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Wu J, Zhao J, Zhang T, Gu Y, Khan IA, Zou Z, Xu Q. Naturally occurring physalins from the genus Physalis: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 191:112925. [PMID: 34487922 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Physalins, including physalins and neophysalins, are a class of highly oxygenated ergostane-type steroids. They are commonly known by the name of 16,24-cyclo-13,14-seco steroids, in which the disconnection of C-13 and C-14 produces an eight or nine-membered ring and the carbocyclization of C-16 and C-24 generates a new six-membered ring. Meanwhile, the oxidation of C-18 methyl to carboxyl group forms a 18,20-lactone, and the oxidation of C-14 and C-17 gets a heterocyclic oxygen acrossing rings C and D. Additionly, physalins frequently form an oxygen bridge to connect C-14 to C-27. Physalins are a kind of characteristic constituents from the species of the genus Physalis (Solanaceae), which are reported with a wide array of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antimicrobial, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal, antinociceptive, antidiabetic and some other activities. Herein,the research progress of physalins from the genus Physalis during the decade from 1970 to 2021 on phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and application in China are systematically presented and discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, RE42 6EY, UK
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Zhongmei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Design and synthesis of new antitumor agents with the 1,7-epoxycyclononane framework. Study of their anticancer action mechanism by a model compound. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3379-3398. [PMID: 29784272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a new family of antitumor agents having the 1,7-epoxycyclononane framework. We have developed a versatile synthetic methodology that allows the preparation of a chemical library with structural diversity and in good yield. The synthetic methodology has been scaled up to the multigram level and can be developed in an enantioselective fashion. The study in vitro of a model compound, in front of the cancer cell lines HL-60 and MCF-7, showed a growth inhibitory effect better than that of cisplatin. The observation of cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy showed the presence of apoptotic bodies and a degradation of microtubules. The study of cell cycle and mechanism of death of cancer cells by flow cytometry indicates that the cell cycle arrested at the G0/G1 phase and that the cells died by apoptosis preferably over necrosis. A high percentage of apoptotic cells at the subG0/G1 level was observed. This indicates that our model compound does not behave as an antimitotic agent like nocodazole, used as a reference, which arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase. The interaction of anticancer agents with DNA molecules was evaluated by atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism and electrophoresis on agarose gel. The results indicate that the model compound has not DNA as a target molecule. The in silico study of the model compound showed a potential good oral bioavailability.
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Physalin B Suppresses Inflammatory Response to Lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7943140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physalin B from Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) is a naturally occurring secosteroid with multiple biological activities. But its anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism remain unclear. Physalin B effects on RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were observed in this study. The expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by LPS were significantly inhibited by physalin B. Meanwhile, the NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by LPS was inhibited by physalin B. The anti-inflammatory effects of physalin B could not be inhibited by mifepristone (RU486), the blocker of glucocorticoid receptor. In conclusion, physalin B can suppress inflammatory response to LPS in macrophages by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines via NF-κB signaling.
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Montaña ÁM, Ponzano S, Sanasi MF, Kociok-Köhn G. Synthesis of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1557-1580. [PMID: 29437174 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work deals with the synthesis of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products like physalins, with potential as antitumor agents. This synthetic methodology involves several key reactions: (a) synthesis of polyfunctionalized cycloheptenones by [4 + 3] cycloaddition reactions of furan precursors with oxyallyl cations; (b) Nicholas reaction with propargyl cations stabilized as dicobalt hexacarbonyl complexes; (c) demetallation and hydration of the resulting acetylenes; (d) stereoconvergent aldol cyclization to generate a key oxatricyclic intermediate and (e) a β-fragmentation process that affords, under hypoiodite photolysis, the desired product with moderate to good yield. The final compounds are the result of a radicalary β-fragmentation at the level of C2-C6 with respect to the tertiary hydroxyl group on C6, with an unexpected contraction from a ten- to a nine-membered ring system, via a radical addition to the carbonyl group on C4. The synthetic methodology has been scaled up to multigram level with good overall yield. Further biological, biochemical and biophysical studies are being carried out in our laboratory on these 1,7-epoxycyclononane derivatives to determine the potential of this kind of oxabicyclic compound as future hits and/or leads for the development of new anticancer drugs. The preliminary evaluation of the anticancer activity of the representative synthesized compounds, against the leukaemia cancer cell lines K-562 and SR, shows a promising activity with a GI50 = 0.01 μM and a LC50 = 7.4 μM for a conveniently functionalized 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel M Montaña
- Industrial and Applied Organic Chemistry Research Unity, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Barcelona, Martí Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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Kranjc E, Albreht A, Vovk I, Glavnik V. High performance thin-layer chromatography–mass spectrometry enables reliable analysis of physalins in different plant parts of Physalis alkekengi L. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1526:137-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zheng Y, Cao C, Lin M, Zhai Y, Ge Z, ShenTu J, Wu L, Hu X. Identification and quantitative analysis of physalin D and its metabolites in rat urine and feces by liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2355-2365. [PMID: 28388002 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Zheng
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Cong Cao
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Meihua Lin
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou PR China
| | - You Zhai
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Jianzhong ShenTu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Lihua Wu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Xingjiang Hu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou PR China
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Yang YJ, Yi L, Wang Q, Xie BB, Dong Y, Sha CW. Anti-inflammatory effects of physalin E from Physalis angulata on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells through inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:74-79. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1282514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Yang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangdong Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Yi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Bing Xie
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong-Wei Sha
