyposecretion of biliary bile salts, thereby inducing cholesterol-supersaturated gallbladder bile and accelerating cholesterol crystallization. G-1 also impairs gallbladder emptying, leading to sluggish gallbladder motility and promoting the development of biliary sludge in the early stage of gallstone formation. The prevalence rates of gallstones were 80% in wild-type and ERα-/- mice treated with G-1 compared to 10% in wild-type mice receiving no G-1. However, no gallstones were formed in GPR30-/- mice treated with G-1. CONCLUSIONS GPR30 produces additional lithogenic actions, working independently of ERα, to increase susceptible to gallstone formation in female mice; both GPR30 and ERα are potential therapeutic targets for cholesterol gallstone disease, particularly in women and patients exposed to high levels of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY;,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ornella de Bari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY;,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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28
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Wang HH, Portincasa P, Liu M, Tso P, Wang DQH. An Update on the Lithogenic Mechanisms of Cholecystokinin a Receptor (CCKAR), an Important Gallstone Gene for Lith13. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1438. [PMID: 33260332 PMCID: PMC7761502 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) is expressed predominantly in the gallbladder and small intestine in the digestive system, where it is responsible for CCK's regulation of gallbladder and small intestinal motility. The effect of CCKAR on small intestinal transit is a physiological response for regulating intestinal cholesterol absorption. The Cckar gene has been identified to be an important gallstone gene, Lith13, in inbred mice by a powerful quantitative trait locus analysis. Knockout of the Cckar gene in mice enhances cholesterol cholelithogenesis by impairing gallbladder contraction and emptying, promoting cholesterol crystallization and crystal growth, and increasing intestinal cholesterol absorption. Clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that several variants in the CCKAR gene are associated with increased prevalence of cholesterol cholelithiasis in humans. Dysfunctional gallbladder emptying in response to exogenously administered CCK-8 is often found in patients with cholesterol gallstones, and patients with pigment gallstones display an intermediate degree of gallbladder motility defect. Gallbladder hypomotility is also revealed in some subjects without gallstones under several conditions: pregnancy, total parenteral nutrition, celiac disease, oral contraceptives and conjugated estrogens, obesity, diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and administration of CCKAR antagonists. The physical-chemical, genetic, and molecular studies of Lith13 show that dysfunctional CCKAR enhances susceptibility to cholesterol gallstones through two primary mechanisms: impaired gallbladder emptying is a key risk factor for the development of gallbladder hypomotility, biliary sludge (the precursor of gallstones), and microlithiasis, as well as delayed small intestinal transit augments cholesterol absorption as a major source for the hepatic hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol and for the accumulation of excess cholesterol in the gallbladder wall that further worsens impaired gallbladder motor function. If these two defects in the gallbladder and small intestine could be prevented by the potent CCKAR agonists, the risk of developing cholesterol gallstones could be dramatically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (M.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (M.L.); (P.T.)
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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29
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Wang HH, Sun JW, Wan GL, Chen H, Li WJ, Zhao W, Pan CC. [A new pathogenic variation of EYA1 gene in a family with BOR syndrome and the diagnostic exploration]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 55:1069-1072. [PMID: 33210889 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200715-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provinical Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - J W Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provinical Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - G L Wan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provinical Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provinical Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - W J Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provinical Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provinical Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - C C Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provinical Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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30
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Cui ZL, Shou JB, Liu B, Wang HH, Lin YY, Zeng JX, Long ZZ, Chen YB, Zhang XM. [Clinical effect of X-N advancement flap in repairing pressure ulcer on the buttock or back]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2020; 36:476-479. [PMID: 32594706 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20191011-00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical effect of X-N advancement flap in repairing pressure ulcer on the buttock or back. Methods: From June 2018 to June 2019, 20 patients with grade Ⅳ pressure ulcers on the buttock or back were hospitalized and treated in the Department of Traumatology, Burns and Plastic Surgery of Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, including 15 males and 5 females, aged 48-89 years. The area of the patient's wound was 8 cm×5 cm-15 cm×12 cm after debridement, and all were repaired with the X-N advancement flap designed by the author. The flap was designed according to the direction of skin relaxation on both sides of the wound, and the skin was incised in X-shape and sutured in N-shape. The width and advancement distance of the flap were recorded, and the ratio of the advancement distance to the width of the flap was calculated. The flap survival, complication, and follow-up were observed and recorded. Results: The width of the flap was (5.9±1.2) cm, the advancement distance of the flap was (10.3±2.5) cm, and the ratio of the advancement distance to the width of the flap was 1.8±0.4. All the flaps survived, and none of the flaps had blood flow disorder. Local dehiscence occurred in the flap of one patient 1 week after surgery, which was healed after laying on the floating bed, strengthened care, and wound dressing change. The flap of one patient developed infection 5 days after surgery, which was healed after partial suture removal, smooth drainage, and replacement with sensitive antibiotics. The wounds of the remaining 18 patients were all cured. After 3 months of follow-up, the flaps survived well with good elasticity and texture. Conclusions: The X-N advancement flap can make the skin and soft tissue move forward effectively. It is simple and effective to repair pressure ulcers on the back or buttock of patients with this flap, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Cui
- Department of Traumatology, Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005
| | - J B Shou
- Department of Traumatology, Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005
| | - B Liu
- Department of Traumatology, Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005
| | - H H Wang
- Department of Traumatology, Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005
| | - Y Y Lin
- Seventh Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100041
| | - J X Zeng
- Department of Traumatology, Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005
| | - Z Z Long
- Department of Traumatology, Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005
| | - Y B Chen
- Department of Traumatology, Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005
| | - X M Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005
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31
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Kang BL, Shi MZ, Li SJ, Wang HH, Zhang Q, Zhao D, Li J, Song DW, Zheng LX, Nie LP, Wu T, Chen XH. Preformed Cooper Pairs in Layered FeSe-Based Superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:097003. [PMID: 32915588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.097003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Superconductivity arises from two distinct quantum phenomena: electron pairing and long-range phase coherence. In conventional superconductors, the two quantum phenomena generally take place simultaneously, while in the underdoped high- T_{c} cuprate superconductors, the electron pairing occurs at higher temperature than the long-range phase coherence. Recently, whether electron pairing is also prior to long-range phase coherence in single-layer FeSe film on SrTiO_{3} substrate is under debate. Here, by measuring Knight shift and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate, we unambiguously reveal a pseudogap behavior below T_{p}∼60 K in two kinds of layered FeSe-based superconductors with quasi2D nature. In the pseudogap regime, a weak diamagnetic signal and a remarkable Nernst effect are also observed, which indicates that the observed pseudogap behavior is related to superconducting fluctuations. These works confirm that strong phase fluctuation is an important character in the 2D iron-based superconductors as widely observed in high-T_{c} cuprate superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Kang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - M Z Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - S J Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - H H Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - D Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - D W Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - L X Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - L P Nie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - T Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai 200050, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - X H Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai 200050, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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32
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Li L, Li WF, Liu SZ, Wang HH. Probiotic fermented feed improved the production, health and nutrient utilisation of yellow-feathered broilers reared in high altitude in Tibet. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:746-753. [PMID: 32723086 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1801988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Probiotic fermented feed (PFF) has been widely used in poultry production. The current study was designed to investigate whether PPF could alleviate the negative effects of hypoxia on yellow-feathered broilers reared at high altitude on the Tibet Plateau. 2. A total of 480, one-day-old male Lingnan yellow-feathered broilers were divided into four treatment groups with six replicates, each containing 20 broiler chickens. Broilers in the four groups were offered either a basal diet (without antibiotics) or test diets containing 5, 10 and 15% of PFF respectively. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. 3. Birds fed the 10% PFF diet exhibited increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) on d 28 and 56, body weight (BW) on d 56, total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE). Feeding diets supplemented with 10% PFF increased (P < 0.05) digestive activity and gut development in duodenum and jejunum. Supplementation with 10% or 15% PFF significantly increased (P < 0.05) the caecal populations of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria spp. and decreased (P < 0.05) caecal E. coli and Salmonella spp. on d 28 and 56. 4. The ADG and BW on d 56, protease activity in duodenum on d 56 and jejunum on d 28 and 56, villus height and villi absorptive area in duodenum and jejunum and caecal Bifidobacteria spp. showed a quadratic (P < 0.05) dose response as supplemental PFF level increased. The TTAD of DM and CP and caecal Lactobacilli spp. increased linearly with PFF level. The caecal populations of E. coli and Salmonella spp. decreased linearly with PFF level. 5. In conclusion, addition of PFF in broiler diets had the potential to improve production performance, nutrient utilisation, intestinal digestive function and caecal microflora in yellow broiler chickens raised at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Animal Engineering, YangLing Vocational and Technical College , Yangling, China
| | - W F Li
- Department of Animal Engineering, YangLing Vocational and Technical College , Yangling, China
| | - S Z Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College , Linzhi, China
| | - H H Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College , Linzhi, China
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Di Ciaula A, Baj J, Garruti G, Celano G, De Angelis M, Wang HH, Di Palo DM, Bonfrate L, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Liver Steatosis, Gut-Liver Axis, Microbiome and Environmental Factors. A Never-Ending Bidirectional Cross-Talk. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2648. [PMID: 32823983 PMCID: PMC7465294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide and parallels comorbidities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Recent studies describe the presence of NAFLD in non-obese individuals, with mechanisms partially independent from excessive caloric intake. Increasing evidences, in particular, point towards a close interaction between dietary and environmental factors (including food contaminants), gut, blood flow, and liver metabolism, with pathways involving intestinal permeability, the composition of gut microbiota, bacterial products, immunity, local, and systemic inflammation. These factors play a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal, liver, and metabolic homeostasis. An anomalous or imbalanced gut microbial composition may favor an increased intestinal permeability, predisposing to portal translocation of microorganisms, microbial products, and cell wall components. These components form microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), with potentials to interact in the intestine lamina propria enriched in immune cells, and in the liver at the level of the immune cells, i.e., Kupffer cells and stellate cells. The resulting inflammatory environment ultimately leads to liver fibrosis with potentials to progression towards necrotic and fibrotic changes, cirrhosis. and hepatocellular carcinoma. By contrast, measures able to modulate the composition of gut microbiota and to preserve gut vascular barrier might prevent or reverse NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (D.M.D.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (H.H.W.); (D.Q.-H.W.)
| | - Domenica Maria Di Palo
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (D.M.D.P.); (L.B.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (D.M.D.P.); (L.B.)
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (H.H.W.); (D.Q.-H.W.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (D.M.D.P.); (L.B.)
