Majra Honey Abrogated the Normal and Cancer Cells Proliferation Inhibition by Juniperus procera Extract and Extract/Honey Generated AgNPs

Novel antiluminal breast cancer and immunological activities of Sidr and SidrZamZam honeys and their biogenic AgNPs

Honey and its derivatives are extensively acknowledged for their diverse biological attributes. Sidr honey, a specific type of monofloral honey, is obtained from the nectar of the Sidr tree (Ziziphus spina-christi). Muslims believe that water from the Zamzam well has the potential to treat a wide range of diseases. Across the globe, millions utilize Zamzam water, which is characterized by its naturally alkaline properties. SidrZamZam honey represents an innovative variant of honey, fundamentally akin to Sidr honey, with the notable difference being that bees are supplied with Zamzam water as their hydration source. The objective of this research was to evaluate the capacity of two distinct varieties of honey to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), examine their antibacterial properties, investigate their impact on immune cells, and assess their anticancer efficacy against luminal A breast cancer (MCF-7). The findings indicated that both Sidr and SidrZamZam honeys possessed the ability to synthesize varying sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this study, AgNPs synthesized by both honeys and incorporated within them demonstrated significant antibacterial properties. In addition, the two varieties of honey, when evaluated independently, displayed anticancer effects against the MCF-7 cancer cell line; however, this was not the case when these honeys were combined with AgNPs. Additionally, both varieties of honey facilitated the proliferation of immune cells. In this context, our bioinformatic analyses demonstrate that several immune cell types exert a clinically significant influence on patients with luminal-A breast cancer. These immune cell types include CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), neutrophils, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting myeloid dendritic cells, resting mast cells, and follicular helper T cells. Therefore, these immune cell subsets represent promising targets for the treatment of luminal-A breast cancer utilizing both varieties of honey. In conclusion, Sidr and SidrZamZam honeys may serve as a source for the environmentally-friendly synthesis of AgNPs. Furthermore, both honey types have the potential to enhance immune cell activity and can function as immunomodulators. Besides, both honeys may hold promise in the combat against breast cancer, pending further research.

Synergistic Effects of AgNPs and Biochar: A Potential Combination for Combating Lung Cancer and Pathogenic Bacteria

The synthesis of reliable biological nanomaterials is a crucial area of study in nanotechnology. In this study, Emericella dentata was employed for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, which were then combined with synthesized biochar, a porous structure created through biomass pyrolysis. The synergistic effects of AgNPs and biochar were evaluated through the assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-apoptotic gene expression, and antibacterial activity. Solid biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated by XRD and SEM, with SEM images revealing that most of the AgNPs ranged from 10 to 80 nm, with over 70% being less than 40 nm. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of stabilizing and reducing functional groups in the AgNPs. The nanoemulsion's zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, and particle distribution index were found to be -19.6 mV, 37.62 nm, and 0.231, respectively. Biochar, on the other hand, did not have any antibacterial effects on the tested bacterial species. However, when combined with AgNPs, its antibacterial efficacy against all bacterial species was significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the combined material significantly reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to individual treatments. This study suggests that low-dose AgNPs coupled with biochar could be a more effective method to combat lung cancer epithelial cells and pathogenic bacteria compared to either substance alone.

Chemical Characterization of Honey and Its Effect (Alone as well as with Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles) on Microbial Pathogens' and Human Cancer Cell Lines' Growth

The antibacterial, anticancer, and wound-healing effects of honey can vary according to the type, geographical region, honey bee species, and source of the flowers. Nanotechnology is an innovative and emerging field of science with an enormous potential role in medical, cosmetics, and industrial usages globally. Metal nanoparticles that derived from silver and range between 1 nm and 100 nm in size are called silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Much advanced research AgNPs has been conducted due to their potential antibacterial and anticancer activity, chemical stability, and ease of synthesis. The purpose of the present study was to explore the physicochemical properties of honey and the potential to use forest honey to synthesize AgNPs as well as to appraise the nanoparticles' antimicrobial and anticancer effects. Here, we used three different percentages of forest honey (20%, 40%, and 80%) as biogenic mediators to synthesize AgNPs at room temperature. The development of AgNPs was confirmed by color change (to the naked eye) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy studies, respectively. The absorbance peak obtained between 464 to 4720 nm validated both the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band and the formation of AgNPs. Regarding the sugar profile, the contents of maltose and glucose were lower than the content of fructose. In addition, the results showed that the SPR band of AgNPs increased as the percentage of forest honey increased due to the elevation of the concentration of the bio-reducing agent. A bacterial growth kinetic assay indicated the strong antibacterial efficacy of honey with silver nanoparticles against each tested bacterial strain. Honey with nanotherapy was the most effective against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and colon cancer (HCT 116) cells, with IC50s of 23.9 and 27.4 µg/mL, respectively, while being less effective against breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7), with an IC50 of 32.5 µg/mL.

