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AlNadhari S, Al-Qahtani WH, Bughio FA, Memon RA, Kamran MA, Toker ÖS, Dodona E, Biturku J, Maho A, Jaradat N, Zengin G, Mammadova AO, Azad AK, Güvensen A, Abdel KN. Scanning electron microscopic investigation on Chicory tribe (Compositae) botanical sources and their antimicrobial potential. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:2204-2211. [PMID: 38725294 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
This study discusses the micro-level structural details of Cichorieae pollen sources elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and explains their symmetry and morphometry. The in-depth knowledge from the electron ultrastructure of Asteraceae pollen has provided insights into enhanced pollen morphology, and the antimicrobial significance of species under study presents novel avenues for their natural defense mechanisms in the development of antimicrobial agents. In this research, both quantitative and qualitative features of pollen were examined. The pollen grains are prolate-spheroidal and oblate-spheroidal in shape, characterized by a maximum polar diameter of 55.6-61.0 μm and a maximum equatorial distance of 68.3-74.4 μm. SEM reveals various configurations such as echinate perforate-tectate, psilate, and echino-lophate perforate. The Cichorieae species have significant antimicrobial efficacy and are promising sources for the development of novel antimicrobial drugs with potential implications in pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. SEM analysis of Cichorieae pollens has provided remarkable insights into their unique structures, revealing diverse shapes and surface ornamentations, which can be used for accurate Asteraceae species identification. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: SEM provides unique pollen surface structures and patterns of Chicory pollen grains. Chemical composition of Chicory botanical sources provides valuable information on their potential as antimicrobial agents. SEM imaging reveals specialized fenestrate grain structures of taxonomic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh AlNadhari
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahidah H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rabia Asma Memon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Kamran
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ömer Said Toker
- Food Engineering Department, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erta Dodona
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy Sciences, Agriculture University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Jonida Biturku
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy Sciences, Agriculture University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Adrian Maho
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, "Fan S.Noli" University Korçë, Korçë, Albania
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Afat O Mammadova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aykut Güvensen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Turkey
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Acquavia MA, Bonomo MG, Bianco G, Salzano G, Gaeta C, Iannece P, Di Capua A, Giuzio F, Saturnino C. New piperazine and morpholine derivatives: Mass spectrometry characterization and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116202. [PMID: 38820833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Recently, pharmaceutical research has been focused on the design of new antibacterial drugs with higher selectivity towards several strains. Major issues concern the possibility to obtain compounds with fewer side effects, at the same time effectively overcoming the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Several solutions include the synthesis of new pharmacophores starting from piperazine or morpholine core units. Mass spectrometry-based techniques offer important support for the structural characterization of newly synthesized compounds to design safer and more effective drugs for various medical conditions. Here, two new piperazine derivatives and four new morpholine derivatives were synthesized and structurally characterized through a combined approach of Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) and Linear Trap Quadrupole (LTQ) mass spectrometry. The support of both high-resolution and low-resolution mass spectrometric data namely accurate mass measurements, isotopic distribution and MSn spectra, was crucial to confirm the success of the synthesis. These compounds were further evaluated for inhibitory activity against a total of twenty-nine Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to determine the action spectrum and the antimicrobial effectiveness. Results demonstrated compounds' antimicrobial activity against many tested bacterial species, providing an inhibitory effect linked to different chemical structure and suggesting that the new-synthesized derivatives could be considered as promising antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Acquavia
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bonomo
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy; Spinoff TNcKILLERS, Viale Dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Bianco
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy; Spinoff TNcKILLERS, Viale Dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Angela Di Capua
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Federica Giuzio
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy; Spinoff TNcKILLERS, Viale Dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy
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3
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Bonomo MG, Russo D, Faraone I, Milella L, Mang SM, Saturnino C, Sinicropi MS, Catalano A, Salzano G. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and quantitative screening of phytochemicals of Fraxinus excelsior L. and Eschscholtzia californica Cham. mother tinctures. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3033-3041. [PMID: 36355050 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2144849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Fraxinus excelsior L. and Eschscholtzia californica Cham. mother tinctures against a range of foodborne bacteria were investigated to determine the major components and to analyse the action spectrum and antimicrobial effectiveness of the extracts. Results demonstrated a significant antioxidant activity of Fraxinus excelsior L. and a lower activity of Eschscholtzia californica Cham. and a good chemical phenolic composition with the highest content of flavonoids. The Fraxinus excelsior L. and Eschscholtzia californica Cham. mother tinctures demonstrated a middle-high antimicrobial activity against, respectively, 66.67% and 43.33% of all tested bacteria. The inhibitory activity showed a moderate effect on the growth of the sensitive strains in presence of extracts minimum inhibitory concentration. The synergistic actions of bioactive compounds detected in the extracts might be on the basis of antioxidant and biological activities observed and should be used in pharmaceutical, food preservation, alternative medicine and natural therapies fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Bonomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Immacolata Faraone