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Huang LH, Chen CM, Chen SF, Wang HH. Roles of nurses and National Nurses Associations in combating COVID-19: Taiwan experience. Int Nurs Rev 2020; 67:318-322. [PMID: 32761608 PMCID: PMC7436573 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As the COVID‐19 pandemic continues to expand worldwide, Taiwan has effectively contained the spread domestically and protected its citizens after registering its first case relatively early on 21 January 2020. Proactive preparedness and deployment by the national government, timely evidence and experience‐based judgements and decision‐making, information transparency, rapid response, and effective communication and measures have all been critical to combating COVID‐19 in Taiwan. Nurses play a pivotal role in providing direct health care as well as providing contact tracing and care for the quarantined clients and community care services. The Taiwan Nurses Association and other nurses’ associations serve a vital leadership role in advocating for nurses, raising public awareness, enhancing nursing’s professional profile, and sharing experiences via national and international platforms. The implications for nursing and health policy are that we need to well prepare for any unpredicted emerging pandemic in the future. Providing adequate personal protective equipment and safe staffing should be the highest priority for the governments and policymakers around the world to combat pandemic successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Huang
- Taiwan Nurses Association, International Council of Nurses, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C M Chen
- Taiwan Nurses Association, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - S F Chen
- Taiwan Nurses Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H H Wang
- Taiwan Nurses Association, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wang HH, Jia SD, Liu Y, Xu JJ, Gao Z, Song Y, Tang XF, Jiang P, Zhao XY, Song L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Yang YJ, Gao RL, Qiao SB, Xu B, Yuan JQ, Gao LJ. [The impact of metabolic syndrome and its individual components on long-term prognosis of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:1623-1628. [PMID: 32486596 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20190920-02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its individual components on long-term prognosis of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods: Patients who underwent PCI in Fuwai Hospital in 2013 were enrolled and divided to two groups: with MS and without MS. The primary endpoint of 2-year follow-up was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization. Results: Of the 10 422 PCI patients, there were 5 656 (54.27%) without MS and 4 766 (45.73%) with MS. Patients in the MS group were younger, tended to be male and had more comorbidities. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of drug-coated stents and the success rate of interventional therapy. The 2-year follow-up showed that the incidence of MACE in the MS group was significantly higher than that in the MS-free group (12.0% vs 10.0%, P<0.001), which was mainly due to the significantly higher revascularization rate in the MS group than in the non-MS group (9.5% vs 7.9%, P=0.003). Cox's regression analysis showed that MS was an independent risk factor for MACE. In MS component analysis, abnormal glucose metabolism was an independent risk factor for MACE events. Conclusions: Among the patients undergoing PCI, the incidence of MACE in patients with MS is significantly higher than that in patients without MS, and MS was an independent risk factor for MACE. In addition, hyperglycemia is an independent predictor for MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - S D Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - J J Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Z Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - X F Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - P Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - X Y Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - L Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Y J Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - R L Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - S B Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - B Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - J Q Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - L J Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Wang HH, Lee DK, Liu M, Portincasa P, Wang DQH. Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2020; 23:189-230. [PMID: 32483543 PMCID: PMC7231748 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2020.23.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome, by definition, is not a disease but is a clustering of individual metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These risk factors could dramatically increase the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The reported prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varies, greatly depending on the definition used, gender, age, socioeconomic status, and the ethnic background of study cohorts. Clinical and epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that the metabolic syndrome starts with central obesity. Because the prevalence of obesity has doubly increased worldwide over the past 30 years, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has markedly boosted in parallel. Therefore, obesity has been recognized as the leading cause for the metabolic syndrome since it is strongly associated with all metabolic risk factors. High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is not unique to the USA and Europe and it is also increasing in most Asian countries. Insulin resistance has elucidated most, if not all, of the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome because it contributes to hyperglycemia. Furthermore, a major contributor to the development of insulin resistance is an overabundance of circulating fatty acids. Plasma fatty acids are derived mainly from the triglycerides stored in adipose tissues, which are released through the action of the cyclic AMP-dependent enzyme, hormone sensitive lipase. This review summarizes the latest concepts in the definition, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, as well as its preventive measures and therapeutic strategies in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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DeLeon C, Wang HH, Gunn J, Wilhelm M, Cole A, Arnett S, Wang DQH, Arnatt CK. A novel GPER antagonist protects against the formation of estrogen-induced cholesterol gallstones in female mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:767-777. [PMID: 32127396 PMCID: PMC7193967 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many clinical studies and epidemiological investigations have clearly demonstrated that women are twice as likely to develop cholesterol gallstones as men, and oral contraceptives and other estrogen therapies dramatically increase that risk. Further, animal studies have revealed that estrogen promotes cholesterol gallstone formation through the estrogen receptor (ER) α, but not ERβ, pathway. More importantly, some genetic and pathophysiological studies have found that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) 1 is a new gallstone gene, Lith18, on chromosome 5 in mice and produces additional lithogenic actions, working independently of ERα, to markedly increase cholelithogenesis in female mice. Based on computational modeling of GPER, a novel series of GPER-selective antagonists were designed, synthesized, and subsequently assessed for their therapeutic effects via calcium mobilization, cAMP, and ERα and ERβ fluorescence polarization binding assays. From this series of compounds, one new compound, 2-cyclohexyl-4-isopropyl-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)aniline (CIMBA), exhibits superior antagonism and selectivity exclusively for GPER. Furthermore, CIMBA reduces the formation of 17β-estradiol-induced gallstones in a dose-dependent manner in ovariectomized mice fed a lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. At 32 μg/day/kg CIMBA, no gallstones are found, even in ovariectomized ERα (-/-) mice treated with 6 μg/day 17β-estradiol and fed the lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. In conclusion, CIMBA treatment protects against the formation of estrogen-induced cholesterol gallstones by inhibiting the GPER signaling pathway in female mice. CIMBA may thus be a new agent for effectively treating cholesterol gallstone disease in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea DeLeon
- Department of ChemistrySaint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Joseph Gunn
- Department of ChemistrySaint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - McKenna Wilhelm
- Department of ChemistrySaint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Aidan Cole
- Department of ChemistrySaint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stacy Arnett
- Center for World Health and Medicine,Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - David Q-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Jiang P, Song Y, Xu JJ, Ma YL, Tang XF, Yao Y, Wang HH, Yang YJ, Gao RL, Qiao SB, Xu B, Yuan JQ, Zhang Y. [Long-term prognostic value of mean platelet volume in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:679-684. [PMID: 32187911 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between admission mean platelet volume (MPV) and 2-year cardiac mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and explored the consistence of this relationship in diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-DM subgroups. Method: A total of 4 293 patients who underwent PCI in Fuwai Hospital in 2013 were enrolled and divided into two groups according to MPV as follows: lower MPV (n=2 219, MPV≤10.5fL) and higher MPV (n=2 074, MPV>10.5fL). Result: Patients with high MPV had a higher rate of DM (30.4%(674/2 219) vs 34.5%(715/2 074)), smoking (53.3%(1 183/2219) vs 57.0%(1 182/2 074)), and previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (4.0%(88/2 219) vs 5.4%(112/2 074)), while left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (64±7 vs 63±7), and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (92±14 vs 91±15) were lower compared with patients in the low MPV group (all P<0.05). In the laboratory examination, patients with high MPV had higher glycosylated hemoglobin, and lower platelet count (all P<0.05). In coronary angiography, there was no significant difference in SYNTAX scores, left main/three-vessel lesions, stent type, success rate of operation, and total stent length (all P>0.05). Compared with low MPV group, patients with high MPV had ahigher cardiac mortality [18 (0.9%) vs 5 (0.2%), P=0.004]. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that compared to low MPV group, cardiac mortality in high MPV group was significantly higher (Log-rank P=0.004). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high MPV was independently associated with 2-year cardiac mortality (HR 4.127, 95%CI 1.373 to 12.405, P=0.012). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis also showed that MPV had a good diagnostic value in predicting 2-year cardiac mortality (area under the curve=0.624, 95%CI: 0.511-0.738, P=0.04). Subgroup analysis showed that in patients with DM (HR 2.090, 95%CI 1.217-3.589, P=0.008) and male (HR 1.561, 95%CI 1.007-2.421, P=0.047), MPV was significantly related with cardiac mortality. Conclusion: In patients with stable CAD who underwent elective PCI, high MPV was independently associated with an increase in 2-year cardiac mortality, especially in patients with DM and male gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Chin YPH, Hou ZY, Lee MY, Chu HM, Wang HH, Lin YT, Gittin A, Chien SC, Nguyen PA, Li LC, Chang TH, Li YCJ. A patient-oriented, general-practitioner-level, deep-learning-based cutaneous pigmented lesion risk classifier on a smartphone. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1498-1500. [PMID: 31907926 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y P H Chin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Z Y Hou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Y Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H M Chu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H H Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y T Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A Gittin
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S C Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P A Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L C Li
- International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T H Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Clinical Big Data Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C J Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Centre for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Wang HH, Liu M, Portincasa P, Wang DQH. Recent Advances in the Critical Role of the Sterol Efflux Transporters ABCG5/G8 in Health and Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; 1276:105-136. [PMID: 32705597 PMCID: PMC8118135 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, cell death, and fibrosis in the arterial wall and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cholesterol gallstone disease is caused by complex genetic and environmental factors and is one of the most prevalent and costly digestive diseases in the USA and Europe. Although sitosterolemia is a rare inherited lipid storage disease, its genetic studies led to identification of the sterol efflux transporters ABCG5/G8 that are located on chromosome 2p21 in humans and chromosome 17 in mice. Human and animal studies have clearly demonstrated that ABCG5/G8 play a critical role in regulating hepatic secretion and intestinal absorption of cholesterol and plant sterols. Sitosterolemia is caused by a mutation in either the ABCG5 or the ABCG8 gene alone, but not in both simultaneously. Polymorphisms in the ABCG5/G8 genes are associated with abnormal plasma cholesterol metabolism and may play a key role in the genetic determination of plasma cholesterol concentrations. Moreover, ABCG5/G8 is a new gallstone gene, LITH9. Gallstone-associated variants in ABCG5/G8 are involved in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones in European, Asian, and South American populations. In this chapter, we summarize the latest advances in the critical role of the sterol efflux transporters ABCG5/G8 in regulating hepatic secretion of biliary cholesterol, intestinal absorption of cholesterol and plant sterols, the classical reverse cholesterol transport, and the newly established transintestinal cholesterol excretion, as well as in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ABCG5/G8-related metabolic diseases such as sitosterolemia, cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Geng AL, Liu HG, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang HH, Chu Q, Yan ZX. Effects of indoor stocking density on performance, egg quality, and welfare status of a native chicken during 22 to 38 weeks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:163-171. [PMID: 32416797 PMCID: PMC7587707 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of indoor stocking density on performance, egg quality, and welfare status of a native chicken, Beijing You Chicken (BYC), during 22 to 38 wk. A total of 1,040 19-wk-old BYC pullets were randomly allocated to 4 groups (2 replicates each) and reared in 8 individual floor pens with separate covered shed and uncovered outdoor areas. The indoor stocking densities were 5, 6, 7, and 8 hens/m2, and the birds were fed corn-soybean based diets. The performance was calculated for 22 to 30, 30 to 38, and 22 to 38 wk, and egg quality indices were measured at the end of weeks 26, 29, and 36. The feather cover and gait score of the birds were assessed at the end of weeks 29 and 36. The results showed that average feed intake (AFI) and mortality rate of BYC in the 8 hens/m2 group were higher than other groups during 22 to 30 wk (P = 0.001 and P = 0.005); the egg mass and egg-laying rate were higher in groups with lower stocking density, in contrast to the feed egg ratio during 30 to 38 wk. The AFI, mortality rate, and 38-wk body weight were affected by stocking density during 22 to 38 wk (P < 0.05). Most of egg quality indices were not changed by stocking density (P > 0.05), except for individual indicators, such as Haugh unit at week 26 (P = 0.012) and egg grade at week 29 (P = 0.026). The feather cover and gait scores of birds were affected by indoor stocking density at 36 wk of age, with the 8 hens/m2 group having lower scores than the 5, 6, and 7 hens/m2 groups (P = 0.042 and P = 0.039), whereas the 7 hens/m2 groups having no difference with the 5 and 6 hens/m2 groups (P > 0.05). Overall, the results suggested that the performance and egg quality of BYC were not significantly affected by equal to or less than 7 hens/m2 under this system (P > 0.05), but 8 hens/m2 had an adverse effect on the performance and welfare status of the native chicken during 22 to 38 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Geng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China.
