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Asadi Z, Jalilian S, Arkan E, Aghaz F. How Shilajit-Based Nanocarriers Alter Classical Doxorubicin Delivery to Breast Cancer Cells ( MCF-7 and ZR-75-1). ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:449-456. [PMID: 38628801 PMCID: PMC11017394 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been ineffective in cancer treatment, and efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a doxorubicin-loaded shilajit-based nanocarrier (SHN-Dox) using a nanoprecipitation method to enhance Dox uptake into breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and ZR-75-1). After confirmation of the physicochemical properties of the nanocarriers, the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of SHN-Dox and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated on breast cancer cells. SHN-Dox showed a spherical shape with a size of 244 nm and a sustainable release profile of Dox. It exhibited high cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells, effectively inducing DNA fragmentation in these cells. After 24 h of treatment, SHN-Dox increased the apoptosis rate in MCF-7 cells and raised ROS levels. Therefore, SHN-Dox is a promising carrier that might reduce the side effects of Dox on healthy cells and provide a new strategy for clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Asadi
- Student
Research Committee, Kermanshah University
of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
| | - Saba Jalilian
- Nano
Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
| | - Elham Arkan
- Nano
Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
| | - Faranak Aghaz
- Nano
Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
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Gutierrez-Martinez VD, León-Del-Río A, Camacho-Luis A, Ayala-Garcia VM, Lopez-Rodriguez AM, Ruiz-Baca E, Meneses-Morales I. Uncovering a novel mechanism: Butyrate induces estrogen receptor alpha activation independent of estrogen stimulation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230110. [PMID: 38488523 PMCID: PMC10941730 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is a promising candidate for an antitumoral drug, as it promotes cancer cell apoptosis and reduces hormone receptor activity, while promoting differentiation and proliferation in normal cells. However, the effects of low-dose butyrate on breast cancer cell cultures are unclear. We explored the impact of sub-therapeutic doses of butyrate on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) transcriptional activity in MCF-7 cells, using RT-qPCR, Western blot, wound-healing assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Our results showed that sub-therapeutic doses of sodium butyrate (0.1 - 0.2 mM) increased the transcription of ESR1, TFF1, and CSTD genes, but did not affect ERα protein levels. Moreover, we observed an increase in cell migration in wound-healing assays. ChIP assays revealed that treatment with 0.1 mM of sodium butyrate resulted in estrogen-independent recruitment of ERα at the pS2 promoter and loss of NCoR. Appropriate therapeutic dosage of butyrate is essential to avoid potential adverse effects on patients' health, especially in the case of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors. Sub-therapeutic doses of butyrate may induce undesirable cell processes, such as migration due to low-dose butyrate-mediated ERα activation. These findings shed light on the complex effects of butyrate in breast cancer and provide insights for research in the development of antitumoral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de
Investigaciones Biomédicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Abelardo Camacho-Luis
- Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Medicina y
Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentos y Nutrición, Durango, México
| | | | | | - Estela Ruiz-Baca
- Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Durango, México
| | - Ivan Meneses-Morales
- Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Durango, México
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Alotaibi HF, Khafagy ES, Abu Lila AS, Alotaibe HF, Elbehairi SE, Alanazi AS, Alfaifi MY, Alamoudi JA, Alamrani SS, Mokhtar FA. Anticancer potentials of metformin loaded coconut oil nanoemulsion on MCF-7, HepG2 and HCT-116 cell lines. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2023; 51:419-427. [PMID: 37589599 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2246145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to load metformin in a nano formula and evaluate the produced nano form towards cancer cells, metformin was loaded on natural carrier coconut oil. The formed metformin-loaded coconut oil nanoemulsion was characterized by Zeta potential, particle size, drug content, drug release, and drug stability. The formed nanoemulsion was evaluated towards MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT-116 cell lines. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis mechanism were studied. The nanoemulsion was created using deionized water, 1.5% Span 20, 1.5% Tween 80, 1.5% coconut oil, and 0.5% Metformin in an ultrasonicator to produce a homogenous solution. The anticancer activities of the metformin-loaded coconut nanoemulsion were highly improved compared to non-formulated metformin with IC50s of 8.3 ± 0.1 µg/ml, 12 ± 1.5 µg/ml, 2.685 ± 0.3 µg/ml for MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT-116 cell lines, respectively. There was a 76.5 ± 2.3 and 78.3 ± 3.2% increase in the number of apoptotic cells of MCF-7 and HepG2 cells after nanoemulsion treatment. This formula may be considered a new anticancer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haifa F Alotaibe
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ashwag S Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Faculty of science, Biology Department, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Salem Alamrani
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Department of pharmacognosy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, Sharkia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Al Salam University, Kafr Alzayat, Egypt
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Shen T, Han B, Leng Y, Yan S, Shi J, Yue S, Cheng SY. Sonic Hedgehog stimulates migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells through Rac1. J Biomed Res 2019. [PMCID: PMC6813532 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common tumors in women, breast cancer has drawn considerable interest from investigators and clinicians in recent years. Despite early diagnosis and best therapeutic regimens available, the prognosis of malignant or metastatic breast cancer patients is still not optimistic. Hedgehog signaling, a classical pathway indispensable to embryonic development, participates in the growth of a variety of tumors. In the present study, the effect of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) on breast cancer cells was investigated. We identified that Shh signal stimulated the migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Smo and Gli1 were involved in Shh-stimulated migration of MCF-7 cells. Activating Smo and Gli1 induced cell migration, which was blocked by their specific antagonists. The effect of Shh signaling on MCF-7 cells was independent of Wnt5a, Dvl2 and Rab35, but directly dependent on Rac1. In conclusion, our study suggested that Shh promotes breast cancer cell migration via Rac1 independently of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which may represent a rational molecular target for combination medication in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology
