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Ramarao KDR, Razali Z, Somasundram C, Kunasekaran W, Jin TL. Effects of Drying Methods on the Antioxidant Properties of Piper betle Leaves. Molecules 2024; 29:1762. [PMID: 38675582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Piper betle leaf powder is increasingly utilised as a health supplement. In this study, P. betle leaves were subjected to four different drying methods: convective air-drying, oven-drying, sun-drying, and no drying, with fresh leaves as control. Their antioxidant properties were then evaluated using colourimetric assays and GC-MS. Results showed that the sun-dried leaves had the highest (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (66.23 ± 0.10 mg AAE/g), total polyphenol content (133.93 ± 3.76 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (81.25 ± 3.26 mg CE/g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (56.48 ± 0.11%), and the lowest alkaloid content (45.684 ± 0.265 mg/gm). GC-MS analysis revealed that major constituents of aqueous extracts of fresh and sun-dried P. betle leaves were hydrazine 1,2-dimethyl-; ethyl aminomethylformimidate; glycerin; propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (+/-)-; and 1,2-Cyclopentanedione. In conclusion, sun-dried leaves exhibited overall better antioxidant properties, and their aqueous extracts contained biologically active phytoconstituents that have uses in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivaandra Dayaa Rao Ramarao
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- The Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zuliana Razali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- The Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chandran Somasundram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- The Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wijenthiran Kunasekaran
- Wari Technologies Sdn. Bhd., 2A-2, Galleria Cyberjaya, Jalan Teknokrat 6, Cyber 5, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tan Li Jin
- Wari Technologies Sdn. Bhd., 2A-2, Galleria Cyberjaya, Jalan Teknokrat 6, Cyber 5, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Biswas P, Anand U, Saha SC, Kant N, Mishra T, Masih H, Bar A, Pandey DK, Jha N, Majumder M, Das N, Gadekar V, Shekhawat MS, Kumar M, Radha, Proćków J, de la Lastra JMP, Dey A. Betelvine (Piper betle L.): A comprehensive insight into its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological, biomedical and therapeutic attributes. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3083-3119. [PMID: 35502487 PMCID: PMC9170825 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper betle L. (synonym: Piper betel Blanco), or betel vine, an economically and medicinally important cash crop, belongs to the family Piperaceae, often known as the green gold. The plant can be found all over the world and is cultivatedprimarily in South East Asian countries for its beautiful glossy heart-shaped leaves, which are chewed or consumed as betelquidand widely used in Chinese and Indian folk medicine, as carminative, stimulant,astringent, against parasitic worms, conjunctivitis, rheumatism, wound, etc., andis also used for religious purposes. Hydroxychavicol is the most important bioactive compound among the wide range of phytoconstituents found in essential oil and extracts. The pharmacological attributes of P. betle are antiproliferation, anticancer, neuropharmacological, analgesic, antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, antifertility, antibacterial, antifungal and many more. Immense attention has been paid to nanoformulations and their applications. The application of P. betle did not show cytotoxicity in preclinical experiments, suggesting that it could serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for different diseases. The present review comprehensively summarizes the botanical description, geographical distribution, economic value and cultivation, ethnobotanical uses, preclinical pharmacological properties with insights of toxicological, clinical efficacy, and safety of P. betle. The findings suggest that P. betle represents an orally active and safe natural agent that exhibits great therapeutic potential for managing various human medical conditions. However, further research is needed to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms of action, clinical aspects, structure-activity relationships, bioavailability and synergistic interactions with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protha Biswas
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Suchismita Chatterjee Saha
- Department of ZoologyNabadwip Vidyasagar College (Affiliated to the University of Kalyani)NabadwipWest BengalIndia
| | - Nishi Kant
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Health and Allied ScienceARKA Jain UniversityJamshedpurJharkhandIndia
| | - Tulika Mishra
- Department of BotanyDeen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur UniversityGorakhpurUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Harison Masih
- Department of Industrial MicrobiologyJacob Institute of Biotechnology and BioengineeringSam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and SciencesPrayagrajUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Ananya Bar
- Department of ZoologyWilson College (Affiliated to University of Mumbai)MumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| | | | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Engineering & TechnologySharda UniversityGreater NoidaUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Madhumita Majumder
- Department of BotanyRaidighi College (Affiliated to University of Calcutta)RaidighiWest BengalIndia
| | - Neela Das
- Department of BotanyRishi Bankim Chandra College (Affiliated to the West Bengal State University)NaihatiWest BengalIndia
| | - Vijaykumar Shivaji Gadekar
- Zoology DepartmentSangola College (Affiliated to Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University)SolapurMaharashtraIndia
| | - Mahipal S. Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology UnitKanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and ResearchPuducherryIndia
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing DivisionICAR ‐ Central Institute for Research on Cotton TechnologyMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesSolanHimachal PradeshIndia
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant BiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyWrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (CSIS)Santa Cruz de TenerifeSpain
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataWest BengalIndia
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Budhiraja M, Zafar S, Akhter S, Alrobaian M, Rashid MA, Barkat MA, Beg S, Ahmad FJ. Mupirocin-Loaded Chitosan Microspheres Embedded in Piper betle Extract Containing Collagen Scaffold Accelerate Wound Healing Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:77. [PMID: 35194725 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the formulation of mupirocin-loaded chitosan microspheres embedded in Piper betle extract containing collagen scaffold as combinational drug delivery for improved wound healing. Selection of chitosan type (molecular weight and degree of deacetylation) was carried out based on their antibacterial efficacy. The low molecular weight chitosan was selected owing to the highest antibacterial action against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. Low molecular weight chitosan-microspheres showed spherical shape with largely smooth surface morphology, 11.81% of mupirocin loading, and its controlled release profile. The XRD, DSC thermograms, and FT-IR spectral analysis revealed the mupirocin loaded in molecularly dispersed or in amorphous form, and having no chemical interactions with the chitosan matrix, respectively. The in vivo study indicates potential effect of the mupirocin, Piper betle, and chitosan in the collagen scaffold in the wound healing efficiency with approximately 90% wound healing observed at the end of 15 days of study for combinational drug-loaded chitosan microspheres-collagen scaffold-treated group. The histopathology examination further revealed tissue lined by stratified squamous epithelium, collagen deposition, fibroblastic proliferation, and absence of inflammation indicating relatively efficient wound healing once treated with combinational drug-loaded chitosan microspheres containing scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Budhiraja
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sobiya Zafar
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sohail Akhter
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Nucleic Acids Transfer by Non-Viral Methods, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
- LE STUDIUM® Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire Region, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application (YAJCPMA), King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- New Product Development, Global R&D, Sterile Ops, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Aston Ln N, Halton, Preston Brook, Runcorn, WA7 3FA, UK
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abdur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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Nayaka NMDMW, Sasadara MMV, Sanjaya DA, Yuda PESK, Dewi NLKAA, Cahyaningsih E, Hartati R. Piper betle (L): Recent Review of Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties, Safety Profiles, and Commercial Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082321. [PMID: 33923576 PMCID: PMC8073370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper betle (L) is a popular medicinal plant in Asia. Plant leaves have been used as a traditional medicine to treat various health conditions. It is highly abundant and inexpensive, therefore promoting further research and industrialization development, including in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Articles published from 2010 to 2020 were reviewed in detail to show recent updates on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of betel leaves. This current review showed that betel leaves extract, essential oil, preparations, and isolates could inhibit microbial growth and kill various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as fungal species, including those that are multidrug-resistant and cause serious infectious diseases. P. betle leaves displayed high efficiency on Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The ratio of MBC/MIC indicated bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of P. betle leaves, while MFC/MIC values showed fungicidal and fungistatic effects. This review also provides a list of phytochemical compounds in betel leaves extracts and essential oils, safety profiles, and value-added products of betel leaves. Some studies also showed that the combination of betel leaves extract and essential oil with antibiotics (streptomycin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin) could provide potentiating antibacterial properties. Moreover, this review delivers a scientific resume for researchers in respected areas and manufacturers who want to develop betel leaves-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani Nayaka
- Department of Natural Medicine, Mahasaraswati University of Denpasar, Denpasar 80233, Indonesia; (M.M.V.S.); or (D.A.S.); (P.E.S.K.Y.); (N.L.K.A.A.D.); or (E.C.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara
- Department of Natural Medicine, Mahasaraswati University of Denpasar, Denpasar 80233, Indonesia; (M.M.V.S.); or (D.A.S.); (P.E.S.K.Y.); (N.L.K.A.A.D.); or (E.C.)