| | - H G Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - H H Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Q Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
| | - Z X Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
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Wang HH, Portincasa P, Wang DQH. Update on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Effect of Cholecystokinin and Cholecystokinin-1 Receptor on the Formation of Cholesterol Gallstones. Curr Med Chem 2019. [PMID: 28625150 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170619104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is an important neuro-intestinal peptide hormone produced by the enteroendocrine I-cells in the upper part of small intestine. Protein- and fat-enriched food plays an important role in triggering CCK secretion from the intestine. Carbohydrates stimulate only small amounts of CCK release. The CCK-1 receptor (CCK-1R) is largely localized in the gallbladder, sphincter of Oddi, pancreas, small intestine, gastric mucosa, and pyloric sphincter, where it is responsible for CCK to regulate multiple digestive processes including gallbladder contraction, pancreatic secretion, small intestinal transit, and gastric emptying. Accumulated evidence clearly demonstrates that CCK regulates gallbladder and small intestinal motility through CCK-1R signaling cascade and the effect of CCK-1R on small intestinal transit is a physiological response for regulating intestinal cholesterol absorption. Disruption of the Cck or the Cck-1r gene in mice significantly increases the formation of cholesterol gallstones by disrupting gallbladder emptying and biliary cholesterol metabolism, as well as promoting intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Abnormalities in gallbladder motility function in response to exogenously administered CCK are found primarily in patients with cholesterol gallstones. Patients with pigment gallstones display an intermediate degree of gallbladder motility defect without gallbladder inflammation and enlarged fasting gallbladder. Dysfunctional gallbladder contractility has been found under several conditions such as pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, celiac disease, and total parenteral nutrition although gallstones are not observed. The gallbladder-specific CCK-1R-selective agonist may lead to an efficacious novel way for preventing gallstone formation by promoting gallbladder emptying, particularly for pregnant women and subjects with dysfunctional gallbladder motility function such as celiac patients, as well as patients with total parenteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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Gu JL, Li J, Liu JR, Zou WY, Huang BH, Zheng D, Wang HH. [High dose melphalan (HDM) is superior to cyclophosphamide plus etoposide and busulfan (CVB) as the conditioning regimen in autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:732-737. [PMID: 31648473 PMCID: PMC7342454 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
目的 比较大剂量美法仑(HDM)和环磷酰胺、依托泊苷联合白消安(CVB)预处理方案应用于新诊断多发性骨髓瘤(NDMM)患者自体造血干细胞移植(ASCT)的安全性、近期及远期疗效。 方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2017年8月期间接受PAD(硼替佐米+脂质体阿霉素+地塞米松)方案诱导治疗序贯ASCT的NDMM患者共123例,按接受预处理方案分为CVB组(82例)和HDM组(41例)。 结果 ①非血液学不良反应方面两者无显著区别。②CVB组中性粒细胞植入和血小板植入较HDM组快,中性粒细胞植入时间为第10(9~35)天对第11(9~12)天(z=−3.433,P=0.001);血小板植入时间为11(7~55)d对HDM组13(10~35)d(z=−3.506,P<0.001);但CVB组也更早进入粒细胞缺乏(粒缺)及显著血小板减少,最终粒缺及显著血小板减少持续时间两组间尚未显示出差别;但CVB组的发热持续时间以及相应抗生素使用时间显著延长。③CVB组经过移植后获得传统疗效进步的患者比例显著低于HDM组(9/46对14/28,P=0.021);而且移植后3个月CVB组的微小残留病(MRD)阴性率有低于HDM组的趋势(31.7%对48.8%,P=0.065)。④无论单因素还是多因素分析均显示两种预处理方案并不影响接受PAD诱导序贯ASCT及维持治疗的NDMM患者的至进展时间(TTP)(P= 0.619)及总生存(OS)时间(P=0.295)。 结论 HDM预处理方案血液学不良反应、减低MM肿瘤负荷以及使用方便性方面较CVB方案具有优势,但采用两种预处理方案的ASCT治疗MM的TTP和OS未见明显差异。
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Tang XF, Song Y, Xu JJ, Wang HH, Jiang L, Jiang P, Yao Y, Zhao XY, Gao Z, Yang YJ, Qiao SB, Gao RL, Xu B, Yuan JQ. [Clinical characteristics and prognosis between male and female patients with premature coronary artery disease after intervention]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2019; 47:798-805. [PMID: 31648462 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis between male and female patients with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) post coronary intervention, and analyse the risk factors of major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and bleeding events. Methods: This was a prospective single-center observational study. From January 2013 to December 2013, 4 744 patients diagnosed as PCAD and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Fuwai Hospital were enrolled. The general clinical data, laboratory results and interventional treatment data of all patients were collected, and patients were followed up for 2 years after PCI and the incidence of events including MACCE and bleeding was analyzed. The baseline data and clinical events of PCAD patients of different genders were compared. Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze whether gender was an influencing factor of different clinical events of PCAD patients within 2 years after PCI, and other relevant influencing factors of MACCE and bleeding events. Results: Among the 4 744 PCAD patients included, there were 3 390 (71.5%) male aged (47.0±5.4) years old and 1 354 (28.5%) female aged (57.0±5.8) years old. Compared with female patients, male patients had higher body mass index, higher proportion of hyperlipidemia, smoking, myocardial infarction, previous PCI, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, radial artery approach, intravenous ultrasound use and chronic occlusive lesions (all P<0.05). Age, left ventricular ejection fraction, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, past stroke history, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and the use of calcium channel blockers were lower in male patients than in female patients (all P<0.05). The 2-year follow-up results showed that the incidence of BARC type 1 hemorrhage was significantly higher in female patients than in male patients (6.9%(92/1 343) vs. 3.7%(126/3 378), P<0.001); however, the incidence of MACCE, all-cause death, cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, revascularization (target vessel revascularization and target lesion revascularization), stent thrombosis, stroke and BARC type 2-5 hemorrhage were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that gender was an independent risk factor for BARC type 1 bleeding in PCAD patients (HR=2.180, 95%CI 1.392-3.416, P<0.001), but it was not an independent risk factor for MACCE and BARC type 2-5 bleeding(all P>0.05). Hyperlipidemia, preoperative SYNTAX score, multivessel lesions and NSTE-ACS were the independent risk factors for MACCE in PCAD patients with PCI (the HRs(95%CI) were 1.289(1.052-1.580), 1.030(1.019-1.042), 1.758(1.365-2.264), 1.264(1.040-1.537), respectively); gender (HR=1.579, 95%CI 1.085-2.297, P=0.017), hyperlipidemia (HR=1.305, 95%CI 1.005-1.695, P=0.046), anticoagulant drugs including low molecular weight heparin (HR=1.321, 95%CI 1.002-1.741, P=0.048) or sulfonate(HR=1.659, 95%CI 1.198-2.298, P=0.002) were the independent risk factors for bleeding events. Conclusions: There are differences in clinical and coronary artery lesion characteristics between different genders in patients with PCAD. The incidence of minor bleeding is significantly higher in female PCAD patients than in male PCAD patients. Hyperlipidemia, preoperative SYNTAX score, multivessel lesions and NSTE-ACS are the independent risk factors for MACCE, and gender, hyperlipidemia, anticoagulant drugs including low molecular weight heparin or sulfonate are the independent risk factors for bleeding events in patients with PCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - J J Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - H H Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - P Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Y Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - X Y Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Z Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Y J Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - S B Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - R L Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - B Xu
- Interventional Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - J Q Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Ablikim M, Achasov MN, Adlarson P, Ahmed S, Albrecht M, Alekseev M, Amoroso A, An FF, An Q, Bai Y, Bakina O, Baldini Ferroli R, Ban Y, Begzsuren K, Bennett JV, Berger N, Bertani M, Bettoni D, Bianchi F, Biernat J, Bloms J, Boyko I, Briere RA, Cai H, Cai X, Calcaterra A, Cao GF, Cao N, Cetin SA, Chai J, Chang JF, Chang WL, Chelkov G, Chen DY, Chen G, Chen HS, Chen JC, Chen ML, Chen SJ, Chen YB, Cheng W, Cibinetto G, Cossio F, Cui XF, Dai HL, Dai JP, Dai XC, Dbeyssi A, Dedovich D, Deng ZY, Denig A, Denysenko I, Destefanis M, De Mori F, Ding Y, Dong C, Dong J, Dong LY, Dong MY, Dou ZL, Du SX, Fan JZ, Fang J, Fang SS, Fang Y, Farinelli R, Fava L, Feldbauer F, Felici G, Feng CQ, Fritsch M, Fu CD, Fu Y, Gao Q, Gao XL, Gao Y, Gao Y, Gao YG, Gao Z, Garillon B, Garzia I, Gersabeck EM, Gilman A, Goetzen K, Gong L, Gong WX, Gradl W, Greco M, Gu LM, Gu MH, Gu S, Gu YT, Guo AQ, Guo LB, Guo RP, Guo YP, Guskov A, Han S, Hao XQ, Harris FA, He KL, Heinsius FH, Held T, Heng YK, Hou YR, Hou ZL, Hu HM, Hu JF, Hu T, Hu Y, Huang GS, Huang JS, Huang XT, Huang XZ, Huesken N, Hussain T, Ikegami Andersson W, Imoehl W, Irshad M, Ji Q, Ji QP, Ji XB, Ji XL, Jiang HL, Jiang XS, Jiang XY, Jiao JB, Jiao Z, Jin DP, Jin S, Jin Y, Johansson T, Kalantar-Nayestanaki N, Kang XS, Kappert R, Kavatsyuk M, Ke BC, Keshk IK, Khan T, Khoukaz A, Kiese P, Kiuchi R, Kliemt R, Koch L, Kolcu OB, Kopf B, Kuemmel M, Kuessner M, Kupsc A, Kurth M, Kurth MG, Kühn W, Lange JS, Larin P, Lavezzi L, Leithoff H, Lenz T, Li C, Li C, Li DM, Li F, Li FY, Li G, Li HB, Li HJ, Li JC, Li JW, Li K, Li LK, Li L, Li PL, Li PR, Li QY, Li WD, Li WG, Li XH, Li XL, Li XN, Li XQ, Li ZB, Li ZY, Liang H, Liang H, Liang YF, Liang YT, Liao GR, Liao LZ, Libby J, Lin CX, Lin DX, Lin YJ, Liu B, Liu BJ, Liu CX, Liu D, Liu DY, Liu FH, Liu F, Liu F, Liu HB, Liu HM, Liu H, Liu H, Liu JB, Liu JY, Liu KY, Liu K, Liu Q, Liu SB, Liu T, Liu X, Liu XY, Liu YB, Liu ZA, Liu Z, Long YF, Lou XC, Lu HJ, Lu JD, Lu JG, Lu Y, Lu YP, Luo CL, Luo MX, Luo PW, Luo T, Luo XL, Lusso S, Lyu XR, Ma FC, Ma HL, Ma LL, Ma MM, Ma QM, Ma XN, Ma XX, Ma XY, Ma YM, Maas FE, Maggiora M, Maldaner S, Malde S, Malik QA, Mangoni A, Mao YJ, Mao ZP, Marcello S, Meng ZX, Messchendorp JG, Mezzadri G, Min J, Min TJ, Mitchell RE, Mo XH, Mo YJ, Morales Morales C, Muchnoi NY, Muramatsu H, Mustafa A, Nakhoul S, Nefedov Y, Nerling F, Nikolaev IB, Ning Z, Nisar S, Niu SL, Olsen SL, Ouyang Q, Pacetti S, Pan Y, Papenbrock M, Patteri P, Pelizaeus M, Peng HP, Peters K, Pettersson J, Ping JL, Ping RG, Pitka A, Poling R, Prasad V, Qi M, Qi TY, Qian S, Qiao CF, Qin N, Qin XP, Qin XS, Qin ZH, Qiu JF, Qu SQ, Rashid KH, Redmer CF, Richter M, Ripka M, Rivetti A, Rodin V, Rolo M, Rong G, Rosner C, Rump M, Sarantsev A, Savrié M, Schoenning K, Shan W, Shan XY, Shao M, Shen CP, Shen PX, Shen XY, Sheng HY, Shi X, Shi XD, Song JJ, Song QQ, Song XY, Sosio S, Sowa C, Spataro S, Sui FF, Sun GX, Sun JF, Sun L, Sun SS, Sun XH, Sun YJ, Sun YK, Sun YZ, Sun ZJ, Sun ZT, Tan YT, Tang CJ, Tang GY, Tang X, Thoren V, Tsednee B, Uman I, Wang B, Wang BL, Wang CW, Wang DY, Wang HH, Wang K, Wang LL, Wang LS, Wang M, Wang MZ, Wang M, Wang PL, Wang RM, Wang WP, Wang X, Wang XF, Wang XL, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang ZG, Wang ZY, Wang Z, Weber T, Wei DH, Weidenkaff P, Wen HW, Wen SP, Wiedner U, Wilkinson G, Wolke M, Wu LH, Wu LJ, Wu Z, Xia L, Xia Y, Xiao SY, Xiao YJ, Xiao ZJ, Xie YG, Xie YH, Xing TY, Xiong XA, Xiu QL, Xu GF, Xu JJ, Xu L, Xu QJ, Xu W, Xu XP, Yan F, Yan L, Yan WB, Yan WC, Yan YH, Yang HJ, Yang HX, Yang L, Yang RX, Yang SL, Yang YH, Yang YX, Yang Y, Yang ZQ, Ye M, Ye MH, Yin JH, You ZY, Yu BX, Yu CX, Yu JS, Yuan CZ, Yuan XQ, Yuan Y, Yuncu A, Zafar AA, Zeng Y, Zhang BX, Zhang BY, Zhang CC, Zhang DH, Zhang HH, Zhang HY, Zhang J, Zhang JL, Zhang JQ, Zhang JW, Zhang JY, Zhang JZ, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhang SF, Zhang TJ, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhang YH, Zhang YT, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZH, Zhang ZP, Zhang ZY, Zhao G, Zhao JW, Zhao JY, Zhao JZ, Zhao L, Zhao L, Zhao MG, Zhao Q, Zhao SJ, Zhao TC, Zhao YB, Zhao ZG, Zhemchugov A, Zheng B, Zheng JP, Zheng Y, Zheng YH, Zhong B, Zhou L, Zhou LP, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zhou XK, Zhou XR, Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhu AN, Zhu J, Zhu J, Zhu K, Zhu KJ, Zhu SH, Zhu WJ, Zhu XL, Zhu YC, Zhu YS, Zhu ZA, Zhuang J, Zou BS, Zou JH. Complete Measurement of the Λ Electromagnetic Form Factors. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:122003. [PMID: 31633986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exclusive process e^{+}e^{-}→ΛΛ[over ¯], with Λ→pπ^{-} and Λ[over ¯]→p[over ¯]π^{+}, has been studied at sqrt[s]=2.396 GeV for measurement of the timelike Λ electric and magnetic form factors, G_{E} and G_{M}. A data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 66.9 pb^{-1}, was collected with the BESIII detector for this purpose. A multidimensional analysis with a complete decomposition of the spin structure of the reaction enables a determination of the modulus of the ratio R=|G_{E}/G_{M}| and, for the first time for any baryon, the relative phase ΔΦ=Φ_{E}-Φ_{M}. The resulting values are R=0.96±0.14(stat)±0.02(syst) and ΔΦ=37°±12°(stat)±6°(syst), respectively. These are obtained using the recently established and most precise value of the asymmetry parameter α_{Λ}=0.750±0.010 measured by BESIII. In addition, the cross section is measured with unprecedented precision to be σ=118.7±5.3(stat)±5.1(syst) pb, which corresponds to an effective form factor of |G|=0.123±0.003(stat)±0.003(syst). The contribution from two-photon exchange is found to be negligible. Our result enables the first complete determination of baryon timelike electromagnetic form factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ablikim
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M N Achasov
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - P Adlarson
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Ahmed
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Albrecht
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Alekseev
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - A Amoroso
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - F F An
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Bai
- Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - O Bakina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | | | - Y Ban
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - K Begzsuren
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Peace Avenue 54B, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - J V Bennett
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - N Berger
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bertani
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - J Biernat
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Bloms
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - I Boyko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - R A Briere
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - H Cai
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X Cai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - N Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S A Cetin
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J Chai
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W L Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chelkov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - D Y Chen
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M L Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S J Chen
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | | | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - X F Cui
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Dai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Dai
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - X C Dai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Dbeyssi
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Z Y Deng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Denysenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - M Destefanis
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Y Ding
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - C Dong
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L Y Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Y Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Dou
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - S X Du
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - J Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R Farinelli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- University of Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Fava
- University of Eastern Piedmont, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - F Feldbauer
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Felici
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C Q Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Fritsch
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C D Fu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Fu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Gao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Gao
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Gao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Gao
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - B Garillon
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E M Gersabeck
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Gilman
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K Goetzen
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Gong
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - W X Gong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Greco
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - L M Gu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Gu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S Gu
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Gu
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - A Q Guo
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - L B Guo
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - R P Guo
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Guo
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Guskov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - S Han
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Hao
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - F A Harris
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K L He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - T Held
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Y K Heng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y R Hou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Hou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H M Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - T Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - G S Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J S Huang
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - X T Huang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X Z Huang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - N Huesken
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - T Hussain
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | | | - W Imoehl
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - M Irshad
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q P Ji
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - X B Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Jiang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X S Jiang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Jiang
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Jiao
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Jiao
- Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People's Republic of China
| | - D P Jin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Jin
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Jin