| | - Bo'ang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Shen Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Steven Y Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Steven Y Cheng and Shen Yue, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China. Tel: + 86-25-86869463, E-mails:
and
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范 俣, 刘 瑞, 丁 晓, 上官 信, 吴 新. [Deguelin inhibits proliferation and regulates the expression of MCM3-CDC45 in MCF-7 and H1299 cells in vitro]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2017; 37:1545-1550. [PMID: 29180339 PMCID: PMC6779631 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of deguelin on the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and lung cancer H1299 cells in vitro and the expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3) and CDC45 in the cells. METHODS MTT assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of MCF-7 and H1299 cells exposed to different concentrations of deguelin for 48, 72 or 96 h. The growth of the cells was observed microscopically and the changes of MCM3 and CDC45 expressions in MCF-7 and H1299 cells following deguelin treatment were detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was significantly inhibited by exposure to 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, and 50 µmol/L deguelin for 48, 72, and 96 h in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In MCF-7 cells, the IC50 of deguelin at 48, 72, and 96 h was 9, 3, and 2 µmol/L, respectively. Deguelin treatments of H1299 cells at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100 µmol/L also resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of the cell growth with an IC50 at 96 h of 2 µmol/L. Optical microscopy of the cells revealed a decreased number of viable cells with obvious cell shrinkage following deguelin treatments. The expression of MCM3 and CDC45 were significantly reduced in the cells after deguelin treatments. CONCLUSION Deguelin can inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 and H1299 cells in vitro and down-regulate the expression of MCM3 and CDC45 in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 俣琳 范
- 南方医科大学研究生院,广东 广州 510515Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - 瑞瑾 刘
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - 晓艳 丁
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - 信一 上官
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - 新荣 吴
- 南方医科大学研究生院,广东 广州 510515Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
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Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Rahmat A, Ashkani S. Secondary metabolites constituents and antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm grown in different locations of Malaysia. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15:335. [PMID: 26399961 PMCID: PMC4581154 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etlingera elatior is a well-known herb in Malaysia with various pharmaceutical properties. METHODS E. elatior flowers grown in three different locations of Malaysia (Kelantan, Pahang and Johor), were investigated for differences in their content of secondary metabolites (total phenolics [TPC], total flavonoids [TFC], and total tannin content [TTC]) as well as for their antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were isolated and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The anticancer activity of extracts was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. RESULTS When extracted with various solvents (aqueous and ethanolic), samples from the different locations yielded significantly different results for TPC, TFC, and TTC as well as antioxidant activity. Aqueous extracts of E. elatior flowers collected from Kelantan exhibited the highest values: TPC (618.9 mg/100 g DM), TFC (354.2 mg/100 g DM), TTC (129.5 mg/100 g DM), DPPH (76.4 %), and FRAP (6.88 mM of Fe (II)/g) activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 34.5 μg/mL compared with extracts of flowers collected from the other two locations. The most important phenolic compounds isolated in this study, based on concentration, were: gallic acid > caffeic acid > tannic acid > chlorogenic acid; and the most important flavonoids were: quercetin > apigenin > kaempferol > luteolin > myricetin. Extracts of flowers from Kelantan exhibited potent anticancer activity with a IC50of 173.1 and 196.2 μg/mL against the tumor cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively, compared with extracts from Pahang (IC50 = 204.5 and 246.2 μg/mL) and Johor samples (IC50 = 277.1 and 296.7 μg/mL). Extracts of E. elatior flowers also showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 30 to >100 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS In general, therefore, based on the potent antioxidant and anticancer activity of flower extracts, it appears that E. elatior grown in the North-east of Malaysia (Kelantan) is a potential source of therapeutic compounds with anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hawa Z E Jaafar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sadegh Ashkani
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahr-e- Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Autore G, Marzocco S, Formisano C, Bruno M, Rosselli S, Jemia MB, Senatore F. Cytotoxic activity and composition of petroleum ether extract from Magydaris tomentosa (Desf.) W. D. J. Koch (Apiaceae). Molecules 2015; 20:1571-8. [PMID: 25603502 PMCID: PMC6272710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The petroleum ether extract of Magydaris tomentosa flowers (Desf.) W. D. J. Koch has been analyzed by GC-MS. It is mainly constituted by furanocoumarins such as xanthotoxin, xanthotoxol, isopimpinellin, and bergaptene. Other coumarins such as 7-methoxy-8-(2-formyl-2-methylpropyl) coumarin and osthole also occurred. The antiproliferative activity of Magydaris tomentosa flower extract has been evaluated in vitro on murine monocye/macrophages (J774A.1), human melanoma (A375) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumor cell lines, showing a major activity against the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Salerno 84084, Italy.
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Salerno 84084, Italy.
| | - Carmen Formisano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano, Napoli 49 80131, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rosselli
- Department STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Mariem Ben Jemia
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles-Biotechnologic Center Borj-CedriaTechnopark, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.
| | - Felice Senatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano, Napoli 49 80131, Italy.