| | - Dwi Arymbhi Sanjaya
- Department of Natural Medicine, Mahasaraswati University of Denpasar, Denpasar 80233, Indonesia; (M.M.V.S.); or (D.A.S.); (P.E.S.K.Y.); (N.L.K.A.A.D.); or (E.C.)
| | - Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma Yuda
- Department of Natural Medicine, Mahasaraswati University of Denpasar, Denpasar 80233, Indonesia; (M.M.V.S.); or (D.A.S.); (P.E.S.K.Y.); (N.L.K.A.A.D.); or (E.C.)
| | - Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi
- Department of Natural Medicine, Mahasaraswati University of Denpasar, Denpasar 80233, Indonesia; (M.M.V.S.); or (D.A.S.); (P.E.S.K.Y.); (N.L.K.A.A.D.); or (E.C.)
| | - Erna Cahyaningsih
- Department of Natural Medicine, Mahasaraswati University of Denpasar, Denpasar 80233, Indonesia; (M.M.V.S.); or (D.A.S.); (P.E.S.K.Y.); (N.L.K.A.A.D.); or (E.C.)
| | - Rika Hartati
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
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Kurnia D, Hutabarat GS, Windaryanti D, Herlina T, Herdiyati Y, Satari MH. Potential Allylpyrocatechol Derivatives as Antibacterial Agent Against Oral Pathogen of S. sanguinis ATCC 10,556 and as Inhibitor of MurA Enzymes: in vitro and in silico Study. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:2977-2985. [PMID: 32801638 PMCID: PMC7396738 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s255269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus sanguinis is Gram-positive bacteria that contribute to caries. Many antibacterial agents are resistant against bacteria so that the discovery of new antibacterial agents is a crucial issue. Mechanism of antibacterial agents by disrupting cell wall bacteria is a promising target to be developed. One of the enzymes contributing to the cell wall is MurA enzyme. MurA is an enzyme catalyzing the first step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the cell wall formation. Inhibiting MurA is an effective and efficient way to kill the bacteria. Source of bioactive compounds including the antibacterial agent can be found in natural product such as herbal plant. Piper betle L. was reported to contain active antibacterial compounds. However, there is no more information on the antibacterial activity and molecular mechanism of P. betle's compound against S. sanguinis. PURPOSE The study aims to identify antibacterial constituents of P. betle L. and evaluate their activities through two different methods including in vitro and in silico analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antibacterial agent was purified by bioactivity-guided isolation with combination chromatography methods and the chemical structure was determined by spectroscopic methods. The in vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion and dilution methods while the in silico study of a compound binds on the MurA was determined using PyRx program. RESULTS The antibacterial compound identified as allylpyrocatechol showed inhibitory activity against S. sanguinis with an inhibition zone of 11.85 mm at 1%, together with MIC and MBC values of 39.1 and 78.1 μg/mL, respectively. Prediction for molecular inhibition mechanism of allylpyrocatechols against the MurA presented two allylpyrocatechol derivatives showing binding activity of -5.4, stronger than fosfomycin as a reference with the binding activity of -4.6. CONCLUSION Two allylpyrocatechol derivatives were predicted to have a good potency as a novel natural antibacterial agent against S. sanguinis through blocking MurA activity that causes disruption of bacterial cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikdik Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Geofanny Sarah Hutabarat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Devi Windaryanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Tati Herlina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Yetty Herdiyati
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Mieke Hemiawati Satari
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Wu YJ, Su TR, Chang CI, Chen CR, Hung KF, Liu C. (+)-Bornyl p-Coumarate Extracted from Stem of Piper betle Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103737. [PMID: 32466337 PMCID: PMC7279146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(+)-Bornyl p-coumarate is an active substance that is abundant in the Piper betle stem and has been shown to possess bioactivity against bacteria and a strong antioxidative effect. In the current study, we examined the actions of (+)-bornyl p-coumarate against A2058 and A375 melanoma cells. The inhibition effects of (+)-bornyl p-coumarate on these cell lines were assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the underlying mechanisms were identified by immunostaining, flow cytometry and western blotting of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy. Our results demonstrated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, demonstrating treatment induced apoptosis. In addition, western blotting revealed that the process is mediated by caspase-dependent pathways, release of cytochrome C, activation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad and caspase-3/-9) and suppression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1). Also, the upregulated expressions of p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-homologous protein (CHOP) after treatment indicated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate caused apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, increased expressions of beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, p62, LC3-I and LC3-II proteins and suppression by autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), indicated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate triggered autophagy in the melanoma cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate suppressed human melanoma cell growth and should be further investigated with regards to its potential use as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Rong Su
- Antai Medical Care Corporation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Chiy-Rong Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95002, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Feng Hung
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaoshiung 91363, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaoshiung 82144, Taiwan
- Department of Health Beauty, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaoshiung 82144, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-779-9821 (ext. 8398)
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Shah S, Gaikwad S, Nagar S, Kulshrestha S, Vaidya V, Nawani N, Pawar S. Biofilm inhibition and anti-quorum sensing activity of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles against the nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofouling 2019; 35:34-49. [PMID: 30727758 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1563686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS), the communication signaling network, regulates biofilm formation and several virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen. QS is considered to be a challenging target for compounds antagonistic to virulent factors. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are reported as anti-QS and anti-biofilm drugs against bacterial infections. The present study reports on the synthesis and characterization of Piper betle (Pb) mediated AgNPs (Pb-AgNPs). The anti-QS activity of Pb-AgNPs against Chromobacterium violaceum and the potential effect of Pb-AgNPs on QS-regulated phenotypes in PAO1 were studied. FTIR analysis exhibited that Pb-AgNPs had been capped by phytochemical constituents of Pb. Eugenol is one of the active phenolic phytochemicals in Pb leaves, therefore molecular docking of eugenol-conjugated AgNPs on QS regulator proteins (LasR, LasI and MvfR) was performed. Eugenol-conjugated AgNPs showed considerable binding interactions with QS-associated proteins. These results provide novel insights into the development of phytochemically conjugated nanoparticles as promising anti-infective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Shah
- a Microbial Diversity Research Centre , Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute , Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
| | - Swapnil Gaikwad
- a Microbial Diversity Research Centre , Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute , Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
| | - Shuchi Nagar
- b Bioinformatics Research Laboratory , Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute , Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
| | - Shatavari Kulshrestha
- a Microbial Diversity Research Centre , Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute , Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
| | - Viniti Vaidya
- a Microbial Diversity Research Centre , Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute , Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
| | - Neelu Nawani
- a Microbial Diversity Research Centre , Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute , Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
| | - Sarika Pawar
- a Microbial Diversity Research Centre , Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute , Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
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Singh D, Narayanamoorthy S, Gamre S, Majumdar AG, Goswami M, Gami U, Cherian S, Subramanian M. Hydroxychavicol, a key ingredient of Piper betle induces bacterial cell death by DNA damage and inhibition of cell division. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:62-71. [PMID: 29550331 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global problem and there is an urgent need to augment the arsenal against pathogenic bacteria. The emergence of different drug resistant bacteria is threatening human lives to be pushed towards the pre-antibiotic era. Botanical sources remain a vital source of diverse organic molecules that possess antibacterial property as well as augment existing antibacterial molecules. Piper betle, a climber, is widely used in south and south-east Asia whose leaves and nuts are consumed regularly. Hydroxychavicol (HC) isolated from Piper betle has been reported to possess antibacterial activity. It is currently not clear how the antibacterial activity of HC is manifested. In this investigation we show HC generates superoxide in E. coli cells. Antioxidants protected E. coli against HC induced cell death while gshA mutant was more sensitive to HC than wild type. DNA damage repair deficient mutants are hypersensitive to HC and HC induces the expression of DNA damage repair genes that repair oxidative DNA damage. HC treated E. coli cells are inhibited from growth and undergo DNA condensation. In vitro HC binds to DNA and cleaves it in presence of copper. Our data strongly indicates HC mediates bacterial cell death by ROS generation and DNA damage. Damage to iron sulfur proteins in the cells contribute to amplification of oxidative stress initiated by HC. Further HC is active against a number of Gram negative bacteria isolated from patients with a wide range of clinical symptoms and varied antibiotic resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | | | - Sunita Gamre
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ananda Guha Majumdar
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Manish Goswami
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Umesh Gami
- Department of Pathology, BARC Hospital, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Susan Cherian
- Department of Pathology, BARC Hospital, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Mahesh Subramanian
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Ali A, Chong CH, Mah SH, Abdullah LC, Choong TSY, Chua BL. Impact of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Predominant Phenolic Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Dried Piper betle Extracts. Molecules 2018; 23:E484. [PMID: 29473847 PMCID: PMC6017861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic constituents in Piper betle are well known for their antioxidant potential; however, current literature has very little information on their stability under the influence of storage factors. Present study evaluated the stability of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity together with individual phenolic constituents (hydroxychavicol, eugenol, isoeugenol and allylpyrocatechol 3,4-diacetate) present in dried Piper betle's extract under different storage temperature of 5 and 25 °C with and without light for a period of six months. Both light and temperature significantly influenced TPC and its corresponding antioxidant activity over time. More than 95% TPC and antioxidant activity was retained at 5 °C in dark condition after 180 days of storage. Hydroxychavicol demonstrated the best stability with no degradation while eugenol and isoeugenol displayed moderate stability in low temperature (5 °C) and dark conditions. 4-allyl-1,2-diacetoxybenzene was the only compound that underwent complete degradation. A new compound, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, was detected after five weeks of storage only in the extracts exposed to light. Both zero-order and first-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the degradation kinetics of the extract's antioxidant activity. Zero-order displayed better fit with higher correlation coefficients (R² = 0.9046) and the half-life was determined as 62 days for the optimised storage conditions (5 °C in dark conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Ali
- School of Engineering, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Chien Hwa Chong
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Malaysia Campus, No 1 Jalan Venna P5/2, Precinct 5, Putrajaya 62200, Malaysia.