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Mirela Mang
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambietali (SAFE), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Dipartmento di Farmacia, Salute e scienze della Nutrizione, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Zou D, Ji J, Ye Y, Yang Y, Yu J, Wang M, Zheng Y, Sun X. Degradation of Ochratoxin A by a UV-Mutated Aspergillus niger Strain. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050343. [PMID: 35622590 PMCID: PMC9146908 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that can contaminate a wide range of crops such as grains and grapes. In this study, a novel fungal mutant strain (FS-UV-21) with a high OTA degradation rate (74.5%) was obtained from Aspergillus niger irradiated with ultraviolet light (15 W for 20 min). The effect of pH, temperature, and inoculation concentration on the degradation of OTA by FS-UV-21 was investigated, and the results revealed that the detoxification effect was optimal (89.4%) at a pH of 8 and a temperature of 30 °C. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the degraded products of OTA, and the main degraded product was ochratoxin α. Triple quadrupole-linear ion trap-mass spectrometry combined with LightSight software was used to analyze the biotransformation pathway of OTA in FS-UV-21, to trace the degraded products, and to identify the main metabolite, P1 (C19H18ClNO6, m/z 404). After the FS-UV-21 strain was treated with OTA, the HepG2 cellular toxicity of the degradation products was significantly reduced. For the real sample, FS-UV-21 was used to remove OTA from wheat bran contaminated by mycotoxins through fermentation, resulting in the degradation of 59.8% of OTA in wheat bran. Therefore, FS-UV-21 can be applied to the degradation of OTA in agricultural products and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 214122, China;
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Green A, Padilla-Gonzalez GF, Phumthum M, Simmonds MSJ, Sadgrove NJ. Comparative Metabolomics of Reproductive Organs in the Genus Aesculus (Sapindaceae) Reveals That Immature Fruits Are a Key Organ of Procyanidin Accumulation and Bioactivity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2695. [PMID: 34961166 PMCID: PMC8708636 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fruit from A. hippocastanum L. are used commercially for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The isomeric mixture of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins (β-aescin) exert anti-inflammatory effects. Hence, research has focused on β-aescin, yet the diversity, accumulation, and bioactivity of organ-specific secondary metabolites represent missed pharmacological opportunities. To this end, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to the chemical profiles of flowers, immature fruits, and pedicels from 40 specimens across 18 species of Aesculus. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS-DA), and molecular networking revealed stronger chemical differences between plant organs, than between species. Flowers are rich in glycosylated flavonoids, pedicels in organic acids and flavonoid aglycones, and immature fruits in monomeric flavan-3-ols and procyanidins. Although a high diversity of flavonoids and procyanidins was observed, the relative amounts differed by plant organ. Fruit extracts demonstrated the strongest antifungal (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and antioxidant activity, likely from the procyanidins. Overall, secondary metabolite profiles are organ-specific, and fruits accumulate antifungal and antioxidant compounds. Due to the chemical similarity between species, similar effects may be achieved between species. This creates incentives for further exploration of the entire genus, in bioprospecting for potential therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Green
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond Surrey, London TW9 3AD, UK; (A.G.); (G.F.P.-G.); (M.P.); (M.S.J.S.)
| | | | - Methee Phumthum
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond Surrey, London TW9 3AD, UK; (A.G.); (G.F.P.-G.); (M.P.); (M.S.J.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Phutthamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Monique S. J. Simmonds
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond Surrey, London TW9 3AD, UK; (A.G.); (G.F.P.-G.); (M.P.); (M.S.J.S.)
| | - Nicholas J. Sadgrove
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond Surrey, London TW9 3AD, UK; (A.G.); (G.F.P.-G.); (M.P.); (M.S.J.S.)
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Bis-Thiourea Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Potential Agents against Bacterial Strains from Food and Environmental Matrices. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121466. [PMID: 34943678 PMCID: PMC8698647 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, communities and the environment has increasingly grown, so antibiotic resistance has become an urgent problem that requires a decisive and global intervention. Incorrect/unnecessary use of antibiotics contributes to increase the ability of microorganisms to develop resistance faster and faster. Research efforts must, therefore, be made to ensure a future in which antibiotic drugs will still be useful in combating infectious diseases. The search for new antibacterial compounds is fundamental. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated against selected bacterial strains from food and environmental matrices by using the Agar Well Diffusion Assay. A total of thirty-six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were employed to determine the action spectrum and the antimicrobial effectiveness of a small series of thiourea derivatives. Results showed that the highest activities were found for compounds 1 and 4. The important role of the alkyl chain length and/or guanidine moiety in the width of action spectrum was evidenced. Further studies will allow evaluating the efficacy of the inhibiting action and the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity in order to identify compounds capable of counteracting the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance and to identify possible future applications of these newly synthesized compounds that have shown a high bactericidal action potential.