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Bittner GD, Denison MS, Yang CZ, Stoner MA, He G. Chemicals having estrogenic activity can be released from some bisphenol A-free, hard and clear, thermoplastic resins. Environ Health 2014; 13:103. [PMID: 25477047 PMCID: PMC4298073 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals that have estrogenic activity (EA) can potentially cause adverse health effects in mammals including humans, sometimes at low doses in fetal through juvenile stages with effects detected in adults. Polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastic resins made from bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical that has EA, are now often avoided in products used by babies. Other BPA-free thermoplastic resins, some hypothesized or advertised to be EA-free, are replacing PC resins used to make reusable hard and clear thermoplastic products such as baby bottles. METHODS We used two very sensitive and accurate in vitro assays (MCF-7 and BG1Luc human cell lines) to quantify the EA of chemicals leached into ethanol or water/saline extracts of fourteen unstressed or stressed (autoclaving, microwaving, UV radiation) thermoplastic resins. Estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent agonist responses were confirmed by their inhibition with the ER antagonist ICI 182,780. RESULTS Our data showed that some (4/14) unstressed and stressed BPA-free thermoplastic resins leached chemicals having significant levels of EA, including one polystyrene (PS), and three Tritan™ resins, the latter reportedly EA-free. Exposure to UV radiation in natural sunlight resulted in an increased release of EA from Tritan™ resins. Triphenyl-phosphate (TPP), an additive used to manufacture some thermoplastic resins such as Tritan™, exhibited EA in both MCF-7 and BG1Luc assays. Ten unstressed or stressed glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), cyclic olefin polymer (COP) or copolymer (COC) thermoplastic resins did not release chemicals with detectable EA under any test condition. CONCLUSIONS This hazard survey study assessed the release of chemicals exhibiting EA as detected by two sensitive, widely used and accepted, human cell line in vitro assays. Four PC replacement resins (Tritan™ and PS) released chemicals having EA. However, ten other PC-replacement resins did not leach chemicals having EA (EA-free-resins). These results indicate that PC-replacement plastic products could be made from EA-free resins (if appropriate EA-free additives are chosen) that maintain advantages of re-usable plastic items (price, weight, shatter resistance) without releasing chemicals having EA that potentially produce adverse health effects on current or future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Bittner
- />CertiChem, Inc, 11212 Metric Blvd, Suite 500, Austin, TX 78758 USA
- />Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78758 USA
| | - Michael S Denison
- />Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Chun Z Yang
- />CertiChem, Inc, 11212 Metric Blvd, Suite 500, Austin, TX 78758 USA
| | - Matthew A Stoner
- />CertiChem, Inc, 11212 Metric Blvd, Suite 500, Austin, TX 78758 USA
| | - Guochun He
- />Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Nelson MT, Short A, Cole SL, Gross AC, Winter J, Eubank TD, Lannutti JJ. Preferential, enhanced breast cancer cell migration on biomimetic electrospun nanofiber 'cell highways'. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:825. [PMID: 25385001 PMCID: PMC4236463 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive metastatic breast cancer cells seemingly evade surgical resection and current therapies, leading to colonization in distant organs and tissues and poor patient prognosis. Therefore, high-throughput in vitro tools allowing rapid, accurate, and novel anti-metastatic drug screening are grossly overdue. Conversely, aligned nanofiber constitutes a prominent component of the late-stage breast tumor margin extracellular matrix. This parallel suggests that the use of a synthetic ECM in the form of a nanoscale model could provide a convenient means of testing the migration potentials of cancer cells to achieve a long-term goal of providing clinicians an in vitro platform technology to test the efficacy of novel experimental anti-metastatic compounds. METHODS Electrospinning produces highly aligned, cell-adhesive nanofiber matrices by applying a strong electric field to a polymer-containing solution. The resulting fibrous microstructure and morphology closely resembles in vivo tumor microenvironments suggesting their use in analysis of migratory potentials of metastatic cancer cells. Additionally, a novel interface with a gel-based delivery system creates CXCL12 chemotactic gradients to enhance CXCR4-expressing cell migration. RESULTS Cellular dispersions of MCF-10A normal mammary epithelial cells or human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) seeded on randomly-oriented nanofiber exhibited no significant differences in total or net distance traveled as a result of the underlying topography. Cells traveled ~2-5 fold greater distances on aligned fiber. Highly-sensitive MDA-MB-231 cells displayed an 82% increase in net distance traversed in the presence of a CXCL12 gradient. In contrast, MCF-7 cells exhibited only 31% increase and MCF-10A cells showed no statistical difference versus control or vehicle conditions. MCF-10A cells displayed little sensitivity to CXCL12 gradients, while MCF-7 cells displayed early sensitivity when CXCL12 concentrations were higher. MDA-MB-231 cells displayed low relative expression levels of CXCR4, but high sensitivity resulting in 55-fold increase at late time points due to CXCL12 gradient dissipation. CONCLUSIONS This model could create clinical impact as an in vitro diagnostic tool for rapid assessment of tumor needle biopsies to confirm metastatic tumors, their invasiveness, and allow high-throughput drug screening providing rapid development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tyler Nelson
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Aaron Short
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Sara L Cole
- />Campus Microscopy and Imaging Facility, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Amy C Gross
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jessica Winter
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Tim D Eubank
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - John J Lannutti
- />Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, 143 Fontana Labs, 116 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210-1179 USA
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Song J, Wang Y, Song Y, Chan H, Bi C, Yang X, Yan R, Wang Y, Zheng Y. Development and characterisation of ursolic acid nanocrystals without stabiliser having improved dissolution rate and in vitro anticancer activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:11-19. [PMID: 24022345 PMCID: PMC3909170 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), which is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has the potential to be developed as an anticancer drug, whereas its poor aqueous solubility and dissolution rate limit its clinical application. The aim of the present study was to develop UA nanocrystals to enhance its aqueous dispersibility, dissolution rate and anticancer activity. Following the investigation on the effects of stabiliser, the ratio of organic phase to aqueous solution and drug concentration, the UA nanocrystals without stabiliser were successfully prepared by anti-solvent precipitation approach. The nanocrystals maintained similar crystallinity with particle size, polydispersion index and zeta potential values of 188.0 ± 4.4 nm, 0.154 ± 0.022, and -25.0 ± 5.9 mV, respectively. Compared with the raw material, the UA nanocrystals showed good aqueous dispensability and a higher dissolution rate, and they could be completely dissolved in 0.5% SDS solution within 120 min. Moreover, the suspension of UA nanocrystals was physically stable after storage at 4°C for 7 weeks. By inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, the UA nanocrystals significantly induced stronger cell growth inhibition activity against MCF-7 cells compared with free drug in vitro, although the uptake of free UA was approximately twice higher than that of the UA nanocrystals. The UA nanocrystals may be used as a potential delivery formulation for intravenous injection with enhanced dissolution velocity and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Song