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Bee Lin Chua
- School of Engineering, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
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Syahidah A, Saad CR, Hassan MD, Rukayadi Y, Norazian MH, Kamarudin MS. Phytochemical Analysis, Identification and Quantification of Antibacterial Active Compounds in Betel Leaves, Piper betle Methanolic Extract. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20:70-81. [PMID: 29022997 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.70.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The problems of bacterial diseases in aquaculture are primarily controlled by antibiotics. Medicinal plants and herbs which are seemed to be candidates of replacements for conventional antibiotics have therefore gained increasing interest. Current study was performed to investigate the presence of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial activities and composition of antibacterial active compounds in methanolic extract of local herb, Piper betle . METHODOLOGY Qualitative phytochemical analysis was firstly carried out to determine the possible active compounds in P. betle leaves methanolic extract. The antibacterial activities of major compounds from this extract against nine fish pathogenic bacteria were then assessed using TLC-bioautography agar overlay assay and their quantity were determined simultaneously by HPLC method. RESULTS The use of methanol has proved to be successful in extracting numerous bioactive compounds including antibacterial compounds. The TLC-bioautography assay revealed the inhibitory action of two compounds which were identified as hydroxychavicol and eugenol. The $-caryophyllene however was totally inactive against all the tested bacterial species. In this study, the concentration of hydroxychavicol in extract was found to be 374.72±2.79 mg g-1, while eugenol was 49.67±0.16 mg g-1. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, it could be concluded that hydroxychavicol and eugenol were the responsible compounds for the promising antibacterial activity of P. betle leaves methanolic extract. This inhibitory action has significantly correlated with the amount of the compounds in extract. Due to its potential, the extract of P. betle leaves or it compounds can be alternative source of potent natural antibacterial agents for aquaculture disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Syahidah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C R Saad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M D Hassan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selang or, Malaysia
| | - Y Rukayadi
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M H Norazian
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M S Kamarudin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysi
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Abdul Ghani ZDF, Husin JM, Rashid AHA, Shaari K, Chik Z. Biochemical studies of Piper betle L leaf extract on obese treated animal using 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach of blood serum samples. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 194:690-697. [PMID: 27725236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Piper betle L. (PB) belongs to the Piperaceae family. The presence of a fairly large quantity of diastase in the betel leaf is deemed to play an important role in starch digestion and calls for the study of weight loss activities and metabolite profile from PB leaf extracts using metabolomics approach to be performed. PB dried leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol and the extracts were subjected to five groups of rats fed with high fat (HF) and standard diet (SD). They were then fed with the extracts in two doses and compared with a negative control group given water only according to the study protocol. The body weights and food intakes were monitored every week. At the end of the study, blood serum of the experimental animal was analysed to determine the biochemical and metabolite changes. PB treated group demonstrated inhibition of body weight gain without showing an effect on the food intake. In serum bioassay, the PB treated group (HF/PB (100mg/kg and 500mg/kg) showed an increased in glucose and cholesterol levels compared to the Standard Diet (SD/WTR) group, a decrease in LDL level and increase in HDL level when compared with High Fat Diet (HF/WTR) group. For metabolite analysis, two separation models were made to determine the metabolite changes via group activities. The best separation of PCA serum in Model 1 and 2 was achieved in principle component 1 and principle component 2. SUS-Plot model showed that HF group was characterized by high-level of glucose, glycine and alanine. Increase in the β-hydroxybutyrate level similar with SD group animals was evident in the HF/PB(500mg/kg) group. This finding suggested that the administration of 500mg/kg PB extracts leads to increase in oxidation process in the body thus maintaining the body weight and without giving an effect on the appetite even though HF was continuously consumed by the animals until the end of the studies and also a reduction in food intake, thus maintaining their body weight although they were continuously consumed HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleen Delina Fasya Abdul Ghani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur; Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, Sirim Berhad, 40700 Shah Alam, Malaysia.
