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Zhou P, Yu X, Song T, Hou X. Safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296926. [PMID: 38547138 PMCID: PMC10977718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Randomized controlled trials and prospective studies on antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with ADHD were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception of databases to November 12, 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Network meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD 42023382824) was carried out by using R Studio 4.2.1. RESULTS 48 studies involving 12 antioxidant drugs (resveratrol, pycnogenol, omega-3, omega-6, quercetin, phosphatidylserine, almond, vitamin D, zinc, folic acid, ginkgo biloba, Acetyl-L-carnitine) were finally included, with 3,650 patients. Network meta-analysis showed that omega-6 (0.18), vitamin D (0.19), and quercetin (0.24) were the top three safest drugs according to SUCRA. The omega-3 (SUCRA 0.35), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.36), and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.27) were the most effective in improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners' parent rating scale (CPRS), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners' teacher rating scale (CTRS), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), phosphatidylserine+omega-3 (SUCRA 0.26), and zinc (SUCRA 0.34) were the most effective, respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Parent, the optimal agents were phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.39), resveratrol+MPH (SUCRA 0.24), and phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.34), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Teacher, pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), vitamin D (SUCRA 0.31) and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.18) were the optimal agents, respectively. The response rate of omega-3+6 was the highest in CGI (SUCRA 0.95) and CPT (SUCRA 0.42). CONCLUSION The rankings of safety and efficacy of the 12 antioxidants vary. Due to the low methodological quality of the included studies, the probability ranking cannot fully explain the clinical efficacy, and the results need to be interpreted with caution. More high-quality studies are still needed to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peike Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Pinheiro J, Pinheiro E, de Deus GR, Saito G, Luz WL, Assad N, da Cunha Palheta MR, de Jesus Oliveira Batista E, Morais S, Passos A, Oliveira KRHM, Herculano AM. Brain oxidative stress mediates anxiety-like behavior induced by indomethacin in zebrafish: protective effect of alpha-tocopherol. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1715-1725. [PMID: 37721555 PMCID: PMC10858826 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Indomethacin (INDO) is a widely utilized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with recognized effect on the central nervous system. Although previous reports demonstrate that prolonged treatment with indomethacin can lead to behavioral alterations such as anxiety disorder, the biochemical effect exerted by this drug on the brain are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES The aim of present study was to evaluate if anxiety-like behavior elicited by indomethacin is mediated by brains oxidative stress as well as if alpha-tocopherol, a potent antioxidant, is able to prevent the behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by indomethacin treatment. METHODS Zebrafish were utilized as experimental model and subdivided into control, INDO 1 mg/Kg, INDO 2 mg/Kg, INDO 3 g/Kg, α-TP 2 mg/Kg, α-TP 2 mg/Kg + INDO 1 mg/Kg and α-TP + INDO 2 mg/Kg groups. Vertical distributions elicited by novelty and brain oxidative stress were utilized to determinate behavioral and biochemical alterations elicited by indomethacin treatment, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that treatment with indomethacin 3 mg/kg induces animal death. No changes in animal survival were observed in animals treated with lower doses of indomethacin. Indomethacin induced significant anxiogenic-like behavior as well as intense oxidative stress in zebrafish brain. Treatment with alpha-tocopherol was able to prevent anxiety-like behavior and brain oxidative stress induced by indomethacin. CONCLUSIONS Data presented in current study demonstrated for the first time that indomethacin induces anxiety-like behavior mediated by brain oxidative stress in zebrafish as well as that pre-treatment with alpha-tocopherol is able to prevent these collateral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Emerson Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ramalho de Deus
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Saito
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Waldo Lucas Luz
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Nadyme Assad
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Melk Roberto da Cunha Palheta
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Evander de Jesus Oliveira Batista
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Suellen Morais
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adelaide Passos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Manoel Herculano
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
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Mohammadi AH, Balandeh E, Hasani J, Karimian M, Arabshahi V, Pourfarzam M, Bahmani F, Namazi G. The Oxidative Status and Na +/K +-ATPase Activity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:9979582. [PMID: 38435539 PMCID: PMC10907107 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9979582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of some psychiatric disorders. To examine the role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we aimed to determine oxidative stress indices, including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and red blood cells (RBC) membrane, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum glutathione (GSH) levels, serum antioxidant vitamins (A and E), and Na+/K+-ATPase activity, in patients with the mentioned disorder vs. healthy controls. Method 39 OCD patients diagnosed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) and 39 volunteer healthy subjects were included in this study. MDA levels in serum and RBC membrane were measured using fluorometric method. Serum TAC level, serum GSH level, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were also measured using spectrophotometric methods. Serum levels of vitamins were calculated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Result There was a significantly higher MDA level in serum (p < 0.0001) and RBC membrane (p = 0.002) of OCD patients compared with those in controls. A significant reduction in vitamin A (p = 0.001) and vitamin E (p = 0.024) levels was found in OCD patients vs. controls. There was significantly lower activity of erythrocyte membrane Na+/K+-ATPase in RBC membrane of OCD patients vs. controls (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our findings indicate significantly higher levels MDA in both serum and RBC membrane, lower levels of serum vitamins A and E, and lower activity of membrane Na+/K+-ATPase in OCD patients compared to controls. These suggest an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant factors in OCD patients that might play a fundamental role in the etiopathogenesis of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Balandeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jila Hasani
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Arabshahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Namazi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Han B, Wang L, Zhang Y, Gu L, Yuan W, Cao W. Baseline anxiety disorders are associated with progression of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2159431. [PMID: 36632821 PMCID: PMC9848365 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2159431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Anxiety has been associated with disease progression in non-diabetes patients. We aimed to examine the prospective association between anxiety and progression of DKD in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 2040 participants with type 2 diabetes at the Diabetes Center of Shanghai General Hospital between May 2017 and June 2020. Anxiety disorders at baseline were diagnosed by a structured clinical interview based on the 10th Revision of International Classification of Disease (ICD). Progression of DKD was identified as the transition from one urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) stage to the next or the development of kidney failure during the follow-up period. RESULTS At baseline, 403 (19.8%) had a diagnosis of anxiety disorders, of whom 107 (26.6%) also received a depression diagnosis. During a median follow-up time of 3.2 years, deterioration of the kidney status occurred in 340 (16.7%) individuals. After adjustment for potential confounders including depression or an anxiety × depression interaction term, anxiety disorders were independently related to an increased risk of progression of DKD (HR 1.539, 95% CI 1.130-2.095, p = 0.006; HR 1.536, 95% CI 1.111-2.122, p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety disorders at baseline, independent of possible confounders, were associated with the progression of DKD in type 2 diabetes. Whether therapeutic interventions for anxiety reduce the risk needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Weijie Yuan Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China,CONTACT Wei Cao Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314000, Jiaxing, China
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5
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Godoy R, Macedo AB, Gervazio KY, Ribeiro LR, Lima JLF, Salvadori MGSS. Effects of ortho-eugenol on anxiety, working memory and oxidative stress in mice. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271785. [PMID: 37610945 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ortho-eugenol is a synthetic derivative from eugenol, the major compound of clove essential oil, which has demonstrated antidepressant and antinociceptive effects in pioneering studies. Additionally, its effects appear to be dependent on the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Depression and anxiety disorders are known to share a great overlap in their pathophysiology, and many drugs are effective in the treatment of both diseases. Furthermore, high levels of anxiety are related to working memory deficits and increased oxidative stress. Thus, in this study we investigated the effects of acute treatment of ortho-eugenol, at 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, on anxiety, working memory and oxidative stress in male Swiss mice. Our results show that the 100 mg/kg dose increased the number of head-dips and reduced the latency in the hole-board test. The 50 mg/kg dose reduced malondialdehyde levels in the prefrontal cortex and the number of Y-maze entries compared to the MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion group. All doses reduced nitrite levels in the hippocampus. It was also possible to assess a statistical correlation between the reduction of oxidative stress and hyperlocomotion after the administration of ortho-eugenol. However, acute treatment was not able to prevent working memory deficits. Therefore, the present study shows that ortho-eugenol has an anxiolytic and antioxidant effect, and was able to prevent substance-induced hyperlocomotion. Our results contribute to the elucidation of the pharmacological profile of ortho-eugenol, as well as to direct further studies that seek to investigate its possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Godoy
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A B Macedo
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - K Y Gervazio
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos Naturais e Sintéticos - PgPNSB, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - L R Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - J L F Lima
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos Naturais e Sintéticos - PgPNSB, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M G S S Salvadori
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos Naturais e Sintéticos - PgPNSB, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
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6
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Wang YH, Wang YQ, Yu XG, Lin Y, Liu JX, Wang WY, Yan CH. Chronic environmental inorganic arsenic exposure causes social behavioral changes in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161296. [PMID: 36592900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid commonly found worldwide. Environmental As exposure may cause potential health hazards and behavioral changes in humans and animals. However, the effects of environmental As concentrations on social behavior, especially during the juvenile stage, are unclear. In this study, we observed behavioral changes in juvenile zebrafish after 28 days of exposure to inorganic As (NaAsO2 100 and 500 ppb) in water, especially anxiety and social deficits. Additionally, the level of oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain after As treatment increased, the content of dopamine (DA) decreased, and the transcription level of genes involved in DA metabolism with the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) increased. Oxidative stress is a recognized mechanism of nerve damage induced by As exposure. The zebrafish were exposed to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to reduce As exposure-induced oxidative stress. The results showed improvements in social behavior, DA content, MAO activity, and gene transcription in zebrafish. In conclusion, environmental As exposure can induce behavioral abnormalities, such as anxiety and social deficits in zebrafish, which may be caused by As-induced oxidative stress altering gene transcription levels, causing an increase in MAO activity and a decrease in DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ya-Qian Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Yu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yin Lin