- />State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 2/F, Room 204A, Block 3, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira, S.J. Taipa, Macao,, SAR China
| | - Yancai Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 2/F, Room 204A, Block 3, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira, S.J. Taipa, Macao,, SAR China
- />School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Jinan, 250353 China
| | - Yuelin Song
- />State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 2/F, Room 204A, Block 3, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira, S.J. Taipa, Macao,, SAR China
| | - Hokman Chan
- />State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 2/F, Room 204A, Block 3, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira, S.J. Taipa, Macao,, SAR China
| | - Chao Bi
- />State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 2/F, Room 204A, Block 3, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira, S.J. Taipa, Macao,, SAR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 2/F, Room 204A, Block 3, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira, S.J. Taipa, Macao,, SAR China
| | - Ru Yan
- />State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 2/F, Room 204A, Block 3, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira, S.J. Taipa, Macao,, SAR China
| | - Yitao Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 2/F, Room 204A, Block 3, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira, S.J. Taipa, Macao,, SAR China
| | - Ying Zheng
- />State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 2/F, Room 204A, Block 3, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira, S.J. Taipa, Macao,, SAR China
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11
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Abu N, Akhtar MN, Ho WY, Yeap SK, Alitheen NB. 3-Bromo-1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (BHAQ) inhibits growth and migration of the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB231. Molecules 2013; 18:10367-77. [PMID: 23985955 PMCID: PMC6269781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is becoming more prominent in women today. As of now, there are no effective treatments in treating metastatic breast cancer. We have tested the cytotoxic and anti-migration effects of BHAQ, a synthesized anthraquinone, on two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB231. Anthraquinones are an interesting class of molecules that display a wide spectrum of biological applications, including anticancer properties. Cellular inhibition was tested through a MTT assay, double acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and FACS cell cycle analysis. Inhibition of migration was tested by the wound healing method, and migration through a Boyden chamber. BHAQ was cytotoxic towards both cell lines in a dose dependent and possibly cell-dependent manner. Additionally, BHAQ also inhibited the migration of the highly metastatic MDA-MB231 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Abu
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Bright Sparks Unit, University Malaya, 53500 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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12
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Akhtar MN, Zareen S, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Lo KM, Hasan A, Alitheen NB. Total synthesis, cytotoxic effects of damnacanthal, nordamnacanthal and related anthraquinone analogues. Molecules 2013; 18:10042-55. [PMID: 23966087 PMCID: PMC6269871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180810042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring anthraquinones, damnacanthal (1) and nordamnacanthal (2) were synthesized with modified reaction steps and investigated for their cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Intermediate analogues 2-bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (5, IC50 = 5.70 ± 0.21 and 8.50 ± 1.18 mg/mL), 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (6, IC50 = 12.10 ± 0.14 and 14.00 ± 2.13), 2-formyl-1,3-dimethoxyantharquinone (7, IC50 = 13.10 ± 1.02 and 14.80 ± 0.74), 1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylanthraquinone (4, IC50 = 9.40 ± 3.51 and 28.40 ± 2.33), and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (3, IC50 = 25.60 ± 0.42 and 28.40 ± 0.79) also exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Other structurally related compounds like 1,3-dihydroxyanthraquinone (13a, IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.35 and 14.50 ± 1.28), 1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (13b, IC50 = 6.50 ± 0.66 and 5.90 ± 0.95) were also showed good cytotoxicity. The target compound damnacanthal (1) was found to be the most cytotoxic against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 3.80 ± 0.57 and 5.50 ± 1.26, respectively. The structures of all compounds were elucidated with the help of detailed spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Seema Zareen
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail: (W.Y.H.)
| | - Kong Mun Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.M.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Aurangzeb Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.M.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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13
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Domínguez-García M, Ortega-Zúñiga C, Meléndez E. New tungstenocenes containing 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone ligands: antiproliferative activity on HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines and binding to human serum albumin studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:195-209. [PMID: 23212785 PMCID: PMC3565000 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Three new water-soluble tungstenocene derivatives were synthesized and characterized using 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone ligands, which provide aqueous stability to the complexes. The antiproliferative activities of the complexes on HT-29 colon cancer and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and showed the new tungstenocene derivatives have higher antiproliferative action than tungstenocene dichloride (Cp(2)WCl(2), where Cp is cyclopentadienyl). The binding interactions of the tungstenocenes with human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. Analysis of the fluorescence quenching spectra indicates that the tungstenocene complexes bind HSA by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding at fatty acid binding site 6 and drug binding site II. Docking studies provided a description of the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding by which the tungstenocenes become engaged with HSA. It was determined that the binding affinity of the tungstenoecenes for HSA is in the order Cp(2)WCl(2) < [Cp(2)W(ethyl maltolato)]Cl < [Cp(2)W(maltolato)]Cl < [Cp(2)W(kojato)]Cl, consistent with the hydrophobic interactions and the number of hydrogen bonds involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Ortega-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
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14