| | - Juani Mazmin Husin
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, Sirim Berhad, 40700 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Khozirah Shaari
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Chik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
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Srinivasan R, Devi KR, Kannappan A, Pandian SK, Ravi AV. Piper betle and its bioactive metabolite phytol mitigates quorum sensing mediated virulence factors and biofilm of nosocomial pathogen Serratia marcescens in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:592-603. [PMID: 27721053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper betle, a tropical creeper plant belongs to the family Piperaceae. The leaves of this plant have been well known for their therapeutic, religious and ceremonial value in South and Southeast Asia. It has also been reported to possess several biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antinociceptive, antidiabetic, insecticidal and gastroprotective activities and used as a common ingredient in indigenous medicines. In Indian system of ayurvedic medicine, P. betle has been well recognized for its antiseptic properties and is commonly applied on wounds and lesions for its healing effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) and antibiofilm efficacy of P. betle and its bioactive metabolite phytol against Serratia marcescens. MATERIALS AND METHODS The P. betle ethyl acetate extract (PBE) was evaluated for its anti-QS efficacy against S. marcescens by assessing the prodigiosin and lipase production at 400 and 500µgml-1 concentrations. In addition, the biofilm biomass quantification assay was performed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of PBE against S. marcescens. Besides, the influence of PBE on bacterial biofilm formation was assessed through microscopic techniques. The biofilm related phenomenons like exopolysaccharides (EPS) production, hydrophobicity and swarming motility were also examined to support the antibiofilm activity of PBE. Transcriptional analysis of QS regulated genes in S. marcescens was also done. Characterization of PBE was done by separation through column chromatography and identification of active metabolites by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry. The major compounds of active fractions such as hexadecanoic acid, eugenol and phytol were assessed for their anti-QS activity against S. marcescens. Further, the in vitro bioassays such as protease, biofilm and HI quantification were also carried out to confirm the anti-QS and antibiofilm potential of phytol in PBE. RESULTS PBE inhibits QS mediated prodigiosin pigment production in S. marcescens, which confirmed its anti-QS potential against S. marcescens. At 500µgml-1 concentration, PBE significantly inhibited the production of protease, lipase, biofilm and EPS to the level of 71%, 68%, 65% and 43% in S. marcescens, respectively. Further, their antibiofilm efficacy was confirmed through microscopic techniques. In addition, PBE effectively inhibited the hydrophobicity and swarming motility. Additionally, the results of qPCR analysis validated the downregulation of QS genes. Chromatographic techniques the presence of hexadecanoic acid, eugenol and phytol in PBE and the potential bioactive compound with anti-QS activity was identified as phytol. In vitro assays with phytol evidenced the potent inhibition of QS-controlled prodigiosin, protease, biofilm and hydrophobicity in S. marcescens, without exerting any deleterious effect on its growth. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the promising anti-QS and antibiofilm activities of PBE and its active metabolite phytol, and confirms the ethnopharmacological applications of these leaves against S. marcescens infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Rama Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunachalam Kannappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arumugam Veera Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Leesombun A, Boonmasawai S, Shimoda N, Nishikawa Y. Effects of Extracts from Thai Piperaceae Plants against Infection with Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156116. [PMID: 27213575 PMCID: PMC4877092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines and natural herb extracts are widely used as alternative treatments for various parasitic diseases, and such extracts may also have potential to decrease the side effects of the standard regimen drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis (sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine combination). We evaluated how effective the Thai piperaceae plants Piper betle, P. nigrum and P. sarmentosum are against Toxoplasma gondii infection in vitro and in vivo. Individually, we extracted the piperaceae plants with ethanol, passed them through a rotary evaporator and then lyophilized them to obtain crude extracts for each one. The in vitro study indicated that the P. betle extract was the most effective extract at inhibiting parasite growth in HFF cells (IC50 on RH-GFP: 23.2 μg/mL, IC50 on PLK-GFP: 21.4 μg/mL). Furthermore, treatment of experimental mice with the P. betle extract for 7 days after infection with 1,000 tachyzoites of the T. gondii PLK strain increased their survival (survival rates: 100% in 400 mg/kg-treated, 83.3% in 100 mg/kg-treated, 33.3% in 25 mg/kg-treated, 33.3% in untreated mice). Furthermore, treatment with 400 mg/kg of the P. betle extract resulted in 100% mouse survival following infection with 100,000 tachyzoites. The present study shows that P. betle extract has the potential to act as a medical plant for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpron Leesombun
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080–8555, Japan
| | - Sookruetai Boonmasawai
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Naomi Shimoda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080–8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080–8555, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Liu YC, Lee MR, Chen CJ, Lin YC, Ho HC. Purification of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from Piper betle leaf and its characterization in the oral cavity. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:2225-2232. [PMID: 25650283 DOI: 10.1021/jf505753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to purify protein(s) from Piper betle leaf for identification and further characterization. A functionally unknown protein was purified to apparent homogeneity with a molecular mass of 15.7 kDa and identified as Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). The purified SOD appeared to be monomeric and converted to its dimeric form with increased enzymatic activity in betel nut oral extract. This irreversible conversion was mainly induced by slaked lime, resulting from the increase in pH of the oral cavity. Oral extract from chewing areca nut alone also induced SOD dimerization due to the presence of arginine. The enhanced activity of the SOD dimer was responsible for the continuous production of hydrogen peroxide in the oral cavity. Thus, SOD may contribute to oral carcinogenesis through the continuous formation of hydrogen peroxide in the oral cavity, in spite of its protective role against cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Liu
- Proteomics Core Lab, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital , No. 2 Yu-De Road, Taichung, 40407, Taiwan R.O.C
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Ferreres F, Oliveira AP, Gil-Izquierdo A, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Piper betle leaves: profiling phenolic compounds by HPLC/DAD-ESI/MS(n) and anti-cholinesterase activity. Phytochem Anal 2014; 25:453-460. [PMID: 24733630 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Piper betle L. is a widely distributed plant in the tropical and subtropical regions, its leaves being largely consumed as a masticator and mouth freshener. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this work were to characterise the phenolic profile of this species and to improve knowledge of its anti-cholinesterase properties. METHODS The phenolic composition of P. betle leaf aqueous and ethanol extracts was characterised by HPLC coupled with a diode-array detector and combined with electrospray ionisation tandem MS, and in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory capacity of both extracts was assessed by spectrophotometric microassays. The effect on neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. RESULTS Twelve phenolic compounds, comprising a phenylpropanoid, five cinnamoyl and six flavonoids derivatives were identified in P. betle leaves. Hydroxychavicol was the major compound in both extracts; however, the aqueous extract presented a greater diversity of compounds. Both extracts showed strong activity against both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase, which can be due, at least partially, to the phenolic composition. Furthermore, the aqueous extract proved to be cytotoxic to human neuroblastoma cells at concentrations higher than 500 µg/mL. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the consumption of P. betle leaves as an infusion can have a positive impact in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Apigenin and luteolin derivatives are reported for the first time in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Huang XZ, Xu Y, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Wong YH, Han Z, Yin Y, Qian PY. Nontoxic piperamides and their synthetic analogues as novel antifouling reagents. Biofouling 2014; 30:473-481. [PMID: 24666035 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.889688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided isolation of an acetone extract from a terrestrial plant Piper betle produced four known piperamides with potent antifouling (AF) activities, as evidenced by inhibition of settlement of barnacle cypris larvae. The AF activities of the four piperamides and 15 synthesized analogues were compared and their structure-activity relationships were probed. Among the compounds, piperoleine B and 1-[1-oxo-7-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6E-heptenyl]-piperidine (MPHP) showed strong activity against settlement of cyprids of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, having EC50 values of 1.1 ± 0.3 and 0.5 ± 0.2 μg ml(-1), respectively. No toxicity against zebra fish was observed following incubation with these two compounds. Besides being non-toxic, 91% of piperoleine B-treated cyprids and 84% of MPHP-treated cyprids at a concentration of 100 μM completed normal metamorphosis in recovery bioassays, indicating that the anti-settlement effect of these two compounds was reversible. Hydrolysis and photolysis experiments indicated that MPHP could be decomposed in the marine environment. It is concluded that piperamides are promising compounds for use in marine AF coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhong Huang
- a Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR , China
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Bhattacherjee A, Chakraborti AS. Inhibitory effect of Piper betle Linn. leaf extract on protein glycation--quantification and characterization of the antiglycation components. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2013; 50:529-536. [PMID: 24772978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Piper betle Linn. is a Pan-Asiatic plant having several beneficial properties. Protein glycation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation are associated with different pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes mellitus. Our study aims to find the effect of methanolic extract of P. betle leaves on in vitro protein glycation in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose model. The extract inhibits glucose-induced glycation, thiol group modification and carbonyl formation in BSA in dose-dependent manner. It inhibits different stages of protein glycation, as demonstrated by using glycation models: hemoglobin-delta-gluconolactone (for early stage, Amadori product formation), BSA-methylglyoxal (for middle stage, formation of oxidative cleavage products) and BSA-glucose (for last stage, formation of AGEs) systems. Several phenolic compounds are isolated from the extract. Considering their relative amounts present in the extract, rutin appears to be the most active antiglycating agent. The extract of P. betle leaf may thus have beneficial effect in preventing protein glycation and associated complications in pathological conditions.