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun-Xia Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei-Ye Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Carbone EA, Menculini G, de Filippis R, D’Angelo M, De Fazio P, Tortorella A, Steardo L. Sleep Disturbances in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Role of Calcium Homeostasis Imbalance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4431. [PMID: 36901441 PMCID: PMC10002427 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often report preeminent sleep disturbances. Recently, calcium homeostasis gained interest because of its role in the regulation of sleep-wake rhythms and anxiety symptoms. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the association between calcium homeostasis imbalance, anxiety, and quality of sleep in patients with GAD. A total of 211 patients were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scales. Calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were evaluated in blood samples. A correlation and linear regression analysis were run to evaluate the association of HAM-A, PSQI, and ISI scores with peripheral markers of calcium homeostasis imbalance. Significant correlations emerged between HAM-A, PSQI, ISI, PTH, and vitamin D. The regression models showed that patients with GAD displaying low levels of vitamin D and higher levels of PTH exhibit a poor subjective quality of sleep and higher levels of anxiety, underpinning higher psychopathological burden. A strong relationship between peripheral biomarkers of calcium homeostasis imbalance, insomnia, poor sleep quality, and anxiety symptomatology was underlined. Future studies could shed light on the causal and temporal relationship between calcium metabolism imbalance, anxiety, and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Menculini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi, 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina D’Angelo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi, 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Antidepressant-like effect of endogenous SO 2 on depression caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1325-1336. [PMID: 36729188 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a toxic gas with harmful effects on various organs. However, recent studies have confirmed the protective effect of SO2 on ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and lung infections. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of endogenous SO2 on depression. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was performed to cause depression. Depression-like behaviors in animals were determined using an open-field test, forced swimming test, and sucrose consumption. Animal spatial learning and memory were also assessed using the Morris water maze. Besides, the oxidative status of the hippocampus and serum corticosterone level were evaluated. A reduction in the tendency to consume sucrose, mobility, and curiosity, as well as learning and memory disorders were observed in CUMS animals. Depressed animals treated with SO2 revealed a significant improvement in behavioral and cognitive functions. SO2 also reduced neuronal damage and lipid peroxidation of the hippocampus and serum corticosterone level in the CUMS group. Various shreds of evidence support a mutual relationship between inflammation and depression; also, growing studies show the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of mood-related disorders such as depression. This study indicated that increased hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum corticosterone levels can be due to the existence of oxidative stress and possible activation of inflammatory processes. SO2 donors diminished MDA and corticosterone levels in depressed animals. According to the study results, SO2 may be able to reduce tissue damage and eventually behavioral disorders caused by depression by lowering oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Gupta R, Mehan S, Chhabra S, Giri A, Sherawat K. Role of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Activation in the Prevention of Neurological Abnormalities Associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1718-1738. [PMID: 36272053 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The smoothened sonic hedgehog (Smo-Shh) pathway is one mechanism that influences neurogenesis, including brain cell differentiation and development during childhood. Shh signaling dysregulation leads to decreased target gene transcription, which contributes to increased neuronal excitation, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration, eventually leading to neurological deficits. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as OCD and related neurological dysfunctions are characterized by neurotransmitter imbalance, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired neurogenesis, disturbing the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) link neuronal network. Despite the availability of several treatments, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, some individuals may not benefit much from them. Several trials on the use of antipsychotics in the treatment of OCD have also produced inadequate findings. This evidence-based review focuses on a potential pharmacological approach to alleviating OCD and associated neuronal deficits by preventing neurochemical alterations, in which sonic hedgehog activators are neuroprotective, lowering neuronal damage while increasing neuronal maintenance and survival. As a result, stimulating SMO-Shh via its potential activators may have neuroprotective effects on neurological impairment associated with OCD. This review investigates the link between SMO-Shh signaling and the neurochemical abnormalities associated with the progression of OCD and associated neurological dysfunctions. Role of Smo-Shh signaling in serotonergic neurogenesis and in maintaining their neuronal identity. The Shh ligand activates two main transcriptional factors known as Foxa2 and Nkx2.2, which again activates another transcriptional factor, GATA (GATA2 and GATA3), in post mitotic precursor cells of serotonergic neurons-following increased expression of Pet-1 and Lmx1b after GATA regulates the expression of many serotonergic enzymes such as TPH2, SERT, VMAT, slc6a4, Htr1a, Htr1b (Serotonin receptor enzymes), and MAO that regulate and control the release of serotonin and maintain their neuronal identity after their maturation. Abbreviation: Foxa2: Forkhead box; GATA: Globin transcription factor; Lmx1b: LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta; TPH2: Tryptophan hydroxylase 2; Htr1a: Serotonin receptor 1a; Htr1b: Serotonin receptor 1b; SERT: Serotonin transporter; VMAT: Vesicular monoamine transporter; MAO: Monoamine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Gupta
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Kajal Sherawat
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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10
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Kong W, Jiang T, Ning Y, Guo Y, Liu H, Lyu X, Li M. Dietary diversity, diet quality, and oxidative stress in older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 48:158-163. [PMID: 36219935 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between diet quality, dietary diversity, and oxidative stress levels in older adults in parts of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwestern China. A total of 335 participants voluntarily participated in the study from April to July 2021. Laboratory tests and questionnaires were used to obtain general characteristics, dietary conditions, and indicators of oxidative stress. The dietary diversity scores of the participants were 5.20±1.39, the diet quality indices were 56.91±11.14, and most had poor diet quality. The levels of the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, and total antioxidant capacity were 4.77±1.77, 40.33±9.85, 763.10±245.41, and 1.02±0.14, respectively. The results showed that the diet quality scores of participants were related to dietary diversity and whether the scores passed or not was significantly related to total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Kong
- Department of Nursing of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Nursing of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Yanhua Ning
- Department of Nursing of Ningxia Medical University.
| | - Yahong Guo
- Department of Nursing of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Nursing of Ningxia Medical University
| | | | - Meiman Li
- Department of Nursing of Ningxia Medical University
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11
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Cram DL. Oxidative stress and cognition in ecology. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Cram
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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12
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Li Y, Wu F, Mu Q, Xu K, Yang S, Wang P, Wu Y, Wu J, Wang W, Li H, Chen L, Wang F, Liu Y. Metal ions in cerebrospinal fluid: Associations with anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2141-2147. [PMID: 36168907 PMCID: PMC9627395 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metal ions and anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers. METHODS We measured CSF levels of various metal ions from 178 Chinese male subjects. Apart from sociodemographic and clinical characteristics data, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were applied. RESULTS BDI and PSQI scores (all p < 0.001) were significantly higher in active smokers than nonsmokers. Active smokers have significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum (all p ≤ 0.002). Some metal ions, including zinc, iron, lead, and aluminum, were found to have a significant correlation with BDI scores, whereas metal ions, including zinc and lead, were found to have a significant correlation with PSQI scores in the general group. More interesting, mediation analysis showed that aluminum mediated the relationship between smoking and depression. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking was indeed associated with depression and insomnia. Active smokers had significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum. Furthermore, CSF aluminum played a mediating role in the relationship between smoking and depression, which further confirmed its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Ruian People's HospitalWenzhou Medical College Affiliated Third HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Fenzan Wu
- Laboratory of Translational MedicineAffiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityNingboChina,School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qingshuang Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder ResearchThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Kewei Xu
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shizhuo Yang
- School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ping Wang
- School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yuyu Wu
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Junnan Wu
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hui Li
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research DivisionInner Mongolia Medical UniversityHuhhotChina,Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Chen
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui‐Long‐Guan HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanlong Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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13
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Liu H, Liu H, Jiang S, Su L, Lu Y, Chen Z, Li X, Li X, Wang X, Xiu M, Zhang X. Sex-Specific Association between Antioxidant Defense System and Therapeutic Response to Risperidone in Schizophrenia: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1793-1803. [PMID: 34766896 PMCID: PMC9881066 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211111123918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various differences in response to different antipsychotics and antioxidant defense systems (ADS) by sex. Previous studies have shown that several ADS enzymes are closely related to the treatment response of patients with antipsychotics-naïve first-episode (ANFE) schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess the sex difference in the relationship between changes in ADS enzyme activities and risperidone response. METHODS The plasma activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in 218 patients and 125 healthy controls. Patients were treated with risperidone for 3 months, and we measured PANSS for psychopathological symptoms and ADS biomarkers at baseline and at the end of 3 months of treatment. We compared sex-specific group differences between 50 non-responders and 168 responders at baseline and at the end of the three months of treatment. RESULTS We found that female patients responded better to risperidone treatment than male patients. At baseline and 3-month follow-up, there were no significant sex differences in TAS levels and three ADS enzyme activities. Interestingly, only in female patients, after 12 weeks of risperidone treatment, the GPx activity of responders was higher than that of non-responders. CONCLUSION These results indicate that after treatment with risperidone, changes in GPx activity were associated with treatment response, suggesting that changes in GPx may be a predictor of response to risperidone treatment in female patients with ANFE schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Hua Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Shuling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Shandong, China;
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Zhenli Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xirong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; E-mail: ; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; E-mail: ; Linyin Road, Qixing District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; E-mail:
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; E-mail: ; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; E-mail: ; Linyin Road, Qixing District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; E-mail:
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; E-mail: ; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; E-mail: ; Linyin Road, Qixing District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; E-mail:
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Neuropharmacological and Antidiabetic Potential of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Leaves Extract: An Experimental Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6144733. [PMID: 35388308 PMCID: PMC8979700 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6144733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the neuropharmacological and antidiabetic properties of methanol leaves extract of Lannea coromandelica in animal models. This study is carried out by elevated plus-maze apparatus, motor coordination, thiopental sodium has an induction role in sleeping time, hole board, hole cross, open field, antidiabetic studies. Mice were treated doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight in elevated plus-maze apparatus and motor coordination; 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight in sleeping time, hole cross, hole board, and open field tests; and 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in the antidiabetic activity test. Extraction specifies a significantly decreased time duration and sleeping time in a thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test. The experimental extract decreased locomotor and exploratory behaviors of mice in the open-field and hole-cross tests compared to the effects of the control. Furthermore, the extract increased sleeping time with a dose-dependent onset of action. The hole-board test extract also demonstrated a reduced number of head dips. The findings showed that L. coromandelica has potential neuropharmacological effects. In addition, in alloxan-induced diabetic mice, leaves extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight revealed significant antidiabetic properties and could be used to manage blood glucose levels with more research.