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Visagie M, Mqoco T, Joubert A. Sulphamoylated estradiol analogue induces antiproliferative activity and apoptosis in breast cell lines. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2012; 17:549-58. [PMID: 22933044 PMCID: PMC6276056 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-012-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into potential anticancer agents has shown that 2-methoxyestradiol exerts antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo in an estrogen receptor-independent manner. Due to its limited biological accessibility and rapid metabolic degradation, several new analogues have been developed in recent years. This study investigated the in vitro effects of a novel in silicodesigned compound (C16) in an estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (MCF-7), an estrogen receptor-negative breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a nontumorigenic breast cell line (MCF-12A). Light microscopy revealed decreased cell density, cells blocked in metaphase and the presence of apoptotic characteristics in all three cell lines after exposure to C16 for 24 h. Polarizationoptical transmitted light differential interference contrast revealed the presence of several rounded cells and decreased cell density. The xCELLigence real-time label-independent approach revealed that C16 exerted antiproliferative activity. Significant inhibition of cell growth was demonstrated after 24 h of exposure to 0.2 μM C16 in all three cell lines. However, the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cell line recovered extremely well after 48 h when compared to the tumorigenic cell lines. This indicates that C16 acts as an antiproliferative agent, possesses antimitotic activity and induces apoptosis in vitro. These features warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thandi Mqoco
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anna Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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15
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Abrahim NN, Kanthimathi MS, Abdul-Aziz A. Piper betle shows antioxidant activities, inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation and increases activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12:220. [PMID: 23153283 PMCID: PMC3533855 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and the focus on finding chemotherapeutic agents have recently shifted to natural products. Piper betle is a medicinal plant with various biological activities. However, not much data is available on the anti-cancer effects of P. betle on breast cancer. Due to the current interest in the potential effects of antioxidants from natural products in breast cancer treatment, we investigated the antioxidant activities of the leaves of P. betle and its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. METHODS The leaves of P. betle were extracted with solvents of varying polarities (water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) and their phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using colorimetric assays. Phenolic composition was characterized using HPLC. Antioxidant activities were measured using FRAP, DPPH, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and hyroxyl radical scavenging assays. Biological activities of the extracts were analysed using MTT assay and antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) assays in MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Overall, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest ferric reducing activity and radical scavenging activities against DPPH, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radicals. This extract also contained the highest phenolic content implying the potential contribution of phenolics towards the antioxidant activities. HPLC analyses revealed the presence of catechin, morin and quercetin in the leaves. The ethyl acetate extract also showed the highest inhibitory effect against the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (IC50=65 μg/ml). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with the plant extract increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSIONS Ethyl acetate is the optimal solvent for the extraction of compounds with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the treated cells could alter the antioxidant defense system, potentially contributing towards the anti-proliferative effect. There is great potential for the ethyl acetate extract of P. betle leaf as a source of natural antioxidants and to be developed as therapeutics in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Nazirahanie Abrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M S Kanthimathi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Kim JH, Kang S, Kim TW, Yin L, Liu R, Kim SJ. Expression profiling after induction of demethylation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells identifies involvement of TNF-α mediated cancer pathways. Mol Cells 2012; 33:127-33. [PMID: 22228181 PMCID: PMC3887717 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic methylation change is a major process that occurs during cancer development. Even though many tumor-related genes have been identified based on their relationship between methylation and expression, few studies have been conducted to investigate the relevant biological pathways involved in these changes. To identify essential pathways likely to be affected by methylation in breast cancer, we examined a pool of genes in which expression was upregulated after induction of demethylation by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza) in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Genome-wide demethylation was confirmed by monitoring the demethylation of a previously known gene, SULT1A1. Overall, 210 and 213 genes were found to be upregulated and downregulated (fold change ≥ 2), respectively, in common in cells treated with 5 and 10 μM of Aza. Network analysis of these 423 genes with altered expression patterns identified the involvement of a cancer related network of genes that were heavily regulated by TNF-α in breast tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that epigenetic dysregulation of cellular processes relevant to TNF-α-dependent apoptosis may be intimately involved in tumorigenesis in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715,
Korea
| | - Seongeun Kang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715,
Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715,
Korea
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009,
China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009,
China
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715,
Korea
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17
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Gerschpacher M, Getoff N, Hartmann J, Schittl H, Danielova I, Ying S, Huber JC, Quint RM. Electron emission and product analysis of estrone: progesterone interactions studied by experiments in vitro. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:496-503. [PMID: 20586552 PMCID: PMC3132449 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.495435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that hormones like progesterone, testosterone, etc. can eject [Formula: see text] (solvated electrons). By means of electron transfer processes via the brain, the hormones communicate with other biological systems in the organism. The present study proves that also estrone is able to emit electrons. Their yield strongly depends on the concentration of the hormone, temperature and on the absorbed energy. The metabolites resulting from this process are likewise able to generate electrons, however with much smaller yields. The formation of the estrone metabolites is studied by HPLC-analyses. In vitro experiments with MCF-7 cells demonstrate the distinct effect of progesterone on the carcinogenity of estrone metabolites. Probable reaction mechanisms for explanation of the observed effects are postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Gerschpacher