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Chen DZ, Xiong HB, Tian K, Guo JM, Huang XZ, Jiang ZY. Two new sphingolipids from the leaves of Piper betle L. Molecules 2013; 18:11241-9. [PMID: 24036513 PMCID: PMC6270174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new sphingolipids, pipercerebrosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaves of Piper betle L. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation. These two compounds did not show significant cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines K562 and HL-60 in a MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiang-Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan University of Nationalities, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan University of Nationalities, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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Tan LY, Yin WF, Chan KG. Piper nigrum, Piper betle and Gnetum gnemon--natural food sources with anti-quorum sensing properties. Sensors (Basel) 2013; 13:3975-85. [PMID: 23519352 PMCID: PMC3658786 DOI: 10.3390/s130303975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various parts of Piper nigrum, Piper betle and Gnetum gnemon are used as food sources by Malaysians. The purpose of this study is to examine the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) properties of P. nigrum, P. betle and G. gnemon extracts. The hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of these plants were assessed in bioassays involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, Escherichia coli [pSB401], E. coli [pSB1075] and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. It was found that the extracts of these three plants have anti-QS ability. Interestingly, the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts from P. betle showed the most potent anti-QS activity as judged by the bioassays. Since there is a variety of plants that serve as food sources in Malaysia that have yet to be tested for anti-QS activity, future work should focus on identification of these plants and isolation of the anti-QS compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ying Tan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Lin CF, Hwang TL, Chien CC, Tu HY, Lay HL. A new hydroxychavicol dimer from the roots of Piper betle. Molecules 2013; 18:2563-70. [PMID: 23442932 PMCID: PMC6270560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new hydroxychavicol dimer, 2-(g'-hydroxychavicol)-hydroxychavicol (1), was isolated from the roots of Piper betle Linn. along with five known compounds, hydroxychavicol (2), aristololactam A II (3), aristololactam B II (4), piperolactam A (5) and cepharadione A (6). The structures of these isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory effects on the generation of superoxide anion and the release of elastase by human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Cell Pharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chien Chien
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Huei-Yu Tu
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technolog, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Horng-Liang Lay
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technolog, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-8-774-0365; Fax: +886-8-774-0415
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Bajpai V, Pandey R, Negi MPS, Kumar N, Kumar B. DART MS based chemical profiling for therapeutic potential of Piper betle landraces. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:1627-1629. [PMID: 23413569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper betle Linn. leaves are traditionally used as a folk medicine in India and other Asiatic countries. Twenty-one P. betle landraces were analyzed using a Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) mass spectral technique and evaluated on the basis of molecules detected in the leaves. Clustering of landraces based on three well known biologically active phenols (m/z 151,165,193) showed two broad groups with high and low phenol contents suggesting differences in their therapeutic potential. Findings of this study could be useful in rapid screening of the landraces for determining their medicinal potential and optimum utilization of the bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bajpai
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow-226001, India
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Aliahmat NS, Noor MRM, Yusof WJW, Makpol S, Ngah WZW, Yusof YAM. Antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde levels can be modulated by Piper betle, tocotrienol rich fraction and Chlorella vulgaris in aging C57BL/6 mice. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:1447-54. [PMID: 23295600 PMCID: PMC3521809 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(12)16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity and the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and plasma malondialdehyde levels in aging mice and to evaluate how these measures are modulated by potential antioxidants, including the tocotrienol-rich fraction, Piper betle, and Chlorella vulgaris. METHOD One hundred and twenty male C57BL/6 inbred mice were divided into three age groups: young (6 months old), middle-aged (12 months old), and old (18 months old). Each age group consisted of two control groups (distilled water and olive oil) and three treatment groups: Piper betle (50 mg/kg body weight), tocotrienol-rich fraction (30 mg/kg), and Chlorella vulgaris (50 mg/kg). The duration of treatment for all three age groups was two months. Blood was withdrawn from the orbital sinus to determine the antioxidant enzyme activity and the malondialdehyde level. RESULTS Piper betle increased the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the young, middle, and old age groups, respectively, when compared to control. The tocotrienol-rich fraction decreased the superoxide dismutase activity in the middle and the old age groups but had no effect on catalase or glutathione peroxidase activity for all age groups. Chlorella vulgaris had no effect on superoxide dismutase activity for all age groups but increased glutathione peroxidase and decreased catalase activity in the middle and the young age groups, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris reduced lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde levels) in all age groups, but no significant changes were observed with the tocotrienol-rich fraction and the Piper betle treatments. CONCLUSION We found equivocal age-related changes in erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity when mice were treated with Piper betle, the tocotrienol-rich fraction, and Chlorella vulgaris. However, Piper betle treatment showed increased antioxidant enzymes activity during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Syahida Aliahmat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Malaysia
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Abrahim NN, Kanthimathi MS, Abdul-Aziz A. Piper betle shows antioxidant activities, inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation and increases activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12:220. [PMID: 23153283 PMCID: PMC3533855 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and the focus on finding chemotherapeutic agents have recently shifted to natural products. Piper betle is a medicinal plant with various biological activities. However, not much data is available on the anti-cancer effects of P. betle on breast cancer. Due to the current interest in the potential effects of antioxidants from natural products in breast cancer treatment, we investigated the antioxidant activities of the leaves of P. betle and its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. METHODS The leaves of P. betle were extracted with solvents of varying polarities (water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) and their phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using colorimetric assays. Phenolic composition was characterized using HPLC. Antioxidant activities were measured using FRAP, DPPH, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and hyroxyl radical scavenging assays. Biological activities of the extracts were analysed using MTT assay and antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) assays in MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Overall, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest ferric reducing activity and radical scavenging activities against DPPH, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radicals. This extract also contained the highest phenolic content implying the potential contribution of phenolics towards the antioxidant activities. HPLC analyses revealed the presence of catechin, morin and quercetin in the leaves. The ethyl acetate extract also showed the highest inhibitory effect against the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (IC50=65 μg/ml). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with the plant extract increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSIONS Ethyl acetate is the optimal solvent for the extraction of compounds with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the treated cells could alter the antioxidant defense system, potentially contributing towards the anti-proliferative effect. There is great potential for the ethyl acetate extract of P. betle leaf as a source of natural antioxidants and to be developed as therapeutics in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Nazirahanie Abrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M S Kanthimathi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Chakraborty JB, Mahato SK, Joshi K, Shinde V, Rakshit S, Biswas N, Choudhury Mukherjee I, Mandal L, Ganguly D, Chowdhury AA, Chaudhuri J, Paul K, Pal BC, Vinayagam J, Pal C, Manna A, Jaisankar P, Chaudhuri U, Konar A, Roy S, Bandyopadhyay S. Hydroxychavicol, a Piper betle leaf component, induces apoptosis of CML cells through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-dependent JNK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and overrides imatinib resistance. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:88-99. [PMID: 21943109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic extract of Piper betle (Piper betle L.) leaves was recently found to induce apoptosis of CML cells expressing wild type and mutated Bcr-Abl with imatinib resistance phenotype. Hydroxy-chavicol (HCH), a constituent of the alcoholic extract of Piper betle leaves, was evaluated for anti-CML activity. Here, we report that HCH and its analogues induce killing of primary cells in CML patients and leukemic cell lines expressing wild type and mutated Bcr-Abl, including the T315I mutation, with minimal toxicity to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. HCH causes early but transient increase of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species-dependent persistent activation of JNK leads to an increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-mediated nitric oxide generation. This causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, cleavage of caspase 9, 3 and poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase leading to apoptosis. One HCH analogue was also effective in vivo in SCID mice against grafts expressing the T315I mutation, although to a lesser extent than grafts expressing wild type Bcr-Abl, without showing significant bodyweight loss. Our data describe the role of JNK-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase-mediated nitric oxide for anti-CML activity of HCH and this molecule merits further testing in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Blotting, Western
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Eugenol/analogs & derivatives
- Eugenol/chemistry
- Eugenol/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase 4/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Piper betle/chemistry
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree B Chakraborty
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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25