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
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Men RZ, Li N, Ding WJ, Hu ZJ, Ma ZJ, Cheng L. Unprecedent aminophysalin from Physalis angulata. Steroids 2014; 88:60-5. [PMID: 24973634 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 95% ethanol extract of the whole plant of Physalis angulata Linn. afforded one new skeletal physalin named aminophysalin A (1) and one new naturally occurring 5β-hydroxy-6a-chloro-5,6-dihydrophysalin B (2), together with five known physalins (3-7). Their structures were elucidated through MS, IR, NMR spectroscopy analyses and X-ray crystallography. Aminophysalin A (1) had an absolutely unusual structural feature in the chemistry of physalins with a nitrogen atom. Compounds 1-7 were evaluated for quinone reductase activities in hepa 1c1c7 cells. Physalin H (6) showed strong quinone reductase induction activity with IR (Induction ratio, QR induction activity) value of 3.74±0.02, using 4-bromoflavone as a positive control substance (2.17±0.01, 10 μg/mL), while compounds 1, 2, 3, 5 showed weak quinone reductase induction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Men
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wan-Jing Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhi-Juan Hu
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhong-Jun Ma
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
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Ooi KL, Muhammad TST, Sulaiman SF. Physalin F from Physalis minima L. triggers apoptosis-based cytotoxic mechanism in T-47D cells through the activation caspase-3- and c-myc-dependent pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:382-388. [PMID: 24051023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Physalin F (a secosteroid derivative), is well recognized as a potent anticancer compound from Physalis minima L., a plant that is traditionally used to treat cancer. However, the exact molecular anticancer mechanism remains to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We have recently reported the apoptosis-based cytotoxic effect of the chloroform extract of this plant. Here, we investigated the cytotoxicity and possible cell death mechanism elicited by the active constituent, physalin F on human breast T-47D carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic-guided fractionation of the chloroform extract of Physalis minima has led to the isolation of physalin F. The cytotoxicity activity was assayed using MTS assay. The effect of the compound to induce apoptosis was determined by biochemical and morphological observations through DeadEnd Colorimetric and annexin V assays, respectively, and RT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of the apoptotic-associated genes. RESULTS Cytotoxicity screening of physalin F displayed a remarkable dose-dependent inhibitory effect on T-47D cells with lower EC50 value (3.60 μg/ml) than the crude extract. mRNA expression analysis revealed the co-regulation of c-myc- and caspase-3-apoptotic genes in the treated cells with the peak expression at 9 and 12h of treatment, respectively. This apoptotic mechanism is reconfirmed by DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine externalization. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that physalin F may potentially act as a chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent by triggering apoptosis mechanism via the activation of caspase-3 and c-myc pathways in T-47D cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheng Leong Ooi
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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Zheng Y, Chen Y, Ren Y, Luan L, Wu Y. An ultra-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of three physalins in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (Chinese lantern) in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 58:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Misico RI, Nicotra VE, Oberti JC, Barboza G, Gil RR, Burton G. Withanolides and related steroids. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 94:127-229. [PMID: 21833839 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0748-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana I Misico
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina.
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Pinto NB, Morais TC, Carvalho KMB, Silva CR, Andrade GM, Brito GAC, Veras ML, Pessoa ODL, Rao VS, Santos FA. Topical anti-inflammatory potential of Physalin E from Physalis angulata on experimental dermatitis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:740-743. [PMID: 20149612 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of physalin E, a seco-steroid isolated from Physalis angulata L. was evaluated on acute and chronic models of dermatitis induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and oxazolone, respectively, in mouse ear. The changes in ear edema/thickness, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histological and immunohistochemical findings were analysed, as indicators of dermal inflammation. Similar to dexamethasone, topically applied Physalin E (0.125; 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ear) potently inhibited the TPA and oxazolone-induced dermatitis, leading to substantial reductions in ear edema/thickness, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MPO activity. These effects were reversed by mifepristone, a steroid antagonist and confirmed by immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. The data suggest that physalin E may be a potent and topically effective anti-inflammatory agent useful to treat the acute and chronic skin inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Pinto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Ceará, Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, P.O.B - 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Montaña ÁM, Ponzano S, Kociok-Köhn G, Font-Bardia M, Solans X. Versatile Methodology to Synthesize Oxygen-Bridged Nine- and Ten-Membered Cycloalkanes by the Hypoiodite Reaction. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rocha DD, Militão GCG, Veras ML, Pessoa ODL, Silveira ER, Alves APNN, de Moraes MO, Pessoa C, Costa-Lotufo LV. Selective cytotoxicity of withaphysalins in myeloid leukemia cell lines versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Life Sci 2006; 79:1692-701. [PMID: 16824549 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Withaphysalins are C(28)-steroidal lactones structurally based on the ergostane skeleton that possess antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines. In the present study, the antileukemic actvity of withaphysalin O (1), M (2), and N (3) isolated from Acnistus arborescens, against two leukemic cell lines, HL-60 and K562, was evaluated, and the cytotoxicity compared with the effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). All tested compounds reduced the number of viable cells of the tumor cell lines after 24 h of exposure, except for compound 2 against the K562 cell line. The reduction was time-and concentration-dependent, and the IC(50) values ranged from 0.7 to 3.5 microM after 72 h of incubation. In addition to the growth inhibitory properties, the drugs decreased DNA synthesis after 24 h of drug exposure evaluated by the 5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine incorporation method. None of the tested compounds reduced the number of PBMC (IC(50)>20 microM) after 72 h of incubation, in contrast to doxorubicin that decreased viable cells and increased non-viable cells even after 24 h of incubation. Morphological analysis of treated cells using hematoxylin/eosin staining indicated the presence of necrotic cells for all tested compounds in HL-60, confirmed by the use of acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. In addition to necrotic cells, K562 cells showed morphological alterations consistent with apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Damasceno Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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