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Acevedo-Acevedo D, Matta J, Meléndez E. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic studies of water soluble [(η-C(5)H(5))(2)Mo(thionucleobase/thionucleoside)]Cl complexes in breast and colon cancer cell lines. J Organomet Chem 2011; 696:1032-1037. [PMID: 21399723 PMCID: PMC3051372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four new water soluble molybdenocene complexes were synthesized in aqueous solution at pH 7.0. The new species, [(η(5)-C(5)H(5))(2)Mo(L)]Cl (L= 6-mercaptopurine, 2-amino-6-mercaptopurine, (-)-2-amino-6-mercaptopurine ribose and 6-mercaptopurine ribose), were characterized by spectroscopic methods. NMR spectroscopic data showed the presence of two coordination isomers, S(6), N(7) and S(6), N(1), in aqueous solution, being S(6), N(7) the most stable. The antiproliferative activities of the new species were investigated in HT-29 colon and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The incorporation of molybdenocene (Cp(2)Mo(2+)) into the thionucleobases/thionucleosides decreases their cytotoxic activities in HT-29 colon cancer cell line. In contrast, in the MCF-7 cell line, [Cp(2)Mo(2-amino-6-mercaptopurine)]Cl showed a high cytotoxic activity. This is most likely a consequence of the enhanced lipophilic character on the thionucleobase combined with synergism between Cp(2)Mo(2+) and the thionucleobase ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Matta
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Physiology, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, PR 00732-7004
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681
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19
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Feliciano I, Matta J, Meléndez E. Water-soluble molybdenocene complexes with both proliferative and antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines and their binding interactions with human serum albumin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:1109-17. [PMID: 19536567 PMCID: PMC2819120 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two water-soluble molybdenocene complexes containing oxygen chelating ligands, maltolato and malonate, have been synthesized to elucidate the role of the ancillary ligands in the molybdenocene cytotoxic activity. The structural characterizations of these species by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopies suggest that both molybdenocene complexes contain the ligands in a bidentate fashion and elemental analysis and mass spectrometry corroborate the proposed formula for the species to be Cp2Mo(malonate) and [Cp2Mo(maltolato)]Cl (Cp is cyclopentadienyl). Metal-albumin binding studies were pursued using UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Whereas metal-albumin binding studies using UV-vis spectroscopy did not show any evidence of interaction, cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that molybdenocene complexes may be involved in weak binding interactions with albumin, most likely in hydrophobic interactions. The cytotoxic activities of Cp2Mo(malonate) and [Cp2Mo(maltolato)]Cl alone with Cp2MoCl2 were investigated in HT-29 colon cancer and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay. Cp2Mo(malonate) and [Cp2Mo(maltolato)]Cl showed slight improvement in terms of cytotoxic activity as compared with Cp2MoCl2 in the HT-29 colon cancer cell line, whereas for MCF-7 all the molybdenocene species exhibited a proliferative profile. The molybdenocene-containing chelating ligands showed stronger proliferative effects than Cp2MoCl2. There is no correlation between the binding affinity of molybdenocenes for human serum albumin and cytotoxic activity toward HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idainés Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez, PR 00681
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20
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Singh SK, Moretta D, Almaguel F, De León M, De León DD. Precursor IGF-II (proIGF-II) and mature IGF-II (mIGF-II) induce Bcl-2 And Bcl-X L expression through different signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Growth Factors 2008; 26:92-103. [PMID: 18428028 PMCID: PMC2774405 DOI: 10.1080/08977190802057258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
IGF-II plays a crucial role in fetal and cancer development by signaling through the IGF-I receptor. We have shown that inhibition of IGF-II by resveratrol (RSV) induced apoptosis and that proIGF-II (highly expressed in cancer) was more potent than mIGF-II in inhibiting this effect. Thus, we hypothesized that IGF-II differentially regulates the signaling cascade of the IGF-I receptor to stimulate the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) to prevent apoptosis. RSV treatment to breast cancer cells inhibited Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) expression and induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization. ProIGF-II was more potent than mIGF-II in: (1) activating the PI3/Akt pathway, (2) regulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) expression, and (3) inducing phosphorylation/nuclear translocation of Cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein. Furthermore, IGF-II differentially regulated the intracellular translocation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), a critical process in breast cancer progression to hormone-independence. Our study provides a novel mechanism of how proIGF-II promotes progression and chemoresistance in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalla Singh
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA
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21
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Singh SK, Moretta D, Almaguel F, Wall NR, De León M, De León D. Differential effect of proIGF-II and IGF-II on resveratrol induced cell death by regulating survivin cellular localization and mitochondrial depolarization in breast cancer cells. Growth Factors 2007; 25:363-72. [PMID: 18365867 PMCID: PMC3070206 DOI: 10.1080/08977190801886905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) plays a pivotal role in fetal and cancer development by signaling through the IGF-I and insulin receptors and activating the estrogen signaling cascade. We previously showed that precursor IGF-II (proIGF-II, the predominant form expressed in cancer) and not mature IGF-II (mIGF-II) blocks resveratrol (RSV) (a phytoalexin/anticancer agent)-induced cell death in MCF-7 cells. We hypothesize that proIGF-II regulates antiapoptotic proteins and/or the mitochondria to inhibit RSV actions and promote cell survival. This study examines the effect of mIGF-II and proIGF-II on survivin expression and mitochondrial polarization in response to RSV. RSV inhibits survivin expression and stimulates mitochondrial depolarization, caspase 7 activation and cell death. These effects were completely blocked by the addition of proIGF-II. RSV treatment had no effect on transfected MCF-7 cells constitutively expressing proIGF-II, while IGF-II siRNA transfection decreased survivin levels. Our results provide new insights for the potential use of proIGF-II as target for new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalla Singh
- Center for Health Disparities Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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22
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Meneni S, Ott I, Sergeant CD, Sniady A, Gust R, Dembinski R. 5-Alkynyl-2'-deoxyuridines: chromatography-free synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation against human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3082-8. [PMID: 17336074 PMCID: PMC2577600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Starting with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, a series of 5-alkynyl-2'-deoxyuridines (with n-propyl, cyclopropyl, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl, p-tolyl, p-tert-butylphenyl, p-pentylphenyl, and trimethylsilyl alkyne substituents) have been synthesized via the palladium-catalyzed (Sonogashira) coupling reaction followed by a simplified isolation protocol (76-94% yield). The cytotoxic activity of modified nucleosides against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells has been determined in vitro. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, the only nucleoside in the series containing a terminal acetylene, is the most potent inhibitor with IC(50) (microM) 0.4+/-0.3 for MCF-7 and 4.4+/-0.4 for MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Meneni
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Königin Luise Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Craig D. Sergeant
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
| | - Adam Sniady