History, phytochemistry, experimental pharmacology and clinical uses of honey: A comprehensive review with special reference to Unani medicine

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Honey is one of the most popular functional foods, speculated to be in use since the advent of human civilization. Its health-protective activity is endorsed by many religions and traditional medicines. In Unani medicine, honey is prescribed for many health conditions as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, etc. In the present era, honey is gaining popularity over sugar for its myriad health benefits and low glycemic index. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the biological activities and potential therapeutic uses of honey, with scientific evidence.

METHODOLOGY

In this paper, we have provided a comprehensive overview of historical uses, types, physical characteristics, bioactive constituents and pharmacological activities of honey. The information was gathered from Classical Unani textbooks and leading scientific databases. There is a plethora of information regarding various therapeutic activities of honey, and it is daunting to draw practical conclusions. Hence, in this paper, we have tried to summarize those aspects which are most relevant to clinical application.

OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

Many important bioactive constituents are identified in different honey types, e.g. phenolics, proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids, etc., which exert important biological activities like anti-microbial, wound healing, immunomodulatory, anti-toxin, antioxidant, and many others. Honey has the potential to alleviate many lifestyle disorders, mitigate the adverse effects of drugs and toxins, and also provide healthy nutrition. Although conclusive clinical evidence is not available, yet honey may potentially be a safer alternative to sucrose for diabetic patients.

Antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and cytotoxic activities of green synthesized nanoparticles from Acacia honey and Calotropis procera

Calotropis procera and Somra (Acacia) honey are used in traditional medicine. The benefits of mixing 20% Somra honey and C. procera leaf water extract (CPLWExt) were aimed to be studied. Honey/CPLWExt were utilized to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) separately. AgNPs were characterized via UV/Vis and electron microscope scanning. Bio-molecules in CPLWExt/honey were investigated utilizing FT-IR spectroscopy. Biological activities of CPLWExt and honey were tested. The outcomes showed that CPLWExt and honey have numerous functional groups and could produce AgNPs. CPLWExt, CPLWExt + AgNPs, honey and honey + AgNPs hindered the growth of rat splenocytes, while CPLWExt + honey invigorated it. Antimicrobial power was found in CPLWExt and honey, which increased in the presence of AgNPs. Honey/honey + AgNPs suppressed the proliferation of HeLa and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, honey/CPLWExt could produce AgNPs and showed immunomodulatory and antibacterial power. Somra honey/honey + AgNPs have anticancer power. Somra honey + CPLWExt reflected a good immunostimulatory powers that can be nominated as an immunostimulant.

Lepidium sativum and Its Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Activate Immune Cells and Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells

There is an increased demand for plants with antioxidants and anticancer properties. Lepidium sativum L. is an edible plant with medical importance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity; antioxidant capacity and antibacterial impact of Lepidium sativum L. seed acetone extract (LSSAExt), alone and with its biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). LSSAExt-produced AgNPs were characterized using SEM, XRD and Vis/UV analysis. Biomolecules in LSSAExt and LSSAExt + AgNPs were explored utilizing FTIR. The ability of LSSAExt and LSSAExt + AgNPs to induce apoptosis and mitotic cell arrest in the HT-29 colon cancer cells, compared to normal and repeated cell division activated splenic cells was determined by florescent stains and flow cytometry. Antibacterial power was tested using well diffusion technique. LSSAExt and LSSAExt + AgNPs showed a good antibacterial impact. LSSAExt contains ROS, which could help in cancer cells apoptosis. LSSAExt and LSSAExt+AgNPs were not toxic to splenic cells and increased the rate of their cell division. LSSAExt and LSSAExt+AgNPs increased p53 expression and could arrest cell division of HT-29 colon cancer cells but not of normal fast dividing cells. LSSAExt and LSSAExt+AgNPs caused apoptosis in cancer cells rather than necrosis. In conclusion, acetone preparation of the edible plant L. sativum is a good antibacterial agent, good anticancer preparation at least against colon cancer as it is shown to be targeted, effective and can boost immune cells.