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Hanafy SM, Abd El-Shafea YM, Saleh WD, Fathy HM. Chemical profiling, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of pomegranate, orange and banana peel-extracts against pathogenic microorganisms. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:80. [PMID: 34056675 PMCID: PMC8165049 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of natural preservatives became of great interest; good examples of these natural preservation agents are plant peels. The use of plant peels has dual benefits; first is their antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens, while the second is minimizing agro-industrial wastes. Results The evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of both methanolic and ethanolic extracts of three fruit peels (orange, pomegranate, and banana), against 4 Gram-positive (G+), 3 Gram-negative bacteria (G−), and 2 fungal strains revealed that both pomegranate peel extracts exhibited significantly higher inhibitory effect on all tested G+ bacteria. Methanolic extract of pomegranate peel gave higher activity than the ethanolic one against G+ and G− bacteria except for S. typhimurium. Against A. flavus and A. niger, both pomegranate and orange extracts showed activity ranging between 65 and 100% more than the positive control. The ethanolic extracts of all tested peels showed a considerable capacity of antioxidant compounds compared to the methanolic extracts. The highest antioxidant capacity was found for ethanolic and methanolic extracts of pomegranate, 66.870 and 56.262 mg/ml, respectively. Generally, the concentration of total phenolic compounds was higher than that of total flavonoids followed by tannins. The highest readings of all tested constituents were reported for pomegranate extracts followed by orange and then banana. The total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and tannins were proportional to antioxidant values. GC-MS of pomegranate peel extracts identified 23 compounds in the methanolic extract versus 31 compounds in the ethanolic one. These components were identified based on their retention times and mass spectral fragmentation pattern. 5-hydroxymethylfufural (HMF) represented the major component in both methanolic and ethanolic extracts with peak area percentage of 65.78% and 48.43%, respectively. Conclusions The results showed negative effect of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of pomegranate on G+ and G− bacteria and two fungal pathogenic strains. The phytochemical analysis regarded these results to the high content of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. GC-MS chromatogram identified many compounds known to be effective as antioxidants and antibacterial and antifungal agents. These indications show that pomegranate peel may be a superior natural food-preserver, but further studies about the suitable formulation, dosage, and possible side-effects are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safynaz Magdy Hanafy
- Regional Centre for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Hayam Mohamed Fathy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Gullón P, Gullón B, Muñiz-Mouro A, Lú-Chau TA, Eibes G. Valorization of horse chestnut burs to produce simultaneously valuable compounds under a green integrated biorefinery approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139143. [PMID: 32417529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A biorefinery scheme for the valorization of horse chestnut biowastes (a municipal solid waste) into added value bioactive compounds is proposed in this work. The bur fraction of horse chestnut was evaluated as a novel and cheap renewable feedstock to obtain valuable compounds suitable for their use in industrial applications. The integrated valorization scheme comprised an initial hydroethanolic extraction of antioxidant compounds (optimized through surface response methodology), the alkaline delignification of the exhausted solid to obtain a lignin-enriched fraction, and the enzymatic digestibility of the remaining cellulose fraction to produce fermentable sugars. In addition, the structural characterization of the extract by FT-IR and TGA was performed, and the analysis by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS allowed the tentative identification of eleven antioxidant phenolic compounds. The application of this multiproduct valorization approach led to the production of 13 kg antioxidant extracted compounds, 33.2 kg lignin and 14.5 kg glucose per each 100 kg of horse chestnut burs, which demonstrates the great potential of this residue as a biorefinery substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gullón
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Abel Muñiz-Mouro
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thelmo A Lú-Chau
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Eibes
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Sarikurkcu C, Locatelli M, Tartaglia A, Ferrone V, Juszczak AM, Ozer MS, Tepe B, Tomczyk M. Enzyme and Biological Activities of the Water Extracts from the Plants Aesculus hippocastanum, Olea europaea and Hypericum perforatum That Are Used as Folk Remedies in Turkey. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051202. [PMID: 32155959 PMCID: PMC7179405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites that are found ubiquitously in plants, fruits, and vegetables. Many studies have shown that regular consumption of these compounds could have a positive effect on our health. The aim of this study was to compare the phytochemical contents of the water extracts from three different plants used as folk remedies in Turkey: Aesculus hippocastanum, Olea europaea, and Hypericum perforatum. A liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis was performed to explore the phenolic profiles. The biological activities of these extracts were also evaluated in terms of their antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH, 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ABTS, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay FRAP, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity CUPRAC, β-carotene, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating) and enzyme inhibitory properties (against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase). The aqueous extract of H. perforatum showed the highest levels of total phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents. Protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, verbascoside, hesperidin, hyperoside, apigenin 7-hexosides, and quercetin were the most common compounds found in this species. The results confirm that A. hippocastanum, O. europaea, and H. perforatum represent a potential source of natural-derived molecules with positive properties that could be used as valid starting point for new food supplements, and drugs in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Sarikurkcu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar 03100, Turkey;
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti–Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.)
| | - Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti–Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti–Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.)
| | - Aleksandra M. Juszczak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Mehmet Sabih Ozer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey;
| | - Bektas Tepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis 79000, Turkey;
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-56-94
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