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Königin Luise Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Dembinski
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
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23
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El-Awady RA, Dikomey E, Dahm-Daphi J. Radiosensitivity of human tumour cells is correlated with the induction but not with the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:593-601. [PMID: 12888835 PMCID: PMC2394378 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine human tumour cell lines (four mammary, one bladder, two prostate, one cervical, and one squamous cell carcinoma) were studied as to whether cellular radiosensitivity is related to the number of initial or residual double-strand breaks (dsb). Cellular sensitivity was measured by colony assay and dsb by means of constant- and graded-field gel electrophoresis (CFGE and GFGE, respectively). The nine tumour cell lines showed a broad variation in cellular sensitivity (SF2 0.17-0.63). The number of initial dsb as measured by GFGE ranged between 14 and 27 dsb/Gy/diploid DNA content. In contrast, normal fibroblasts raised from skin biopsies of seven individuals showed only a marginal variation with 18-20 dsb/Gy/diploid DNA content. For eight of the nine tumour cell lines, there was a significant correlation between the number of initial dsb and the cellular radiosensitivity. The tumour cells showed a broad variation in the amount of dsb measured 24 h after irradiation by CFGE, which, however, was not correlated with the cellular sensitivity. This residual damage was found to be influenced not only by the actual number of residual dsb, but also by apoptosis and cell cycle progression which had impact on CFGE measurements. Some cell line strains were able to proliferate even after exposure to 150 Gy while others were found to degrade their DNA. Our results suggest that for tumour cells, in contrast to normal cells, the variation in sensitivity is mainly determined by differences in the initial number of dsb induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A El-Awady
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Dikomey
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiobiology, University Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Dahm-Daphi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. E-mail:
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24
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Abstract
The anticancer agent topotecan is considered to be S-phase specific. This implies that cancer cells that are not actively replicating DNA could resist the effects of the drug. The cycle specificity of topotecan action was investigated in MCF-7 cells, using time-lapse microscopy to link the initial cell cycle position during acute exposures to topotecan with the antiproliferative consequences for individual cells. The bioactive dose range (0.5-10 microM) for 1-h topotecan exposures was defined by rapid drug delivery and topoisomerase I trapping. Topotecan caused pan-cycle induction and activation of p53. Lineage analysis of the time-lapse sequences identified cells initially in S-phase and G2, and defined the time to mitosis for cells originating from G2, S-phase and G1. Topotecan prevented all mitoses from S-phase cells and G1 cells (half-maximal effects at 0.14 microM and 0.96 microM, respectively). No dose of topotecan completely prevented mitosis among G2 cells, and at saturating doses of topotecan about half the cells of G2 origin continued dividing (the half-maximal effects was at 0.31 microM). Overall, topotecan differentially targeted G1-, S- and G2-phase cells, but many G2 cells were resistant to topotecan, presenting a clear route for cell cycle-mediated drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Feeney
- Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - R J Errington
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - M Wiltshire
- Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - N Marquez
- Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - S C Chappell
- Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - P J Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail:
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25
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Trapani V, Patel V, Leong CO, Ciolino HP, Yeh GC, Hose C, Trepel JB, Stevens MFG, Sausville EA, Loaiza-Pérez AI. DNA damage and cell cycle arrest induced by 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203, NSC 703786) is attenuated in aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficient MCF-7 cells. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:599-605. [PMID: 12592376 PMCID: PMC2377159 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorinated benzothiazole analogue 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203, NSC 703786) is a novel agent with potent and selective antitumour properties and, in the form of its L-lysylamide prodrug Phortress (NSC 710305), is a current candidate for early phase clinical studies. Previous findings have indicated that cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) may play a role in the antitumour activity of molecules in the benzothiazole series including the nonfluorinated parent compound 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)benzothiazole (DF 203, NSC 674495) (Kashiyama et al, 1999; Chua et al, 2000; Loaiza-Pérez et al, 2002). In this study, we assessed and verified that a fully functional aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signalling pathway is a necessary requisite for the induction of efficient cytotoxicity by 5F 203 in MCF-7 wild-type sensitive cells. Drug exposure caused MCF-7 sensitive cells to arrest in G(1) and S phase, and induced DNA adduct formation, in contrast to AhR-deficient AH(R100) variant MCF-7 cells. In sensitive MCF-7 cells, induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 transcription (measured by luciferase reporter assay and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)), and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was demonstrated, following treatment with 5F 203. In contrast, in resistant AH(R100) cells, drug treatment did not affect CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 transcription and EROD activity. Furthermore, AH(R100) cells failed to produce either protein/DNA complexes on the xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) sequence of CYP1A1 promoter (measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay) or DNA adducts. The data confirm that activation of the AhR signalling pathway is an important feature of the antitumour activity of 5F 203.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Trapani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - V Patel
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C-O Leong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - H P Ciolino
- Cellular Defense and Carcinogenesis Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - G C Yeh
- Cellular Defense and Carcinogenesis Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - C Hose
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - J B Trepel
- Medical Oncology Clinical Research Unit, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MD 20892, USA
| | - M F G Stevens
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E A Sausville
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 6N115, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A I Loaiza-Pérez
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 6N115, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 6N115, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. E-mail:
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26