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Gupta R, Mehan S, Sethi P, Prajapati A, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Al-Mazroua HA, Narula AS. Smo-Shh Agonist Purmorphamine Prevents Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in 8-OH-DPAT-Induced Experimental Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030342. [PMID: 35326298 PMCID: PMC8946713 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by repetitive, unwanted thoughts and behavior due to abnormal neuronal corticostriatal-thalamocortical pathway and other neurochemical changes. Purmorphamine is a smoothened-sonic-hedgehog agonist that has a protective effect against many neurological diseases due to its role in maintaining functional connectivity during CNS development and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. As part of our current research, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of PUR against behavioral and neurochemical changes in 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. Additionally, the effect of PUR was compared with the standard drug for OCD, i.e., fluvoxamine. The intra-dorsal raphe-nucleus injection of 8-OH-DPAT in rats for seven days significantly showed OCD-like repetitive and compulsive behavior along with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, as well as neurotransmitter imbalance. These alterations were dose-dependently attenuated by long-term purmorphamine treatment at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg i.p. In this study, we assessed the level of various neurochemical parameters in different biological samples, including brain homogenate, blood plasma, and CSF, to check the drug’s effect centrally and peripherally. These effects were comparable to the standard oral treatment withfluvoxamine at 10 mg/kg. However, when fluvoxamine was given in combination with purmorphamine, there was a more significant restoration of these alterations than the individualtreatmentswithfluvoxamine and purmorphamine. All the above findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective effect of purmorphamine in OCD can be strong evidence for developing a new therapeutic target for treating and managing OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Gupta
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.A.-M.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.A.-M.)
| | - Haneen A. Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.A.-M.)
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
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Evaluation of Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiarthritic, Thrombolytic, and Anthelmintic Activity of Methanol Extract of Lepidagathis hyalina Nees Root. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2515260. [PMID: 35211179 PMCID: PMC8863439 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2515260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lepidagathis hyalina Nees is an ethnomedicinally potential Asian herb, locally used to treat cardiovascular diseases and coughs. The study was intended to evaluate qualitative and quantitative investigation to ensure numerous pharmacological properties of methanol extracts of L. hyalina Ness root (MELHR). MELHR manifested strong radical scavenging activity in the reducing power and DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays, and phenol and flavonoid in the quantitative assays. In the study of the thrombolytic assay, MELHR showed moderate explicit percentage of clot lysis (29.39 ± 1.40%) with moderate (135.35 µg/mL) toxic properties. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the inhibition of hypotonicity-induced RBC hemolysis, whereas the plant extract exhibited a significant (pp ˂ 0.005) dose-dependent inhibition and the highest inhibition was found 55.01 ± 3.22% at 1000 µg/mL concentration. Moreover, the MELHR also showed significant (p < 0.005) dose-dependent potentiality on protein denaturation which is considered as antiarthritic activity, and the peak inhibition was found significant (71.97 ± 2.71%) at 1000 µg/mL concentration. MELHR also exhibited the dose-dependent and statistically significant anthelmintic potential on aquarium worm (Tubifex tubifex). So, the present investigation suggests that L. hyalina could be the best choice for the management of cardiovascular, inflammation, arthritis, and anthelmintic diseases. Further investigation should be necessary to determine behind the mechanism of bioactivity and therapeutic potential of this plant.
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Allaf BAW, Abdul-Hak M. Association between bruxism severity and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:827-835. [PMID: 35128822 PMCID: PMC9382056 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between bruxism and blood levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D. Material and Methods One hundred male and female patients from Damascus joined the study. Their ages were in the range of 18–40 years. Two groups were considered in this study, the first group included patients who were already suffering from bruxism (76 patients) and the second group consisted of patients who were not suffering from any bruxism (24 patients). The analysis of the blood samples for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels of the two groups was carried out. Results The recorded results showed that there is a relationship between the levels of bruxism and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration in the blood (p < .05), enhancing that the bruxism activity has been shown the associated deficiency in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels, which can be divided into five different categories. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study in spite of the number of patients (one hundred), according to the reported study, it appears that there is a significant relationship between bruxism and the level of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra A W Allaf
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.,Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab International University, Ghabaghib, Daraa Governorate, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mahmoud Abdul-Hak
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
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Increasing Inhibition of the Rat Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Decreases Glutathione Redox State, Elevating Anxiety and Perturbing Stress Adaptation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020182. [PMID: 35215295 PMCID: PMC8875720 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific inhibitors of mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) are administered to animals to model the downregulation of the enzyme as observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Comparison of the effects of succinyl phosphonate (SP, 0.02 mmol/kg) and its uncharged precursor, triethyl succinyl phosphonate (TESP, 0.02 and 0.1 mmol/kg) reveals a biphasic response of the rat brain metabolism and physiology to increasing perturbation of OGDH function. At the low (TE)SP dose, glutamate, NAD+, and the activities of dehydrogenases of 2-oxoglutarate and malate increase, followed by their decreases at the high TESP dose. The complementary changes, i.e., an initial decrease followed by growth, are demonstrated by activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase, and levels of oxidized glutathione and citrulline. While most of these indicators return to control levels at the high TESP dose, OGDH activity decreases and oxidized glutathione increases, compared to their control values. The first phase of metabolic perturbations does not cause significant physiological changes, but in the second phase, the ECG parameters and behavior reveal decreased adaptability and increased anxiety. Thus, lower levels of OGDH inhibition are compensated by the rearranged metabolic network, while the increased levels induce a metabolic switch to a lower redox state of the brain, associated with elevated stress of the animals.
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Balderas-Vazquez CL, Bernal-Morales B, Garcia-Montalvo EA, Vega L, Herrera-Huerta EV, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Velázquez-Hernández JF, Xotlanihua-Gervacio MDC, Valenzuela OL. Association Between Socio-Affective Symptoms and Glutathione and CD4 and CD8 Lymphocytes in College Students. Front Psychol 2022; 12:666347. [PMID: 35069302 PMCID: PMC8766728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in young students is associated with biosocial factors and scholastic stress. However, few studies have evaluated emotional-affective symptoms that are related to the immune system and antioxidant parameters in young individuals without diagnoses of affective disorders. Aim: This study aims to assess the relationship between emotional-affective symptoms and glutathione concentrations and CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts in college students. Methods: College students (n = 177) completed standardized psychometric instruments, including the Perceived Stress Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Familiar Social and Friends Support Scale, and Rosenberg Scale. Blood samples were biochemically analyzed. Analyses of variance were conducted between four groups according to symptom severity. Results: A considerable prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms was observed and negatively correlated with self-esteem and socio-familiar support. Perceived stress was sexually dimorphic. Although biochemical parameters were within reference ranges, glutathione, CD4, and CD8 tended to be lower in participants with anxiety and depression symptoms, which may be of predictive value. Conclusion: The relationship between antioxidant/immune parameters and socio-affective scores is latent in undiagnosed college students who might develop affective disorders. The findings suggest that during the initial development of affective disorders, stress management strategies should be implemented to help college students cope with the academic load and monitor negative changes in their physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blandina Bernal-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Libia Vega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Cecerska-Heryć E, Polikowska A, Serwin N, Roszak M, Grygorcewicz B, Heryć R, Michalczyk A, Dołęgowska B. Importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, a review. Neurochem Int 2021; 153:105269. [PMID: 34971747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as the persistent imbalance between the activity of toxic reactive forms of both oxygen and nitrogen and the antioxidant defense. In low concentrations, they are essential for the proper functioning of the body. Still, their excessive amount contributes to the damage of the biomolecules, consequently leading to various pathologies of the organism. Due to the lipid-rich brain structure, enormous oxygen consumption, and the lack of a sufficient antioxidant barrier make it highly susceptible to oxidative imbalance. Hence, oxidative stress has been linked to various psychiatric disorders. These diseases include all behavioral, emotional, and cognitive abnormalities associated with a significant impediment to social life. Each of the diseases in question: Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, is characterized by excessive oxidative stress. Considerable damages to DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and mitochondrial dysfunction, are observed. All conditions show increased lipid peroxidation, which appears to be typical of psychiatric disorders because the brain contains large amounts of these types of molecules. In addition, numerous abnormalities in the antioxidant defense are noted, but the results of studies on the activity of antioxidant enzymes differ significantly. The most promising biomarkers seem to be GSH in Alzheimer's disease as an early-stage marker of the disease and thioredoxin in schizophrenia as a marker for therapy monitoring. Data from the literature are consistent with the decrease in antioxidants such as vitamin C, E, uric acid, albumin, etc. Despite these numerous inconsistencies, it seems that oxidative stress is present in the course of psychiatric diseases. Still, it cannot be conclusively determined whether it is the direct cause of development, a consequence of other abnormalities at the biochemical or molecular level, or the result of the disease itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Polikowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Roszak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Heryć
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Drake DM, Wells PG. Novel mechanisms in alcohol neurodevelopmental disorders via BRCA1 depletion and BRCA1-dependent NADPH oxidase regulation. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102148. [PMID: 34736119 PMCID: PMC8577473 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer 1 protein (BRCA1) facilitates DNA repair, preventing embryolethality and protecting the fetus from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced developmental disorders mediated by oxidatively damaged DNA. Alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) exposure during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), characterized by aberrant behaviour and enhanced ROS formation and proteasomal protein degradation. Herein, ROS-producing NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity was higher in Brca1 +/- vs. +/+ fetal and adult brains, and further enhanced by a single EtOH exposure. EtOH also enhanced catalase and proteasomal activities, while conversely reducing BRCA1 protein levels without affecting Brca1 gene expression. EtOH-initiated adaptive postnatal freezing behaviour was lost in Brca1 +/- progeny. Pretreatment with the free radical spin trap and ROS inhibitor phenylbutylnitrone blocked all EtOH effects, suggesting ROS-dependent mechanisms. This is the first in vivo evidence of NOX regulation by BRCA1, and of EtOH-induced, ROS-mediated depletion of BRCA1, revealing novel mechanisms of BRCA1 protection in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Drake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter G Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Anxiogenic Potential of Experimental Sleep Fragmentation Is Duration-Dependent and Mediated via Oxidative Stress State. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2262913. [PMID: 34471462 PMCID: PMC8405322 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2262913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep architecture alterations, among which sleep fragmentation is highly prevalent, represent risk factors for a variety of diseases, ranging from cardiovascular to brain disorders, including anxiety. What mediates anxiety occurrence upon sleep fragmentation is still a matter of debate. We hypothesized that the sleep fragmentation effects on anxiety are dependent on its duration and mediated by increased oxidative stress and alterations in the number of parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons in the hippocampus. Sleep was fragmented in rats by the treadmill method during a period of 14 days (SF group). Rats with undisturbed sleep in the treadmill (TC group) and those receiving equal amounts of treadmill belt motion (EC group) served as controls. To assess anxiety, we subjected rats to the open field, elevated plus maze, and light-dark tests on the 0, 7th, and 14th day. Upon the last test, brain structures were sampled for oxidative stress assessment and PV+ interneuron immunohistochemistry. The results of ethological tests of anxiety-linked behavior suggested duration-dependent anxiogenic potential of sleep fragmentation. Rats' anxiety-linked behavior upon sleep fragmentation significantly correlated with oxidative stress. The rats with fragmented sleep (SF) showed significantly higher oxidative stress in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex, compared to controls (TC and EC), while the antioxidant enzymes' activity was significantly decreased. No significant differences were observed in hippocampal PV+ interneurons among these groups. Our results showed that duration of sleep fragmentation is a significant determinant of anxiety-linked behavior, and these effects are mediated through oxidative distress in the brain. Herein, it is revealed that the sleep fragmentation-oxidative stress-anxiety axis contributes to our better understanding of pathophysiological processes, occurring due to disrupted sleep patterns.
