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Sandhya S, Talukdar J, Gogoi G, Dey KS, Das B, Baishya D. Impact of coconut kernel extract on carcinogen-induced skin cancer model: Oxidative stress, C-MYC proto-oncogene and tumor formation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29385. [PMID: 38665592 PMCID: PMC11043960 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at analysing the effects of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) kernel extract (CKE) on oxidative stress, C-MYC proto-oncogene, and tumour formation in a skin cancer model. Tumorigenesis was induced by dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In vitro antioxidant activity of CKE was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total phenolic and flavonoid content assays. CKE showed a higher antioxidant activity then ascorbic acid (*P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001). HPLC and NMR study of the CKE revealed the presence of lauric acid (LA). Following the characterization of CKE, mice were randomly assigned to receive DMBA/TPA Induction and CKE treatment at different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of body weight. LA 100 mg/kg of body weight used as standard. Significantly, the CKE200 and control groups' mice did not develop tumors; however, the CKE100 and CKE50 treated groups did develop tumors less frequently than the DMBA/TPA-treated mice. Histopathological analysis revealed that the epidermal layer in DMBA-induced mice was thicker and had squamous pearls along with a hyperplasia/dysplasia lesion, indicating skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), whereas the epidermal layers in CKE200-treated and control mice were normal. Additionally, the CKE treatment demonstrated a significant stimulatory effect on the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidase (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001) and c-MYC protein expression (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). In conclusion, CKE prevents the growth of tumors on mouse skin by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing c-MYC overexpression brought on by DMBA/TPA induction. This makes it an effective dietary antioxidant with anti-tumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorra Sandhya
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Research Park, Assam, India
| | - Joyeeta Talukdar
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Research Park, Assam, India
| | - Gayatri Gogoi
- Department of Pathology, Assam Medical College and Hospital (AMCH), Assam, India
| | | | - Bikul Das
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Research Park, Assam, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infection, Thoreau Lab for Global Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Debabrat Baishya
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Mustafa A, Indiran MA, Ramalingam K, Perumal E, Shanmugham R, Karobari MI. Anticancer potential of thiocolchicoside and lauric acid loaded chitosan nanogel against oral cancer cell lines: a comprehensive study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9270. [PMID: 38649421 PMCID: PMC11035588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the anticancer activity of a Chitosan-based nanogel incorporating thiocolchicoside and lauric acid (CTL) against oral cancer cell lines (KB-1). Cell viability, AO/EtBr dual staining and Cell cycle analysis were done to evaluate the impact of CTL nanogel on oral cancer cells. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze proapoptotic and antiapoptotic gene expression in CTL-treated KB-1 cells. Further, molecular docking analysis was conducted to explore the interaction of our key ingredient, thiocolchicoside and its binding affinities. The CTL nanogel demonstrated potent anticancer activity by inhibiting oral cancer cell proliferation and inducing cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Gene expression analysis indicated alterations in Bax and Bcl-2 genes; CTL nanogel treatment increased Bax mRNA expression and inhibited the Bcl-2 mRNA expression, which showed potential mechanisms of the CTL nanogel's anticancer action. It was found that thiocolchicoside can stabilize the protein's function or restore it as a tumour suppressor. The CTL nanogel exhibited excellent cytotoxicity and potent anticancer effects, making it a potential candidate for non-toxic chemotherapy in cancer nanomedicine. Furthermore, the nanogel's ability to modulate proapoptotic gene expression highlights its potential for targeted cancer therapy. This research contributes to the growing interest in Chitosan-based nanogels and their potential applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Mustafa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Meignana Arumugham Indiran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Elumalai Perumal
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugham
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia.