- University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - T Johansson
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - X S Kang
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - R Kappert
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Kavatsyuk
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - B C Ke
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - I K Keshk
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Khoukaz
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - P Kiese
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kiuchi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R Kliemt
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Koch
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - O B Kolcu
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Kopf
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kuemmel
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kuessner
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kupsc
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Kurth
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M G Kurth
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - W Kühn
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - J S Lange
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P Larin
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - H Leithoff
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Lenz
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Li
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - D M Li
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - F Y Li
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - G Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Li
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Li
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L K Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, People's Republic of China
| | - P L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - P R Li
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Y Li
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - W D Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - W G Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Li
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X N Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Li
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Z B Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Liang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Liang
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - G R Liao
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - L Z Liao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Libby
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - C X Lin
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - D X Lin
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y J Lin
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - B Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - B J Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C X Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - D Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - D Y Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - F H Liu
- Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Liu
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - H M Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Y Liu
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - T Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Liu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Z A Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Long
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - X C Lou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Lu
- Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People's Republic of China
| | - J D Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C L Luo
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - M X Luo
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - P W Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - T Luo
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Luo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | | | - X R Lyu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - F C Ma
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Ma
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - M M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X N Ma
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X X Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y M Ma
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - F E Maas
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Maggiora
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - S Maldaner
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Malde
- University of Oxford, Keble Rd, Oxford OX13RH, United Kingdom
| | - Q A Malik
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - A Mangoni
- INFN and University of Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y J Mao
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Z P Mao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Marcello
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Z X Meng
- University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Messchendorp
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - G Mezzadri
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Min
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Min
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - R E Mitchell
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - X H Mo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Mo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - C Morales Morales
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Yu Muchnoi
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - H Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Mustafa
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Nakhoul
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Nefedov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - F Nerling
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I B Nikolaev
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Z Ning
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S Nisar
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S L Niu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Olsen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ouyang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Pacetti
- INFN and University of Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Papenbrock
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Pelizaeus
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H P Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - K Peters
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Pettersson
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J L Ping
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - R G Ping
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Pitka
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Poling
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Prasad
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Qi
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - T Y Qi
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - S Qian
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C F Qiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - N Qin
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X P Qin
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - X S Qin
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Z H Qin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Qiu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Q Qu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - K H Rashid
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - C F Redmer
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Ripka
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - V Rodin
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Rolo
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - G Rong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ch Rosner
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Rump
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - A Sarantsev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - M Savrié
- University of Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - K Schoenning
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W Shan
- Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C P Shen
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - P X Shen
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Shen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Sheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Shi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X D Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Song
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Q Song
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Song
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Sosio
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - C Sowa
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Spataro
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - F F Sui
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - G X Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Sun
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - L Sun
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X H Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y K Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Z Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z J Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C J Tang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - G Y Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - V Thoren
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Tsednee
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Peace Avenue 54B, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - I Uman
- Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - B Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B L Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C W Wang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - D Y Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - H H Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - K Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L S Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - M Z Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - P L Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R M Wang
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - W P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - X F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z G Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyuan Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - T Weber
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D H Wei
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - P Weidenkaff
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H W Wen
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - S P Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - U Wiedner
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Wilkinson
- University of Oxford, Keble Rd, Oxford OX13RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Wolke
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L H Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L J Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Xia
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - S Y Xiao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Xiao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z J Xiao
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Xie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Xie
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - T Y Xing
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X A Xiong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q L Xiu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - G F Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Xu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - L Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q J Xu
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - W Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X P Xu
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - F Yan
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yan
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - W B Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W C Yan
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yan
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - H X Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yang
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - R X Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y X Yang
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Q Yang
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - M Ye
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Ye
- China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y You
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - B X Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C X Yu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J S Yu
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - C Z Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Yuan
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Yuncu
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A A Zafar
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Y Zeng
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - B X Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - D H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H H Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Zhang
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Q Zhang
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - S F Zhang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z H Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M G Zhao
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S J Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - T C Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z G Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Zhemchugov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - B Zheng
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zheng
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhong
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L P Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhou
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X K Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - A N Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K J Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S H Zhu
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, People's Republic of China
| | - W J Zhu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y C Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y S Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z A Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - B S Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Suo LD, Zhao D, Pan JB, Wang YC, Wang Q, Wang HH, Peng XH, Wang X, Zhu ZL, Wang YF, Pang XH, Lu L. [Analysis of herpes zoster incidence and hospitalization in three areas of Beijing in 2015 based on health information system of medical institutions]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 53:503-507. [PMID: 31091609 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Using data of health information system (HIS) of medical institutions to study the incidence and hospitalization of herpes zoster in three districts of Beijing. Methods: According to the different level of economic development and geographical features in Beijing, 3 districts of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun were chosen and all 110 medical institutions of the first level and above in the 3 districts are included in the survey. All the outpatient and inpatient herpes zoster cases in 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by HIS system. After distinguishing the reduplicated cases, Using the first outpatient case as a molecule and the resident population as denominator to estimate the annual incidence rate, as well as the annual hospitalization rate was estimated based on primary diagnostic hospitalized cases as molecule and the resident population as denominator. Results: A total of 32 313 primary visit outpatient cases were investigated, of which 18 360 cases (56.8%) were women and 20 923 cases (64.8%) were ≥50 years old. The overall estimated incidence of the 3 districts was 8.8‰ with an increase trends with age and reached to the highest in ≥80 years old (30.5/1 000). The incidence of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun districts are respectively 16.2‰, 4.0‰ and 5.7‰. A total of 701 primary visit inpatient cases were identified, of which 366 cases (52.2%) were women and 651 cases (92.9%) were ≥50 years old. The estimated annual hospitalization rate was 19.4/100 000, with the primary and secondary diagnostic hospitalization rate are respectively 5.9/100 000 (212 cases) and 13.5/100 000 (489 cases). The disease types of secondary diagnostic inpatient herpes zoster cases were as follows: cardiovascular disease (19.0%, 93 cases), stroke (14.5%, 71 cases), pneumonia/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.1%, 69 cases), tumor (12.5%, 61 cases) and diabetes (5.7%, 28 cases). Conclusion: Most of the herpes zoster cases in Beijing are over 50 years old, and the incidence of female is slightly higher than male. This disease should become a public health issue of great concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Suo
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control/ Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - D Zhao
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control/ Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - J B Pan
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control/ Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Y C Wang
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission, Disease Control Department, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Q Wang
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Xicheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100120, China
| | - H H Wang
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Changping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100220, China
| | - X H Peng
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Miyun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101500, China
| | - X Wang
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Xicheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Z L Zhu
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Changping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100220, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Miyun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101500, China
| | - X H Pang
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control/ Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - L Lu
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control/ Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
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47