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Mohammadi AH, Balandeh E, Milajerdi A. Malondialdehyde concentrations in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:34. [PMID: 34134751 PMCID: PMC8210354 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to investigate serum and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in comparison to healthy controls. METHODS Following the PRISMA protocol, we searched for the relevant studies through the databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and web of science until September 2019 with no time restriction. Overall, nine studies were included in the current meta-analysis. Data were pooled using a random-effects model; in addition, standard mean difference (SMD) and/or weight mean difference (WMD) was calculated. Cochran's Q test and I-square (I2) statistics were used to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Statistical analyses were done using the STATA version 14. RESULTS Our systematic review included nine case-control studies (including 367 cases and 337 controls). Pooling findings from these studies showed a significantly higher MDA level in OCD patient compared to control groups (SMD = 1.62; 95% CI [0.53, 2.72]; I2 = 96.9%; Pheterogeneity (Ph) < 0.001). This finding remained unchanged among studies which reported MDA in the same unit (WMD = 1.93; 95% CI [0.27, 3.59]; I2 = 99.2%; Ph < 0.001). Subgroup analysis by the study location and sample size revealed findings that were also significant. CONCLUSION We found that MDA levels are higher in OCD patients than healthy controls. This finding highlights the importance of inflammatory responses in OCD patients that should be considered for future investigations. Further studies are recommended to expand current knowledge on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS), Kashan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Balandeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS), Kashan, Iran.
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Subcortical gray matter volumes in asthma: associations with asthma duration, control, and anxiety. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2341-2350. [PMID: 31501976 PMCID: PMC8116327 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma as a chronic inflammatory disease can be expected to affect central nervous system structures but little is known about subcortical structures in asthma and their potential association with illness-specific outcomes and anxiety. A total of 40 young adults (20 with asthma and 20 gender- and age-matched controls) underwent high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scan, viewed short distressing film clips, and filled in questionnaires about anxious and depressed mood, as well as asthma history, control, and catastrophizing thoughts about asthma, for those with asthma. The structural scans were processed in FSL's FIRST program to delineate subcortical structures of interest: amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, pallidum, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, and thalamus. Findings showed no general reduction in subcortical gray matter volumes in asthma compared to controls. Asthma duration, asthma control, and catastrophizing of asthma and asthma attacks were negatively associated with volumes of putamen and pallidum, and to a weaker extent thalamus and amygdala, while controlling for gender, age, and corticosteroid inhaler use. In addition, stronger anxiety in response to distressing films was associated with lower volume of the pallidum, whereas general anxious and depressed mood was unrelated to subcortical structures. Thus, although there are no subcortical structural differences between young adults with asthma and healthy controls, longer asthma history, suboptimal management, and illness-related anxiety are reflected in lower gray matter volumes of subcortical structures, further emphasizing the importance of maintaining optimal asthma control.
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Bhandari R, Kaur J, Kaur S, Kuhad A. The Nrf2 pathway in psychiatric disorders: pathophysiological role and potential targeting. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:115-139. [PMID: 33557652 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1887141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: All psychiatric disorders exhibit excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neural damage as their common characteristic. The endogenous nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is implicated in the defense mechanism against oxidative stress and has a significant role in psychiatric disorders.Areas covered: We explore the role of Nrf2 pathway and its modulators in psychiatric disorders. The literature was searched utilizing various databases such as Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Pub-Med, and Google Scholar from 2010 to 2020. The search included research articles, clinical reports, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.Expert opinion: Environmental factors and genetic predisposition can be a trigger for the development of psychiatric disorders. Nrf2 downregulates certain inflammatory pathways and upregulates various antioxidant enzymes to maintain a balance. However, its intricate balance with NF-Kβ (Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells) and its crosstalk with the transcription factor Nrf2 is critical in severe oxidative stress. Several Nrf2 modulators are now in clinical trials and can help reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. There are immense potential opportunities for these modulators to become a novel therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Simerpreet Kaur
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Šutulović N, Grubač Ž, Šuvakov S, Jerotić D, Puškaš N, Macut D, Rašić-Marković A, Simić T, Stanojlović O, Hrnčić D. Experimental Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior: The Role of Brain Oxidative Stress, Serum Corticosterone, and Hippocampal Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687493. [PMID: 33815658 PMCID: PMC7990537 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of the brain-related comorbidities in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) are still largely unknown, although CP/CPPS is one of the major urological problems in middle-aged men, while these neuropsychological incapacities considerably diminish life quality. The objectives of this study were to assess behavioral patterns in rats with CP/CPPS and to determine whether these patterns depend on alterations in the brain oxidative stress, corticosterone, and hippocampal parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. Adult male Wistar albino rats from CP/CPPS (intraprostatic injection of 3% λ-carrageenan, day 0) and sham (0.9% NaCl) groups were subjected to pain and anxiety-like behavior tests (days 2, 3, and 7). Afterwards, rats were sacrificed and biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Scrotal allodynia and prostatitis were proven in CP/CPPS, but not in sham rats. Ethological tests (open field, elevated plus maze, and light/dark tests) revealed significantly increased anxiety-like behavior in rats with CP/CPPS comparing to their sham-operated mates starting from day 3, and there were significant intercorrelations among parameters of these tests. Increased oxidative stress in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex, as well as increased serum corticosterone levels and decreased number of hippocampal PV+ neurons, was shown in CP/CPPS rats, compared to sham rats. Increased anxiety-like behavior in CP/CPPS rats was significantly correlated with these brain biochemical and hippocampal immunohistochemical alterations. Therefore, the potential mechanisms of observed behavioral alterations in CP/CPPS rats could be the result of an interplay between increased brain oxidative stress, elevated serum corticosterone level, and loss of hippocampal PV+ interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Šutulović
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Grubač
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Šuvakov
- Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djurdja Jerotić
- Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nela Puškaš
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Đ. Kostić”, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, CCS, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Rašić-Marković
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simić
- Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Santiago Santana JM, Vega-Torres JD, Ontiveros-Angel P, Bin Lee J, Arroyo Torres Y, Cruz Gonzalez AY, Aponte Boria E, Zabala Ortiz D, Alvarez Carmona C, Figueroa JD. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a rat model of co-morbid obesity and psychogenic stress. Behav Brain Res 2021; 400:112995. [PMID: 33301815 PMCID: PMC8713435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition for a reciprocal, bidirectional link between anxiety disorders and obesity. Although the mechanisms linking obesity and anxiety remain speculative, this bidirectionality suggests shared pathophysiological processes. Neuroinflammation and oxidative damage are implicated in both pathological anxiety and obesity. This study investigates the relative contribution of comorbid diet-induced obesity and stress-induced anxiety to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS Thirty-six (36) male Lewis rats were divided into four groups based on diet type and stress exposure: 1) control diet unexposed (CDU) and 2) exposed (CDE), 3) Western-like high-saturated fat diet unexposed (WDU) and 4) exposed (WDE). Neurobehavioral tests were performed to assess anxiety-like behaviors. The catalytic concentrations of glutathione peroxidase and reductase were measured from plasma samples, and neuroinflammatory/oxidative stress biomarkers were measured from brain samples using Western blot. Correlations between behavioral phenotypes and biomarkers were assessed with Pearson's correlation procedures. RESULTS We found that WDE rats exhibited markedly increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (185 %), catalase protein (215 %), and glutathione reductase (GSHR) enzymatic activity (418 %) relative to CDU rats. Interestingly, the brain protein levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase were positively associated with body weight and behavioral indices of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results support a role for neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in heightened emotional reactivity to obesogenic environments and psychogenic stress. Uncovering adaptive responses to obesogenic environments characterized by high access to high-saturated fat/high-sugar diets and toxic stress has the potential to strongly impact how we treat psychiatric disorders in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Santiago Santana