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Alotaibi HF, Khafagy ES, Abu Lila AS, Alotaibe HF, Elbehairi SE, Alanazi AS, Alfaifi MY, Alamoudi JA, Alamrani SS, Mokhtar FA. Anticancer potentials of metformin loaded coconut oil nanoemulsion on MCF-7, HepG2 and HCT-116 cell lines. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:419-427. [PMID: 37589599 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2246145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to load metformin in a nano formula and evaluate the produced nano form towards cancer cells, metformin was loaded on natural carrier coconut oil. The formed metformin-loaded coconut oil nanoemulsion was characterized by Zeta potential, particle size, drug content, drug release, and drug stability. The formed nanoemulsion was evaluated towards MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT-116 cell lines. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis mechanism were studied. The nanoemulsion was created using deionized water, 1.5% Span 20, 1.5% Tween 80, 1.5% coconut oil, and 0.5% Metformin in an ultrasonicator to produce a homogenous solution. The anticancer activities of the metformin-loaded coconut nanoemulsion were highly improved compared to non-formulated metformin with IC50s of 8.3 ± 0.1 µg/ml, 12 ± 1.5 µg/ml, 2.685 ± 0.3 µg/ml for MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT-116 cell lines, respectively. There was a 76.5 ± 2.3 and 78.3 ± 3.2% increase in the number of apoptotic cells of MCF-7 and HepG2 cells after nanoemulsion treatment. This formula may be considered a new anticancer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haifa F Alotaibe
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ashwag S Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Faculty of science, Biology Department, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Salem Alamrani
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Department of pharmacognosy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, Sharkia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Al Salam University, Kafr Alzayat, Egypt
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N P D, Kondengadan MS, Sweilam SH, Rahman MH, Muhasina KM, Ghosh P, Bhargavi D, Palati DJ, Maiz F, Duraiswamy B. Neuroprotective role of coconut oil for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease: potential mechanisms of action. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-33. [PMID: 36208039 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is a clinical condition in which neurons degenerate with a consequent loss of functions in the affected brain region. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive ND after Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the motor system and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway in the midbrain, leading to bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability and non-motor symptoms such as cognitive declines, psychiatric disturbances, autonomic failures, sleep difficulties, and pain syndrome. Coconut oil (CO) is an edible oil obtained from the meat of Cocos nucifera fruit that belongs to the palm family and contains 92% saturated fatty acids. CO has been shown to mediate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and excitotoxicity-induced effects in PD in various in vitro and in vivo models as a multi-target bioagent. CO intake through diet has also been linked to a decreased incidence of PD in people. During digestion, CO is broken down into smaller molecules, like ketone bodies (KBs). The KBs then penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are used as a source of energy its ability to cross BBB made this an important class of natural remedies for the treatment of ND. The current review describes the probable neuroprotective potential pathways of CO in PD, either prophylactic or therapeutic. In addition, we briefly addressed the important pathogenic pathways that might be considered to investigate the possible use of CO in neurodegeneration such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika N P
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | | | - K M Muhasina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Bhargavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Jyothi Palati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Fathi Maiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9004
- Laboratory of Thermal Processes, Center for Energy Research and Technology, Borj-Cedria, BP:95 Tunisia
| | - B Duraiswamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
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Mat K, Abdul Kari Z, Rusli ND, Che Harun H, Wei LS, Rahman MM, Mohd Khalid HN, Mohd Ali Hanafiah MH, Mohamad Sukri SA, Raja Khalif RIA, Mohd Zin Z, Mohd Zainol MK, Panadi M, Mohd Nor MF, Goh KW. Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical Properties. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162107. [PMID: 36009697 PMCID: PMC9405385 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Different components of the coconut are being looked into and used as a potential substitute to create or substitute animal feed components. Different coconut products and by-products—such as coconut water, milk, copra, testa, flour, raw kernels, oil, and desiccated coconut—are used with livestock, especially ruminants and aquaculture industries. However, the use of coconut in animal feed may be limited by several things that make it less nutritious. There is a possibility to research new technologies, such as pre-treating coconut to reduce the effects of anti-nutritional substances before they can be used to feed the animals. This review article describes a few important discoveries, which gives a somewhat hopeful view of the future. Different parts of the coconut can and should be used more in animal feed. Coconut in animal feed makes it much cheaper to feed animals and helps them in the digestion process, growth, and health. However, innovative methods of processing, extracting, and treating coconut need to be encouraged to improve nutritional quality and make coconut products function efficiently in feed. Abstract The price of traditional sources of nutrients used in animal feed rations is increasing steeply in developed countries due to their scarcity, high demand from humans for the same food items, and expensive costs of raw materials. Thus, one of the alternative sources is coconut parts or coconut as a whole fruit. Coconut is known as the ‘tree of abundance’, ‘tree of heaven’, and ‘tree of life’ owing to its numerous uses, becoming a very important tree in tropical areas for its provision of food, employment, and business opportunities to millions of people. Coconut contains a rich profile of macro and micronutrients that vary depending on the parts and how they are used. It is frequently chosen as an alternative source of protein and fiber. Its uses as an antibacterial agent, immunomodulant, and antioxidant further increase its importance. Using coconut oil in ruminant feed helps to minimize methane gas emissions by 18–30%, and to reduce dry matter intake up to 4.2 kg/d. The aquaculture sectors also use coconut palm as an alternative source because it significantly improves the digestion, growth, lipid metabolism, health, and antioxidative responses. However, coconut is not widely used in poultry diets although it has adequate amount of protein and carbohydrate due to anti-nutritional factors such cellulose (13%), galactomannan (61%), and mannan (26%). This review considered the importance and potential of coconut usage as an alternative ingredient in feed and supplements in various livestock sectors as it has plentiful nutrients and functional qualities, simultaneously leading to reduced feed cost and enhanced production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairiyah Mat
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.W.G.)