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Wu Q, Liu JR, Huang BH, Zou WY, Gu JL, Chen ML, Kuang LF, Zheng D, Xu DR, Zhou ZH, Wang HH, Su C, Tong XZ, Li J. [Bortezomib-based induction chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and maintenance in 200 patients with multiple myeloma: long-term follow-up results from single center]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:453-459. [PMID: 31340616 PMCID: PMC7342406 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the efficacy, safety and long-term outcomes of integrated strategy of bortezomib-based induction regimens followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell (ASCT) and maintenance therapy in Chinese multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Methods: 200 MM patients receiving integrated strategy of bortezomib--based induction regimens followed by ASCT and maintenance therapy were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed from December 1. 2006 to April 30. 2018. Results: The complete remission rates (CR) and better than very good partial remission rates (VGPR) after induction therapy, transplantation and maintenance therapy were respectively 31% and 75.5%, 51.8% and 87.7%,73.6% and 93.4%. There was no difference between 4 cycles and more than 5 cycles induction chemotherapy. The negative rate of MRD detection by flow cytometry was 17.6% and 38.2% respectively after induction and 3 months after transplantation. The negative rate of MRD gradually increased during the maintenance therapy. The success rate of high dose CTX combined with G-CSF mobilization was 95.5% and transplantation related mortality (TRM) was zero. The median time to progress (TTP) was 75.3 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 99.5 months. TTP of patients obtaining CR and negative MRD after induction were longer that those of no CR and positive MRD. TTP and OS of patients receiving triple-drug induction and ASCT in early stage were longer than those of double-drug induction and ASCT in late stage. LDH≥240 U/L, high risk cytogenetics, ISS II+III stage and HBsAg positive were prognostic factors at diagnosis. However, only MRD and high risk cytogenetics were independent prognostic factors after transplantation and maintenance therapy. The clinical characteristics of patients of TTP ≥6 years were listed below: light-chain type M protein, ISS I stage, normal level of hemoglobin and platelet, normal LDH, HBsAg negative, chromosome 17p-negative, good response and sustained good response. Conclusions: Integrated strategy of bortezomib-based induction regimens followed by ASCT and maintenance therapy can significantly improve the short-term and long-term efficacy. The prognostic factors of TTP in different disease stages were different. Response to treatment, especially MRD, played a more important role in prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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48
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Ablikim M, Achasov MN, Adlarson P, Ahmed S, Albrecht M, Alekseev M, Amoroso A, An FF, An Q, Bai Y, Bakina O, Ferroli RB, Ban Y, Begzsuren K, Bennett JV, Berger N, Bertani M, Bettoni D, Bianchi F, Biernat J, Bloms J, Boyko I, Briere RA, Cai H, Cai X, Calcaterra A, Cao GF, Cao N, Cetin SA, Chai J, Chang JF, Chang WL, Chelkov G, Chen DY, Chen G, Chen HS, Chen JC, Chen ML, Chen SJ, Chen YB, Cheng W, Cibinetto G, Cossio F, Cui XF, Dai HL, Dai JP, Dai XC, Dbeyssi A, Dedovich D, Deng ZY, Denig A, Denysenko I, Destefanis M, De Mori F, Ding Y, Dong C, Dong J, Dong LY, Dong MY, Dou ZL, Du SX, Fan JZ, Fang J, Fang SS, Fang Y, Farinelli R, Fava L, Feldbauer F, Felici G, Feng CQ, Fritsch M, Fu CD, Fu Y, Gao Q, Gao XL, Gao Y, Gao Y, Gao YG, Gao Z, Garillon B, Garzia I, Gersabeck EM, Gilman A, Goetzen K, Gong L, Gong WX, Gradl W, Greco M, Gu LM, Gu MH, Gu S, Gu YT, Guo AQ, Guo LB, Guo RP, Guo YP, Guskov A, Han S, Hao XQ, Harris FA, He KL, Heinsius FH, Held T, Heng YK, Hou YR, Hou ZL, Hu HM, Hu JF, Hu T, Hu Y, Huang GS, Huang JS, Huang XT, Huang XZ, Huesken N, Hussain T, Andersson WI, Imoehl W, Irshad M, Ji Q, Ji QP, Ji XB, Ji XL, Jiang HL, Jiang XS, Jiang XY, Jiao JB, Jiao Z, Jin DP, Jin S, Jin Y, Johansson T, Kalantar-Nayestanaki N, Kang XS, Kappert R, Kavatsyuk M, Ke BC, Keshk IK, Khan T, Khoukaz A, Kiese P, Kiuchi R, Kliemt R, Koch L, Kolcu OB, Kopf B, Kuemmel M, Kuessner M, Kupsc A, Kurth M, Kurth MG, Kühn W, Lange JS, Larin P, Lavezzi L, Leithoff H, Lenz T, Li C, Li C, Li DM, Li F, Li FY, Li G, Li HB, Li HJ, Li JC, Li JW, Li K, Li LK, Li L, Li PL, Li PR, Li QY, Li WD, Li WG, Li XH, Li XL, Li XN, Li XQ, Li ZB, Liang H, Liang H, Liang YF, Liang YT, Liao GR, Liao LZ, Libby J, Lin CX, Lin DX, Lin YJ, Liu B, Liu BJ, Liu CX, Liu D, Liu DY, Liu FH, Liu F, Liu F, Liu HB, Liu HM, Liu H, Liu H, Liu JB, Liu JY, Liu KY, Liu K, Liu Q, Liu SB, Liu T, Liu X, Liu XY, Liu YB, Liu ZA, Liu Z, Long YF, Lou XC, Lu HJ, Lu JD, Lu JG, Lu Y, Lu YP, Luo CL, Luo MX, Luo PW, Luo T, Luo XL, Lusso S, Lyu XR, Ma FC, Ma HL, Ma LL, Ma MM, Ma QM, Ma XN, Ma XX, Ma XY, Ma YM, Maas FE, Maggiora M, Maldaner S, Malde S, Malik QA, Mangoni A, Mao YJ, Mao ZP, Marcello S, Meng ZX, Messchendorp JG, Mezzadri G, Min J, Min TJ, Mitchell RE, Mo XH, Mo YJ, Morales CM, Muchnoi NY, Muramatsu H, Mustafa A, Nakhoul S, Nefedov Y, Nerling F, Nikolaev IB, Ning Z, Nisar S, Niu SL, Olsen SL, Ouyang Q, Pacetti S, Pan Y, Papenbrock M, Patteri P, Pelizaeus M, Peng HP, Peters K, Pettersson J, Ping JL, Ping RG, Pitka A, Poling R, Prasad V, Qi M, Qi TY, Qian S, Qiao CF, Qin N, Qin XP, Qin XS, Qin ZH, Qiu JF, Qu SQ, Rashid KH, Ravindran K, Redmer CF, Richter M, Ripka M, Rivetti A, Rodin V, Rolo M, Rong G, Rosner C, Rump M, Sarantsev A, Savri M, Schoenning K, Shan W, Shan XY, Shao M, Shen CP, Shen PX, Shen XY, Sheng HY, Shi X, Shi XD, Song JJ, Song QQ, Song XY, Sosio S, Sowa C, Spataro S, Sui FF, Sun GX, Sun JF, Sun L, Sun SS, Sun XH, Sun YJ, Sun YK, Sun YZ, Sun ZJ, Sun ZT, Tan YT, Tang CJ, Tang GY, Tang X, Thoren V, Tsednee B, Uman I, Wang B, Wang BL, Wang CW, Wang DY, Wang HH, Wang K, Wang LL, Wang LS, Wang M, Wang MZ, Wang M, Wang PL, Wang RM, Wang WP, Wang X, Wang XF, Wang XL, Wang Y, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang ZG, Wang ZY, Wang Z, Weber T, Wei DH, Weidenkaff P, Wen HW, Wen SP, Wiedner U, Wilkinson G, Wolke M, Wu LH, Wu LJ, Wu Z, Xia L, Xia Y, Xiao SY, Xiao YJ, Xiao ZJ, Xie YG, Xie YH, Xing TY, Xiong XA, Xiu QL, Xu GF, Xu JJ, Xu L, Xu QJ, Xu W, Xu XP, Yan F, Yan L, Yan WB, Yan WC, Yan YH, Yang HJ, Yang HX, Yang L, Yang RX, Yang SL, Yang YH, Yang YX, Yang Y, Yang ZQ, Ye M, Ye MH, Yin JH, You ZY, Yu BX, Yu CX, Yu JS, Yuan CZ, Yuan XQ, Yuan Y, Yuncu A, Zafar AA, Zeng Y, Zhang BX, Zhang BY, Zhang CC, Zhang DH, Zhang HH, Zhang HY, Zhang J, Zhang JL, Zhang JQ, Zhang JW, Zhang JY, Zhang JZ, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhang SF, Zhang TJ, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhang YH, Zhang YT, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZH, Zhang ZP, Zhang ZY, Zhao G, Zhao JW, Zhao JY, Zhao JZ, Zhao L, Zhao L, Zhao MG, Zhao Q, Zhao SJ, Zhao TC, Zhao YB, Zhao ZG, Zhemchugov A, Zheng B, Zheng JP, Zheng Y, Zheng YH, Zhong B, Zhou L, Zhou LP, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zhou XK, Zhou XR, Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhu AN, Zhu J, Zhu J, Zhu K, Zhu KJ, Zhu SH, Zhu WJ, Zhu XL, Zhu YC, Zhu YS, Zhu ZA, Zhuang J, Zou BS, Zou JH. Study of e^{+}e^{-}→γωJ/ψ and Observation of X(3872)→ωJ/ψ. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:232002. [PMID: 31298909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.232002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the e^{+}e^{-}→γωJ/ψ process using 11.6 fb^{-1} e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data taken at center-of-mass energies from sqrt[s]=4.008 GeV to 4.600 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring. The X(3872) resonance is observed for the first time in the ωJ/ψ system with a significance of more than 5σ. The relative decay ratio of X(3872)→ωJ/ψ and π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ is measured to be R=1.6_{-0.3}^{+0.4}±0.2, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic (the same hereafter). The sqrt[s]-dependent cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→γX(3872) is also measured and investigated, and it can be described by a single Breit-Wigner resonance, referred to as the Y(4200), with a mass of 4200.6_{-13.3}^{+7.9}±3.0 MeV/c^{2} and a width of 115_{-26}^{+38}±12 MeV. In addition, to describe the ωJ/ψ mass distribution above 3.9 GeV/c^{2}, we need at least one additional Breit-Wigner resonance, labeled as X(3915), in the fit. The mass and width of the X(3915) are determined. The resonant parameters of the X(3915) agree with those of the Y(3940) in B→KωJ/ψ and of the X(3915) in γγ→ωJ/ψ observed by the Belle and BABAR experiments within errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ablikim
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M N Achasov
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - P Adlarson
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Ahmed
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Albrecht
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Alekseev
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - A Amoroso
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - F F An
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Bai
- Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - O Bakina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | | | - Y Ban
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - K Begzsuren
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Peace Ave. 54B, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - J V Bennett
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - N Berger
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bertani
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - J Biernat
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Bloms
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - I Boyko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - R A Briere
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - H Cai
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X Cai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - N Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S A Cetin
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J Chai
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W L Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chelkov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - D Y Chen
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M L Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S J Chen
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | | | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - X F Cui
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Dai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Dai
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - X C Dai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Dbeyssi
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Z Y Deng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Denysenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - M Destefanis
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Y Ding
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - C Dong
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L Y Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Y Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Dou
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - S X Du
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - J Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R Farinelli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- University of Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Fava
- University of Eastern Piedmont, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - F Feldbauer
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Felici
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C Q Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Fritsch
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C D Fu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Fu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Gao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Gao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Gao
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Gao
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - B Garillon
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E M Gersabeck
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Gilman
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K Goetzen
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Gong
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - W X Gong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Greco
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - L M Gu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Gu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S Gu
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Gu
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - A Q Guo
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - L B Guo
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - R P Guo
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Guo
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Guskov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - S Han
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Hao
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - F A Harris
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K L He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - T Held
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Y K Heng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y R Hou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Hou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H M Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - T Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - G S Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J S Huang
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - X T Huang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X Z Huang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - N Huesken
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - T Hussain
- University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - W Imoehl
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - M Irshad
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q P Ji
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - X B Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Jiang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X S Jiang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Jiang
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Jiao
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Jiao
- Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People's Republic of China
| | - D P Jin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Jin
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Jin
- University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - T Johansson
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - X S Kang
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - R Kappert
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Kavatsyuk
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - B C Ke
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - I K Keshk
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Khoukaz
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - P Kiese
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kiuchi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R Kliemt
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Koch
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - O B Kolcu
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Kopf
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kuemmel
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kuessner
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kupsc
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Kurth
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M G Kurth
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - W Kühn
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - J S Lange
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P Larin
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - H Leithoff
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Lenz
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Li
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - D M Li
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - F Y Li
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - G Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Li
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Li
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L K Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, People's Republic of China
| | - P L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - P R Li
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Y Li
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - W D Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - W G Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Li
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X N Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Li
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Z B Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Liang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Liang
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - G R Liao
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - L Z Liao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Libby
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - C X Lin
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - D X Lin
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y J Lin
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - B Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - B J Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C X Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - D Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - D Y Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - F H Liu
- Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Liu
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - H M Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Y Liu
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - T Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Liu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Z A Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Long
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - X C Lou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Lu
- Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People's Republic of China
| | - J D Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C L Luo
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - M X Luo
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - P W Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - T Luo
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Luo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | | | - X R Lyu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - F C Ma
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Ma
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - M M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X N Ma
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X X Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y M Ma
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - F E Maas
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Maggiora
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - S Maldaner
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Malde
- University of Oxford, Keble Rd, Oxford OX13RH, United Kingdom
| | - Q A Malik
- University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - A Mangoni
- INFN and University of Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y J Mao
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Z P Mao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Marcello
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Z X Meng
- University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Messchendorp
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - G Mezzadri
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Min
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Min
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - R E Mitchell
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - X H Mo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Mo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - C Morales Morales
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Yu Muchnoi
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - H Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Mustafa
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Nakhoul
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Nefedov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - F Nerling
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I B Nikolaev
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Z Ning
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S Nisar
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S L Niu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Olsen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ouyang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Pacetti