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Gupta S, Gupta SM, Kumar N. Role of chlorophyllase in chlorophyll homeostasis and post-harvest breakdown in Piper betle L. leaf. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2011; 48:353-360. [PMID: 22165295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Piper betle L., a dioecious shade-loving perennial climber is one of the important Pan-Asiatic plants. More than hundred landraces having marked variation in leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content are in cultivation in India. In this study, role of chlorophyllase (Chlase) in Chl homeostasis and post-harvest breakdown was investigated in two contrasting P. betle landraces Kapoori Vellaikodi (KV) with light green and Khasi Shillong (KS) with dark green leaves. The two landraces showed negative correlation between Chl content and Chlase activity in fresh as well as stored leaves. Accumulation of chlorophyllide a (Chlid a) was correlated with the level of Chlase activity, which was higher in KV than KS. The overall response of abscisic acid (ABA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) was similar in KV and KS, however, the time-course was different. ABA-induced Chl loss was accompanied by rise in Chlase activity in KV and KS and the delay in Chl loss by BAP was accompanied by reduction in Chlase activity. While there were significant differences in Chlase activity in KV and KS, only minor differences were observed in the enzyme properties like pH and temperature optima, Km and Vmax. No landrace-related differences were observed on the effect of metal ions and functional group reagents/amino acid effectors on Chlase activity. These results showed that despite significant differences in Chl content and Chlase activity between landraces KV and KS, the properties of Chlase were similar. The findings show that in P. betle Chlase is involved in Chl homeostasis and also in Chl degradation during post-harvest storage and responds to hormonal regulations. These findings might be useful in predicting the stability of Chl during post-harvest storage and also the shelf-life in other P. betle landraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Gupta
- Betel Vine Biotech Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India
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26
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Al-Rmalli SW, Jenkins RO, Haris PI. Betel quid chewing elevates human exposure to arsenic, cadmium and lead. J Hazard Mater 2011; 190:69-74. [PMID: 21440366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported increased skin lesions in betel quid (a mixture of Piper betel leaves, areca nut, tobacco/flavoured tobacco, lime) chewers compared to non-chewers, exposed to arsenic (As) contaminated drinking water in Bangladesh and India. The current study has determined As, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels of betel quids and its components using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The highest concentrations of As were found in slaked lime (4.56 mg kg(-1)) followed by Piper betel leaves (0.406 mg kg(-1)) and flavoured tobacco (zarda) (0.285 mg kg(-1)), with a mean concentrations of As in betel quids of 0.035 mg kg(-1) (SD 0.02 mg kg(-1)). Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in ordinary quids were 0.028 (SD 0.07 mg kg(-1)) and 0.423 (SD 1.4 mg kg(-1)), respectively. We estimated that a daily intake of 6 betel quids could contribute 1.2, 1.9 and 8.5% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMDTI) for As, Cd and Pb, respectively. Since betel quid chewing is most prevalent among women, our finding raises concern that women chewers - especially pregnant chewers - may be harming their health and that of their unborn babies through increased exposure to a mixture of toxic elements (As, Cd and Pb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaban W Al-Rmalli
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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27
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Huang X, Yin Y, Huang W, Sun K, Cheng C, Bai L, Dai Y. [Alkaloids and lignans from stems of Piper betle]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2010; 35:2285-2288. [PMID: 21137339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids and lignans from the stems of Piper betle were studied. Compounds were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel, reverse phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. From the ethyl acetate soluble fractions of the 70% acetone extract, ten compounds were isolated and identified as piperine (1), pellitorine (2), N-isobutyl-2E,4E-dodecadienamide (3), dehydropipernonaline (4), piperdardine (5), piperolein-B (6), guineensine (7), (2E,4E)-N-isobutyl-7-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-heptadienamide (8), syringaresinol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9),pinoresinol (10). All Compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time, and compounds 9 and 10 were isolated firstly from the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology of Yunnan Nationalities University, Kunming 650500, China.
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28
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Ganguly S, Mula S, Chattopadhyay S, Chatterjee M. An ethanol extract of Piper betle Linn. mediates its anti-inflammatory activity via down-regulation of nitric oxide. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:711-8. [PMID: 17524237 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.5.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The leaves of Piper betle (locally known as Paan) have long been in use in the Indian indigenous system of medicine for the relief of pain; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this effect have not been elucidated. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of an ethanolic extract of the leaves of P. betle (100 mg kg−1; PB) were demonstrated in a complete Freund's adjuvant-induced model of arthritis in rats with dexamethasone (0.1 mg kg−1) as the positive control. At non-toxic concentrations of PB (5–25 μg mL−1), a dose-dependent decrease in extracellular production of nitric oxide in murine peritoneal macrophages was measured by the Griess assay and corroborated by flow cytometry using the nitric oxide specific probe, 4,5-diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate. This decreased generation of reactive nitrogen species was mediated by PB progressively down-regulating transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages, and concomitantly causing a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of interleukin-12 p40, indicating the ability of PB to down-regulate T-helper 1 pro-inflammatory responses. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthrotic activity of PB is attributable to its ability to down-regulate the generation of reactive nitrogen species, thus meriting further pharmacological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Ganguly
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244 B, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road, Kolkata-700 020, West Bengal
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29
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Yin Y, Huang XZ, Wang J, Dai JH, Liang H, Dai Y. [Studies on the chemical constituents of the stems of Piper betle]. Zhong Yao Cai 2009; 32:887-890. [PMID: 19764326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Piper betle. METHODS Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated from the petroleum ester and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of the 70% acetone extract and their structures were identified as 6beta-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (1), beta-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3), oleanolic acid (4), 23-hydroxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid (5), beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside-6'-O-palmitate (6), beta-daucosterol (7), (2S) -4'-hydroxy- 2,3-dihydroflavonone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (8) and alpha-ethyl glucoside (9). CONCLUSION Among these compounds, 1, 3 -9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology of Yunnan Nationalities University, Kunming 650031, China
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30
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Trakranrungsie N, Chatchawanchonteera A, Khunkitti W. Ethnoveterinary study for antidermatophytic activity of Piper betle, Alpinia galanga and Allium ascalonicum extracts in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:80-4. [PMID: 17482221 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crude ethanolic extracts of Piper betle leaves (Piperaceae), Alpinia galanga rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) and Allium ascalonicum bulbs (Liliaceae) were tested against selected zoonotic dermatophytes (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophyte) and the yeast-like Candida albicans. A broth dilution method was employed to determine the inhibitory effect of the extracts and compared to those of ketoconazole and griseofulvin. All extracts suppressed the growth of the fungi in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the extracts tested, P. betle exhibited more effective antifungal properties with average IC(50) values ranging from 110.44 to 119.00 microg/ml. Subsequently, 10% Piper betle (Pb) cream was formulated, subjected to physical and microbial limit test and evaluated for antifungal effect. The disc diffusion assay revealed comparable zones of inhibition between discs of Pb cream containing 80 microg P. betle extract and 80 microg ketoconazole against tested fungi at 96 h after incubation. Thereafter, the inhibitory effect of Pb cream markedly decreased and completely lost effectiveness by day 7. In summary, the results supported the traditional wisdom of herbal remedy use and suggested a potential value-addition to agricultural products. It was suggested that the Pb cream has potential therapeutic value for treatment of dermatophytosis. However, clinical testing as well as improving the Pb cream formulation with greater efficacy and duration of action would be of interest and awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Trakranrungsie
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University-Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand.
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31
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Pushpavalli G, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV. Influence of Piper betle on hepatic marker enzymes and tissue antioxidant status in D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 19:131-150. [PMID: 19024930 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2008.19.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
D-galactosamine is a well-established hepatotoxicant that induces a diffuse type of liver injury closely resembling human viral hepatitis. D-galactosamine by its property of generating free radicals causes severe damage to the membrane and affects almost all organs of the human body. The leaves of Piper betle L., a commonly used masticatory in Asian countries, possess several biological properties. Our aim is to investigate the in vivo antioxidant potential of P. betle leaf-extract against oxidative stress induced by D-galactosamine intoxication in male albino Wistar rats. Toxicity was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine, 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 21 days. Rats were treated with P. betle extract (200 mg/kg BW) via intragastric intubations. We assessed the activities of liver marker enzymes (aspartate amino-transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione. The extract significantly improved the status of antioxidants and decreased TBARS, hydroperoxides, and liver marker enzymes when compared with the D-galactosamine treated group, demonstrating its hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Pushpavalli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Bhattacharya S, Banerjee D, Bauri AK, Chattopadhyay S, Bandyopadhyay SK. Healing property of the Piper betel phenol, allylpyrocatechol against indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration and mechanism of action. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:3705-13. [PMID: 17659730 PMCID: PMC4250642 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i27.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the protective activity of allylpyrocatechol (APC), the major antioxidant constituent of Piper betel, against the indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration in the rat model and correlates with its antioxidative and mucin protecting properties.
METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Normal control rats (group I) were given the vehicle oral dose of gum acacia in distilled water (1 mL per rat); ulcerated control and treated rats (groups II-V) were given a single dose of indomethacin (30 mg/kg body wt.); group II rats were sacrificed 4 h after indomethacin administration; groups III-V rats were given the vehicle (1 mL per rat) or APC (2 mg/kg body wt.) or misoprostol (1.43 μg/kg body wt.) once daily by oral intubation for 7 d starting from 4 h after the indomethacin administration. After 7 d, the stomach tissues were excised for histological examination and biochemical analysis.