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Julio D Vega-Torres
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Perla Ontiveros-Angel
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jeong Bin Lee
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yaria Arroyo Torres
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico; Universidad Metropolitana de Cupey Sciences and Technology School, Puerto Rico
| | - Alondra Y Cruz Gonzalez
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Esther Aponte Boria
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Deisha Zabala Ortiz
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Carolina Alvarez Carmona
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Johnny D Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
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Fahad FI, Barua N, Islam MS, Sayem SAJ, Barua K, Uddin MJ, Chy MNU, Adnan M, Islam MN, Sayeed MA, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J, Pagano E, Capasso R. Investigation of the Pharmacological Properties of Lepidagathis hyalina Nees through Experimental Approaches. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030180. [PMID: 33668978 PMCID: PMC7996513 DOI: 10.3390/life11030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepidagathis hyalina Nees is used locally in Ayurvedic medicine to treat coughs and cardiovascular diseases. This study explored its pharmacological potential through in vivo and in vitro approaches for the metabolites extracted (methanolic) from the stems of L. hyalina. A qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of numerous secondary metabolites. The methanol extract of L. hyalina stems (MELHS) showed a strong antioxidative activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays, and in the quantitative (phenolic and flavonoid) assay. Clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassays were applied to investigate the thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities, respectively. MELHS exhibited an expressive percentage of clot lysis (33.98%) with a moderately toxic (115.11 μg/mL) effect. The in vivo anxiolytic activity was studied by an elevated plus maze test, whereas the antidepressant activity was examined by a tail suspension test and forced swimming test. During the anxiolytic evaluation, MELHS exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction of anxiety, in which the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract showed 78.77 ± 4.42% time spent in the open arm in the elevated plus maze test. In addition, MELHS demonstrated dose-dependent and significant activities in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, whereas the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract showed 87.67 ± 6.40% and 83.33 ± 6.39% inhibition of immobile time, respectively. Therefore, the current study suggests that L. hyalina could be a potential source of anti-oxidative, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant agents. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism behind the bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fowzul Islam Fahad
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Niloy Barua
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Md. Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Syed Al Jawad Sayem
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Koushik Barua
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Mohammad Jamir Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Md. Nazim Uddin Chy
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Md. Adnan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Mohammed Aktar Sayeed
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); (R.C.); Tel.: +880-1554-310162 (M.A.S.); +880-1819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387000 (J.S.-G.); +39-081-678664 (R.C.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); (R.C.); Tel.: +880-1554-310162 (M.A.S.); +880-1819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387000 (J.S.-G.); +39-081-678664 (R.C.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus—University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); (R.C.); Tel.: +880-1554-310162 (M.A.S.); +880-1819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387000 (J.S.-G.); +39-081-678664 (R.C.)
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); (R.C.); Tel.: +880-1554-310162 (M.A.S.); +880-1819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387000 (J.S.-G.); +39-081-678664 (R.C.)
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Savage K, Kingshott D, Gubko A, Thee AW, Burjawi T, Croft K, Sarris J, Stough C. The Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Anxiety in a Healthy Older Population. Exp Aging Res 2021; 47:322-346. [PMID: 33616006 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1883966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background/study context: F2-Isoprostanes are putative markers of oxidative stress, one of the processes associated with biological senescence. Evidence exists for elevated F2-Isoprostanes in chronic conditions including psychiatric disorders. Few studies have examined the relationship between oxidative stress and mood in older healthy samples, to establish the influence on mental health. Given current aging demographics in many nations, management of brain and mental health is crucial for longevity, chronic disease management, and quality of life.Method: We investigated the relationship between F2-Isoprostanes, a marker for oxidative stress, and anxiety and mood in 262 healthy adults aged 60-75 years, using baseline data from the Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI; ANZCTR12611000487910), a 12-month nutraceutical intervention study.Results: Higher F2 levels significantly predicted increased Depression-dejection and Anger-hostility subscale scores from the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Fatigue-inertia subscale was predicted by increased Body Mass Index. Spielberger State-Trait Inventory (STAI) scores were significantly higher in females.Conclusion: While the primary outcome data did not find a definitive relationship between F2 and total mood or general anxiety levels, the sub-scale data adds weight toward growing literature that biological processes such as oxidative stress are in part related to mood. This is a modifiable risk factor contributing to physical and mental wellbeing that are crucial to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Savage
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia.,Professorial Unit, the Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Richmond, Australia
| | - Davy Kingshott
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Andrew Gubko
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Alicia Wt Thee
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Tamer Burjawi
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Professorial Unit, the Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Richmond, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
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Investigation of Potential Antioxidant, Thrombolytic and Neuropharmacological Activities of Homalomena aromatica Leaves Using Experimental and In Silico Approaches. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040975. [PMID: 33673167 PMCID: PMC7918836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Homalomena aromatica are traditionally used in Bangladesh for the treatment of different chronic ailments. The purpose of this study was to explore in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic activities, and in vivo neuropharmacological effects of methanolic extract of Homalomena aromatica (MEHA) leaves. Antioxidant activity of MEHA was assessed by a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and total phenolics content, total flavonoids content were also measured. The thrombolytic activity was determined by percentage of clot lysis and neuropharmacological activities by hole board, tail suspension, forced swimming and elevated plus maze tests. The results showed that the IC50 value of the extract against DPPH was 199.51 μg/mL. Quantitative analysis displayed higher contents of phenolics and flavonoids (147.71 mg gallic acid equivalent/g & 66.65 mg quercetin equivalent/g dried extract, respectively). The extract also showed a significant clot lysis (33.31%) activity. In case of anxiolytic activity, the elevate plus maze (EPM) test demonstrated an increase in time spent in open arms, and in case of hole board test, the number of head dipping was also significantly increased (p < 0.05). All the test compared with control (1% Tween in water) and standard (diazepam 1 mg/kg), significant dose (200 & 400 mg/kg) dependent anxiolytic activity was found. In antidepressant activity, there was a significant decrease in period of immobility in both test models (tail suspension and forced swimming) (p < 0.05). Moreover, 13 compounds were identified as bioactive, showed good binding affinities to xanthine oxidoreductase, tissue plasminogen activator receptor, potassium channel receptor, human serotonin receptor targets in molecular docking experiments. Furthermore, ADME/T analysis revealed their drug-likeness, likely pharmacological actions and non-toxic upon consumption. Taken together, our finding support the traditional medicinal use of this plant, which may provide a potential source for future drug discovery.