- INFN and University of Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Papenbrock
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Pelizaeus
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H P Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - K Peters
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Pettersson
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J L Ping
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - R G Ping
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Pitka
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Poling
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Prasad
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Qi
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - T Y Qi
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - S Qian
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C F Qiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - N Qin
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X P Qin
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - X S Qin
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Z H Qin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Qiu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Q Qu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - K H Rashid
- University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - K Ravindran
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - C F Redmer
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Ripka
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - V Rodin
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Rolo
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - G Rong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ch Rosner
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Rump
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - A Sarantsev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - M Savri
- University of Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - K Schoenning
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W Shan
- Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C P Shen
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - P X Shen
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Shen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Sheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Shi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X D Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Song
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Q Song
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Song
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Sosio
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - C Sowa
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Spataro
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - F F Sui
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - G X Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Sun
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - L Sun
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X H Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y K Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Z Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z J Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C J Tang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - G Y Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - V Thoren
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Tsednee
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Peace Ave. 54B, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - I Uman
- Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - B Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B L Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C W Wang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - D Y Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - H H Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - K Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L S Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - M Z Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - P L Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R M Wang
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - W P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - X F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z G Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyuan Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - T Weber
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D H Wei
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - P Weidenkaff
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H W Wen
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - S P Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - U Wiedner
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Wilkinson
- University of Oxford, Keble Rd, Oxford OX13RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Wolke
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L H Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L J Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Xia
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - S Y Xiao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Xiao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z J Xiao
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Xie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Xie
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - T Y Xing
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X A Xiong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q L Xiu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - G F Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Xu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - L Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q J Xu
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - W Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X P Xu
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - F Yan
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yan
- University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - W B Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W C Yan
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yan
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - H X Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yang
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - R X Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y X Yang
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Q Yang
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - M Ye
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Ye
- China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y You
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - B X Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C X Yu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J S Yu
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - C Z Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Yuan
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Yuncu
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A A Zafar
- University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Y Zeng
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - B X Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - D H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H H Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Zhang
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Q Zhang
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - S F Zhang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z H Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M G Zhao
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S J Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - T C Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z G Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Zhemchugov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - B Zheng
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zheng
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhong
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L P Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhou
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X K Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - A N Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K J Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S H Zhu
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, People's Republic of China
| | - W J Zhu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y C Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y S Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z A Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - B S Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Ablikim M, Achasov MN, Ahmed S, Albrecht M, Alekseev M, Amoroso A, An FF, An Q, Bai Y, Bakina O, Baldini Ferroli R, Ban Y, Begzsuren K, Bennett JV, Berger N, Bertani M, Bettoni D, Bianchi F, Bloms J, Boyko I, Briere RA, Cai H, Cai X, Calcaterra A, Cao GF, Cao N, Cetin SA, Chai J, Chang JF, Chang WL, Chelkov G, Chen DY, Chen G, Chen HS, Chen JC, Chen ML, Chen SJ, Chen YB, Cheng W, Cibinetto G, Cossio F, Cui XF, Dai HL, Dai JP, Dai XC, Dbeyssi A, Dedovich D, Deng ZY, Denig A, Denysenko I, Destefanis M, De Mori F, Ding Y, Dong C, Dong J, Dong LY, Dong MY, Dou ZL, Du SX, Fan JZ, Fang J, Fang SS, Fang Y, Farinelli R, Fava L, Feldbauer F, Felici G, Feng CQ, Fritsch M, Fu CD, Fu Y, Gao Q, Gao XL, Gao Y, Gao Y, Gao YG, Gao Z, Garillon B, Garzia I, Gilman A, Goetzen K, Gong L, Gong WX, Gradl W, Greco M, Gu LM, Gu MH, Gu S, Gu YT, Guo AQ, Guo LB, Guo RP, Guo YP, Guskov A, Han S, Hao XQ, Harris FA, He KL, Heinsius FH, Held T, Heng YK, Hou YR, Hou ZL, Hu HM, Hu JF, Hu T, Hu Y, Huang GS, Huang JS, Huang XT, Huang XZ, Huesken N, Hussain T, Ikegami Andersson W, Imoehl W, Irshad M, Ji Q, Ji QP, Ji XB, Ji XL, Jiang HL, Jiang XS, Jiang XY, Jiao JB, Jiao Z, Jin DP, Jin S, Jin Y, Johansson T, Kalantar-Nayestanaki N, Kang XS, Kappert R, Kavatsyuk M, Ke BC, Keshk IK, Khan T, Khoukaz A, Kiese P, Kiuchi R, Kliemt R, Koch L, Kolcu OB, Kopf B, Kuemmel M, Kuessner M, Kupsc A, Kurth M, Kurth MG, Kühn W, Lange JS, Larin P, Lavezzi L, Leithoff H, Lenz T, Li C, Li C, Li DM, Li F, Li FY, Li G, Li HB, Li HJ, Li JC, Li JW, Li K, Li LK, Li L, Li PL, Li PR, Li QY, Li WD, Li WG, Li XH, Li XL, Li XN, Li XQ, Li ZB, Liang H, Liang H, Liang YF, Liang YT, Liao GR, Liao LZ, Libby J, Lin CX, Lin DX, Lin YJ, Liu B, Liu BJ, Liu CX, Liu D, Liu DY, Liu FH, Liu F, Liu F, Liu HB, Liu HM, Liu H, Liu H, Liu JB, Liu JY, Liu KY, Liu K, Liu Q, Liu SB, Liu T, Liu X, Liu XY, Liu YB, Liu ZA, Liu Z, Long YF, Lou XC, Lu HJ, Lu JD, Lu JG, Lu Y, Lu YP, Luo CL, Luo MX, Luo PW, Luo T, Luo XL, Lusso S, Lyu XR, Ma FC, Ma HL, Ma LL, Ma MM, Ma QM, Ma XN, Ma XX, Ma XY, Ma YM, Maas FE, Maggiora M, Maldaner S, Malik QA, Mangoni A, Mao YJ, Mao ZP, Marcello S, Meng ZX, Messchendorp JG, Mezzadri G, Min J, Min TJ, Mitchell RE, Mo XH, Mo YJ, Morales Morales C, Muchnoi NY, Muramatsu H, Mustafa A, Nakhoul S, Nefedov Y, Nerling F, Nikolaev IB, Ning Z, Nisar S, Niu SL, Olsen SL, Ouyang Q, Pacetti S, Pan Y, Papenbrock M, Patteri P, Pelizaeus M, Peng HP, Peters K, Pettersson J, Ping JL, Ping RG, Pitka A, Poling R, Prasad V, Qi M, Qi TY, Qian S, Qiao CF, Qin N, Qin XP, Qin XS, Qin ZH, Qiu JF, Qu SQ, Rashid KH, Redmer CF, Richter M, Ripka M, Rivetti A, Rolo M, Rong G, Rosner C, Rump M, Sarantsev A, Savrié M, Schoenning K, Shan W, Shan XY, Shao M, Shen CP, Shen PX, Shen XY, Sheng HY, Shi X, Shi XD, Song JJ, Song QQ, Song XY, Sosio S, Sowa C, Spataro S, Sui FF, Sun GX, Sun JF, Sun L, Sun SS, Sun XH, Sun YJ, Sun YK, Sun YZ, Sun ZJ, Sun ZT, Tan YT, Tang CJ, Tang GY, Tang X, Thoren V, Tsednee B, Uman I, Wang B, Wang BL, Wang CW, Wang DY, Wang HH, Wang K, Wang LL, Wang LS, Wang M, Wang MZ, Wang M, Wang P, Wang PL, Wang RM, Wang WP, Wang X, Wang XF, Wang Y, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang ZG, Wang ZY, Wang Z, Weber T, Wei DH, Weidenkaff P, Wen HW, Wen SP, Wiedner U, Wolke M, Wu LH, Wu LJ, Wu Z, Xia L, Xia Y, Xiao SY, Xiao YJ, Xiao ZJ, Xie YG, Xie YH, Xing TY, Xiong XA, Xiu QL, Xu GF, Xu JJ, Xu L, Xu QJ, Xu W, Xu XP, Yan F, Yan L, Yan WB, Yan WC, Yan YH, Yang HJ, Yang HX, Yang L, Yang RX, Yang SL, Yang YH, Yang YX, Yang Y, Yang ZQ, Ye M, Ye MH, Yin JH, You ZY, Yu BX, Yu CX, Yu JS, Yuan CZ, Yuan XQ, Yuan Y, Yuncu A, Zafar AA, Zeng Y, Zhang BX, Zhang BY, Zhang CC, Zhang DH, Zhang HH, Zhang HY, Zhang J, Zhang JL, Zhang JQ, Zhang JW, Zhang JY, Zhang JZ, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhang SF, Zhang TJ, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhang YH, Zhang YT, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZH, Zhang ZP, Zhang ZY, Zhao G, Zhao JW, Zhao JY, Zhao JZ, Zhao L, Zhao L, Zhao MG, Zhao Q, Zhao SJ, Zhao TC, Zhao YB, Zhao ZG, Zhemchugov A, Zheng B, Zheng JP, Zheng Y, Zheng YH, Zhong B, Zhou L, Zhou LP, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zhou XK, Zhou XR, Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhu AN, Zhu J, Zhu J, Zhu K, Zhu KJ, Zhu SH, Zhu WJ, Zhu XL, Zhu YC, Zhu YS, Zhu ZA, Zhuang J, Zou BS, Zou JH. Observation of the Decay X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{c1}(1P). Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:202001. [PMID: 31172749 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.202001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using a total of 9.0 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data with center-of-mass energies between 4.15 and 4.30 GeV collected by the BESIII detector, we search for the processes e^{+}e^{-}→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{cJ} for J=0, 1, 2. We report the first observation of X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{c1}, a new decay mode of the X(3872), with a statistical significance of more than 5σ for all systematic fit variations. Normalizing to the previously established process e^{+}e^{-}→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ, we find B(X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{c1})/B(X(3872)→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ)=0.88_{-0.27}^{+0.33}±0.10, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the corresponding ratios for the decays to π^{0}χ_{c0} and π^{0}χ_{c2} of 19 and 1.1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ablikim
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M N Achasov
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - S Ahmed
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Albrecht
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Alekseev
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - A Amoroso
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F F An
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Bai
- Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - O Bakina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Y Ban
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - K Begzsuren
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Peace Avenue 54B, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - J V Bennett
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - N Berger
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bertani
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - J Bloms
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - I Boyko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - R A Briere
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - H Cai
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X Cai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - N Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S A Cetin
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J Chai
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W L Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chelkov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - D Y Chen
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M L Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S J Chen
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | | | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - X F Cui
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Dai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Dai
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - X C Dai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Dbeyssi
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Z Y Deng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Denysenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - M Destefanis
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Y Ding
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - C Dong
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L Y Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Y Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Dou
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - S X Du
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - J Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R Farinelli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
- University of Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Fava
- University of Eastern Piedmont, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F Feldbauer
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Felici
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Q Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Fritsch
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C D Fu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Fu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Gao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Gao
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Gao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Gao
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - B Garillon
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Gilman
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K Goetzen
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Gong
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - W X Gong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Greco
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - L M Gu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Gu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S Gu
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Gu
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - A Q Guo
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - L B Guo
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - R P Guo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Guo
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Guskov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - S Han
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Hao
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - F A Harris
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K L He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - T Held
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Y K Heng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y R Hou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Hou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H M Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - T Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - G S Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J S Huang
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - X T Huang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X Z Huang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - N Huesken
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - T Hussain
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | | | - W Imoehl
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - M Irshad
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q P Ji
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - X B Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Jiang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X S Jiang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Jiang
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Jiao
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Jiao
- Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People's Republic of China
| | - D P Jin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Jin
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Jin
- University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - T Johansson
- Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - X S Kang