RESULTS: Treatment with APC (2 mg/kg body wt per day) and misoprostol (1.43 μg/kg body wt per day) for 7 d could effectively heal the stomach ulceration as revealed from the ulcer index and histopathological studies. Compared to the zero day ulcerated group, treatment with APC and misoprostol reduced the ulcer index by 93.4% and 85.4% respectively (P < 0.05). Both APC and misoprostol accelerated ulcer healing observed in natural recovery (P < 0.05), their respective healing capacities not being significantly different. The healing capacities of APC and misoprostol could be attributed to their antioxidant activity as well as the ability to enhance the mucin content of the gastric tissues. Compared to the ulcerated untreated rats, those treated with APC and misoprostol showed near normal MDA levels, while the protein levels were 86% and 78% of the normal value respectively (P < 0.05). Likewise, both APC and misoprostol increased the SOD, catalase, and mucin levels significantly (P < 0.05), the effect of APC being better.
CONCLUSION: APC can protect indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration due to its antioxidative and mucin protecting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B.C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and IPGMERR, 244B, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road, Kolkata 700020, India
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Chang MC, Uang BJ, Tsai CY, Wu HL, Lin BR, Lee CS, Chen YJ, Chang CH, Tsai YL, Kao CJ, Jeng JH. Hydroxychavicol, a novel betel leaf component, inhibits platelet aggregation by suppression of cyclooxygenase, thromboxane production and calcium mobilization. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:73-82. [PMID: 17641677 PMCID: PMC1978281 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Platelet hyperactivity is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Betel leaf (PBL) is consumed by 200-600 million betel quid chewers in the world. Hydroxychavicol (HC), a betel leaf component, was tested for its antiplatelet effect. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the effect of HC on platelet aggregation, thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, ex vivo platelet aggregation and mouse bleeding time and platelet plug formation in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of HC in rats was also assessed. KEY RESULTS HC inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and TXB(2) production. HC inhibited the thrombin-induced TXB(2) production, but not platelet aggregation. SQ29548, suppressed collagen- and thrombin-induced TXB(2) production, but not thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. HC also suppressed COX-1/COX-2 enzyme activity and the AA-induced ROS production and Ca(2+) mobilization. HC further inhibited the ex vivo platelet aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (>100 nmole/mouse) and prolonged platelet plug formation (>300 nmole/mouse) in mesenteric microvessels, but showed little effect on bleeding time in mouse tail. Moreover, pharmacokinetics analysis found that more than 99% of HC was metabolized within 3 min of administration in Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HC is a potent COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, ROS scavenger and inhibits platelet calcium signaling, TXB(2) production and aggregation. HC could be a potential therapeutic agent for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases through its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects, without effects on haemostatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - B J Uang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University Hsin-chu, Taiwan
| | - C Y Tsai
- Development Center for Biotechnology Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H L Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University Hsin-chu, Taiwan
| | - B R Lin
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C S Lee
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y J Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y L Tsai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C J Kao
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - J H Jeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei, Taiwan
- Author for correspondence:
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34
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Mills JH. Drugs, consumption, and supply in Asia: the case of cocaine in colonial India, c. 1900 - c. 1930. J Asian Stud 2007; 66:345-362. [PMID: 19149025 DOI: 10.1017/s0021911807000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the market for cocaine in India during the early twentieth century and the efforts of the colonial state to control it. The British authorities issued regulations to prohibit the drug's use as early as 1900, and yet by the start of World War I, cocaine's appeal had become socially diverse and geographically wide. This account of a significant market for a powerful new drug suggests that Indian society was able to rapidly develop a demand for such products even when the colonial state had no part in their introduction. Indians used these new products in complex ways- as medicines, as tonics, and as intoxicants, albeit through the localized medium of the everyday paan leaf. The study points to a reconsideration of a number of debates about the history of drugs and modern medicines in Asia.
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35
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Chen PH, Tsai CC, Lin YC, Ko YC, Yang YH, Shieh TY, Ho PS, Li CM, Min-Shan Ko A, Chen CH. Ingredients contribute to variation in production of reactive oxygen species by areca quid. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2006; 69:1055-69. [PMID: 16840253 DOI: 10.1080/15287390500360224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Areca quid (AQ) chewing has been implicated an independent risk factor for the development of oral cancer. Taiwanese areca quid (AQ) refers to a combination of areca nut (AN), lime, and inflorescence of Piper betle Linn. (IPB) or Piper betle leaf (PBL). Studies of AQ in other countries reported that AN extract combined with lime generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radical (HO.), known to be a contributing factor in oral mucosa damage. To determine whether HO. is formed in the oral cavity during AQ chewing, the formation of meta-tyrosine (m-Tyr) and ortho-tyrosine (o-Tyr) from l-phenylalanine (Phe) was confirmed. It was demonstrated that combined aqueous extracts of AN, lime, metal ions (such as Cu2+ and Fe2+), and IPB or PBL produced HO.. Thus, the yield of HO. significantly increases when higher amounts of IPB or lime are added and also when Cu2+ and Fe2+ are increased. Further, the omission of any one of these ingredients significantly reduces the formation of HO.. Our results found that chewing AQ with IPB generated significantly higher HO. than chewing AQ with PBL, and may result in greater oxidative damage to the surrounding oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ho Chen
- Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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36
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Young SC, Wang CJ, Lin JJ, Peng PL, Hsu JL, Chou FP. Protection effect of piper betel leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Arch Toxicol 2006; 81:45-55. [PMID: 16676162 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-006-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Piper betel leaves (PBL) are used in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of various disorders. PBL has the biological capabilities of detoxication, antioxidation, and antimutation. In this study, we evaluated the antihepatotoxic effect of PBL extract on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver injury in a rat model. Fibrosis and hepatic damage, as reveled by histology and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were induced in rats by an administration of CCl(4) (8%, 1 ml/kg body weight) thrice a week for 4 weeks. PBL extract significantly inhibited the elevated AST and ALT activities caused by CCl(4) intoxication. It also attenuated total glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and GST alpha isoform activity, and on the other hand, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. The histological examination showed the PBL extract protected liver from the damage induced by CCl(4) by decreasing alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-sma) expression, inducing active matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) expression though Ras/Erk pathway, and inhibiting TIMP2 level that consequently attenuated the fibrosis of liver. The data of this study support a chemopreventive potential of PBL against liver fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Animals
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Carbon Tetrachloride/administration & dosage
- Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity
- Catalase/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Hydroxyl Radical/metabolism
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Phytotherapy
- Piper betle/chemistry
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chieh Young
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 2, Chien Kauo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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37
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Ghosh K, Bhattacharya TK. Chemical constituents of Piper betle Linn. (Piperaceae) roots. Molecules 2005; 10:798-802. [PMID: 18007349 PMCID: PMC6147577 DOI: 10.3390/10070798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 12/28/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Column chromatography of the alcoholic extract of Piper betle roots furnished aristololactam A-II and a new phenyl propene, characterized as 4-allyl resorcinol, while the petroleum-ether extract yielded a diketosteroid, viz. stigmast-4-en-3,6-dione. All these compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. Isolation of these compounds from this source is being reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Technology, University College of Science & Technology, Calcutta University, India.