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Emon NU, Alam S, Rudra S, Riya SR, Paul A, Hossen SMM, Kulsum U, Ganguly A. Antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipyretic, and thrombolytic profiling of methanol extract of the aerial part of Piper nigrum: In vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:833-846. [PMID: 33598167 PMCID: PMC7866625 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper nigrum L. also called black pepper is popular for its numerous uses. The present research is designed to investigate the pharmacological potential of methanol extract of Piper nigrum (MEPN). The antidepressant investigation was performed by using both in vivo forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) methods while the anxiolytic research by hole-board test (HBT) method. Again, the antipyretic analysis was conducted through yeast-induced pyrexia method, whereas clot lysis activity was employed by the thrombolytic method. Furthermore, in silico studies followed by molecular docking analysis of several secondary metabolites, pass prediction, and ADME/T were evaluated with AutoDock Vina, Discovery Studio 2020, UCSF Chimera software PASS online, and ADME/T online tools. The plant extract demonstrated dose-dependent potentiality in antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipyretic, and thrombolytic activities. Induction of MEPN produced a significant (p < .5, p < .001) increase of mobility in FST and TST, and increased the head dipping and decreased the latency of time (p < .01, p < .001) in HBT. MEPN 400 (mg/kg; b.w.; p.o.) lowered the rectal temperature of yeast-induced pyrexia substantially (p < .001). Besides, MEPN produced promising (p < .001) clot lysis activity. In the computational approach, among all the proteins, a docking score was found ranging from -1.0 to -7.90 kcal/mol. Besides, all the compounds were found safe in ADME/T study. The results of our scientific research validate the suitability of this plant as an alternative source of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of PharmacyState University of BangladeshDhakaBangladesh
| | - Sajib Rudra
- Department of BotanyUniversity ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | | | - Avi Paul
- Department of PharmacySouthern University BangladeshChittagongBangladesh
| | | | - Ummay Kulsum
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Amlan Ganguly
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Most Effective Combination of Nutraceuticals for Improved Memory and Cognitive Performance in the House Cricket, Acheta domesticus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020362. [PMID: 33504066 PMCID: PMC7911739 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary intake of multivitamins, zinc, polyphenols, omega fatty acids, and probiotics have all shown benefits in learning, spatial memory, and cognitive function. It is important to determine the most effective combination of antioxidants and/or probiotics because regular ingestion of all nutraceuticals may not be practical. This study examined various combinations of nutrients to determine which may best enhance spatial memory and cognitive performance in the house cricket (Acheta domesticus (L.)). Methods: Based on the 31 possible combinations of multivitamins, zinc, polyphenols, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and probiotics, 128 house crickets were divided into one control group and 31 experimental groups with four house crickets in each group. Over eight weeks, crickets were fed their respective nutrients, and an Alternation Test and Recognition Memory Test were conducted every week using a Y-maze to test spatial working memory. Results: The highest-scoring diets shared by both tests were the combination of multivitamins, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids (VitZncPuf; Alternation: slope = 0.07226, Recognition Memory: slope = 0.07001), the combination of probiotics, polyphenols, multivitamins, zinc, and omega-3 PUFAs (ProPolVitZncPuf; Alternation: slope = 0.07182, Recognition Memory: slope = 0.07001), the combination of probiotics, multivitamins, zinc, and omega-3 PUFAs (ProVitZncPuf; Alternation: slope = 0.06999, Recognition Memory: slope = 0.07001), and the combination of polyphenols, multivitamins, zinc, and omega-3 PUFAs (PolVitZncPuf; Alternation: slope = 0.06873, Recognition Memory: slope = 0.06956). Conclusion: All of the nutrient combinations demonstrated a benefit over the control diet, but the most significant improvement compared to the control was found in the VitZncPuf, ProVitZncPuf, PolVitZncPuf, and ProPolVitZncPuf. Since this study found no significant difference between the performance and improvement of subjects within these four groups, the combination of multivitamins, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids (VitZncPuf) was concluded to be the most effective option for improving memory and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samskruthi Madireddy
- Independent Researcher, 1353 Tanaka Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kawai T, Takao K, Akter S, Abe M, Sakimura K, Miyakawa T, Okamura Y. Heterogeneity of microglial proton channel in different brain regions and its relationship with aging. J Neurochem 2021; 157:624-641. [PMID: 33404063 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The properties of microglia largely differ depending on aging as well as on brain regions. However, there are few studies that investigated the functional importance of such heterogeneous properties of microglia at the molecular level. Voltage-gated proton channel, Hv1/VSOP, could be one of the candidates which confers functional heterogeneity among microglia since it regulates brain oxidative stress in age-dependent manner. In this study, we found that Hv1/VSOP shows brain region-dependent heterogeneity of gene expression with the highest level in the striatum. We studied the importance of Hv1/VSOP in two different brain regions, the cerebral cortex and striatum, and examined their relationship with aging (using mice of different ages). In the cortex, we observed the age-dependent impact of Hv1/VSOP on oxidative stress, microglial morphology, and gene expression profile. On the other hand, we found that the age-dependent significance of Hv1/VSOP was less obvious in the striatum than the cortex. Finally, we performed a battery of behavioral experiments on Hv1/VSOP-deficient mice both at young and aged stages to examine the effect of aging on Hv1/VSOP function. Hv1/VSOP-deficient mice specifically showed a marked difference in behavior in light/dark transition test only at aged stages, indicating that anxiety state is altered in aged Hv1/VSOP mice. This study suggests that a combination of brain region heterogeneity and animal aging underscores the functional importance of Hv1/VSOP in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kawai
- Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Rebelo D, Correia AT, Nunes B. Acute and chronic effects of environmental realistic concentrations of simvastatin in danio rerio: evidences of oxidative alterations and endocrine disruptive activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103522. [PMID: 33144098 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their wide use, pharmaceuticals can be discarded, metabolized and excreted into the environment, potentially affecting aquatic organisms. Lipid-regulating drugs are among the most prescribed medications around the world, to control human cholesterol levels, in more than 20 million patients. Despite this massive use of lipid-regulating drugs, particularly simvastatin, the role of these drugs is not fully characterized and understood in terms of its potential toxicological effects at the environmental level. This work intended to characterize the toxicity of an acute (120 h post-fertilization) and chronic (60 days) exposure to the antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (in concentrations of 92.45, 184.9, 369.8, 739.6 and 1479.2 ng L-1), in the freshwater species zebrafish (Danio rerio). The concentrations hereby mentioned were implemented in both exposures, and were based on levels found in wastewater treatment plant influents (11.7 ± 3.2 μg L-1), effluents (2.65 ± 0.8 μg L-1) and Apies River (1.585 ± 0.3 μg L-1), located in Pretoria, South Africa and, particularly in the maximum levels found in effluents from wastewater treatment plants in Portugal (369.8 ng L-1). The acute effects were analysed focusing on behavioural endpoints (erratic and purposeful swimming), total distance travelled and swimming time), biomarkers of oxidative stress (the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), biotransformation (the activity of glutathione S-transferases) and lipid peroxidation (levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Animals chronically exposed were also histologically analysed for sex determination and gonadal developmental stages identification. In terms of acute exposure, significant alterations were reported in terms of behavioural alterations (hyperactivity), followed by a general reduction in all tested biomarkers. Also, the analysis of chronically exposed fish evidenced no alterations in sex ratio and maturation stages. In addition, the analysis of chronically exposed fish evidenced no alterations in terms of sexual characteristics, suggesting that the chronic exposure of Danio rerio to simvastatin does not alter the sex ratio and maturation stages of individuals. This assumption suggests that simvastatin did not act as an endocrine disruptor. Moreover, the metabolism, neuronal interactions and the antioxidant properties of SIM seem to have modulated the hereby-mentioned results of toxicity. Results from this assay allow inferring that simvastatin can have an ecologically relevant impact in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rebelo
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A T Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4550-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - B Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Ketogenic Diet: A Dietary Modification as an Anxiolytic Approach? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123822. [PMID: 33327540 PMCID: PMC7765029 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders comprise persistent, disabling conditions that are distributed across the globe, and are associated with the high medical and socioeconomic burden of the disease. Within the array of biopsychosocial treatment modalities—including monoaminergic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and CBT—there is an unmet need for the effective treatment of anxiety disorders resulting in full remission and recovery. Nutritional intervention may be hypothesized as a promising treatment strategy; in particular, it facilitates relapse prevention. Low-carbohydrate high-fat diets (LCHF) may provide a rewarding outcome for some anxiety disorders; more research is needed before this regimen can be recommended to patients on a daily basis, but the evidence mentioned in this paper should encourage researchers and clinicians to consider LCHF as a piece of advice somewhere between psychotherapy and pharmacology, or as an add-on to those two.
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Evaluation of pharmacological potentials of the aerial part of Achyranthes aspera L.: in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pase CS, Metz VG, Roversi K, Roversi K, Vey LT, Dias VT, Schons CF, de David Antoniazzi CT, Duarte T, Duarte M, Burger ME. Trans fat intake during pregnancy or lactation increases anxiety-like behavior and alters proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid receptor levels in the hippocampus of adult offspring. Brain Res Bull 2020; 166:110-117. [PMID: 33242520 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Changes in dietary habits, including the increased consumption of processed foods, rich in trans fatty acids (TFA), have profound effects on offspring health in later life. Thus, this study aimed to assess the influence of maternal trans fat intake during pregnancy or lactation on anxiety behavior, as well as markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) of adult male offspring. Female Wistar rats were supplemented daily with soybean oil/fish oil (SO/FO) or hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) by oral gavage (3.0 g/kg body weight) during pregnancy or lactation. After weaning, male offspring received only standard diet. On the postnatal day 60, anxiety-like symptoms were assessed, the plasma was collected for the quantification of cytokines levels and the hippocampus removed for biochemical and molecular analysis. Our findings have evidenced that offspring from HVF-supplemented dams during pregnancy or lactation showed significantly greater levels of anxiety behavior. HVF supplementation increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and these levels were higher in the lactation period. In contrast, HVF supplementation decreased plasma levels of IL-10 in relation to SO/FO in both periods. Biochemical evaluations showed higher reactive species generation, protein carbonyl levels and catalase activity in offspring from HVF-supplemented dams during lactation. In addition, offspring from HVF-supplemented dams showed decreased GR expression in both supplemented periods. Together, these data indicate that consumption of TFA in different periods of development may increase anxiety-like behavior at least in part via alterations in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and GR expression in limbic brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Simonetti Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vinícia Garzella Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Katiane Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciana Taschetto Vey