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Hoey RP, Sanderson C, Iddon J, Brady G, Bundred NJ, Anderson NG. The parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor is expressed in breast cancer bone metastases and promotes autocrine proliferation in breast carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:567-73. [PMID: 12592371 PMCID: PMC2377170 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) occurs in a high proportion of primary breast cancers (PBC) and is strongly implicated in their metastatic spread to bone. Although the PTHRP-receptor (PTHRP-R) is often coexpressed with PTHRP in PBC, its role in regulating breast cancer cell proliferation and metastases to bone remains unclear. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of the PTHRP-R in breast cancer bone metastases (BM) and to investigate the effects of PTHRP-R overexpression on breast cancer cell proliferation. PTHRP-R expression occurred in 85% (11 out of 13) of BM compared with 58% (39 out of 67) of PBC. Median expression was higher (P<0.05) in BM compared with PBC. PTHRP increased cAMP accumulation and DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells stably overexpressing the PTHRP-R (MCF-7(WTR)) but not in MCF-7(VEC) control cells. The increase in DNA synthesis was mimicked by the cAMP pathway activator forskolin. The receptor antagonist PTHRP(7-34) reduced DNA synthesis in MCF-7(WTR) cells, but not MCF-7(VEC) cells, indicating that receptor overexpression promotes autocrine PTHRP activity. MCF-7(WTR) cells showed increased mitogenic responsiveness to fetal calf serum and reduced doubling times. PTHRP induced weak activation of ERK1 and ERK2 and potentiated their activation by serum growth factors. Collectively these results show that the PTHRP-R is frequently expressed in breast cancer BM and indicate that receptor overexpression drives proliferation via autocrine signals that are mediated via cAMP and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Hoey
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medicine
| | - C Sanderson
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medicine
| | - J Iddon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - G Brady
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - N J Bundred
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medicine
| | - N G Anderson
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medicine
- University of Manchester, G186 Stopford Bldg, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. E-mail:
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27
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Larsen SS, Heiberg I, Lykkesfeldt AE. Anti-oestrogen resistant human breast cancer cell lines are more sensitive towards treatment with the vitamin D analogue EB1089 than parent MCF-7 cells. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:686-90. [PMID: 11237391 PMCID: PMC2363804 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancer patients treated with anti-oestrogens will eventually develop resistance towards treatment. Therefore it is important to find new therapeutic agents effective for treatment of patients relapsing on anti-oestrogen. The vitamin D analogue EB1089 (Seocalcitol(TM)) is a promising new agent for treatment of breast cancer patients with advanced disease, and in this study we show that two different anti-oestrogen-resistant human breast cancer cell lines are more sensitive towards treatment with EB1089, than the parent MCF-7 cell line. The two resistant cell lines both express a lower content of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and we suggest that this may explain the higher sensitivity towards EB1089. The importance of Bcl-2 for response to EB1089 is supported by our observation that oestradiol abrogates the effect of EB1089 in cell lines which increase Bcl-2 in response to oestradiol treatment. Overall these results indicate that treatment with Seocalcitol(TM)may prove effective when patients become refractory to anti-oestrogen therapy, and that Bcl-2 may be used as a predictive marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Larsen
- Department of Tumor Endocrinology, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, DK-2100 Ø, Denmark
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28
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Ciolino HP, Wang TT, Sathyamoorthy N. Inhibition of aromatase activity and expression in MCF-7 cells by the chemopreventive retinoid N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-retinamide. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:333-7. [PMID: 10917548 PMCID: PMC2374555 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the chemopreventive synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide (4-HPR) on aromatase activity and expression was examined. 4-HPR caused a dose-dependent inhibition of aromatase activity in microsomes isolated from JEG-3 human placental carcinoma cells. The kinetics of inhibition were analysed by double-reciprocal plot. The Km of the substrate increased and the Vmax of the reaction decreased in the presence of 4-HPR, indicating that enzyme inhibition involved both competition for the substrate-binding site and non-competitive mechanisms. To determine whether 4-HPR would also inhibit aromatase activity in intact cells, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were incubated with or without cAMP in the presence of 4-HPR. 4-HPR inhibited both basal and cAMP-induced aromatase activity in intact MCF-7 cells. The induction of aromatase mRNA expression in MCF-7 cells by cAMP was inhibited in cells treated with 4-HPR. These results indicate that 4-HPR inhibits both the enzymatic activity and expression of aromatase. These activities may play an important role in the known chemopreventive effect of 4-HPR towards breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Ciolino
- Cellular Defense and Carcinogenesis Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21701-1201, USA
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29
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Andersen HR, Andersson AM, Arnold SF, Autrup H, Barfoed M, Beresford NA, Bjerregaard P, Christiansen LB, Gissel B, Hummel R, Jørgensen EB, Korsgaard B, Le Guevel R, Leffers H, McLachlan J, Møller A, Nielsen JB, Olea N, Oles-Karasko A, Pakdel F, Pedersen KL, Perez P, Skakkeboek NE, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. Comparison of short-term estrogenicity tests for identification of hormone-disrupting chemicals. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107 Suppl 1:89-108. [PMID: 10229711 PMCID: PMC1566352 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.99107s189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare results obtained by eight different short-term assays of estrogenlike actions of chemicals conducted in 10 different laboratories in five countries. Twenty chemicals were selected to represent direct-acting estrogens, compounds with estrogenic metabolites, estrogenic antagonists, and a known cytotoxic agent. Also included in the test panel were 17beta++-estradiol as a positive control and ethanol as solvent control. The test compounds were coded before distribution. Test methods included direct binding to the estrogen receptor (ER), proliferation of MCF-7 cells, transient reporter gene expression in MCF-7 cells, reporter gene expression in yeast strains stably transfected with the human ER and an estrogen-responsive reporter gene, and vitellogenin production in juvenile rainbow trout. 17beta-Estradiol, 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol induced a strong estrogenic response in all test systems. Colchicine caused cytotoxicity only. Bisphenol A induced an estrogenic response in all assays. The results obtained for the remaining test compounds--tamoxifen, ICI 182.780, testosterone, bisphenol A dimethacrylate, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, nonylphenol dodecylethoxylate, butylbenzylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, methoxychlor, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, endosulfan, chlomequat chloride, and ethanol--varied among the assays. The results demonstrate that careful standardization is necessary to obtain a reasonable degree of reproducibility. Also, similar methods vary in their sensitivity to estrogenic compounds. Thus, short-term tests are useful for screening purposes, but the methods must be further validated by additional interlaboratory and interassay comparisons to document the reliability of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Andersen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark.
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