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38
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Bhattacharya S, Subramanian M, Roychowdhury S, Bauri AK, Kamat JP, Chattopadhyay S, Bandyopadhyay SK. Radioprotective property of the ethanolic extract of Piper betel Leaf. J Radiat Res 2005; 46:165-71. [PMID: 15988134 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.46.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The radioprotective activity of Piper betel ethanolic extract (PE) has been studied using rat liver mitochondria and pBR 322 plasmid DNA as two model in vitro systems. The extract effectively prevented gamma-ray induced lipid peroxidation as assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates, lipid hydroperoxide and conjugated diene. Likewise, it prevented radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in a concentration dependent manner. The radioprotective activity of PE could be attributed to its hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging property along with its lymphoproliferative activity. The radical scavenging capacity of PE was primarily due to its constituent phenolics, which were isolated and identified as chevibetol and allyl pyrocatechol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B.C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic medical Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Tang DW, Chang KW, Chi CW, Liu TY. Hydroxychavicol modulates benzo[a]pyrene-induced genotoxicity through induction of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase. Toxicol Lett 2004; 152:235-43. [PMID: 15331132 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Areca quid (AQ) chewing and smoking have synergistic potential in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In Taiwan, fresh Piper betle inflorescence is uniquely added to AQ, and hydroxychavicol (HC) is the major phenolic component of P. betle inflorescence. This study investigated whether HC modulates cigarette carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-mediated toxic effects. Pretreatment of HC and followed by B[a]P challenge resulted in higher cytotoxicity and HPRT gene mutation frequency (P < 0.05). However, this treatment protocol resulted in decreased bulky B[a]P-DNA adduct levels as demonstrated by 32P-postlabeling technique (P < 0.05). Western blotting analysis indicated that HC pretreatment induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DDH). COX-2 is know to participate in the B[a]P-DNA adduct formation, while DDH has been shown to divert B[a]P-diol to B[a]P-7,8-quinone and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using flow cytometry, this study demonstrated the increased production of 8-oxoguanine (P < 0.001). Overall, the results suggest that HC-induced DDH is more important than site-by-site up-regulation of COX-2 in B[a]P-induced cytotoxicity and HPRT gene mutation. Furthermore, DDH-mediated oxidative DNA damage and not B[a]P-DNA adduct formation may be involved in the HC and B[a]P-induced toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deh-Wei Tang
- Institutes of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
The protective effect of Piper betle, a commonly used masticatory, has been examined in the brain of ethanol-administered Wistar rats. Brain of ethanol-treated rats exhibited increased levels of lipids, lipid peroxidation, and disturbances in antioxidant defense. Subsequent to the experimental induction of toxicity (i.e., the initial period of 30 days), aqueous P. betle extract was simultaneously administered in three different doses (100, 200, and 300 mg kg(-1)) for 30 days along with the daily dose of alcohol. P. betle coadministration resulted in significant reduction of lipid levels (free fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipids) and lipid peroxidation markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides. Further, antioxidants, like reduced glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, were increased in P. betle-coadministered rats. The higher dose of extract (300 mg kg(-1)) was more effective, and these results indicate the neuroprotective effect of P. betle in ethanol-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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41
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Saravanan R, Prakasam A, Ramesh B, Pugalendi KV. Influence of Piper betle on hepatic marker enzymes and tissue antioxidant status in ethanol-treated Wistar rats. J Med Food 2003; 5:197-204. [PMID: 12639394 DOI: 10.1089/109662002763003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper betle L. is a commonly used masticatory in Asia. This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of P. betle, using ethanol intoxication as a model of hepatotoxic and oxidative damage. Ethanol-treated rats exhibited elevation of hepatic marker enzymes and disturbances in antioxidant defense when compared with normal rats. Oral administration of P. betle extract (100, 200, or 300 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days significantly (P <.05) decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides in ethanol treated rats. The extract also improved the tissue antioxidant status by increasing the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E) and the activities of free radical-detoxifying enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver and kidney of ethanol-treated rats. The highest dose of P. betle extract (300 mg/kg body weight) was most effective. The results were comparable with the known hepatoprotective drug, silymarin. These results indicate that P. betle could afford a significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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42
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Majumdar B, Ray Chaudhuri SG, Ray A, Bandyopadhyay SK. Effect of ethanol extract of Piper betle Linn leaf on healing of NSAID-induced experimental ulcer--a novel role of free radical scavenging action. Indian J Exp Biol 2003; 41:311-5. [PMID: 15255639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with ethanol extract of leaf of P. betle at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 days, after induction of peptic ulcer by NSAID in albino rats, produced significant healing effect. During healing process, on treatment with the extractive, antioxidative factor, e.g. superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, mucus and total gastric tissue sulfhydryl group were increased. In contrast, oxidised lipid and oxidatively modified proteins were reduced to near normalcy, within 7 to 10 days, however, change in the untreated group was not significant. The extract also showed significant in vitro free radical scavenging action. The results suggest that the antioxidant or free radical scavenging activity of the plant extract, may be responsible for its healing action.
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43
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Lei D, Chan CP, Wang YJ, Wang TM, Lin BR, Huang CH, Lee JJ, Chen HM, Jeng JH, Chang MC. Antioxidative and antiplatelet effects of aqueous inflorescence Piper betle extract. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51:2083-2088. [PMID: 12643677 DOI: 10.1021/jf0210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Piper betle, belonging to the Piperaceae family, is a tropical plant, and its leaf and inflorescence are popularly consumed by betel quid (BQ) chewers in Taiwan and many other South and Southeast Asian countries. However, little is known about the biochemical properties of inflorescence Piper betle (IPB) toward reactive oxygen species (ROS) and platelet functions. In the present work, aqueous IPB extract was shown to be a scavenger of H(2)O(2), superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of about 80, 28, and 73 microg/mL, respectively. IPB extract also prevented the hydroxyl radical induced PUC18 plasmid DNA breaks at concentrations higher than 40 microg/mL. Since ROS are crucial for platelet aggregation, we further found that IPB extract also inhibited the arachidonic acid (AA) induced and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, with an IC(50) of 207 and 335 microg/mL, respectively. IPB extract also inhibited the AA-, collagen- (>100 microg/mL of IPB), and thrombin (>250 microg/mL of IPB)-induced thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) production by more than 90%. However, IPB extract showed little effect on thrombin-induced aggregation. These results indicated that aqueous components of IPB are potential ROS scavengers and may prevent the platelet aggregation possibly via scavenging ROS or inhibition of TXB(2) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lei
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang MJW, Ko CY, Lin RF, Hsieh LL. Biological monitoring of environment exposure to safrole and the Taiwanese betel quid chewing. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 43:432-437. [PMID: 12399914 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-002-1241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive biological monitoring (BM) method for assessing exposure to the environmental carcinogen safrole has been developed. The method is an isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of urinary dihydroxychavicol (DHAB) and eugenol, the urinary metabolites of safrole. Good linearity, precision, and accuracy were demonstrated. A recovery of 98.8 +/- 5.4% (SD, n = 3) was found for DHAB and 84.1 +/- 3.4% (n = 3) for eugenol. The quantitation limits of the method were 8 ng for DHAB and 10 ng for eugenol. The validity of the method was demonstrated by a linear dose-response relationship observed in rats given oral doses of safrole at 30, 75, and 150 mg/kg body weight. The method was also used to monitor the environmental exposure to the Taiwanese betel quid (TBQ) chewing, because TBQ used in Taiwan not only contains areca (betel) nut, slaked lime, and catechu but also Piper betle inflorescence or its leaves. Both of the latter have a high content of safrole. The feasibility of the method to monitor TBQ chewing was demonstrated by an analysis of 153 spot human urine samples. The results showed that the p value of the nonparametric group comparison was < 0.001 for DHAB and 0.832 for eugenol. The TBQ chewers also exhibited a significantly higher rate of urinary DHAB (but not eugenol) than the nonchewers with an odd ratio of 3.47 (95% CI, 1.61-7.51). However, when only the eugenol-positive subjects were taken into analysis, the ratio rose to 24.38 (95% CI, 3.00-197.90).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J W Chang
- Department of Public Health, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Piper betle leaves are used in folk medicine for the treatment of various disorders and is commonly chewed among Asians. The present study investigates the protective efficacy of P. betle leaf extract. The presence of the extract inhibited the radiation induced lipid peroxidation process effectively. This could be attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals involved in initiation and propagation steps. Oral supplementation with extract (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) was administered daily for 2 weeks to Swiss albino mice and the hepatic antioxidant status was analysed. The GSH content was enhanced and no appreciable change was found in the levels of oxidative damage in terms of lipid peroxidation. Also, the specific activity of SOD increased in a dose dependent manner. These factors indicate the elevation of antioxidant status in the animals. The effect on the glyoxalase system which is considered to be activated under stress conditions was also investigated. Our findings did not observe any significant change in gly I and gly II activities, implying a non-stress condition after oral treatment of the extract. The present study indicates the antioxidant activity of P. betle leaf extract and its potential to elevate the antioxidant status.
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