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100742. [PMID: 33081261 PMCID: PMC7603028 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical integrity of the brain is paramount to the function of the central nervous system, and oxidative stress is a key contributor to cerebral biochemical impairment. Oxidative stress, which occurs when an imbalance arises between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the efficacy of the antioxidant defense mechanism, is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. One such disorder, schizophrenia, not only causes lifelong disability but also induces severe emotional distress; however, because of its onset in early adolescence or adulthood and its progressive development, consuming natural antioxidant products may help regulate the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, elucidating the functions of ROS and dietary antioxidants in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia could help formulate improved therapeutic strategies for its prevention and treatment. This review focuses specifically on the roles of ROS and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, as well as the effects of nutrition, antipsychotic use, cognitive therapies, and quality of life on patients with schizophrenia. By improving our understanding of the effects of various nutrients on schizophrenia, it may become possible to develop nutritional strategies and supplements to treat the disorder, alleviate its symptoms, and facilitate long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samskruthi Madireddy
- Independent Researcher, 1353 Tanaka Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-408-9214162
| | - Sahithi Madireddy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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Poplawski J, Radmilovic A, Montina TD, Metz GAS. Cardiorenal metabolic biomarkers link early life stress to risk of non-communicable diseases and adverse mental health outcomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13295. [PMID: 32764629 PMCID: PMC7413400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is one of the most critical determinants of lifetime health and increases the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. To gain insight into underlying environment-gene interactions, we analyzed the cardiorenal metabolome of adult mice exposed to multidimensional early-life transportation stress. Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, we show that early life stress permanently programs metabolic pathways in somatic organs linked to cardiorenal and mental health disorders in later life. Heart and kidneys of stressed mice revealed robust metabolic markers linked to abnormal energy metabolism, branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and degradation, methylhistidine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. These markers were strongly associated with anxiety-like behaviours. Dysregulation of energy and protein metabolism suggests an increased risk of metabolic diseases like insulin resistance, cardiorenal syndrome, diabetes, and obesity. These findings provide novel insights into the direct effects of early life stress on cardiorenal metabolism and are consistent with prior observations of increased non-communicable disease risk in stressed populations. Thus, stress-associated metabolic signatures in somatic organs may provide early predictors of health risks in later life and reveal new candidates for peripheral biomarker detection with diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Poplawski
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ana Radmilovic
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Tony D Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Zhao R, Master BQ, Master BM, Cai Y. Improving Activity of Lycium Barbarum. Polysaccharide on Depressive Mice Induced by Reserpine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:1556-1565. [PMID: 32641963 PMCID: PMC6934982 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Depressive disorder will be the second highest disease burden worldwide, which will impair life quality, reduce productivity, and increase disability and mortality. Lycium barbarum. polysaccharide (LBP) is the main active fraction purified from Lycium barbarum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of LBP on depressive mice induced by reserpine, as well as the relevant mechanisms. The antidepressant effect of LBP was investigated by open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and antagonism of reserpine hypothermia and ptosis in mice. In addition, we examined the oxidative status and antioxidation power of striatum in both control and depressive mice with or without LBP treatment. To explore the mechanism of LBP on regulating antioxidants in the depressive mice, we detected the expression level of Bcl-2 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) in striatum of mice by western blotting. The results showed that administration with LBP for 4 consecutive weeks significantly increased locomotor activity, reduced the duration of immobility, and antagonized hypothermia and ptosis in mice induced by reserpine. Also, LBP treatment was able to reduce the lipid peroxidation (LPO) production, and enhance the antioxidation effect of the striatum in depressive mice. Furthermore, LBP inhibited the decreased extent of the apoptotic suppressors, Bcl-2 and PARP, which were markedly decreased after treatment with reserpine. The above results indicated that LBP possess antidepressant activities, probably via its powerful antioxidative properties and then decreased the apoptosis of striatum neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Bing Qiu Master
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, 82 Zhongshan Road, Harbin, 150036, P. R. China
| | - Baoling Ma Master
- Department of Physical education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, 360 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 163319, P. R. China
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Adnan M, Chy MNU, Kamal AM, Chowdhury KAA, Rahman MA, Reza ASMA, Moniruzzaman M, Rony SR, Nasrin MS, Azad MOK, Park CH, Lim YS, Cho DH. Intervention in Neuropsychiatric Disorders by Suppressing Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Signal and Exploration of In Silico Studies for Potential Lead Compounds from Holigarna caustica (Dennst.) Oken leaves. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E561. [PMID: 32268590 PMCID: PMC7226598 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Holigarna caustica (Dennst.), a popular plant used in folk medicine in Bangladesh, is often used by the local folk practitioner to treat a variety of chronic diseases. The present research is an attempt to find out an innovative therapeutic prospect for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders. The methanol extract of H. caustica leaves (MEHC) were utilized on various behavioral tests for assessing anxiolytic, anti-depressant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antioxidant potentials and quantitative phytochemicals were evaluated through spectrophotometric methods. Results revealed that treatment of MEHC (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced anxiety like behaviors in mice, particularly, 400 mg/kg efficiently improved % of entries and time spent (p < 0.05) in the open arms in elevated plus maze test, whereas, superior head dipping tendency (p < 0.05) was observed in hole-board test. In contrast, mice treated with 200 mg/kg revealed better anxiolytic effect in both open field and hole-cross tests. During antidepressant evaluation, mice administrated with MEHC exhibited active behaviors (swimming and struggling) in forced swimming and tail suspension tests. In parallel, MEHC manifested a noteworthy (p < 0.001) suppression of inflammatory response induced by histamine. The MEHC also showed strong antioxidant activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (IC50: 57.64 μg/mL) scavenging, H2O2 (IC50: 51.60 μg/mL) scavenging, and ferric reducing power assay. The levels of total phenol, flavonoid, flavonol, condensed tannin, and antioxidant were estimated as higher in MEHC. Moreover, 11 compounds were documented as bioactive, displayed good binding affinities to potassium channel receptor, human serotonin receptor, cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and 2), and xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme targets in molecular docking experiments. Furthermore, ADME/T and Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) analyses exposed their drug-likeness, nontoxic upon consumption, and likely pharmacological actions. Overall, the H. caustica is potentially bioactive as evident by in vivo, in vitro, and computational analysis. Our findings support the folkloric value of this plant, which may provide a potential source towards developing drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Adnan
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (M.O.K.A.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Md. Nazim Uddin Chy
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (M.N.U.C.); (K.A.A.C.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh
| | - A.T.M. Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (M.N.U.C.); (K.A.A.C.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Kazi Asfak Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (M.N.U.C.); (K.A.A.C.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
| | - A. S. M. Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (M.N.U.C.); (K.A.A.C.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Md. Moniruzzaman
- Designated Reference Institute for Chemical Measurement (DRiCM), Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh;
| | - Satyajit Roy Rony
- BCSIR Laboratories, Chittagong, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh;
| | - Mst. Samima Nasrin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (M.N.U.C.); (K.A.A.C.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Md Obyedul Kalam Azad
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (M.O.K.A.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Cheol Ho Park
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (M.O.K.A.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Young Seok Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (M.O.K.A.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Dong Ha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (M.O.K.A.); (C.H.P.)
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Adnan M, Chy MNU, Kamal AM, Azad MOK, Chowdhury KAA, Kabir MSH, Gupta SD, Chowdhury MAR, Lim YS, Cho DH. Comparative Study of Piper sylvaticum Roxb. Leaves and Stems for Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Properties Through in vivo, in vitro, and in silico Approaches. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E68. [PMID: 32218219 PMCID: PMC7235905 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper sylvaticum Roxb. is traditionally used by the indigenous people of tropical and subtropical countries like Bangladesh, India, and China for relieving the common cold or a variety of chronic diseases, such as asthma, chronic coughing, piles, rheumatic pain, headaches, wounds, tuberculosis, indigestion, and dyspepsia. This study tested anxiolytic and antioxidant activities by in vivo, in vitro, and in silico experiments for the metabolites extracted (methanol) from the leaves and stems of P. sylvaticum (MEPSL and MEPSS). During the anxiolytic evaluation analyzed by elevated plus maze and hole board tests, MEPSL and MEPSS (200 and 400 mg/kg, body weight) exhibited a significant and dose-dependent reduction of anxiety-like behavior in mice. Similarly, mice treated with MEPSL and MEPSS demonstrated dose-dependent increases in locomotion and CNS simulative effects in open field test. In addition, both extracts (MEPSL and MEPSS) also showed moderate antioxidant activities in DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing power assays compared to the standard, ascorbic acid. In parallel, previously isolated bioactive compounds from this plant were documented and subjected to a molecular docking study to correlate them with the pharmacological outcomes. The selected four major phytocompounds displayed favorable binding affinities to potassium channel and xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme targets in molecular docking experiments. Overall, P. sylvaticum is bioactive, as is evident through experimental and computational analysis. Further experiments are necessary to evaluate purified novel compounds for the clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Adnan
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (M.O.K.A.)
| | - Md. Nazim Uddin Chy
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (M.N.U.C.); (K.A.A.C.); (M.S.H.K.)
- Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh; (S.D.G.); (M.A.R.C.)
| | - A.T.M. Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (M.N.U.C.); (K.A.A.C.); (M.S.H.K.)
| | - Md Obyedul Kalam Azad
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (M.O.K.A.)
| | - Kazi Asfak Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (M.N.U.C.); (K.A.A.C.); (M.S.H.K.)
| | - Mohammad Shah Hafez Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (M.N.U.C.); (K.A.A.C.); (M.S.H.K.)
- Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh; (S.D.G.); (M.A.R.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shaibal Das Gupta
- Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh; (S.D.G.); (M.A.R.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashiqur Rahman Chowdhury
- Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh; (S.D.G.); (M.A.R.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Young Seok Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (M.O.K.A.)
| | - Dong Ha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (M.O.K.A.)