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - R Kappert
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Kavatsyuk
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B C Ke
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - I K Keshk
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Khoukaz
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - P Kiese
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kiuchi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R Kliemt
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Koch
- Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - O B Kolcu
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Kopf
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kuemmel
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kuessner
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kupsc
- Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Kurth
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M G Kurth
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - W Kühn
- Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - J S Lange
- Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P Larin
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - H Leithoff
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Lenz
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Li
- Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - D M Li
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - F Y Li
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - G Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Li
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Li
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L K Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, People's Republic of China
| | - P L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - P R Li
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Y Li
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - W D Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - W G Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Li
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X N Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Li
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Z B Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Liang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Liang
- Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - G R Liao
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - L Z Liao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Libby
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - C X Lin
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - D X Lin
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y J Lin
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - B Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - B J Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C X Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - D Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - D Y Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - F H Liu
- Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Liu
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - H M Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Y Liu
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - T Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Liu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Z A Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y F Long
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - X C Lou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Lu
- Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People's Republic of China
| | - J D Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C L Luo
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - M X Luo
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - P W Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - T Luo
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Luo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | | | - X R Lyu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - F C Ma
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Ma
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - M M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X N Ma
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X X Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y M Ma
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - F E Maas
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Maggiora
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - S Maldaner
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Q A Malik
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - A Mangoni
- INFN and University of Perugia, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Y J Mao
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Z P Mao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Marcello
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Z X Meng
- University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Messchendorp
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Mezzadri
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Min
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Min
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - R E Mitchell
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - X H Mo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Mo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - C Morales Morales
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Yu Muchnoi
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - H Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Mustafa
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Nakhoul
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Nefedov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - F Nerling
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I B Nikolaev
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Z Ning
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S Nisar
- Lahore Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S L Niu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Olsen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ouyang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Pacetti
- INFN and University of Perugia, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Papenbrock
- Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Pelizaeus
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H P Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - K Peters
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Pettersson
- Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J L Ping
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - R G Ping
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Pitka
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Poling
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Prasad
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Qi
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - T Y Qi
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - S Qian
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C F Qiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - N Qin
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X P Qin
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - X S Qin
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Z H Qin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Qiu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Q Qu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - K H Rashid
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - C F Redmer
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Ripka
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - M Rolo
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - G Rong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ch Rosner
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Rump
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - A Sarantsev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - M Savrié
- University of Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - K Schoenning
- Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W Shan
- Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C P Shen
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - P X Shen
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Shen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Sheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Shi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X D Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Song
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Q Song
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Song
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Sosio
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - C Sowa
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Spataro
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F F Sui
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - G X Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Sun
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - L Sun
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X H Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y K Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Z Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z J Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C J Tang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - G Y Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - V Thoren
- Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Tsednee
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Peace Avenue 54B, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - I Uman
- Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - B Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B L Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C W Wang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - D Y Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - H H Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - K Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L S Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - M Z Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - P Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - P L Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R M Wang
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - W P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - X F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z G Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyuan Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - T Weber
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D H Wei
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - P Weidenkaff
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H W Wen
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - S P Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - U Wiedner
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Wolke
- Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L H Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L J Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Xia
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - S Y Xiao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Xiao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z J Xiao
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Xie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Xie
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - T Y Xing
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X A Xiong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q L Xiu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - G F Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Xu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - L Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q J Xu
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| | - W Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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| | - X P Xu
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - F Yan
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| | - L Yan
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- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - W B Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W C Yan
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yan
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - H X Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yang
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - R X Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y X Yang
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Q Yang
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - M Ye
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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| | - M H Ye
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| | - J H Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y You
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - B X Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C X Yu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J S Yu
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - C Z Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Yuan
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Yuncu
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A A Zafar
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Y Zeng
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - B X Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - D H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H H Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Zhang
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Q Zhang
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - S F Zhang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z H Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M G Zhao
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S J Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - T C Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z G Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Zhemchugov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - B Zheng
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zheng
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhong
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L P Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhou
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X K Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - A N Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K J Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S H Zhu
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, People's Republic of China
| | - W J Zhu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y C Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y S Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z A Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - B S Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Ablikim M, Achasov MN, Ahmed S, Albrecht M, Alekseev M, Amoroso A, An FF, An Q, Bai Y, Bakina O, Baldini Ferroli R, Ban Y, Begzsuren K, Bennett DW, Bennett JV, Berger N, Bertani M, Bettoni D, Bianchi F, Boger E, Boyko I, Briere RA, Cai H, Cai X, Calcaterra A, Cao GF, Cetin SA, Chai J, Chang JF, Chang WL, Chelkov G, Chen G, Chen HS, Chen JC, Chen ML, Chen PL, Chen SJ, Chen XR, Chen YB, Cheng W, Chu XK, Cibinetto G, Cossio F, Dai HL, Dai JP, Dbeyssi A, Dedovich D, Deng ZY, Denig A, Denysenko I, Destefanis M, De Mori F, Ding Y, Dong C, Dong J, Dong LY, Dong MY, Dou ZL, Du SX, Duan PF, Fan JZ, Fang J, Fang SS, Fang Y, Farinelli R, Fava L, Feldbauer F, Felici G, Feng CQ, Fritsch M, Fu CD, Gao Q, Gao XL, Gao Y, Gao YG, Gao Z, Garillon B, Garzia I, Gilman A, Goetzen K, Gong L, Gong WX, Gradl W, Greco M, Gu LM, Gu MH, Gu YT, Guo AQ, Guo LB, Guo RP, Guo YP, Guskov A, Haddadi Z, Han S, Hao XQ, Harris FA, He KL, Heinsius FH, Held T, Heng YK, Hou ZL, Hu HM, Hu JF, Hu T, Hu Y, Huang GS, Huang JS, Huang XT, Huang XZ, Huang ZL, Hussain T, Ikegami Andersson W, Imoehl W, Irshad M, Ji Q, Ji QP, Ji XB, Ji XL, Jiang HL, Jiang XS, Jiang XY, Jiao JB, Jiao Z, Jin DP, Jin S, Jin Y, Johansson T, Kalantar-Nayestanaki N, Kang XS, Kavatsyuk M, Ke BC, Keshk IK, Khan T, Khoukaz A, Kiese P, Kiuchi R, Kliemt R, Koch L, Kolcu OB, Kopf B, Kuemmel M, Kuessner M, Kupsc A, Kurth M, Kühn W, Lange JS, Larin P, Lavezzi L, Leiber S, Leithoff H, Li C, Li C, Li DM, Li F, Li FY, Li G, Li HB, Li HJ, Li JC, Li JW, Li KJ, Li K, Li K, Li LK, Li L, Li PL, Li PR, Li QY, Li T, Li WD, Li WG, Li XL, Li XN, Li XQ, Li ZB, Liang H, Liang YF, Liang YT, Liao GR, Liao LZ, Libby J, Lin CX, Lin DX, Liu B, Liu BJ, Liu CX, Liu D, Liu DY, Liu FH, Liu F, Liu F, Liu HB, Liu HL, Liu HM, Liu H, Liu H, Liu JB, Liu JY, Liu KY, Liu K, Liu LD, Liu Q, Liu SB, Liu X, Liu YB, Liu ZA, Liu Z, Long YF, Lou XC, Lu HJ, Lu JG, Lu Y, Lu YP, Luo CL, Luo MX, Luo PW, Luo T, Luo XL, Lusso S, Lyu XR, Ma FC, Ma HL, Ma LL, Ma MM, Ma QM, Ma XN, Ma XY, Ma YM, Maas FE, Maggiora M, Maldaner S, Malik QA, Mangoni A, Mao YJ, Mao ZP, Marcello S, Meng ZX, Messchendorp JG, Mezzadri G, Min J, Min TJ, Mitchell RE, Mo XH, Mo YJ, Morales CM, Muchnoi NY, Muramatsu H, Mustafa A, Nakhoul S, Nefedov Y, Nerling F, Nikolaev IB, Ning Z, Nisar S, Niu SL, Niu XY, Olsen SL, Ouyang Q, Pacetti S, Pan Y, Papenbrock M, Patteri P, Pelizaeus M, Pellegrino J, Peng HP, Peng ZY, Peters K, Pettersson J, Ping JL, Ping RG, Pitka A, Poling R, Prasad V, Qi HR, Qi M, Qi TY, Qian S, Qiao CF, Qin N, Qin XS, Qin ZH, Qiu JF, Qu SQ, Rashid KH, Redmer CF, Richter M, Ripka M, Rivetti A, Rolo M, Rong G, Rosner C, Sarantsev A, Savrié M, Schoenning K, Shan W, Shan XY, Shao M, Shen CP, Shen PX, Shen XY, Sheng HY, Shi X, Song JJ, Song WM, Song XY, Sosio S, Sowa C, Spataro S, Sui FF, Sun GX, Sun JF, Sun L, Sun SS, Sun XH, Sun YJ, Sun YK, Sun YZ, Sun ZJ, Sun ZT, Tan YT, Tang CJ, Tang GY, Tang X, Tiemens M, Tsednee B, Uman I, Wang B, Wang BL, Wang CW, Wang D, Wang DY, Wang HH, Wang K, Wang LL, Wang LS, Wang M, Wang M, Wang P, Wang PL, Wang WP, Wang XF, Wang Y, Wang YF, Wang YQ, Wang Z, Wang ZG, Wang ZY, Wang Z, Weber T, Wei DH, Weidenkaff P, Wen SP, Wiedner U, Wolke M, Wu LH, Wu LJ, Wu Z, Xia L, Xia X, Xia Y, Xiao D, Xiao YJ, Xiao ZJ, Xie YG, Xie YH, Xiong XA, Xiu QL, Xu GF, Xu JJ, Xu L, Xu QJ, Xu XP, Yan F, Yan L, Yan WB, Yan WC, Yan YH, Yang HJ, Yang HX, Yang L, Yang RX, Yang SL, Yang YH, Yang YX, Yang Y, Yang ZQ, Ye M, Ye MH, Yin JH, You ZY, Yu BX, Yu CX, Yu JS, Yuan CZ, Yuan Y, Yuncu A, Zafar AA, Zeng Y, Zhang BX, Zhang BY, Zhang CC, Zhang DH, Zhang HH, Zhang HY, Zhang J, Zhang JL, Zhang JQ, Zhang JW, Zhang JY, Zhang JZ, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhang SF, Zhang TJ, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhang YH, Zhang YT, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZH, Zhang ZP, Zhang ZY, Zhao G, Zhao JW, Zhao JY, Zhao JZ, Zhao L, Zhao L, Zhao MG, Zhao Q, Zhao SJ, Zhao TC, Zhao YB, Zhao ZG, Zhemchugov A, Zheng B, Zheng JP, Zheng WJ, Zheng YH, Zhong B, Zhou L, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zhou XK, Zhou XR, Zhou XY, Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhu AN, Zhu J, Zhu J, Zhu K, Zhu KJ, Zhu S, Zhu SH, Zhu XL, Zhu YC, Zhu YS, Zhu ZA, Zhuang J, Zou BS, Zou JH. Precision Measurement of the Branching Fractions of η^{'} Decays. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:142002. [PMID: 31050481 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.142002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on a sample of (1310.6±7.0)×10^{6}J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, we present measurements of J/ψ and η^{'} absolute branching fractions using the process J/ψ→γη^{'}. By analyzing events where the radiative photon converts into an e^{+}e^{-} pair, the branching fraction for J/ψ→γη^{'} is measured to be (5.27±0.03±0.05)×10^{-3}. The absolute branching fractions of the five dominant decay channels of the η^{'} are then measured for the first time and are determined to be B(η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-})=(29.90±0.03±0.55)%, B(η^{'}→ηπ^{+}π^{-})=(41.24±0.08±1.24)%, B(η^{'}→ηπ^{0}π^{0})=(21.36±0.10±0.92)%, B(η^{'}→γω)=(2.489±0.018±0.074)%, and B(η^{'}→γγ)=(2.331±0.012±0.035)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ablikim
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M N Achasov