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Dini Rusli
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnita Che Harun
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Zamzahaila Mohd Zin
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Khairi Mohd Zainol
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mira Panadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Sport Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Pontian Lama, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81300, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faiz Mohd Nor
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.W.G.)
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Gupta J, Ahuja A, Gupta R. Green Approaches for Cancer Management: an Effective Tool for Health Care. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:101-114. [PMID: 33463475 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210119091826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of an increasing number of death incidences in modern society. As the population increases, there is increased thrust for screening newer anticancer (phytoconstituents) agents to manage cancers. Around 35000 herbal phytoconstituents are obtained from plants, animals and marine sources to create awareness of green therapy in managing, reducing, minimizing side effects of modern chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy. The herbal plants are the richest sources of natural remedies and bioactive compounds that promote medicines' alternative systems as a green approach for managing various cancers. The terpenoids, saponins, volatile oils, and flavonoid phytoconstituents are most efficiently used to manage cancer with minimal side effects. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the present study are to investigate the efficacious, potent and safe use of herbal phytoconstituents extracts in the management of cancers and study their mechanism of action through alteration of transcription proteins, blocking G-2/M phase, distortion of tubulin structure, generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, cell cycle arrest, anti-proliferation induced cell apoptosis for target specific cancer treatment. The information was collected from databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Academia, MedLine, and WoS. METHODS The Literature was surveyed and screened keywords like cancer therapeutics, metastasis, proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell lines, phytoconstituents for cancer management, and related disorders. RESULTS The findings suggested that the crude extracts act as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, or anti-aging agent exploited in the management of cancers along with treatment of other infectious diseases like ulcers, gout, liver diseases, respiratory tract infection, renal disorders, blood disorders, CVD, anti-inflammatory and several wound infections. CONCLUSION The phytoactive moieties having herbal extracts help improve the compromised immunity status of affected patients and provide measures for scientific studies of newer anticancer agents in herbal industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Ashima Ahuja
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh. India
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Verma P, Ghosh A, Ray M, Sarkar S. Lauric Acid Modulates Cancer-Associated microRNA Expression and Inhibits the Growth of the Cancer Cell. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:834-844. [PMID: 32156243 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200310091719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs are known to regulate various protein-coding gene expression posttranscriptionally. Fatty acids are cell membrane constituents and are also known to influence the biological activities of the cells like signal transduction, growth and differentiation of the cells, apoptosis induction, and other physiological functions. In our experiments, we used lauric acid to analyse its effects on human cancerous cell lines. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to speculate the miRNA expression profile in lauric acid treated and untreated cancerous cell lines and further study the metabolic pathways of the targeted tumour suppressor and oncogenes. METHODS The KB cells and HepG2 cells were treated with lauric acid and miRNA was isolated and the expression of tumour suppressor and oncogenic miRNA was measured by quantitative PCR. The untreated cells were used as control. The metabolic pathways of the target tumour suppressor and oncogenes were examined by GeneMANIA software. RESULTS Interestingly, the lauric acid treatment suppresses the expression of oncogenic miRNA and significantly upregulated the expression of some tumour suppressor miRNAs. GeneMANIA metabolic pathway revealed that the upregulated tumour suppressor miRNAs regulate several cancer-associated pathways such as DNA damage, signal transduction p53 class mediator, stem cell differentiation, cell growth, cell cycle phase transition, apoptotic signalling pathway, cellular response to stress and radiation, etc. whereas oncogenic miRNAs regulate the cancer-associated pathway like cell cycle phase transition, apoptotic signalling pathway, cell growth, response to oxidative stress, immune response activating cell surface protein signalling pathway, cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity, epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathways, etc. Conclusion: In our study, we found that lauric acid works as an anticancer agent by altering the expression of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Verma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manisha Ray
- ENT Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Saurav Sarkar
- ENT Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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