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Salvi A, Salim S. Neurobehavioral Consequences of Traffic-Related Air Pollution. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1232. [PMID: 31824243 PMCID: PMC6881276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is a major contributor to global air pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that air pollution due to gasoline and diesel emissions from internal combustion engines of automobiles, trucks, locomotives, and ships leads to 800,000 premature deaths annually due to pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological complications. It has been observed that individuals living and working in areas of heavy vehicle traffic have high susceptibility to anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits. Information regarding the mechanisms that potentially lead to detrimental mental health effects of TRAP is gradually increasing. Several studies have suggested that TRAP is associated with adverse effects in the central nervous system (CNS), primarily due to increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Animal studies have provided further useful insights on the deleterious effects of vehicle exhaust emissions (VEEs). The mechanistic basis for these effects is unclear, although gasoline and diesel exhaust-induced neurotoxicity seems the most plausible cause. Several important points emerge from these studies. First, TRAP leads to neurotoxicity. Second, TRAP alters neurobehavioral function. Exactly how that happens remains unclear. This review article will discuss current state of the literature on this subject and potential leads that have surfaced from the preclinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Salvi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Kumar M, Chail M. Sucrose and saccharin differentially modulate depression and anxiety-like behavior in diabetic mice: exposures and withdrawal effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3095-3110. [PMID: 31073738 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sugar has addictive potential owing to increase in monoaminergic-transmission at pleasure and reward centers of brain. Insulin dysfunction triggered synaptic monoamine deficit is associated with sugar overeating and craving-related psychological changes in diabetic patients. Sugar-substitute (saccharin) is non-caloric artificial sweetener that may alleviate brain disorders in diabetes. OBJECTIVES In present study, effects of sucrose and sugar-substitute (saccharin) exposures and withdrawal on depression and anxiety-like behavior in type 2 diabetic mice were assessed. METHODS Swiss albino mice were injected with streptozotocin (135 mg/kg). After induction of diabetes, mice were exposed to a two-bottle water-water, 10% sucrose-water, or 10% saccharin-water choice paradigm for 28 days. Separate groups were employed to assess withdrawal effect of sucrose or saccharin in diabetic mice. Monoamine oxidase (MAO), corticosterone, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were quantified after behavioral tests. RESULTS Diabetic mice manifested preference towards 10% sucrose or saccharin over water. Sucrose-overeating by diabetic mice amplified symptoms of depression and anxiety; however, withdrawal further exaggerated these behavioral abnormalities. Substitution of sucrose by 10% saccharin attenuated the depressive and anxiety-like behavior in comparison to diabetic mice that were exposed separately to water-water or sucrose-water alone, and with respect to normal mice. Although withdrawal from saccharin resurfaced behavioral anomalies in diabetic mice, however, these were significantly low in comparison with withdrawal from sucrose or normal group. Reinstatement of exposure to saccharin mitigated symptoms of depression and anxiety in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Preference of sucrose overeating augments while saccharin mitigates depressive and anxiety behavior during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Monica Chail
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
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Oxidative Stress Mediates Anxiety-Like Behavior Induced by High Caffeine Intake in Zebrafish: Protective Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8419810. [PMID: 31772712 PMCID: PMC6854957 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8419810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is a common symptom associated with high caffeine intake. Although the neurochemical mechanisms of caffeine-induced anxiety remain unclear, there are some evidences suggesting participation of oxidative stress. Based on these evidences, the current study is aimed at evaluating the possible protective effect of alpha-tocopherol (TPH) against anxiety-like behavior induced by caffeine (CAF) in zebrafish. Adult animals were treated with CAF (100 mg/kg) or TPH (1 mg/kg)+CAF before behavioral and biochemical evaluations. Oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain was evaluated by a lipid peroxidation assay, and anxiety-like behavior was monitored using light/dark preference and novel tank diving test. Caffeine treatment evoked significant elevation of brain MDA levels in the zebrafish brain, and TPH treatment prevented this increase. Caffeine treatment also induced anxiety-like behavior, while this effect was not observed in the TPH+CAF group. Taken together, the current study suggests that TPH treatment is able to inhibit oxidative stress and anxiety-like behavior evoked by caffeine.
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Sartori SB, Singewald N. Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107402. [PMID: 31470029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Current medication for anxiety disorders is suboptimal in terms of efficiency and tolerability, highlighting the need for improved drug treatments. In this review an overview of drugs being studied in different phases of clinical trials for their potential in the treatment of fear-, anxiety- and trauma-related disorders is presented. One strategy followed in drug development is refining and improving compounds interacting with existing anxiolytic drug targets, such as serotonergic and prototypical GABAergic benzodiazepines. A more innovative approach involves the search for compounds with novel mechanisms of anxiolytic action using the growing knowledge base concerning the relevant neurocircuitries and neurobiological mechanisms underlying pathological fear and anxiety. The target systems evaluated in clinical trials include glutamate, endocannabinoid and neuropeptide systems, as well as ion channels and targets derived from phytochemicals. Examples of promising novel candidates currently in clinical development for generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder include ketamine, riluzole, xenon with one common pharmacological action of modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, as well as the neurosteroid aloradine. Finally, compounds such as D-cycloserine, MDMA, L-DOPA and cannabinoids have shown efficacy in enhancing fear-extinction learning in humans. They are thus investigated in clinical trials as an augmentative strategy for speeding up and enhancing the long-term effectiveness of exposure-based psychotherapy, which could render chronic anxiolytic drug treatment dispensable for many patients. These efforts are indicative of a rekindled interest and renewed optimism in the anxiety drug discovery field, after decades of relative stagnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone B Sartori
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Antioxidant Effects of Satureja hortensis L. Attenuate the Anxiogenic Effect of Cisplatin in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8307196. [PMID: 31467638 PMCID: PMC6701305 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8307196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous adverse effects of cisplatin-based therapy are usually accompanied by enhanced oxidative damage and cell apoptosis in various tissues. Even neurotoxic manifestations of cisplatin administration, such as the anxiogenic effect, appear along with the increased oxidative stress and apoptotic indicators in certain brain regions. Thirty-five Wistar albino male rats were divided into seven groups: control, cisplatin (received a single dose of cisplatin: 7.5 mg/kg), three groups with oral administration of Satureja hortensis L. methanolic extract (SH) (low: 50 mg/kg, middle: 100 mg/kg, and high dose: 200 mg/kg) along with cisplatin application, a group with the extract in high dose alone, and a silymarin group (cisplatin and silymarin: 100 mg/kg), in order to evaluate the antioxidant effects of SH on cisplatin-induced increase in the anxiety level. After completing 10-day pretreatments, behavioral testing was performed in the open field and the elevated plus maze, followed by an investigation of oxidative stress and apoptosis parameters in hippocampal tissue samples. Cisplatin administration resulted in anxiogenic-like behavior, increased lipid peroxidation, and proapoptotic markers accompanied by the decline in antioxidant and antiapoptotic defense. The administration of extract alone did not significantly alter any of the estimated parameters. When applied along with cisplatin, SH in a dose of 100 mg/kg induced the significant anxiolytic effect with concomitant recovery of antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity indicators, while both lower and higher doses of the extract failed to improve the adverse effects of cisplatin administration. The beneficial effects of the middle dose of SH were equivalent to the same dose of silymarin, as a “golden standard.” Our results indicate that the antioxidant supplementation with SH in an optimal dose significantly improved the oxidative status and it had antiapoptotic effect in the rat hippocampus disturbed by cisplatin administration, which was accompanied with attenuation of cisplatin-induced anxiogenic effect.
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Abstract
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, plays a role not only in calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also in several other functions, including cell growth and neuromuscular and immune function. The deficiency of vitamin D is highly prevalent throughout the world and has been suggested to be associated with an enhanced risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation has been investigated for the prevention and treatment of these disorders. This review presents preclinical and clinical evidence of the effects of vitamin D supplementation in these disorders. Although preclinical studies provide limited evidence on the possible mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of vitamin D for the management of these disorders, most of the clinical studies have indicated that vitamin D supplementation is associated with the reduction of symptoms of depression and anxiety, particularly when the supplementation was carried out in individuals with an MDD diagnosis (of the 13 studies in which MDD diagnosis was established, 12 had positive results with vitamin supplementation). However, some heterogeneity in the outcomes was observed and might be associated with an absence of overt psychiatric symptoms in several studies, genetic polymorphisms that alter vitamin D metabolism and bioavailability, differences in the supplementation regimen (monotherapy, adjunctive therapy, or large bolus dosing), and levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) at baseline (individuals with low vitamin D status may respond better) and attained after supplementation. Additionally, factors such as sex, age, and symptom severity also need to be further explored in relation to the effects of vitamin D. Therefore, although vitamin D may hold significant potential for mental health, further preclinical and clinical studies are clearly necessary to better understand its role on mood/affect modulation.
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Queiroz MP, Lima MDS, de Melo MFFT, Bertozzo CCDMS, de Araújo DF, Guerra GCB, Queiroga RDCRDE, Soares JKB. Maternal suppplementation with conjugated linoleic acid reduce anxiety and lipid peroxidation in the offspring brain. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:75-82. [PMID: 30236761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal consumption of fatty acids can alter neuronal membrane function, synaptic connections, and protect the brain from alterations caused by disturbances such as lipid peroxidation and anxiety in the offspring. We aimed to investigate how the maternal consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) interferes in anxiety behavior of the offspring and cerebral lipid peroxidation. METHODS Three groups were formed: control (CG) - diet without CLA; CLA1 - diet containing 1% of CLA; and CLA3 - diet containing 3% of CLA. These diets were offered to the mothers from the 7th day of gestation until the end of lactation. The following behavioral tests were used: Elevated plus maze (EPM), Open Field (OF) and Light-dark Box (LDB). Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione were measured in the offspring's brains. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sidak post-test or the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). RESULTS CLA1 and CLA3 showed higher number of entries in the open arms and time spent in the central area in EPM, they translocated and ambulated more in the clear area of the LDB and presented more rearing in the OF compared to CG (p < 0.05); moreover, they presented higher concentration of glutathione and lower MDA in brain tissue (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS We evaluated the effect of maternal consumption of CLA on anxiety and lipid peroxidation in rats' offspring, but a similar study should be performed in humans. CONCLUSIONS Maternal intake of CLA induced a decrease in the parameters of anxiety and cerebral lipid peroxidation in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelly Pires Queiroz
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil.
| | - Martiniano da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rita de Cassia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil; Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG, Brazil
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Santos P, Herrmann AP, Elisabetsky E, Piato A. Anxiolytic properties of compounds that counteract oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic dysfunction: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:168-178. [PMID: 30328963 PMCID: PMC6781690 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and the efficacy of the available anxiolytic drugs is less than desired. Adverse effects also compromise patient quality of life and adherence to treatment. Accumulating evidence shows that the pathophysiology of anxiety and related disorders is multifactorial, involving oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic dysfunction. The aim of this review was to evaluate data from animal studies and clinical trials showing the anxiolytic effects of agents whose mechanisms of action target these multiple domains. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for multitarget agents that had been evaluated in animal models of anxiety, as well as randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials of anxiety and/or anxiety related disorders. Results: The main multitarget agents that have shown consistent anxiolytic effects in various animal models of anxiety, as well in clinical trials, are agomelatine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and omega-3 fatty acids. Data from clinical trials are preliminary at best, but reveal good safety profiles and tolerance to adverse effects. Conclusion: Agomelatine, NAC and omega-3 fatty acids show beneficial effects in clinical conditions where mainstream treatments are ineffective. These three multitarget agents are considered promising candidates for innovative, effective, and better-tolerated anxiolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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