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - S Ahmed
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Albrecht
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Alekseev
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - A Amoroso
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F F An
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Bai
- Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - O Bakina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | | | - Y Ban
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - K Begzsuren
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Peace Ave. 54B, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - D W Bennett
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J V Bennett
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - N Berger
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bertani
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - E Boger
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - I Boyko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - R A Briere
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - H Cai
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X Cai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S A Cetin
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J Chai
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W L Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chelkov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - G Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M L Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - P L Chen
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - S J Chen
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Chen
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | | | - X K Chu
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - H L Dai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Dai
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - A Dbeyssi
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Z Y Deng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Denysenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - M Destefanis
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Y Ding
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - C Dong
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L Y Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Y Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Dou
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - S X Du
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - P F Duan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - J Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R Farinelli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
- University of Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Fava
- University of Eastern Piedmont, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F Feldbauer
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Felici
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Q Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Fritsch
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C D Fu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Gao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Gao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Gao
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - B Garillon
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Gilman
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K Goetzen
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Gong
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - W X Gong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Greco
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - L M Gu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Gu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Gu
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - A Q Guo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L B Guo
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - R P Guo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Guo
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Guskov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Z Haddadi
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - S Han
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Hao
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - F A Harris
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K L He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - T Held
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Y K Heng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Hou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H M Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - T Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - G S Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J S Huang
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - X T Huang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X Z Huang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Huang
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - T Hussain
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | | | - W Imoehl
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - M Irshad
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q P Ji
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - X B Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Jiang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X S Jiang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Jiang
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Jiao
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Jiao
- Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People's Republic of China
| | - D P Jin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Jin
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Jin
- University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - T Johansson
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - X S Kang
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - M Kavatsyuk
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - B C Ke
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - I K Keshk
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Khoukaz
- University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - P Kiese
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kiuchi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - R Kliemt
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Koch
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - O B Kolcu
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Kopf
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kuemmel
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kuessner
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kupsc
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Kurth
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - W Kühn
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - J S Lange
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P Larin
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - S Leiber
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Leithoff
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Li
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - D M Li
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - F Y Li
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - G Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Li
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - K J Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L K Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, People's Republic of China
| | - P L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - P R Li
- China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Y Li
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - T Li
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - W D Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - W G Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Li
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X N Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Li
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Z B Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Liang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Liang
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - G R Liao
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - L Z Liao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Libby
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - C X Lin
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - D X Lin
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - B J Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C X Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - D Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - D Y Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - F H Liu
- Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Liu
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Liu
- Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - H M Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Y Liu
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - L D Liu
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Liu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Z A Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y F Long
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - X C Lou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Lu
- Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C L Luo
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - M X Luo
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - P W Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - T Luo
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Luo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | | | - X R Lyu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - F C Ma
- Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Ma
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - M M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X N Ma
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y M Ma
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - F E Maas
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Maggiora
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - S Maldaner
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Q A Malik
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - A Mangoni
- INFN and University of Perugia, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Y J Mao
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Z P Mao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Marcello
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Z X Meng
- University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Messchendorp
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - G Mezzadri
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Min
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Min
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - R E Mitchell
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - X H Mo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Mo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - C Morales Morales
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Yu Muchnoi
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - H Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Mustafa
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Nakhoul
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Nefedov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - F Nerling
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I B Nikolaev
- G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Z Ning
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S Nisar
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S L Niu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Niu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Olsen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ouyang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Pacetti
- INFN and University of Perugia, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Papenbrock
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Pelizaeus
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Pellegrino
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - H P Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Peng
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - K Peters
- GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Pettersson
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J L Ping
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - R G Ping
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Pitka
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Poling
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Prasad
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - H R Qi
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - M Qi
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - T Y Qi
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - S Qian
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C F Qiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - N Qin
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X S Qin
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Z H Qin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Qiu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Q Qu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - K H Rashid
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - C F Redmer
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Ripka
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - M Rolo
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - G Rong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ch Rosner
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Sarantsev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - M Savrié
- University of Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - K Schoenning
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W Shan
- Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C P Shen
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - P X Shen
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Shen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Sheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Shi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Song
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - W M Song
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Song
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Sosio
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - C Sowa
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Spataro
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F F Sui
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - G X Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Sun
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - L Sun
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X H Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y K Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Z Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z J Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C J Tang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - G Y Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Tiemens
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - B Tsednee
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Peace Ave. 54B, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - I Uman
- Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - B Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B L Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C W Wang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - D Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - D Y Wang
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - H H Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - K Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L S Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - P Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - P L Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - W P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Q Wang
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z G Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyuan Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - T Weber
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D H Wei
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - P Weidenkaff
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S P Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - U Wiedner
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Wolke
- Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L H Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L J Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - L Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Xia
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Xia
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - D Xiao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Xiao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z J Xiao
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Xie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Xie
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - X A Xiong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q L Xiu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - G F Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q J Xu
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - X P Xu
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - F Yan
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yan
- University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
- INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - W B Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W C Yan
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yan
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - H X Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yang
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - R X Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y X Yang
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Q Yang
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - M Ye
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Ye
- China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y You
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - B X Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - C X Yu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J S Yu
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - C Z Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - A Yuncu
- Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A A Zafar
- University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Y Zeng
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - B X Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - C C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - D H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H H Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Zhang
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Q Zhang
- Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - S F Zhang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z H Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M G Zhao
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S J Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - T C Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Z G Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Zhemchugov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - B Zheng
- University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W J Zheng
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhong
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhou
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - X K Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - A N Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhu
- Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K J Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - S H Zhu
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y C Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Y S Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Z A Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - B S Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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